EP0767411B1 - Photoconducteur électrophotographique utilisable avec des révélateurs liquides - Google Patents

Photoconducteur électrophotographique utilisable avec des révélateurs liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0767411B1
EP0767411B1 EP96306948A EP96306948A EP0767411B1 EP 0767411 B1 EP0767411 B1 EP 0767411B1 EP 96306948 A EP96306948 A EP 96306948A EP 96306948 A EP96306948 A EP 96306948A EP 0767411 B1 EP0767411 B1 EP 0767411B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
bisphenol
charge transport
charge
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96306948A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0767411A1 (fr
Inventor
Garry D. Hinch
Ronald A. Merten
Laura L. Kierstein
Robert J. Rumery
James W. Stasiak
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Lexmark International Inc
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Lexmark International Inc
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
    • G03G5/0664—Dyes
    • G03G5/0666—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group
    • G03G5/0672—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group containing two or more methine or polymethine groups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
    • G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
    • G03G5/0612—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen
    • G03G5/0614—Amines
    • G03G5/06142—Amines arylamine
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
    • G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
    • G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
    • G03G5/0564—Polycarbonates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
    • G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
    • G03G5/0612—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen
    • G03G5/0616—Hydrazines; Hydrazones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
    • G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
    • G03G5/0624—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
    • G03G5/0627—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being five-membered
    • G03G5/0631—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being five-membered containing two hetero atoms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved photoconductor used in electrophotographic reproduction devices in combination with liquid toners, having a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer, which exhibits reduced leaching of the charge transport molecule out of the transport layer, as well as an ability to operate more effectively at higher temperatures.
  • the present invention uses a layered electrophotographic photoconductor, i.e., a photoconductor having a metal ground plane member on which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are coated, in that order. Although these layers are generally separate, they may be combined into a single layer which provides both charge generation and charge transport functions.
  • a photoconductor may optionally include a barrier layer located between the metal ground plane member and the charge generation layer, and/or an adhesion-promoting layer located between the barrier layer (or ground plane member) and the charge generation layer and/or an overcoat layer on the top surface of the charge transport layer.
  • a latent image is created on the surface of an insulating. photoconducting material by selectively exposing areas of the surface to light. A difference in electrostatic charge density is created between the areas on the surface exposed and unexposed to the light.
  • the latent electrostatic image is developed into a visible image by electrostatic toners containing pigment components and thermoplastic components.
  • the toners which may be liquids or powders, are selectively attracted to the photoconductor surface either exposed or unexposed to light, depending on the relative electrostatic charges on the photoconductor surface, development electrode and the toner.
  • the photoconductor may be either positively or negatively charged, and the toner system similarly may contain negatively or positively charged particles.
  • a sheet of paper or intermediate transfer medium is given an electrostatic charge opposite that of the toner and then passed close to the photoconductor surface, pulling the toner from the photoconductor surface onto the paper or intermediate medium still in the pattern of the image developed from the photoconductor surface.
  • a set of fuser rollers melts and fixes the toner in the paper, subsequent to direct transfer, or indirect transfer when an intermediate transfer medium is used, producing the printed image.
  • the electrostatic printing process therefore, comprises an ongoing series of steps wherein the photoconductor surface is charged and discharged as the printing takes place. It is important to keep the charge voltage and discharge voltage on the surface of the photoconductor constant as different pages are printed to make sure that the quality of the images produced is uniform (cycling stability). If the charge/discharge voltage is changed each time the drum is cycled, e.g., if there is fatigue or other significant change in the photoconductor surface, the quality of the pages printed will not be uniform and will be unsatisfactory.
  • liquid toners in the electrophotographic printing process in order to get the highest possible resolution on the printed page.
  • the charge transport molecules present on the photoconductor drum tend to leach into the oil carrier present in the toner. This results in higher (i.e., non-uniform) discharge voltages on the photoconductor surface and, therefore, poor quality in the printed pages produced. Severe penetration of the oil through the transport layer may also disrupt the performance of the charge generation layer.
