EP0754768B1 - Furnace for heat treating batches of metal workpieces - Google Patents

Furnace for heat treating batches of metal workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0754768B1
EP0754768B1 EP96710009A EP96710009A EP0754768B1 EP 0754768 B1 EP0754768 B1 EP 0754768B1 EP 96710009 A EP96710009 A EP 96710009A EP 96710009 A EP96710009 A EP 96710009A EP 0754768 B1 EP0754768 B1 EP 0754768B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
chamber
heating chamber
furnace
cooling
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96710009A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0754768A1 (en
Inventor
A. Goetz
W. Peter
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Ipsen International GmbH
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Ipsen International GmbH
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/14Arrangements of heating devices
    • F27B2005/143Heating rods disposed in the chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B2005/161Gas inflow or outflow
    • F27B2005/162Gas inflow or outflow through closable or non-closable openings of the chamber walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B2005/166Means to circulate the atmosphere
    • F27B2005/167Means to circulate the atmosphere the atmosphere being recirculated through the treatment chamber by a turbine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B2005/166Means to circulate the atmosphere
    • F27B2005/167Means to circulate the atmosphere the atmosphere being recirculated through the treatment chamber by a turbine
    • F27B2005/168Means to circulate the atmosphere the atmosphere being recirculated through the treatment chamber by a turbine by more than one turbine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace for the heat treatment of batches of metal Workpieces, especially vacuum furnaces, with a furnace housing and one therein leaving one divided into an outer and an inner chamber Intermediate trained heating chamber, as well as with one within the furnace housing arranged gas cooling device, which over the chambers and in at least two heating chamber walls formed closable openings with the Heating chamber for the supply and removal of cooling gas is connected, the outer, the Chamber surrounding the heating chamber as a pressure chamber of a cooling gas blower and the inner chamber arranged between the heating chamber and the gas cooling device is designed as a suction chamber of the cooling gas blower.
  • Furnaces of the type described above are of various types Embodiments known. From DE utility model 93 11 985
  • a furnace is known in which the in the heating chamber walls trained openings by means of a hatch mechanism or rotatable ring plate can be opened and closed.
  • the cooling gas can enter the heating chamber unhindered, but it points into the Heating chamber penetrating cooling gas jet does not have a large depth of penetration because on the one hand the diameter D of the opening is very large and the nozzle length L is very small. This does not lead to the formation of a real gas jet or only a very short beam.
  • the distance between the opening and the batch is very large, so that the cooling gas jet up resolved to hit the batch.
  • a greater cooling effect of the Gases in such an oven can only be produced by Increase in gas velocity and thus the performance of the Cooling gas blower can be achieved, which in turn is larger and more expensive Blower motors.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above to create a furnace for the heat treatment of batches of metallic workpieces, which allows targeted cooling of the batch arranged in the furnace chamber with a high penetration depth without increasing the cooling gas blower.
  • gas-guiding devices are arranged such that they are adjustable in such a way that they block the cooling gas flow from the pressure chamber to the heating chamber in the upper position lifted from the openings and in the position lowered onto the openings the cooling gas flow from the Shut off the suction chamber towards the heating chamber and that each gas guiding device consists of a box-shaped support frame in which interchangeable gas guide elements can be used.
  • the gas guide consists of a box-shaped support frame, in the interchangeable gas guide elements can be used.
  • This interchangeability the gas guiding elements is particularly advantageous since this retrofits the furnace can be carried out particularly quickly and easily on new batch types can.
