EP0768503B1 - Procédé de séparation d'air à triple colonne - Google Patents

Procédé de séparation d'air à triple colonne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0768503B1
EP0768503B1 EP96116124A EP96116124A EP0768503B1 EP 0768503 B1 EP0768503 B1 EP 0768503B1 EP 96116124 A EP96116124 A EP 96116124A EP 96116124 A EP96116124 A EP 96116124A EP 0768503 B1 EP0768503 B1 EP 0768503B1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
pressure column
column
medium
low
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96116124A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0768503A2 (fr
EP0768503A3 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dipl.-Phys. Voit
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04436—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04448—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system in a double column flowsheet with an intermediate pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04878—Side by side arrangement of multiple vessels in a main column system, wherein the vessels are normally mounted one upon the other or forming different sections of the same column
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/90—Triple column
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/939—Partial feed stream expansion, air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the low-temperature separation of air in one Triple column system consisting of a high pressure column, a medium pressure column and a low pressure column, with the steps listed in claim 1 (a) to (i).
  • a triple column system has at least three columns for nitrogen-oxygen separation on.
  • the term includes systems and processes that serve as additional pillars Nitrogen-oxygen separation and / or for the extraction of others Have air components such as noble gases, for example a crude argon column.
  • Triple column process of the type mentioned above is known from DE-A-2903089, The entire feed air is compressed to a first pressure, which is above the Medium pressure column pressure, and some without further pressure changing Measures fed into the medium pressure column, to another part on one second pressure further compressed and introduced into the high pressure column. The rest of compressed service air is relieved of work and into the low pressure column introduced. However, this process does not work optimally in terms of energy.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a method of the beginning specified type with particularly high efficiency.
  • This object is achieved in that the first pressure is lower than that Operating pressure of the medium pressure column and that the second part of the feed air from the first pressure is compressed to a third pressure that is at least equal to that Operating pressure of the medium pressure column, but is lower than the second pressure.
  • the total amount of feed air is therefore only at a relatively low pressure compressed, which is lower than the pressure prevailing in the medium pressure column.
  • the in the first air section to be introduced must be in a further one Compressors are compressed correspondingly higher; the part of the feed air that anyway directly under the low pressure column working at lower pressure is fed in, but does not even need to the high pressure of the High pressure column to be brought.
  • the cooling needs of the System is relatively small, for example, because a small part of the products are liquid is obtained or it is a pure gas system, results in particularly low energy consumption.
  • relaxation is preferably between the first pressure and the Pressure of the medium pressure column.
  • the third part of the air should relax during work gained energy or a part thereof for the compression of the third air part be used.
  • the post-compressor is preferably used exclusively for this internally generated mechanical energy is driven so that it does not come from the outside energy consumed.
  • Post-compressor and expansion machine are for example mechanically coupled via a common shaft.
  • the high pressure column can be relatively low operated low pressure, which is preferably 4.8 bar or less. This results in a particularly low effort when compressing the feed air.
  • the low pressure column is preferably under the lowest possible pressure operated. This is determined by the fact that the top product of the low pressure column - if necessary after passing through one or more heat exchangers - under im substantial atmospheric pressure can be removed from the process; if this top product as regeneration gas in a cleaning device (e.g. one Molecular sieve system) is used, the pressure of the low pressure column must also enable their operation.
  • a cleaning device e.g. one Molecular sieve system
  • part of the first oxygen-enriched bottom fraction is introduced from the high pressure column into the medium pressure column. It becomes a part of the bottom product from the high pressure column, and thus one larger amount of nitrogen-enriched fraction at the top of the medium pressure column won, which is available as return liquid in the low pressure column. This further improves rectification in the low pressure column.
  • the bottom fraction from the high pressure column is preferably at an intermediate point introduced into the medium pressure column, that is at a point that has at least one practical or theoretical floor above the sump of the medium pressure column and in particular at least one practical or theoretical floor above the point where the second air part is fed into the medium pressure column.
  • the invention also relates to a device for the low temperature decomposition of Air according to claim 8.
  • Nitrogen will be produced if there is an additional one at the top of the low pressure column Ordinary pure nitrogen section is arranged.
