EP0764761B1 - Tunnel boring machine - Google Patents

Tunnel boring machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0764761B1
EP0764761B1 EP96114882A EP96114882A EP0764761B1 EP 0764761 B1 EP0764761 B1 EP 0764761B1 EP 96114882 A EP96114882 A EP 96114882A EP 96114882 A EP96114882 A EP 96114882A EP 0764761 B1 EP0764761 B1 EP 0764761B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
conveyor
tunnel
region
compressed air
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EP96114882A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0764761A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Leipe
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Mhwirth GmbH
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Wirth Maschinen und Bohrgeraete Fabrik GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • E21D9/13—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms using hydraulic or pneumatic conveying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
    • E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunnel boring machine the type corresponding to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is based, also in Cases of penetrating groundwater, the drilling material with only one to be able to discharge a small amount of water.
  • the conveyor is usually up to the discharge facility filled with water.
  • the invention offers the rising end section of the conveyor the possibility within the conveyor maintain a water level above which there is only compressed air.
  • the drilling material on or in the Conveyor device emerges from the water level Water and loses the water it carries, which flows back into the water level. That in the Drilling material entering the lock is still wet and drags but no more large amounts of water, so that the pollution of the following funding institutions Sludge-like or mud-like cuttings are essential is reduced.
  • the "rising end section" of the conveyor can in particular reproduced in claim 2 Be realized in such a way, that is, the conveyor two individual conveyors connected in series of which the second begins below the first. This creates the constructive prerequisites for training a siphon and the training of a sufficient one Housing height of the second conveyor in the relatively narrow Improved tunnel profile.
  • the sponsors come for the funding of a material such as well-known constructions from tunnel construction into consideration, but in particular a belt conveyor for the first conveyor and a scraper conveyor for the rising second sponsor.
  • the formation of the siphon is according to Claim 3 useful.
  • the top of the case of the second conveyor runs relatively close to the second Conveyor, so that at the transition to the housing part of the first Conveyor the siphon point can be easily formed.
  • the device for discharging the drilling material can according to claim 4 comprise a double lock.
  • Claim 5 gives a recommended dimensioning of Case height, i.e. the difference between the siphon point and the highest point of the bottom of the case in the area of the lock.
  • the water level must be in the area this case height remain. If it falls under the siphon mirror, the compressed air can go a rising path directly take and blow in through the housing of the first conveyor the area of the drill head. The water level rises to above the highest point of the bottom of the case of the second conveyor, the water flows into the Lock and arrives at the conveying device, what should be avoided right now. Larger amounts of compressed air can easily with tolerance of about 0.1 bar can be controlled.
  • Corresponds to 0.1 bar a height of a water column of 1 m. At least one height of 2 m must be in the area of the rising end section the conveyor as scope for the water level be available.
  • the invention is also embodied in an operating method according to claim 6, in which the water level held in the mentioned rising end area becomes.
  • the tunnel boring machine according to the invention enables but also another mode of operation without changes, which is set out in claim 7. If only in mountain areas with not too large groundwater and relatively dense rock formations the pressure in the rising End area is increased more, so can this way the groundwater from the area of the first Conveyor and the drill head completely displaced and in that mountains are pushed back far enough so that the Drill head not under water, but only under a certain one Air pressure can work, which offers advantages.
  • the tunnel boring machine designated as a whole by 100 is used to drive up a tunnel 1 in a mountain range 2. Of the tunnel boring machine 100, only those are for the invention important components reproduced.
  • the face of the village 3 adjacent front part of the tunnel boring machine 100 has an axis A that is essentially center-line M of the tunnel 1 matches, the latter does not have to be straight, but also runs in a curve can.
  • disc-shaped drill head 10 rotatable about the axis A. stored, on its side facing the face 3 with drilling tools 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of suitable type and arrangement is equipped that shred the mountains.
  • the Drill head 10 faces backwards, i.e. from the face 3 extending against the direction of advance Bearing approach 16 on which it is in the machine housing 20 is stored.
  • a collecting device 17 provided for the drilling material into which the loosened drilling material either falls directly into it or with a kind Shovel 18 picks up from the bottom of the tunnel 1.
  • the collection facility 17 discharges the drilling material into a funnel 19, from which the drilling material 3 in the indicated by the points Way to the feed area 31 of a first conveyor 30 falls in the form of a horizontal conveyor belt.
  • the machine housing 20 is with one as a whole 6 designated shield arrangement on the inner circumference of the tunnel 1 supported.
  • this shield arrangement is through a transverse wall 27 a pressure bulkhead 21 is formed, which of the Pass through bearing boss 16 against the direction of advance is.