  • the Gas guiding element usable as one with nozzles provided plate formed.
  • the nozzles show that the core jet has a high penetration depth a funnel-shaped inflow area.
  • the arrangement of the nozzles in the height-adjustable gas guide device it is thus possible, by the Selection of the nozzle diameter and the distance between the Nozzle outlet and the batch surface the penetration depth of the core jet of the Cooling gas in the batch can be predetermined.
  • the Gas guiding element usable as one with a variety rectifier grid provided with holes is formed.
  • a such rectifier grid is one with a variety of Drilled plate, which is about 90% of the open cross section of the in the opening of the heating chamber wall.
  • the use of a such rectifier grid is made possible by that height-adjustable gas guide first a certain dynamic pressure in the Pressure chamber can be built up so that the rectifier grid incident cooling gas flow through the holes in the rectifier grid without significant speed reductions and flow resistance is evened over the width of the opening.
  • Such inexpensive too Manufacturing rectifier grids are used especially when none large depths of penetration are required.
  • the furnace system shown in Fig. 1 consists essentially of a Furnace housing 1 and two pressure-tight with this furnace housing 1 closable hoods 2, the left hood 2 for receiving a - Not shown - electric drive for a cooling gas blower 3 is used.
  • Inside the furnace housing 1 is an outer chamber 4 Surrounded heating chamber 6 surrounded by heating chamber walls 5 arranged.
  • Heating chamber 6 surrounded by heating chamber walls 5 arranged.
  • Heating elements arranged. Circulating the furnace atmosphere within the Heating chamber 6 takes place in the case of convective heating via a fan 8.
  • Gas cooling device 9 arranged, consisting of the cooling gas blower 3 and a Heat exchanger 10 exists. Starting from the left hood 2 for recording of the electric drive for the cooling gas blower 3 is the outer, the heating chamber 6 surrounding chamber 4 as with the pressure side of the cooling gas blower 3 connected pressure chamber formed while an inner, between the Heating chamber 6 and the gas cooling device 9 formed chamber 11 as with the suction side of the cooling gas blower 3 connected suction chamber is formed.
  • the heating chamber walls 5 have openings 12 which for connecting to the pressure chamber 4 or the suction chamber 11 via hatches 13 can be opened and closed. These hatches 13 are over one Hatch actuation 14, not described in more detail, can be driven.
  • the gas guiding devices 15 each consist of an exemplary embodiment Support frame 16, can be used in the interchangeable gas guide elements 17 are.
  • the gas guiding devices 15 are in the area of Openings 12 arranged that these in the of the openings 12th lifted upper position (shown in Fig. 1 below), the pressure chamber 4th shut off to the heating chamber 6 and lowered into the opening 12 Position (shown in Fig. 1 above) the suction chamber 11 towards the heating chamber 6 cordoned off.
  • the gas guide devices 15 are operated as follows during operation:
  • the heating elements arranged in the heating chamber 6 are switched off and then the cooling gas blower 3 switched on.
  • the cooling gas blower builds up in the pressure chamber 4 to a certain dynamic pressure of the cooling gas.
  • the hatches 13 are opened via the hatch actuations 14, so that a unhindered access to the heating chamber 6 is possible via the openings 12, as shown in Fig. 2b.
  • Gas guiding elements 17 are designed as plates 19 provided with nozzles 18.
  • the use of nozzles 18 as gas guide elements 17 is special Advantageous, since this enables a targeted and a predeterminable penetration depth having cooling gas flow to Charge 7 is possible.
  • the heating chamber 6 In the operating position shown in Fig. 2c, the heating chamber 6 is over the cooling gas flowing in from the pressure chamber 4 is flooded.
  • the hot Furnace gas as well as the heated cooling gas are over the opposite Opening 12 suctioned out to the suction chamber 11, because on this side Gas guide device 15 is in the upper position in which one unimpeded connection between the heating chamber 6 and the suction chamber 11 exists.
  • the cooling gas is cooled back and passes through the Pressure chamber 4 again in the heating chamber 6.