  • higher fusing temperatures are required, leading to temperatures at the photoconductor surface that may approach the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the transport formulation. Unless the glass transition temperature of the photoconductor surface is high enough, these operating temperatures can cause softening of the photoconductor surface, and negatively affect the quality of the electrophotographic images produced.
  • binders in the charge transport layer of an organic photoconductor provides reduced leaching of the charge transport component into the toner, as well as a relatively high glass transition temperature for the transport layer, while maintaining electrostatic performance and even improving print resolution. Further, the decreased leaching permits the use of higher levels of charge transport molecule in the transport layer which results in better electrical properties.
  • This photoreceptor utilizes a binder containing a mixture of specific polycarbonate resins. 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene diphenol is not one of the monomers included in the specifically described copolymer resins. Further, there is no suggestion of minimized transport molecule leaching or high glass transition temperatures for the disclosed photoreceptors.
  • WO 93/24861 describes the use of cross-linked binders in the charge generating layer in a photoconductive material in which the binder in the charge transport layer is preferably a polycarbonate.
  • the present invention relates to the use in electrophotographic reproduction with a liquid toner of a photoconductive member which includes a charge transport layer which contains 30 to 70% by weight of a phenylhydrazone charge transport molecule and 30 to 70% by weight of a binder resin which is a bisphenol A and bisphenol TMC (3,3,5-trimethylcyclo-hexylidene diphenol) copolycarbonate which has a bisphenol A: bisphenol TMC weight ratio of from 30:70 to 70:30 and a polymer molecular weight from 10,000 to 100,000.
  • a binder resin which is a bisphenol A and bisphenol TMC (3,3,5-trimethylcyclo-hexylidene diphenol) copolycarbonate which has a bisphenol A: bisphenol TMC weight ratio of from 30:70 to 70:30 and a polymer molecular weight from 10,000 to 100,000.
  • the present invention relates to a photoconductive member for use with a liquid toner comprising: (a) a ground plane member; (b) a charge generating layer carried by said ground plane member comprising an effective amount of a photosensitive dye dispersed in a binder; and (c) a charge transport layer as defined above and carried by said charge generating layer.
  • Photoconductors of the present invention find utility in electrophotographic reproduction devices, such as copiers and printers, and may be generally characterized as layered photoconductors wherein one layer (the charge generating layer) absorbs light and, as a result, generates electrical charge carriers, while the second layer (the charge transport layer) transports those charge carriers to the exposed surface of the photoconductor.
  • one layer the charge generating layer
  • the second layer the charge transport layer
  • a substrate which may be flexible (such as a flexible web or a belt) or inflexible (such as a drum), is uniformly coated with a thin layer of metallic aluminum.
  • the aluminum layer functions as an electrical ground plane.
  • the aluminum is anodized, which turns the aluminum surface into a thicker aluminum oxide surface (having a thickness of from 2 to 12 microns, preferably from 4 to 7 microns).
  • the ground plane member may be a metallic plate (made, for example, from aluminum or nickel), a metallic drum or foil, a plastic film on which is vacuum evaporated aluminum, tin oxide, or indium oxide, for example, or a conductive substance-coated paper or plastic film or drum.
  • the aluminum layer is then coated with a thin, uniform thickness charge generating layer comprising a photosensitive dye material dispersed in a binder. Finally, the uniform thickness charge transport layer is coated onto the charge generating layer.
  • the charge transport layer comprises a specifically defined bisphenol A/bisphenol TMC copolymer binder containing a charge transport molecule.
  • a photosensitive layer comprises a charge generating material, a charge transport material, and a binder resin (i.e., a bisphenol A/bisphenol TMC copolymer binder resin).
  • a binder resin i.e., a bisphenol A/bisphenol TMC copolymer binder resin
  • the ground plane layer has a thickness of from 0.01 to 0.07 microns
  • the charge generating layer has a thickness of from 0.05 to 5.0 microns, preferably from 0.1 to 2.0 microns, most preferably from 0.1 to 0.5 micron
  • the charge transport layer has a thickness of from 10 to 25 microns, preferably from 20 to 25 microns. If a barrier layer is used between the ground plane and the charge generating layer, it has a thickness of from 0.05 to 2.0 microns. Where a single charge generating/charge transport layer is used, that layer generally has a thickness of from 10 to 25 microns.