  • Argon production is also possible if the low pressure column in a known manner (see for example EP-B-377117) an argon rectification is connected downstream. Likewise, other noble gases are generated in a known manner.
  • Feed air 1 is compressed in a main air compressor 2 to a first pressure.
  • the compressed feed air 3 is in a first partial flow 101, a second partial flow 201 and a third partial stream 301 divided.
  • the first partial flow to a second pressure and the second partial flow to one brought between the first and the second pressure third pressure.
  • there the first partial flow and the second partial flow are initially together (4) in Compressor 5 to the third pressure and then the first partial flow 101 alone further compressed in the compressor 102 to the second pressure.
  • you can the first and the second partial stream can also be compressed independently of one another.
  • the third partial stream, the Relaxation machine 305 or the post-compressor 302 fed will be branched downstream of one of the compressors 5 or 102.
  • the cooling capacity achieved with this can increase the pressure when relaxing increased and / or the amount of air blown directly into the low pressure column be reduced.
  • the first partial flow 103 under the second pressure and that under the third Second partial flow 201 under pressure is counteracted in a main heat exchanger 6
  • the high pressure column 7 is under operated at a pressure of 4.5 to 5.5 bar, preferably 4.6 to 4.8 bar
  • Medium pressure column 8 is under 2.5 to 3.5 bar, preferably 2.8 to 3.0 bar.
  • the first pressure (in line 3 behind the main air compressor 2) is significantly lower as the high pressure column pressure; the difference is at least 2.5 bar, preferably 3.0 to 3.2 bar.
  • the second pressure is slightly above that High pressure column pressure (for example about 0.1 bar above the pressure at the Feeding point in the high pressure column) to the pressure drop in the main heat exchanger 6 and equalize in lines 103 and 104.
  • the third pressure is analogous to this (downstream of the compressor 5) slightly above the pressure of the medium pressure column the introduction of the second partial flow 201, 202 into the medium pressure column 8 guarantee.
  • the third partial flow 301 is optionally in a post-compressor 302 on a fourth pressure, which is between the first pressure and the operating pressure the medium pressure column can be, for example, 1.5 to 2.5 bar higher than that first print is.
  • the fourth pressure is correspondingly higher means for example higher than the pressure of the medium pressure column or even higher than the pressure of the high pressure column; in this case it can be up to 8 bar or more
  • Via line 303 it goes to the main heat exchanger 6 and from it cold end from further (304) to the relaxation machine 305.
  • the work-performing relaxed air 306 is introduced into the low-pressure column 9 at medium height.
  • each compressor 2, 5, 102, 302 in indirect heat exchange cooled with cooling water, as by the aftercoolers shown in the drawing is indicated.
  • a first nitrogen-enriched precipitate Head fraction as head gas and a first oxygen-enriched fraction as Sump liquid is in a first condenser-evaporator 11 condensed and in part 12 in the high pressure column and in another part 13 - if necessary after subcooling in counterflow 14 - via line 15 in the Low pressure column 9 throttled (16), the operating pressure 1.1 to 1.5 bar, preferably 1.2 to 1.4 bar.
  • Part of the condensed nitrogen enriched Fraction 13 from the high pressure column can via the optional line 17 to the top of the Medium pressure column 8 are performed.
  • the bottom liquid of the high pressure column is over Line 18 also into the low pressure column 9 after optional subcooling (14) relaxed (19, 20).
  • the feed point is above that of the work-performing relaxed air 306.
  • the feed point is at least one practical or theoretical floor, preferably two to five theoretical plates above the feed of the second Air section 202.
  • a second nitrogen-enriched head fraction and won a second oxygen-enriched sump liquid In the medium pressure column 8, a second nitrogen-enriched head fraction and won a second oxygen-enriched sump liquid.
  • the head gas 21 will condensed in a second condenser-evaporator 22 and to a first part 23 in the medium pressure column and to a second part 24 - if necessary after Hypothermia in counterflow 14 - throttled into low-pressure column 9 (25).
  • the Bottom liquid of the medium pressure column is also optional via line 26 Hypothermia (14) in the evaporation space of the second condenser-evaporator 22 relaxed (27).