Abstract

The furnace, (pref. a vacuum furnace) has a housing (1) accommodating a heating chamber (6) and an intermediate space divided into outer and inner chambers (4, 11). It is provided with a gas cooling system (9) which is connected with the heating chamber via the chambers (4, 11) and closable openings (12) in the wall (5) of the heating chamber. The chamber (4) serves as a pressure chamber for the cooling gas fan (3), while the chamber (11) serves as a suction chamber for this fan. Axially movable gas delivery units (15) allow the heating chamber to be isolated from the pressure and suction chambers.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ofen zur Wärmebehandlung von Chargen metallischer Werkstücke, insbesondere Vakuumofen, mit einem Ofengehäuse und einer darin unter Freilassung eines in eine äußere und eine innere Kammer unterteilten Zwischenraumes ausgebildeten Heizkammer, sowie mit einer innerhalb des Ofengehäuses angeordneten Gaskühleinrichtung, die über die Kammern und in mindestens zwei Heizkammerwänden ausgebildeten verschließbaren Öffnungen mit der Heizkammer zur Zu- und Abfuhr von Kühlgas verbunden ist, wobei die äußere, die Heizkammer umgebende Kammer als Druckkammer eines Kühlgasgebläses und die innere, zwischen Heizkammer und Gaskühleinrichtung angeordnete Kammer als Saugkammer des Kühlgasgebläses ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to a furnace for the heat treatment of batches of metal Workpieces, especially vacuum furnaces, with a furnace housing and one therein leaving one divided into an outer and an inner chamber Intermediate trained heating chamber, as well as with one within the furnace housing arranged gas cooling device, which over the chambers and in at least two heating chamber walls formed closable openings with the Heating chamber for the supply and removal of cooling gas is connected, the outer, the Chamber surrounding the heating chamber as a pressure chamber of a cooling gas blower and the inner chamber arranged between the heating chamber and the gas cooling device is designed as a suction chamber of the cooling gas blower.

Öfen der voranstehend beschriebenen Art sind in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Aus dem DE-Gebrauchsmuster 93 11 985 ist beispielsweise ein Ofen bekannt, bei dem die in den Heizkammerwänden ausgebildeten Öffnungen mittels einer Lukenmechanik bzw. einer verdrehbaren Ringplatte geöffnet und verschlossen werden können. Über die relativ weit von der abzukühlenden Charge entfernten Öffnungen kann zwar das Kühlgas ungehindert in die Heizkammer eindringen, jedoch weist der in die Heizkammer eindringende Kühlgasstrahl keine große Eindringtiefe auf, da einerseits der Durchmesser D der Öffnung sehr groß und die Düsenlänge L sehr klein ist. Dadurch kommt es nicht zur Ausbildung eines echten Gasstrahls bzw. nur eines sehr kurzen Strahls. Andererseits ist die Entfernung zwischen der Öffnung und der Charge sehr groß ist, so daß sich der Kühlgasstrahl bis zum Auftreffen auf die Charge aufgelöst hat. Eine größere Kühlwirkung des Gases kann bei einem solchermaßen ausgebildeten Ofen nur durch die Erhöhung der Gasgeschwindigkeit und somit der Leistung des Kühlgasgebläses erreicht werden, was wiederum größere und teurere Gebläsemotoren zur Folge hat.Furnaces of the type described above are of various types Embodiments known. From DE utility model 93 11 985 For example, a furnace is known in which the in the heating chamber walls trained openings by means of a hatch mechanism or rotatable ring plate can be opened and closed. About the openings that are relatively far from the batch to be cooled can be the cooling gas can enter the heating chamber unhindered, but it points into the Heating chamber penetrating cooling gas jet does not have a large depth of penetration because on the one hand the diameter D of the opening is very large and the nozzle length L is very small. This does not lead to the formation of a real gas jet or only a very short beam. On the other hand, the distance between the opening and the batch is very large, so that the cooling gas jet up resolved to hit the batch. A greater cooling effect of the Gases in such an oven can only be produced by Increase in gas velocity and thus the performance of the Cooling gas blower can be achieved, which in turn is larger and more expensive Blower motors.