  • a fine dispersion of a small particle photosensitive dye material is formed in a binder material, and this dispersion is coated onto the ground plane layer. This is generally done by preparing a dispersion containing the photosensitive dye, the binder and a solvent, coating the dispersion onto the ground plane member, and drying the coating.
  • Any organic photosensitive dye material known in the art to be useful in photoconductors may be used in the present invention.
  • Examples of such materials belong to one of the following classes:
  • Preferred photosensitive dyes for use in the present invention are phthalocyanine dyes which are well known to those skilled in the art. Examples of such materials are taught in U.S. Patent 3,816,118, Byrne, issued June 11, 1974, incorporated herein by reference. Any suitable phthalocyanine may be used to prepare the charge generating layer portion of the present invention.
  • the phthalocyanine used may be in any suitable crystalline form. It may be unsubstituted or substituted either (or both) in the six-membered aromatic rings and at the nitrogens of the five-membered rings. Useful materials are described, and their synthesis given, in Moser and Thomas, Phthalocyanine Compounds , Reinhold Publishing Company, 1963, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Particularly preferred phthalocyanine materials are those in which the metal central in the structure is titanium (i.e., titanyl phthalocyanines) and metal-free phthalocyanines.
  • the metal-free phthalocyanines are also particularly preferred, especially the X-crystalline form metal-free phthalocyanines.
  • Such materials are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,357,989, Byrne, et al., issued December 12, 1967; U.S. Patent 3,816,118, Byrne, issued June 11, 1974, and U.S. Patent 5,204,200, Kobata, et al., issued April 20, 1993, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the X-type non-metal phthalocyanine is represented by the formula:
  • Such materials are available in an electrophotographic grade of very high purity, for example, under the trade name Progen-XPC from Zeneca Colours Company.
  • a high molecular weight polymer having hydrophobic properties and good forming properties for an electrically insulating film is preferably used.
  • These high molecular weight polymers include, for example, the following materials, but are not limited thereto: polycarbonates, polyesters, methacrylic resins, acrylic resins, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides, polystyrenes, polyvinylbutyrals, ester-carbonate copolymers, polyvinyl acetates, styrene-butadiene copolymers, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymers, silicone resins, silicone alkyd resins, phenolformaldehyde resins, styrene-alkyd resins, and poly-N-vinylcarbazoles. These binders can be used in the following materials
  • Preferred binder materials include the bisphenol A/bisphenol TMC copolymers described below, medium molecular weight polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylbutyrals, ester-carbonate copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
  • the polyvinyl chloride compounds useful as binders have an average molecular weight (weight average) of from 25,000 to 300,000, preferably from 50,000 to 125,000, most preferably about 80,000.
  • the PVC material may contain a variety of substituents including chlorine, oxirane, acrylonitrile or butyral, although the preferred material is unsubstituted.
  • Polyvinyl chloride materials useful in the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art. Examples of such materials are commercially available as GEON 110X426 from the Geon Company. Similar polyvinyl chlorides are also available from the Union Carbide Corporation.
  • a mixture of the photosensitive dye is formed in the binder material.
  • the amount of photosensitive dye used is that amount which is effective to provide the charge generation function in the photoconductor.
  • This mixture generally contains from 10 parts to 50 parts, preferably from 10 parts to 30 parts, most preferably about 20 parts of the photosensitive dye component and from 50 parts to 90 parts, preferably from 70 parts to 90 parts, most preferably about 80 parts of the binder component.
  • the photosensitive dye/binder mixture is then mixed with a solvent or dispersing medium for further processing.
  • the solvent selected should: (1) be a true solvent for high molecular weight polymers, (2) be non-reactive with all components, and (3) have low toxicity.