  • the outer circumference is sealed by seals 22 of the bearing approach 16 compared to that for the Reaching through the bearing shoulder 16 in the transverse wall 27 left opening.
  • the drive of the drill head 10 around Axis A is done by means of a hydraulic motor 23.
  • An entrance to the area on the face side behind the transverse wall 27 is possible via locks 24, 25, 26.
  • segment setting device 4 Immediately behind the front part of the tunnel boring machine a segment setting device 4 is provided, the segments 5 indicated by elongated rectangles to support the previously drilled tunnel wall.
  • the first conveyor 30 throws the drilling material B at his Dispensing end 32 onto the feeding area 41 of a second one Conveyor 40 from.
  • the task area 41 lies accordingly with a distance below the delivery end 32.
  • the second conveyor 40 is a substantially rectilinear diagonally upwards through a passage of the segment setting device 4 passing scraper conveyor that the Drilling material B at its discharge end 42 at the top into a as a whole sheds 50 double lock.
  • the double lock 50 comprises a first lock 51 with a vertical, located below the discharge end 42 Storage slot 52, which is at the lower end by a suspended, partially cylindrical locking slide 53 is lockable.
  • the drilling material B collects in the the drawing apparent way on the slide 53 up to a certain amount in a kind of temporary storage on.
  • the slide valve 53 can its pivot axis 54 are shifted to a position 53 ', in which he has the cross section of the storage shaft 52nd releases, so that the accumulated drillings B in one Storage slot 56 of an underlying second lock 55 falls, which in turn by a slide gate 57 is closed, hanging about an axis 58 is pivotally mounted and reproduced from the solid Locked position 57 in the dashed line Open position 57 'can be brought. That on the Locking slide 57 dropped drillings falls open slide valve 57 on the loading area 71 a subsequent conveyor 70, which is the drilling material B. the tunnel boring machine 100 to the rear for removal through the already opened tunnel.
  • the entire conveyor line from the collection facility 17 to the lock 50 is of a pressure-tight housing 60 surround, which is a first, the first conveyor 30 enclosing housing part 61, one of which in the Drawing right end going vertically downwards outgoing shaft 62 and a second conveyor 40 surrounding rising housing part 63 includes, which in the Double lock 50 merges.
  • the housing part 61 passes through the transverse wall 27 and extends below the funnel 19, wherein the housing part 61 and the transverse wall 21 are pressure-tight are interconnected.
  • the double lock 50 is also pressure-tight.
  • the slide valve 53 shifts within a pressure-tight housing part 59 and can be inside the same can be opened without the in the housing part 63 prevailing pressure blows out, provided the slide valve 57 is closed.
  • the housing part 63 forms a on its top lowest point 64 with a level 65. Furthermore, that forms Housing part 63 has a highest point 66 on its underside with a level 67. The level difference is denoted by h.
  • Compressed air can now be pressed in through a connection 68 in the upper region of the housing part 63, which presses the water level S p back through the housing part 63, as can be seen from the drawing. How far the water level S P is pushed back at a certain pressure of the compressed air depends on the back pressure of the groundwater in the area 0. At a certain air pressure, an equilibrium is established.
  • the second conveyor 40 forms a siphon, the lowest point 64 of which is located at level 65. If the water level S p falls below the level 65, the compressed air above the water level can escape directly up to range 0 and blow off unused and undesirably. 65 is the lower limit of the permissible height of the water level S p during normal operation.
  • the drilling material B is now conveyed on the second conveyor 40 during operation, its upper run carrying the drilling material B emerges from the water level S p and loses the water which is carried along and which flows back into the amount of water under the mirror S p .
  • the drill material B freed in this way from the large amounts of water is discharged at the discharge end 52 in the manner indicated in the first lock 51 onto the slide slide 53. If a sufficient amount has accumulated there, the amount of drilling material will fall down on the slide slide 57 when the slide slide 53 is brought into position 53 '. Since the slide valve 57 is tight, no significant amount of air escapes to the outside.
  • the closing slide 53 is closed again and then the closing slide 57 is opened, which unloads the quantity of drilling material onto the further conveyor 70. In this way, a drill good reaches this further conveyor 70 without excessive water admixture.
  • a prerequisite for this is that the water level S P is kept within the housing height h. This is done by appropriately dimensioning the pressure at port 68.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The boring head (10) of this tunnelling machine (100) cuts the entire tunnel cross section, turning on axis (A) of the machine body (20), coincident with the tunnel axis M. The boring head is forced to advance against the face (3). Behind the head lies a bulkhead (21) and rotary seal (22) pressurised with compressed air, holding back groundwater penetrating the face. Through the pressure bulkhead penetrates a conveyor carrying cuttings (B) rearward from the boring head, enclosed by a pressure tight casing (60). At the far delivery end (42) of the conveyor, a unit (50) locks-out the cuttings into the non-pressurised area behind the bulkhead. In this novel machine, in a siphonic section (40, 42), compressed air matches the pressure of penetrating groundwater. Also claimed is the method of operation, in which the air pressure is controlled to maintain the water level (Sp) within this end section.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Tunnelbohrmaschine der dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 entsprechenden Art.The invention relates to a tunnel boring machine the type corresponding to the preamble of claim 1.