Weiterhin ist es aus der Praxis bekannt, oberhalb der Öffnungen Gaseintrittsdüsen anzuordnen, über welche das Kühlgas in die Heizkammer eingeleitet wird. Diese Düsen sind von der Charge weit entfernt. Um dennoch mit dem Kernstrahl bis in die Charge zu treffen, müssen große Düsendurchmesser gewählt werden, da die Eindringtiefe proportional zum Düsendurchmesser ist. Es wird damit für diese bekannte Anordnung eine hohe Leistung des Kühlgasgebläses benötigt, um vor dem Düseneintritt den erforderlichen hohen Staudruck zu erzeugen.Furthermore, it is known from practice above the openings Arrange gas inlet nozzles through which the cooling gas into the heating chamber is initiated. These nozzles are far from the batch. To still to hit the core jet into the batch must be large Nozzle diameter should be chosen because the depth of penetration is proportional to the Is nozzle diameter. It is a high for this known arrangement Power of the cooling gas blower required to the before the nozzle entry to generate the required high dynamic pressure.

Um ohne Erhöhung der Kühlgasgebläseleistung einen gewissen Staudruck aufbauen zu können, ist es weiterhin aus der Praxis bekannt, im Bereich der Öffnungen in den Heizkammerwänden mit Bohrungen versehene Lochplatten vorzusehen. Dadurch, daß der durch die in den Lochplatten angeordneten Bohrungen verbleibende offene Querschnitt der Öffnungen in den Heizkammerwänden nur noch rund 40 % beträgt, wird bei gleichbleibender Kühlgasgebläseleistung automatisch ein gewisser Staudruck auf der Anströmseite der Lochplatte erzeugt, was die Geschwindigkeitserhöhung der durch die Bohrungen der Lochplatte in die Heizkammer eintretenden Kühlgasstrahlen zur Folge hat. Neben dem hohen Widerstand auf der Anströmseite der Lochplatte ist es bei dieser bekannten Ausbildung nachteilig, daß die in der Lochplatte ausgebildeten Bohrungen keinen Kernstrahl erzeugen, wie er aus der Düsenströmung bekannt ist. Die aus den Bohrungen der Lochplatte austretende Strömung divergiert sehr stark, so daß schon in einer kurzen Entfernung hinter den Bohrungen kein Strahl mehr feststellbar ist.To achieve a certain dynamic pressure without increasing the cooling gas blower output To be able to build, it is still known from practice, in the field of Openings in the heating chamber walls with perforated plates to provide. In that the arranged in the perforated plates Open cross-section of the openings remaining in the holes Heating chamber walls is only around 40%, remains the same Cooling gas blower output automatically a certain dynamic pressure on the On the upstream side of the perforated plate, which increases the speed of the entering the heating chamber through the holes in the perforated plate Resulting in cooling gas jets. In addition to the high resistance on the The upstream side of the perforated plate is disadvantageous in this known design, that the holes formed in the perforated plate have no core jet generate as it is known from the nozzle flow. The from the holes the flow exiting the perforated plate diverges very strongly, so that already in a short distance behind the holes, no more rays can be detected.

Nachteilig ist bei diesen Öfen mit Wechselkühlung von oben nach unten (und umgekehrt) weiterhin, daß das Gas beim Verlassen des Chargenraumes nicht frei abströmen kann, da es noch einmal den Widerstand einer Lochplatte zu überwinden hat. Dafür ist es erforderlich, erneut eine höhere Gebläseleistung aufzuwenden.The disadvantage of these ovens with alternating cooling from top to bottom (and vice versa) further that the gas does not leave the batch area can flow freely since it once again increases the resistance of a perforated plate has overcome. For this it is necessary to again have a higher blower output to spend.