  • dispersing media/solvents which may be utilized in the present invention, used either alone or in combination with preferred solvents, include hydrocarbons, such as hexane, benzene, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride, methylene bromide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, chloroform, bromoform, and chlorobenzene; ketones, such as acetone, methylethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; esters, such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; alcohols
  • the preferred solvents for use in the present invention are methylene chloride, cyclohexanone and tetrahydrofuran (THF).
  • the mixtures formed include from 1% to 50%, preferably from 2% to 10%, most preferably about 5% of the photosensitive dye/binder mixture and from 50% to 99%, preferably from 90% to 98%, most preferably about 95% of the solvent/dispersing medium.
  • the entire mixture is then ground, using a conventional grinding mechanism, until the desired dye particle size is reached and is dispersed in the mixture.
  • the organic pigment may be pulverized into fine particles using, for example, a ball mill, homogenizer, paint shaker, sand mill, ultrasonic disperser, attritor or sand grinder.
  • the preferred device is a sand mill grinder.
  • the photosensitive dye has a particle size (after grinding) ranging from submicron (e.g., about 0.01 micron) to about 5 microns, with a particle size of from 0.05 to 0.5 micron being preferred.
  • the mixture may then be "let down" or diluted with additional solvent to about 2-5% solids, providing a viscosity appropriate for coating, for example, by dip coating.
  • the charge generating layer is then coated onto the ground plane member.
  • the dispersion from which the charge generating layer is formed is coated onto the ground plane layer using methods well known in the art including dip coating, spray coating, blade coating or roll coating, and is then dried.
  • the preferred method for use in the present invention is dip coating.
  • the thickness of the charge generating layer formed should preferably be from 0.1 to 2.0 microns, most preferably around 0.5 micron. The thickness of the layer formed will depend upon the percent solids of the dispersion into which the ground plane member is dipped as well as the time and temperature of the dip process.
  • the charge transport layer is then prepared and coated on the ground plane member so as to cover the charge generating layer.
  • the charge transport layer is formed from a solution containing a charge transport molecule in a bisphenol A/bisphenol TMC copolymer binder, coating this solution onto the charge generating layer and drying the coating.
  • charge transport molecules or systems of molecules are well known in the art.
  • a fundamental requirement of these low molecule weight organic compounds is that mobility (positive hole transfer through the layer) must be such that charge can transit the layer in a time that is short compared to the time between exposure and image development.
  • Hole transport occurs through the transfer of charge from states associated with the donor/acceptor functionalities. This can be described as a one-electron oxidation-reduction or donor-acceptor process.
  • Oxidation potential measurements, as well as charge mobility measurements have been used to evaluate the efficacy of charge transport molecules. Examples of such compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,053,303, Sakaguchi, et al., issued October 1, 1991, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Hydrazones useful in the present invention are for example compounds having the following general formula: wherein R 1 , R 8 and R 9 , independently from each other, represent a hydrogen or a lower alkyl, and R 3 and R 4 , independently from each other, represent a lower alkyl or aryl.
  • DEH charge transport molecule
  • the binder used in the charge transport layer of the present invention is a copolymer of bisphenol A and bisphenol TMC.
  • This copolymer has the following structural formula: wherein a and b are such that the weight ratio of bisphenol A to bisphenol TMC is from 30:70 to 70:30, preferably from 35:65 to 65:35, most preferably from 40:60 to 60:40.
  • the molecular weight (weight average) of the polymer is from 10,000 to 100,000, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000, most preferably from 30,000 to 40,000.
  • Bisphenol A polycarbonate (isopropylidene diphenol polycarbonate) has the following structural formula:
  • Bisphenol TMC polycarbonate (3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexylidene diphenol polycarbonate) has the following structural formula:
  • Typical industrial preparation of polycarbonates is accomplished by the reaction of a diphenol with phosgene, COCl 2 .
  • the bisphenol A/bisphenol TMC polycarbonate resins utilized as binders in the present invention can be prepared using the following general reaction scheme:
  • the charge transport layer may also contain certain optional components which are well known in the art, used at their art established levels.
  • such components include silicone additives to improve the flow of the layer as it coats the photoconductor surface (e.g., low molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane materials), and room light protectors (such as Acetosol yellow dye).