Nächstliegender Stand der Technik wird in der WO-A-9222732 gesehen.The closest prior art is seen in WO-A-9222732.

Derartige Tunnelbohrmaschinen sind bekannt. Das Prinzip, das andringende Grundwasser im Arbeitsbereich einer Tunnelbohrmaschine durch Druckluft zurückzudrücken, ist auch in dem Buch von Günter Kühn "Der maschinelle Tiefbau" Verlag B.G. Teubner Stuttgart (1992), Seite 355 beschrieben.Such tunnel boring machines are known. The principle, the penetrating groundwater in the work area of a Pushing back the tunnel boring machine with compressed air is also in Günter Kühn's book "Mechanical underground engineering" B.G. Teubner Stuttgart (1992), page 355.

Bei den bekannten Tunnelbohrmaschinen der in Rede stehenden Art läßt es sich insbesondere bei stärkerem Grundwasserandrang nicht vermeiden, daß das ausgeschleuste Material eine Mischung aus Grundwasser und Bohrgut, also eine Art Schlempe oder Schlamm bildet, die auf den ausfördernden Förderbändern zu starken, den Betrieb behindernden Verschmutzungen führt.In the known tunnel boring machines in question standing type it can be especially with stronger Groundwater rush should not avoid that the discharged Material a mixture of groundwater and drillings, so a kind of mash or mud that forms on the conveying Conveyor belts too strong, hindering the operation Contamination.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, auch in Fällen andringenden Grundwassers das Bohrgut mit nur einem geringen Wasseranteil ausschleusen zu können.The invention is based, also in Cases of penetrating groundwater, the drilling material with only one to be able to discharge a small amount of water.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in Anspruch 1 wiedergegebene Erfindung gelöst. This object is represented by the one in claim 1 Invention solved.

Wenn viel Grundwasser andringt, ist die Fördereinrichtung normalerweise bis zu der Einrichtung zum Ausschleusen des Bohrguts mit Wasser gefüllt. Bei der Erfindung bietet der ansteigende Endabschnitt der Fördereinrichtung die Möglichkeit, innerhalb der Fördereinrichtung einen Wasserspiegel aufrechtzuerhalten, oberhalb dessen sich nur Druckluft befindet. Das Bohrgut auf oder in der Fördereinrichtung taucht an dem Wasserspiegel aus dem Wasser auf und verliert das mit ihm transportierte Wasser, welches in den Wasserspiegel zurückströmt. Das in die Schleuse gelangende Bohrgut ist zwar noch naß, schleppt aber keine großen Mengen Wasser mehr mit, so daß die Verschmutzung der nachfolgenden Fördereinrichtungen durch schlempen- oder schlammartige Bohrgutmasse wesentlich vermindert ist.If a lot of groundwater penetrates, the conveyor is usually up to the discharge facility filled with water. In the invention offers the rising end section of the conveyor the possibility within the conveyor maintain a water level above which there is only compressed air. The drilling material on or in the Conveyor device emerges from the water level Water and loses the water it carries, which flows back into the water level. That in the Drilling material entering the lock is still wet and drags but no more large amounts of water, so that the pollution of the following funding institutions Sludge-like or mud-like cuttings are essential is reduced.

Es muß dafür gesorgt sein, daß der ansteigende Endabschnitt einen Siphon bildet. Damit soll gemeint sein, daß die über dem Wasserspiegel in dem Endabschnitt anstehende Druckluft keine Gelegenheit haben darf, unmittelbar auf einem steigenden Weg zu entweichen, sei dieser nun mit Wasser gefüllt oder nicht. Es muß vielmehr für das in dem ansteigenden Endabschnitt befindliche Wasser eine tiefste Stelle vorhanden sein, die von der Luft überwunden werden müßte, wenn sie zum Bereich des Bohrkopfes hin entweichen wollte. Die Luftblasen bewegen sich aber im Wasser nicht nach unten, so daß die Druckluft in dem Bereich oberhalb des Wasserspiegels verbleibt. Ein Vorteil besteht auch darin, daß die benötigte Druckluftmenge auf diese Weise in Grenzen bleibt.It must be ensured that the rising end section forms a siphon. This is supposed to mean that the pending above the water level in the end section Compressed air shouldn't have an opportunity immediately to escape on a rising path, be it now Water filled or not. Rather, it must be for that in the rising end section water is a deepest Place to be overcome by the air would have to if they escape to the area of the drill head wanted to. The air bubbles do not move in the water down so that the compressed air in the area above of the water level remains. There is also an advantage in that the amount of compressed air required in this way Limits remain.

Der "ansteigende Endabschnitt" der Fördereinrichtung kann insbesondere in der in Anspruch 2 wiedergegebenen Weise verwirklicht werden, wonach also die Fördereinrichtung zwei hintereinandergeschaltete einzelne Förderer umfaßt, von denen der zweite unterhalb des ersten anfängt. Dadurch werden die konstruktiven Voraussetzungen der Ausbildung eines Siphons und der Ausbildung einer ausreichenden Gehäusehöhe des zweiten Förderers in dem relativ engen Tunnelprofil verbessert.The "rising end section" of the conveyor can in particular reproduced in claim 2 Be realized in such a way, that is, the conveyor two individual conveyors connected in series of which the second begins below the first. This creates the constructive prerequisites for training a siphon and the training of a sufficient one Housing height of the second conveyor in the relatively narrow Improved tunnel profile.

Als Förderer kommen die für die Förderung eines Materials wie Bohrgut aus dem Tunnelbau bekannten Konstruktionen in Betracht, insbesondere jedoch ein Bandförderer für den ersten Förderer und ein Kratzförderer für den ansteigenden zweiten Förderer.The sponsors come for the funding of a material such as well-known constructions from tunnel construction into consideration, but in particular a belt conveyor for the first conveyor and a scraper conveyor for the rising second sponsor.

Zur Bildung des Siphons ist die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 3 zweckmäßig. Die Oberseite des Gehäuses des zweiten Förderers verläuft relativ dicht über dem zweiten Förderer, so daß am Übergang zu dem Gehäuseteil des ersten Förderers die Siphonstelle leicht gebildet werden kann.The formation of the siphon is according to Claim 3 useful. The top of the case of the second conveyor runs relatively close to the second Conveyor, so that at the transition to the housing part of the first Conveyor the siphon point can be easily formed.