Zur Vermeidung des Strömungswiderstands beim Verlassen des Chargenraums ist;es aus der DE-A-32 15 509 bekannt, in der Heizkammerwand Längsspalte auszubilden, die zum Absaugen des Gases weit geöffnet werden können, so daß das Gas im wesentlichen ohne hohen Strömungswiderstand den Chargenraum verlassen kann. Auch dieser bekannte Ofen weißt jedoch die Nachteile des hohen Widerstands an der Lochplatte auf der Anströmseite sowie des fehlenden Kernstrahls zum Abkühlen der Charge auf.To avoid flow resistance when leaving the batch area it is known from DE-A-32 15 509 to form longitudinal gaps in the heating chamber wall, which can be opened wide to extract the gas, so that the Gas leave the batch space essentially without high flow resistance can. However, this known furnace also knows the disadvantages of the high resistance on the perforated plate on the upstream side and the missing core jet to cool down the batch.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, unter Meidung der voranstehend genannten Nachteile einen Ofen zur Wärmebehandlung von Chargen metallischer Werkstücke zu schaffen, der ohne Erhöhung der Kühlgasgebläseleistung eine gezielte Abkühlung der in der Ofenkammer angeordneten Charge mit hoher Eindringtiefe ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above to create a furnace for the heat treatment of batches of metallic workpieces, which allows targeted cooling of the batch arranged in the furnace chamber with a high penetration depth without increasing the cooling gas blower.

Die technische Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der Öffnungen Gasleiteinrichtungen höhenverstellbar so angeordnet sind, daß diese in der von den Öffnungen abgehobenen oberen Position die Kühlgasströmungvon der Druckkammer zur Heizkammer hin absperren und in der auf die Öffnungen abgesenkten Position die Kühlgasströmung von der Saugkammer zur Heizkammer hin absperren und daß eine jede Gasleiteinrichtung aus einem kastenförmigen Tragrahmen besteht, in den auswechselbare Gasführungselemente einsetzbar sind.The technical solution to this problem is characterized in that in the area of the openings, gas-guiding devices are arranged such that they are adjustable in such a way that they block the cooling gas flow from the pressure chamber to the heating chamber in the upper position lifted from the openings and in the position lowered onto the openings the cooling gas flow from the Shut off the suction chamber towards the heating chamber and that each gas guiding device consists of a box-shaped support frame in which interchangeable gas guide elements can be used.

Durch die Ausbildung von höhenverstellbaren Gasleiteinrichtungen im Bereich der in den Heizkammerwänden vorgesehenen Öffnungen ist es vorteilhafterweise möglich, diese Gasleiteinrichtungen bis nahe an die abzukühlende Charge heran zu verfahren, so daß eine gezielte Abkühlung der Charge möglich ist. Eine ausreichend hohe Anströmgeschwindigkeit bei gleichbleibender Kühlgasgebläseleistung wird darüber hinaus dadurch erreicht, daß die die Heizkammer umgebende Kammer als Druckkammer des Kühlgasgebläses ausgebildet ist. In der von den Öffnungen abgehobenen oberen Position der Gasleiteinrichtungen wird der Zugang der Druckkammer zur Heizkammer hin verschlossen, so daß sich bei laufendem Kühlgasgebläse ein gewisser Staudruck ausbildet. Beim Herabfahren der Gasleiteinrichtungen nach dem Öffnen der in den Heizkammerwänden ausgebildeten Öffnungen wird dieser in der Druckkammer aufgebaute Staudruck freigegeben, so daß über die bis nahe an die Oberfläche der abzukühlenden Charge heranverfahrbaren Gasleiteinrichtungen eine gezielte Abkühlung mit hoher Eindringtiefe ermöglicht wird.Through the formation of height-adjustable gas guiding devices in the area of it is advantageous in the openings provided in the heating chamber walls possible to get these gas guiding devices close to the batch to be cooled to proceed so that a targeted cooling of the batch is possible. A sufficient one high flow velocity with constant cooling gas blower output is also achieved in that the chamber surrounding the heating chamber is designed as a pressure chamber of the cooling gas blower. In the of the openings lifted upper position of the gas guiding devices is access the pressure chamber closed to the heating chamber, so that while running Cooling gas fan forms a certain dynamic pressure. When lowering the gas control devices after opening the ones formed in the heating chamber walls This dynamic pressure built up in the pressure chamber is released through openings that can be moved up to close to the surface of the batch to be cooled Gas guiding systems targeted cooling with high penetration depth is made possible.