  • the vaporized stream 28 is introduced into the low pressure column 9 (29).
  • the feed point for example, at the same level as that of the Bottom liquid from the high pressure column or something above it.
  • the cleaning of the feed air is not shown in the drawing. You can by each of the known methods take place, for example in a switchable Heat exchanger (Revex) or in one or more molecular sieve systems. in the the latter case, it is possible to collectively use the entire feed air (line 3) Subject to cleaning, the three substreams 103, 201, 303 in separate systems treat or the first and second partial stream together through one arranged immediately downstream of the aftercooler of the compressor 5 Molecular sieve. In the event that different from the representation in the Drawing of the third partial flow behind one of the compressors 5 or 102 removed and is fed to the post-compressor 302, all three partial flows or at least the first and the third partial stream are cleaned together.
  • the mass transfer elements in the High pressure column and those formed in the medium pressure column by still bottoms in the low pressure column by orderly packing. Basically, however, at of the invention in each of the columns conventional still bottoms (disordered packing) and / or ordered packing. Also Combinations of different elements in one column are possible. Because of the low pressure drop, ordered packings in all columns, in particular in the low pressure column, preferred. These increase the energy-saving effect the invention further.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de séparation d'air à basse température dans un système à triple colonne, qui se compose d'une colonne haute pression (7), d'une colonne pression moyenne (8) et d'une colonne basse pression (9), avec les étapes suivantes :
    (a) compression (2) de l'air de charge (1) à une première pression
    (b) introduction d'une première partie (101, 103, 104) de l'air de charge comprimé (3) dans la colonne haute pression (7), la première partie de l'air de charge étant comprimée de la première pression à une deuxième pression (5, 102), qui est au moins égale à la pression de fonctionnement de la colonne haute pression (7)
    (c) introduction d'une deuxième partie (201, 202) de l'air de charge comprimé (3) dans la colonne pression moyenne (8)
    (d) détente fournissant du travail (305) d'une troisième partie (301, 303, 304) de l'air de charge comprimé (3)
    (e) introduction de l'air de charge détendu en fournissant du travail (306) dans la colonne basse pression (9)
    (f) introduction (19) d'au moins une partie d'une première fraction de puits (18), provenant de la colonne haute pression (7), enrichie en oxygène, dans la colonne basse pression (9)
    (g) condensation (11) d'une première fraction de tête (10), enrichie en azote, provenant de la colonne haute pression (7) , et introduction du condensat obtenu de ce fait (13, 15), en tant que reflux dans la colonne basse pression (9)
    (h) introduction (28) d'au moins une partie d'une deuxième fraction de puits (26), provenant de la colonne pression moyenne (8), enrichie en oxygène, dans la colonne basse pression (9)
    (i) condensation (22) d'une deuxième fraction de tête (21), enrichie en azote, provenant de la colonne pression moyenne (8) et introduction (25) du condensat ainsi obtenu (24) en tant que reflux dans la colonne basse pression (9)
    caractérisé en ce que
    (j) la première pression est inférieure à la pression de fonctionnement de la colonne pression moyenne (8) et
    (k) en ce que la deuxième partie de l'air de charge est comprimée (5) de la première pression à une troisième pression, qui est au moins égale à la pression de fonctionnement de la colonne pression moyenne (8), mais qui est inférieure à la deuxième pression.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la troisième partie (301) de l'air de charge est comprimée ultérieurement (302) en amont de la détente fournissant du travail (305).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise, en vue de la post-compression (302) de la troisième partie d'air (301), l'énergie obtenue lors de la détente fournissant du travail (305) de la troisième partie d'air (304).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la pression de fonctionnement à la tête de la colonne haute pression est environ de 4,8 bars ou moins.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la colonne basse pression (9) fonctionne à une pression tout juste supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, qui suffit pour éliminer du procédé la fraction de tête (32, 33) de la colonne basse pression (9) - le cas échéant, après passage à travers un ou plusieurs échangeurs thermiques (14, 6) - à une pression essentiellement atmosphérique, et/ou pour l'utiliser en tant que gaz de régénération dans une installation de nettoyage/purification.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie (37) de la première fraction de puits (18), enrichie en oxygène, provenant de la colonne haute pression (7), est introduite dans la colonne pression moyenne (8).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la partie (37) de la première fraction de puits, enrichie en oxygène, provenant de la colonne haute pression, est introduite dans la colonne pression moyenne (8) en un point intermédiaire.