Die Einrichtung zum Ausschleusen des Bohrguts kann gemäß Anspruch 4 eine Doppelschleuse umfassen.The device for discharging the drilling material can according to claim 4 comprise a double lock.

Anspruch 5 gibt eine empfehlenswerte Bemessung der Gehäusehöhe an, d.h. der Differenz zwischen der Siphonstelle und der höchsten Stelle der Unterseite des Gehäuses im Bereich der Schleuse. Der Wasserspiegel muß im Bereich dieser Gehäusehöhe verbleiben. Fällt er unter den Siphonspiegel, kann die Druckluft direkt einen steigenden Weg nehmen und bläst durch das Gehäuse des ersten Förderers in den Bereich des Bohrkopfes ab. Steigt der Wasserspiegel bis oberhalb der höchsten Stelle der Unterseite des Gehäuses des zweiten Förderers, so strömt das Wasser in die Schleuse und gelangt auf die weiterfördernde Fördereinrichtung, was gerade vermieden werden soll. Größere Druckluftmengen können ohne größeren Aufwand mit einer Toleranz von etwa 0,1 bar gesteuert werden. 0,1 bar entspricht einer Höhe einer Wassersäule von 1 m. Mindestens eine Höhe von 2 m muß also in dem Bereich des ansteigenden Endabschnitts der Fördereinrichtung als Spielraum für den Wasserspiegel zur Verfügung stehen.Claim 5 gives a recommended dimensioning of Case height, i.e. the difference between the siphon point and the highest point of the bottom of the case in the area of the lock. The water level must be in the area this case height remain. If it falls under the siphon mirror, the compressed air can go a rising path directly take and blow in through the housing of the first conveyor the area of the drill head. The water level rises to above the highest point of the bottom of the case of the second conveyor, the water flows into the Lock and arrives at the conveying device, what should be avoided right now. Larger amounts of compressed air can easily with tolerance of about 0.1 bar can be controlled. Corresponds to 0.1 bar a height of a water column of 1 m. At least one height of 2 m must be in the area of the rising end section the conveyor as scope for the water level be available.

Die Erfindung verkörpert sich auch in einem Betriebsverfahren nach Anspruch 6, bei welchem also der Wasserspiegel in dem erwähnten ansteigenden Endbereich gehalten wird.The invention is also embodied in an operating method according to claim 6, in which the water level held in the mentioned rising end area becomes.

Die erfindungsgemäße Tunnelbohrmaschine ermöglicht aber ohne Änderungen auch noch eine weitere Betriebsweise, die in Anspruch 7 festgehalten ist. Wenn nämlich in Gebirgsbereichen mit nicht zu großem Grundwasserandrang und relativ dichten Gesteinsformationen der Druck in dem ansteigenden Endbereich stärker erhöht wird, so kann auf diese Weise das Grundwasser aus dem Bereich des ersten Förderers und des Bohrkopfes ganz verdrängt und in das Gebirge ausreichend weit zurückgedrängt werden, so daß der Bohrkopf nicht unter Wasser, sondern nur unter einem gewissen Luftüberdruck arbeiten kann, was Vorteile bietet.The tunnel boring machine according to the invention enables but also another mode of operation without changes, which is set out in claim 7. If only in mountain areas with not too large groundwater and relatively dense rock formations the pressure in the rising End area is increased more, so can this way the groundwater from the area of the first Conveyor and the drill head completely displaced and in that Mountains are pushed back far enough so that the Drill head not under water, but only under a certain one Air pressure can work, which offers advantages.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment of the Invention shown.

Sie zeigt einen durch die Tunnelachse gehenden Längsschnitt durch den vorderen Teil einer im Tunnel arbeitenden Tunnelbohrmaschine.It shows a longitudinal section through the tunnel axis through the front part of a working in the tunnel Tunnel boring machine.

Die als Ganzes mit 100 bezeichnete Tunnelbohrmaschine dient zum Auffahren eines Tunnels 1 in einem Gebirge 2. Von der Tunnelbohrmaschine 100 sind nur die für die Erfindung wichtigen Komponenten wiedergegeben. Der der Ortsbrust 3 benachbarte vordere Teil der Tunnelbohrmaschine 100 hat eine Achse A, die im wesentlichen mit der Mittellinie M des Tunnels 1 übereinstimmt, wobei die letztere nicht gerade sein muß, sondern auch im Bogen verlaufen kann.The tunnel boring machine designated as a whole by 100 is used to drive up a tunnel 1 in a mountain range 2. Of the tunnel boring machine 100, only those are for the invention important components reproduced. The face of the village 3 adjacent front part of the tunnel boring machine 100 has an axis A that is essentially center-line M of the tunnel 1 matches, the latter does not have to be straight, but also runs in a curve can.