Um eine an verschiedene Chargentypen angepaßte gezielte Abkühlung zu ermöglichen, besteht die Gasleiteinrichtung aus einem kastenförmigen Tragrahmen, in den auswechselbare Gasführungselemente einsetzbar sind. Diese Auswechselbarkeit der Gasführungselemente ist besonders vorteilhaft, da hierdurch die Umrüstung des Ofens auf neue Chargentypen besonders schnell und einfach erfolgen kann. In order to enable targeted cooling adapted to different batch types, the gas guide consists of a box-shaped support frame, in the interchangeable gas guide elements can be used. This interchangeability the gas guiding elements is particularly advantageous since this retrofits the furnace can be carried out particularly quickly and easily on new batch types can.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das in die Gasleiteinrichtung einsetzbare Gasführungselement als eine mit Düsen versehene Platte ausgebildet. Um einen möglichst gleichmäßigen und eine hohe Eindringtiefe aufweisenden Kernstrahl zu erzielen, weisen die Düsen einen trichterförmigen Einströmbereich auf. Durch die Anordnung der Düsen in der höhenverstellbaren Gasleiteinrrichtung ist es somit möglich, durch die Auswahl des Düsendurchmessers und des Abstandes zwischen dem Düsenaustritt und der Chargenoberfläche die Eindringtiefe des Kernstrahls des Kühlgases in die Charge vorherbestimmbar einzustellen.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention that is in the Gas guiding element usable as one with nozzles provided plate formed. In order to be as even as possible and one The nozzles show that the core jet has a high penetration depth a funnel-shaped inflow area. The arrangement of the nozzles in the height-adjustable gas guide device, it is thus possible, by the Selection of the nozzle diameter and the distance between the Nozzle outlet and the batch surface the penetration depth of the core jet of the Cooling gas in the batch can be predetermined.