  • silicone additives to improve the flow of the layer as it coats the photoconductor surface
  • room light protectors such as Acetosol yellow dye
  • other known binders may be included in minor amounts.
  • the mixture of charge transport molecule(s) and binder having a composition of from 30% to 70%, preferably from 30% to 50%, most preferably 35% to 45% of the charge transport molecule(s) and from 30% to 70%, preferably from 50% to 70%, most preferably from 55% to 65% of the binder, is then formulated.
  • the amount of charge transport molecule utilized is that amount which is effective to perform the charge transport function in the photoconductor.
  • the binders used both in the charge transport and charge generating layers are used in an amount effective to perform their binder function.
  • This mixture is added to a solvent, such as those discussed above for use in forming the charge generation layer.
  • Preferred solvents are THF, cyclohexanone and methylene chloride.
  • the solution contain from 10% to 40%, preferably 25% of the binder/transport molecule mixture and from 60% to 90%, preferably 75% of the solvent.
  • the charge transport layer is then coated onto the charge generating layer and the ground plane member using any of the conventional coating techniques discussed above. Dip coating is preferred.
  • the thickness of the charge transport layer is generally from 10 to 25 microns, preferably from 20 to 25 microns.
  • the percentage solids in the solution, viscosity, the temperature of the solution, and the withdrawal speed control the thickness of the transport layer.
  • the layer is usually heat dried for from 10 to 100 minutes, preferably 30 to 60 minutes at a temperature of from 60°C to about 160°C, preferably 100°C.
  • an undercoat layer may be placed between the ground plane member (substrate) and the charge generating layer. This is essentially a primer layer which covers over any imperfections in the substrate layer and improves the uniformity of the thin charge generation layer formed. Materials which may be used to form this undercoat layer include epoxy, polyamide and polyurethane. It is also possible to place an overcoat layer (i.e., a surface protecting layer) on top of the charge transport layer. This protects the charge transport layer from wear and abrasion during the printing process. Materials which may be used to form this overcoat layer include polyurethane, phenolic, polyamide and epoxy resins. These structures are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a two layer photoconductor drum of the present invention is made in the following manner.
  • a representative charge generating layer formulation is prepared as follows: 8.99g medium molecular weight polyvinyl chloride (Geon 110X426, available from Geon Company) is dissolved in 213.56g THF. 2.25g X-form H 2 (pc) ["metal free” phthalocyanine, Zeneca Colours] is added to this solution along with 2 mm glass beads, and milled for 24 hours on a Red Devil paint shaker. After the initial milling, 126.44g additional THF is added to let down the formulation, followed by milling for an additional 30 minutes. This formulation is coated onto a 40 mm anodized aluminum core to produce the charge generating layer.
  • the optical density of the layer is about 1.39 (optical densities measured with a Macbeth TR524 densitometer); when the coat speed is 2.7 feet/minute, the optical density of the layer is about 1.77.
  • the coating thickness of the charge generating layer can also be measured by weight. Following coating of the formulation, the charge generating layer is dried for 1 hour at 100°C.
  • a representative charge transport formulation is prepared as follows: 36.55g Apec DP9-9203 polycarbonate resin and 3.33g Vitel 2200 polyester (commercially available from Goodyear Chemicals) are added by portions to 250 ml THF with stirring until the polymers are completely dissolved. Then, 26.95g DEH (hole transport material, commercially available from Eastman Chemical), 0.488 Acetosol 5 GLS (room light absorber, commercially available from Sandoz Chemical), and 2.5 drops DC-200 silicone oil (surfactant, commercially available from Dow Corning) are added to the solution.
  • the resulting transport formulation is coated on top of the charge generating layer by dip coating. When a coating speed of 1.5 feet/minute is used, a coating thickness between about 15 and 18 microns is obtained. After coating, the transport layer is dried for one hour at 100°C.
  • the formulated photoconductor When used with a liquid toner, the formulated photoconductor exhibits excellent and superior cycling stability and minimal leaching of the DEH transport molecule, in comparison with photoconductors utilizing transport layer binder resins composed solely of bisphenol-A polycarbonates.