In dem Maschinenkörper 20 der Tunnelbohrmaschine 100 ist ein das Tunnelprofil senkrecht zu der Achse M bestimmender scheibenförmiger Bohrkopf 10 um die Achse A drehbar gelagert, der auf seiner der Ortsbrust 3 zugewandten Seite mit Bohrwerkzeugen 11,12,13,14,15 geeigneter Art und Anordnung bestückt ist, die das Gebirge zerkleinern. Der Bohrkopf 10 weist einen nach hinten, d.h. von der Ortsbrust 3 hinweg entgegen der Vortriebsrichtung sich erstreckenden Lageransatz 16 auf, an welchem er in dem Maschinengehäuse 20 gelagert ist. Unmittelbar hinter dem eigentlichen Bohrkopf 10 ist eine Auffangeinrichtung 17 für das Bohrgut vorgesehen, in die das gelöste Bohrgut entweder unmittelbar hineinfällt oder die es mit einer Art Schaufel 18 vom Boden des Tunnels 1 aufnimmt. Die Sammeleinrichtung 17 gibt das Bohrgut in einen Trichter 19 ab, aus dem das Bohrgut 3 in der durch die Punkte angedeuteten Weise auf den Aufgabebereich 31 eines ersten Förderers 30 in Gestalt eines horizontalen Förderbandes herabfällt.In the machine body 20 of the tunnel boring machine 100 is a determining the tunnel profile perpendicular to the axis M. disc-shaped drill head 10 rotatable about the axis A. stored, on its side facing the face 3 with drilling tools 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of suitable type and arrangement is equipped that shred the mountains. The Drill head 10 faces backwards, i.e. from the face 3 extending against the direction of advance Bearing approach 16 on which it is in the machine housing 20 is stored. Immediately behind the The actual drill head 10 is a collecting device 17 provided for the drilling material into which the loosened drilling material either falls directly into it or with a kind Shovel 18 picks up from the bottom of the tunnel 1. The collection facility 17 discharges the drilling material into a funnel 19, from which the drilling material 3 in the indicated by the points Way to the feed area 31 of a first conveyor 30 falls in the form of a horizontal conveyor belt.

Das Maschinengehäuse 20 ist über eine als Ganzes mit 6 bezeichnete Schildanordnung am Innenumfang des Tunnels 1 abgestützt. In dieser Schildanordnung ist durch eine Querwandung 27 ein Druckschott 21 gebildet, welches von dem Lageransatz 16 entgegen der Vortriebsrichtung durchgriffen ist. Durch Dichtungen 22 erfolgt eine Abdichtung des Aussenumfangs des Lageransatzes 16 gegenüber der für den Durchgriff des Lageransatzes 16 in der Querwandung 27 belassenen Öffnung. Der Antrieb des Bohrkopfes 10 um die Achse A geschieht mittels eines Hydromotors 23. Ein Zugang zu dem ortsbrustseitigen Bereich hinter der Querwand 27 ist über Schleusen 24,25,26 möglich.The machine housing 20 is with one as a whole 6 designated shield arrangement on the inner circumference of the tunnel 1 supported. In this shield arrangement is through a transverse wall 27 a pressure bulkhead 21 is formed, which of the Pass through bearing boss 16 against the direction of advance is. The outer circumference is sealed by seals 22 of the bearing approach 16 compared to that for the Reaching through the bearing shoulder 16 in the transverse wall 27 left opening. The drive of the drill head 10 around Axis A is done by means of a hydraulic motor 23. An entrance to the area on the face side behind the transverse wall 27 is possible via locks 24, 25, 26.

Unmittelbar hinter dem vorderen Teil der Tunnelbohrmaschine ist eine Tübbing-Setzeinrichtung 4 vorgesehen, die die durch längliche Rechtecke angedeuteten Tübbinge 5 zur Abstützung der zuvor gebohrten Tunnelwandung setzt.Immediately behind the front part of the tunnel boring machine a segment setting device 4 is provided, the segments 5 indicated by elongated rectangles to support the previously drilled tunnel wall.

Der erste Förderer 30 wirft das Bohrgut B an seinem Abgabeende 32 auf den Aufgabebereich 41 eines zweiten Förderers 40 ab. Der Aufgabebereich 41 liegt dementsprechend mit einem Abstand unterhalb des Abgabeendes 32. Der zweite Förderer 40 ist ein im wesentlichen geradlinig schräg nach oben durch einen Durchlaß der Tübbing-Setzeinrichtung 4 hindurchführender Kratzförderer, der das Bohrgut B an seinem oben gelegenen Abgabeende 42 in eine als Ganzes mit 50 bezeichnete Doppelschleuse abwirft.The first conveyor 30 throws the drilling material B at his Dispensing end 32 onto the feeding area 41 of a second one Conveyor 40 from. The task area 41 lies accordingly with a distance below the delivery end 32. The second conveyor 40 is a substantially rectilinear diagonally upwards through a passage of the segment setting device 4 passing scraper conveyor that the Drilling material B at its discharge end 42 at the top into a as a whole sheds 50 double lock.