  8. Dispositif de séparation d'air à basse température dans un système à triple colonne, qui présente une colonne haute pression (7), une colonne pression moyenne (8), et une colonne basse pression (9), avec
    (a) un compresseur d'air principal (2) en vue de la compression de l'air de charge (1) à une première pression qui est inférieure à la pression de fonctionnement de la colonne moyenne,
    (b) avec un premier conduit de courant partiel (101, 103, 104), qui est relié à la sortie du compresseur d'air principal (2) et à la colonne haute pression (7), le premier conduit de courant partiel conduisant à travers des moyens (5, 102) en vue de la compression de l'air de charge de la première pression à une deuxième pression, qui est au moins égale à la pression de fonctionnement de la colonne haute pression (7),
    (c) avec un deuxième conduit de courant partiel (201, 202), qui est relié à la sortie du compresseur d'air principal (2) et à la colonne pression moyenne (8),
    (d) avec un troisième conduit de courant partiel (301, 303, 304, 306), qui est relié à la sortie du compresseur d'air principal (2) et qui conduit à travers une machine de détente (305) vers la colonne basse pression (9),
    (e) avec des moyens en vue de l'introduction (13, 15, 16 ; 24, 25) de liquide de la tête de la colonne haute pression (7) et de la tête de la colonne pression moyenne (8) dans la colonne basse pression (9) ainsi qu'en vue de l'introduction (18, 19, 20 ; 26, 27, 28, 29) de liquide de puits provenant de la colonne haute pression (7) et de la colonne pression moyenne (8) dans la colonne basse pression (9), et
    (f) avec des moyens (5) en vue de la compression de l'air de charge (4) de la première pression à une troisième pression, qui est au moins égale à la pression de fonctionnement de la colonne pression moyenne (8), mais qui est inférieure à la deuxième pression, dont l'entrée est reliée à la sortie du compresseur d'air principal (2) et dont la sortie est reliée au deuxième conduit de courant partiel (201, 202).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé par un post-compresseur (302), qui est disposé dans le troisième conduit de courant partiel (301, 303) en amont de la machine de détente (305).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé par des moyens en vue du transfert de l'énergie mécanique de la machine de détente (305) vers le post-compresseur (302).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé par des moyens (37) en vue de l'introduction du liquide de puits provenant de la colonne haute pression (7) dans la colonne pression moyenne (8).
EP96116124A 1995-10-11 1996-10-09 Procédé de séparation d'air à triple colonne Expired - Lifetime EP0768503B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19537913 1995-10-11
DE19537913A DE19537913A1 (de) 1995-10-11 1995-10-11 Dreifachsäulenverfahren zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0768503A2 EP0768503A2 (fr) 1997-04-16
EP0768503A3 EP0768503A3 (fr) 1998-02-04
EP0768503B1 true EP0768503B1 (fr) 2001-07-25

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EP96116124A Expired - Lifetime EP0768503B1 (fr) 1995-10-11 1996-10-09 Procédé de séparation d'air à triple colonne

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US (1) US5730004A (fr)
EP (1) EP0768503B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19537913A1 (fr)

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US6397631B1 (en) 2001-06-12 2002-06-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Air separation process
JP5425100B2 (ja) * 2008-01-28 2014-02-26 リンデ アクチエンゲゼルシャフト 低温空気分離方法及び装置
FR2946735B1 (fr) * 2009-06-12 2012-07-13 Air Liquide Appareil et procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique.
FR2953915B1 (fr) * 2009-12-11 2011-12-02 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
US8978413B2 (en) * 2010-06-09 2015-03-17 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Rare gases recovery process for triple column oxygen plant

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EP0768503A2 (fr) 1997-04-16
US5730004A (en) 1998-03-24
EP0768503A3 (fr) 1998-02-04
DE59607348D1 (de) 2001-08-30

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