  • the electrophotoconductive member produced also has a relatively high glass transition temperature.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Utilisation d'une reproduction électrophotographique avec un révélateur liquide d'un élément photoconducteur qui comprend une couche de transport de charges qui contient 30% à 70% en poids d'une molécule de transport de charges de phénylhydrazone et 30% à 70% en poids d'une résine de liaison qui est un copolycarbonate de bisphénol A et de bisphénol TMC (3,3,5-triméthyl-cyclohexylidène diphénol) qui a un rapport en poids du bisphénol A au bisphénol TMC compris entre 30:70 et 70:30 et un poids moléculaire de polymère de 10.000 à 100.000.
  2. Utilisation suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle la couche de transport de charges contient de 30% à 50% de la molécule de transport de charges et de 50% à 70% de la résine de liaison.
  3. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la résine de liaison a un rapport en poids du bisphénol A au bisphénol TMC de 35:65 à 65:35 et un poids moléculaire de polymère de 20.000 à 50.000.
  4. Utilisation suivant la revendication 3, dans laquelle la résine de liaison a un rapport pondéral du bisphénol A au bisphénol TMC compris entre 40:60 et 60:40.
  5. Utilisation suivant la revendication 4, dans laquelle la résine de liaison a un poids moléculaire de polymère compris entre 30.000 et 40.000.
  6. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la molécule de transport de charges est la p-diéthylaminobenzaldéhyde-N,N-diphénylhydrazone (DEH).
  7. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la couche de transport de charges a une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 25 µm.
  8. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'élément photoconducteur comprend :
    (a) un élément à surface unie mis à la terre ;
    (b) une couche de génération de charges portée par ledit élément à surface unie mis à la terre comprenant une quantité efficace d'un colorant photosensible dispersé dans un liant ; et
    (c) une couche de transfert de charges suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
EP96306948A 1995-10-06 1996-09-24 Photoconducteur électrophotographique utilisable avec des révélateurs liquides Expired - Lifetime EP0767411B1 (fr)

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US54012295A 1995-10-06 1995-10-06
US540122 1995-10-06

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EP0767411B1 true EP0767411B1 (fr) 2001-03-21

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DE (1) DE69612160D1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LT4555B (lt) 1997-10-06 1999-10-25 Uab "Ciklonas" Organinis elektrofotografinis fotoreceptorius, skirtas darbui su skystais ryškalais ir jo gamybos būdas
US6544702B1 (en) * 1999-01-27 2003-04-08 Lexmark International, Inc. Charge transport layers comprising hydrazones and photoconductors including the same
EP1291723B1 (fr) * 2001-09-06 2011-03-16 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Photoreceptrice électrophotographique, méthode et appareil de formation d'images, cassette de traitement
JP5834496B2 (ja) 2010-05-31 2015-12-24 三菱化学株式会社 電子写真感光体及び画像形成装置
US8697321B2 (en) 2010-05-31 2014-04-15 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image-forming apparatus, and electrophotographic cartridge
US8709689B2 (en) * 2011-08-26 2014-04-29 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image-forming apparatus, and electrophotographic cartridge
CN105307868B (zh) 2013-07-31 2018-06-01 惠普发展公司，有限责任合伙企业 涂布光电导基材
KR101629093B1 (ko) * 2013-10-16 2016-06-09 주식회사 엘지화학 합성물질, 이를 포함하는 폴리카보네이트 수지 및 이로부터 제조된 성형품

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4081274A (en) * 1976-11-01 1978-03-28 Xerox Corporation Composite layered photoreceptor
WO1993024861A1 (fr) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-09 Agfa-Gevaert Naamloze Vennootschap Materiau d'enregistrement photoconducteur avec un systeme liant reticule
GB2269677B (en) * 1992-08-06 1996-04-24 Lexmark Int Inc Layered organic photoconductive materials

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EP0767411A1 (fr) 1997-04-09
JPH09171263A (ja) 1997-06-30
DE69612160D1 (de) 2001-04-26

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