Die Doppelschleuse 50 umfaßt eine erste Schleuse 51 mit einem vertikalen, unterhalb des Abgabeendes 42 gelegenen Speicherschacht 52, der am unteren Ende durch einen hängend gelagerten teilzylindrischen Verschlußschieber 53 verschließbar ist. Das Bohrgut B sammelt sich in der aus der Zeichnung ersichtlichen Weise auf dem Verschlußschieber 53 bis zu einer bestimmten Menge in einer Art Zwischenspeicherung an. Der Verschlußschieber 53 kann um seine Schwenkachse 54 in eine Stellung 53' verlagert werden, in der er den Querschnitt des Speicherschachtes 52 freigibt, so daß das darin angesammelte Bohrgut B in einen Speicherschacht 56 einer darunterliegenden zweiten Schleuse 55 herabfällt, die ihrerseits durch einen Verschlußschieber 57 verschlossen ist, der hängend um eine Achse 58 schwenkbar gelagert ist und aus der ausgezogen wiedergegebenen Verschlußstellung 57 in die gestrichelt angedeutete Öffnungsstellung 57' gebracht werden kann. Das auf den Verschlußschieber 57 herabgefallene Bohrgut fällt bei geöffnetem Verschlußschieber 57 auf den Aufgabebereich 71 eines anschließenden Förderers 70, der das Bohrgut B aus der Tunnelbohrmaschine 100 nach hinten heraus zum Abtransport durch den bereits aufgefahrenen Tunnel weiterfördert.The double lock 50 comprises a first lock 51 with a vertical, located below the discharge end 42 Storage slot 52, which is at the lower end by a suspended, partially cylindrical locking slide 53 is lockable. The drilling material B collects in the the drawing apparent way on the slide 53 up to a certain amount in a kind of temporary storage on. The slide valve 53 can its pivot axis 54 are shifted to a position 53 ', in which he has the cross section of the storage shaft 52nd releases, so that the accumulated drillings B in one Storage slot 56 of an underlying second lock 55 falls, which in turn by a slide gate 57 is closed, hanging about an axis 58 is pivotally mounted and reproduced from the solid Locked position 57 in the dashed line Open position 57 'can be brought. That on the Locking slide 57 dropped drillings falls open slide valve 57 on the loading area 71 a subsequent conveyor 70, which is the drilling material B. the tunnel boring machine 100 to the rear for removal through the already opened tunnel.

Die gesamte Förderstrecke von der Sammeleinrichtung 17 bis zu der Schleuse 50 ist von einem druckdichten Gehäuse 60 umgeben, welches einen ersten, den ersten Förderer 30 umhausenden Gehäuseteil 61, einen von dessen in der Zeichnung rechtem Ende ausgehenden vertikal nach unten ausgehenden Schacht 62 sowie einen den zweiten Förderer 40 umgebenden ansteigenden Gehäuseteil 63 umfaßt, der in die Doppelschleuse 50 übergeht. Der Gehäuseteil 61 durchgreift die Querwandung 27 und reicht bis unter den Trichter 19, wobei der Gehäuseteil 61 und die Querwandung 21 druckdicht miteinander verbunden sind.The entire conveyor line from the collection facility 17 to the lock 50 is of a pressure-tight housing 60 surround, which is a first, the first conveyor 30 enclosing housing part 61, one of which in the Drawing right end going vertically downwards outgoing shaft 62 and a second conveyor 40 surrounding rising housing part 63 includes, which in the Double lock 50 merges. The housing part 61 passes through the transverse wall 27 and extends below the funnel 19, wherein the housing part 61 and the transverse wall 21 are pressure-tight are interconnected.

Auch die Doppelschleuse 50 ist druckdicht ausgebildet. Der Verschlußschieber 53 verlagert sich innerhalb eines druckdichten Gehäuseteils 59 und kann innerhalb desselben geöffnet werden, ohne daß der in dem Gehäuseteil 63 herrschende Druck nach außen abbläst, sofern der Verschlußschieber 57 geschlossen ist.The double lock 50 is also pressure-tight. The slide valve 53 shifts within a pressure-tight housing part 59 and can be inside the same can be opened without the in the housing part 63 prevailing pressure blows out, provided the slide valve 57 is closed.

Das Gehäuseteil 63 bildet an seiner Oberseite eine tiefste Stelle 64 mit einem Niveau 65. Ferner bildet das Gehäuseteil 63 an seiner Unterseite eine höchste Stelle 66 mit einem Niveau 67. Der Niveauunterschied ist mit h bezeichnet.The housing part 63 forms a on its top lowest point 64 with a level 65. Furthermore, that forms Housing part 63 has a highest point 66 on its underside with a level 67. The level difference is denoted by h.

Wenn in dem Tunnel 1 im Bereich der Ortsbrust Grundwasser andrängt, füllt sich der durch die Querwandung 27 abgeteilte Bereich des Tunnels 1 mit Wasser, welches durch die Wellenlinien W angedeutet sein soll. Ebenso füllt sich das gesamte Gehäuse 60 bis hin zu der ersten Schleuse 51.If groundwater in tunnel 1 in the area of the working face pushes, fills through the transverse wall 27 partitioned area of the tunnel 1 with water, which through the wavy lines W should be indicated. Fills up as well the entire housing 60 up to the first lock 51.

Es kann nun durch einen Anschluß 68 im oberen Bereich des Gehäuseteils 63 Druckluft eingepreßt werden, die den Wasserspiegel Sp durch den Gehäuseteil 63 zurückdrückt, wie es aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich ist. Wie weit der Wasserspiegel SP bei einem bestimmten Druck der Druckluft zurückgedrückt wird, hängt von dem Gegendruck des Grundwassers in dem Bereich 0 ab. Bei einem bestimmten Luftdruck stellt sich ein Gleichgewicht ein.Compressed air can now be pressed in through a connection 68 in the upper region of the housing part 63, which presses the water level S p back through the housing part 63, as can be seen from the drawing. How far the water level S P is pushed back at a certain pressure of the compressed air depends on the back pressure of the groundwater in the area 0. At a certain air pressure, an equilibrium is established.

Der zweite Förderer 40 bildet einen Siphon, dessen tiefste Stelle 64 auf dem Niveau 65 gelegen ist. Fällt der Wasserspiegel Sp unter das Niveau 65, so kann die Druckluft oberhalb des Wasserspiegels direkt nach oben in den Bereich 0 entweichen und ungenutzt und unerwünscht abblasen. 65 ist also die untere Grenze der im ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb zulässigen Höhe des Wasserspiegels Sp.The second conveyor 40 forms a siphon, the lowest point 64 of which is located at level 65. If the water level S p falls below the level 65, the compressed air above the water level can escape directly up to range 0 and blow off unused and undesirably. 65 is the lower limit of the permissible height of the water level S p during normal operation.

Steigt der Wasserspiegel Sp über das Niveau 67, so strömt Wasser in die erste Schleuse 51 ein und gelangt auf den weiteren Förderer 70, was gerade vermieden werden soll, damit dieser kein schlempen- oder schlammartiges Material transportieren muß. Die zulässige Lage des Wasserspiegels Sp ist also andererseits durch die obere Grenze 67 gekennzeichnet.If the water level S p rises above the level 67, water flows into the first lock 51 and arrives at the further conveyor 70, which is to be avoided right now so that it does not have to transport any slurry or sludge-like material. The permissible position of the water level S p is therefore characterized on the other hand by the upper limit 67.

Große Druckluftmengen lassen sich mit praktikablem Aufwand etwa mit einer Toleranz von 0,1 bar entsprechend 1 m Wassersäule steuern. Wenn also bei einer solchen Genauigkeit der Steuerung ein sicherer Betrieb der Tunnelbohrmaschine 100 möglich sein soll, muß die Niveaudifferenz h mindestens 2 m betragen, denn es muß ja davon ausgegangen werden, daß der Sollwert des Drucks um 0,1 bar nach oben oder unten von dem eingestellten Wert abweicht. Aus diesem Grund ist die relativ steile Anordnung des zweiten Förderers 40 notwendig.Large amounts of compressed air can be Effort with a tolerance of 0.1 bar corresponding to 1 m control water column. So if with such accuracy control a safe operation of the tunnel boring machine 100 should be possible, the level difference h be at least 2 m, because it must be assumed be that the set point of the pressure up 0.1 bar or deviates below the set value. For this The reason is the relatively steep arrangement of the second conveyor 40 necessary.

Wenn nun im Betrieb das Bohrgut B auf dem zweiten Förderer 40 gefördert wird, taucht dessen oberes, das Bohrgut B tragende Trum aus dem Wasserspiegel Sp auf und verliert das mitgeschleppte Wasser, welches in die Wassermenge unter dem Spiegel Sp zurückströmt. Das auf diese Weise von den großen Wasseranteilen befreite Bohrgut B wird an dem Abgabeende 52 in der angedeuteten Weise in die erste Schleuse 51 auf den Verschlußschieber 53 abgegeben. Wenn sich dort eine ausreichende Menge angesammelt hat, wird bei geschlossenem Verschlußschieber 57 die Bohrgutmenge auf diesen herabfallen, wenn der Verschlußschieber 53 in die Stellung 53' gebracht wird. Da der Verschlußschieber 57 dicht ist, entweicht keine wesentliche Luftmenge nach außen. Nach der Abgabe der gespeicherten Bohrgutmenge wird der Verschlußschieber 53 wieder geschlossen und dann der Verschlußschieber 57 geöffnet, der die Bohrgutmenge auf den weiteren Förderer 70 auslädt. Auf diese Weise gelangt ein Bohrgut ohne übermäßige Wasserbeimengung auf diesen weiteren Förderer 70. Voraussetzung dafür ist, daß der Wasserspiegel SP innerhalb der Gehäusehöhe h gehalten wird. Dies geschieht durch entsprechende Bemessung des Drucks an dem Anschluß 68.If the drilling material B is now conveyed on the second conveyor 40 during operation, its upper run carrying the drilling material B emerges from the water level S p and loses the water which is carried along and which flows back into the amount of water under the mirror S p . The drill material B freed in this way from the large amounts of water is discharged at the discharge end 52 in the manner indicated in the first lock 51 onto the slide slide 53. If a sufficient amount has accumulated there, the amount of drilling material will fall down on the slide slide 57 when the slide slide 53 is brought into position 53 '. Since the slide valve 57 is tight, no significant amount of air escapes to the outside. After the stored quantity of drilling material has been released, the closing slide 53 is closed again and then the closing slide 57 is opened, which unloads the quantity of drilling material onto the further conveyor 70. In this way, a drill good reaches this further conveyor 70 without excessive water admixture. A prerequisite for this is that the water level S P is kept within the housing height h. This is done by appropriately dimensioning the pressure at port 68.

Wird dieser Druck erhöht, so kann auch das Wasser ganz aus dem Gehäuse 63 und dem Bereich 0 verdrängt werden. In dem Bereich 0 herrscht dann ein solcher Luftdruck, daß das Grundwasser in dem umgebenden Gestein zurückgehalten wird und in dem Bereich 0 im wesentlichen wasserfrei gearbeitet werden kann. Dies hängt aber von der Menge des andrängenden Grundwassers und auch von der Qualität des anstehenden Gebirges ab.If this pressure is increased, so can the water be completely displaced from the housing 63 and the area 0. Such an air pressure then prevails in area 0, that the groundwater is retained in the surrounding rock becomes and is essentially anhydrous in the region 0 can be worked. But this depends on the amount of approaching groundwater and also on the quality of the upcoming mountains.

Claims (7)

  1. Tunnel boring machine (100),
    with a machine body (20),
    with a boring head (10) rotatable on the machine body (20) about an axis (A) lying substantially on the axis (M) of the tunnel, the working cross section of the boring head corresponding to the profile of the tunnel,
    with means for the urging the boring head (10) against the working face in the direction of advance,
    with a pressure bulkhead (21) lying behind the boring head (10) and sealed against the latter by a rotary seal (22), the bulkhead acting to hold back by the action of compressed air the ground water entering from the working face (3),
    with a conveyor device passing through the bulkhead (21) and extending as far as the region of the boring head (10) for carrying the bored material (B) received at the boring head (10) away to the rear through the pressure bulkhead (21),
    with a housing (60) surrounding the conveyor device in a pressure-tight manner
    and with a device (50) provided at the delivery end (42) of the conveyor device for expelling the bored material (B) through a pressure lock arrangement into the unpressurised space behind the pressure bulkhead (21),
    characterised in that
    the conveyor device has an end portion (40) rising towards the delivery end (42) and forming a siphon, which is capable of being filled with compressed air under a pressure matched to the pressure of the incoming ground water.
  2. Tunnel boring machine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the conveyor device is split into two conveyors (30, 40) mounted in a common pressure-tight housing (60) and the second conveyor (40) has its delivery region (41) spaced away below the delivery end (32) of the first conveyor (30) as well as forming the rising end portion of the conveyor device.
  3. Tunnel boring machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the common pressure-tight housing (60) has a pressed-out deepest point (64) on its upper face in the region of the transition between the conveyors (30, 40).
  4. Tunnel boring machine according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the device (50) for expelling the bored material (B) incorporates a double lock arrangement (51, 55) arranged under the delivery end (42) of the second conveyor (40).
  5. Tunnel boring machine according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the height (h) of the housing in the region of the rising conveyor portion corresponds at least to the pressure tolerance range of the compressed air to be maintained in the region of the second conveyor (40) as a water column in the region of the second conveyor (40).
  6. Method of operating a tunnel boring machine according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the pressure of the compressed air is chosen so that the water level (Sp) is maintained in the region of the rising end portion (40) of the conveyor device.
  7. Method of operating a tunnel boring machine (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the pressure of the compressed air is chosen so that the ground water is forced back in the region of the working face (3) and the area of working of the boring head (10) remains largely free of water.
EP96114882A 1995-09-20 1996-09-17 Tunnel boring machine Expired - Lifetime EP0764761B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19534814 1995-09-20
DE19534814A DE19534814A1 (en) 1995-09-20 1995-09-20 Tunnel boring machine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0764761A1 EP0764761A1 (en) 1997-03-26
EP0764761B1 true EP0764761B1 (en) 2001-04-04

Family

ID=7772616

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EP96114882A Expired - Lifetime EP0764761B1 (en) 1995-09-20 1996-09-17 Tunnel boring machine

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EP (1) EP0764761B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09217589A (en)
AT (1) ATE200337T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19534814A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0764761T3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20010102337A (en) 1999-02-25 2001-11-15 추후제출 Advancing device for boring sections of roadway, tunnels or similar
DE29903426U1 (en) * 1999-02-25 2000-09-14 Wirth Maschinen- und Bohrgerätefabrik GmbH, 41812 Erkelenz Device for driving routes, tunnels or the like.
DE50011858D1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2006-01-19 Herrenknecht Ag Shield tunneling tunnel boring machine
DE10133345A1 (en) 2001-07-12 2003-01-30 Wirth Co Kg Masch Bohr tunnel boring machine
DE10150685B4 (en) 2001-10-17 2007-06-14 Wirth Maschinen- und Bohrgeräte-Fabrik GmbH Workpiece with variable cutting distance of the cutting rollers for a device for driving distances, tunnels or the like
CN103967498B (en) * 2014-04-21 2016-03-23 河海大学 A kind of method of opening the cabin with pressure of shield machine in coarse-grained soil stratum

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3418180C2 (en) * 1984-05-16 1994-12-15 Holzmann Philipp Ag Driving shield
DE3428431A1 (en) * 1984-08-01 1986-02-13 Carl Baas GmbH & Co KG, 8882 Lauingen Apparatus with a driving shoe having an annular housing
DE3445578A1 (en) * 1984-12-14 1986-06-19 Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen Shield tunnelling apparatus
DE3514563A1 (en) * 1985-04-23 1986-10-30 Strabag Bau-AG, 5000 Köln Tunnel-driving machine
DE3623283A1 (en) * 1986-07-10 1988-01-28 Bade & Theelen Gmbh METHOD FOR TUNNEL DRIVING AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
FR2607549B1 (en) * 1986-11-28 1989-02-24 Fives Cail Babcock IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR THE EXCAVATION OF TUNNELS AND GALLERIES
US5203614A (en) * 1991-06-17 1993-04-20 The Robbins Company Tunneling machine having liquid balance low flow slurry system
DE4439865C2 (en) * 1994-11-08 1997-07-31 Alp Westf Berg & Tunneltechnik Conveyor device for a shield tunneling machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE200337T1 (en) 2001-04-15
JPH09217589A (en) 1997-08-19
DE19534814A1 (en) 1997-03-27
DE59606695D1 (en) 2001-05-10
DK0764761T3 (en) 2001-05-07
EP0764761A1 (en) 1997-03-26

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