Schließlich wird mit der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß das in die Gasleiteinrichtung einsetzbare Gasführungselement als ein mit einer Vielzahl von Bohrungen versehenes Gleichrichtergitter ausgebildet ist. Bei einem solchen Gleichrichtergitter handelt es sich um eine mit einer Vielzahl von Bohrungen versehene Platte, die etwa 90 % des offenen Querschnitts der in der Heizkammerwand ausgebildeten Öffnung freigibt. Die Verwendung eines solchen Gleichrichtergitters wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß durch die höhenverstellbare Gasleiteinrichtung zunächst ein gewisser Staudruck in der Druckkammer aufgebaut werden kann, so daß der auf das Gleichrichtergitter auftreffende Kühlgasstrom durch die Bohrungen in dem Gleichrichtergitter ohne wesentliche Geschwindigkeitsreduzierungen und Strömungswiderstände über die Breite der Öffnung vergleichmäßigt wird. Solche kostengünstig zu fertigende Gleichrichtergitter werden insbesondere verwendet, wenn keine großen Eindringtiefen benötigt werden.Finally, it is proposed with the invention that the Gas guiding element usable as one with a variety rectifier grid provided with holes is formed. At a such rectifier grid is one with a variety of Drilled plate, which is about 90% of the open cross section of the in the opening of the heating chamber wall. The use of a such rectifier grid is made possible by that height-adjustable gas guide first a certain dynamic pressure in the Pressure chamber can be built up so that the rectifier grid incident cooling gas flow through the holes in the rectifier grid without significant speed reductions and flow resistance is evened over the width of the opening. Such inexpensive too Manufacturing rectifier grids are used especially when none large depths of penetration are required.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnung erläutert, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Ofens zur Wärmebehandlung von Chargen metallischer Werkstücke schematisch dargestellt ist. In der Zeichnung zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine Ofenanlage;
Fig. 2a
einen Querschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie II-II in Fig. 1 geschnitten, die Luken in geschlossenem Zustand darstellend;
Fig. 2b
einen Querschnitt gemäß Fig. 2a, jedoch die Luken im geöffneten Zustand darstellend und
Fig. 2c
einen Querschnitt gemäß Fig. 2a und 2b, jedoch die Luken im geöffneten Zustand und mit einer abgesenkten Gasleiteinrichtung darstellend.
Further details, features and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which an exemplary embodiment of a furnace designed according to the invention for the heat treatment of batches of metallic workpieces is shown schematically. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through an oven system;
Fig. 2a
a cross section along the section line II-II in Figure 1, showing the hatches in the closed state.
Fig. 2b
a cross section of FIG. 2a, but showing the hatches in the open state and
Fig. 2c
a cross section according to FIGS. 2a and 2b, but showing the hatches in the open state and with a lowered gas guide.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ofenanlage besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Ofengehäuse 1 sowie zwei druckdicht mit diesem Ofengehäuse 1 verschließbaren Hauben 2, wobei die linke Haube 2 zur Aufnahme eines - nicht dargestellten - Elektroantriebes für ein Kühlgasgebläse 3 dient. Innerhalb des Ofengehäuses 1 ist eine von einer äußeren Kammer 4 umgebene, von Heizkammerwänden 5 umschlossene Heizkammer 6 angeordnet. Zum Aufheizen der in der Heizkammer 6 einer Wärmebehandlung zu unterziehenden Charge 7 sind in der Heizkammer 6 - nicht dargestellte - Heizelemente angeordnet. Das Umwälzen der Ofenatmosphäre innerhalb der Heizkammer 6 erfolgt bei konvektiver Erwärmung über einen Ventilator 8.The furnace system shown in Fig. 1 consists essentially of a Furnace housing 1 and two pressure-tight with this furnace housing 1 closable hoods 2, the left hood 2 for receiving a - Not shown - electric drive for a cooling gas blower 3 is used. Inside the furnace housing 1 is an outer chamber 4 Surrounded heating chamber 6 surrounded by heating chamber walls 5 arranged. For heating the heat treatment in the heating chamber 6 Batch 7 to be subjected are - not shown - in the heating chamber 6 Heating elements arranged. Circulating the furnace atmosphere within the Heating chamber 6 takes place in the case of convective heating via a fan 8.

Um die Heizkammer 6 mit Kühlgas fluten zu können bzw. heißes Ofengas aus der Heizkammer 6 abziehen zu können, ist innerhalb des Ofengehäuses 1 eine Gaskühleinrichtung 9 angeordnet, die aus dem Kühlgasgebläse 3 und einem Wärmetauscher 10 besteht. Ausgehend von der linken Haube 2 zur Aufnahme des Elektroantriebes für das Kühlgasgebläse 3 ist die äußere, die Heizkammer 6 umgebende Kammer 4 als mit der Druckseite des Kühlgasgebläses 3 verbundene Druckkammer ausgebildet, während eine innere, zwischen der Heizkammer 6 und der Gaskühleinrichtung 9 ausgebildete Kammer 11 als mit der Saugseite des Kühlgasgebläses 3 verbundene Saugkammer ausgebildet ist.In order to flood the heating chamber 6 with cooling gas or hot furnace gas to be able to pull off the heating chamber 6 is one within the furnace housing 1 Gas cooling device 9 arranged, consisting of the cooling gas blower 3 and a Heat exchanger 10 exists. Starting from the left hood 2 for recording of the electric drive for the cooling gas blower 3 is the outer, the heating chamber 6 surrounding chamber 4 as with the pressure side of the cooling gas blower 3 connected pressure chamber formed while an inner, between the Heating chamber 6 and the gas cooling device 9 formed chamber 11 as with the suction side of the cooling gas blower 3 connected suction chamber is formed.

Um die Heizkammer 6 über die Druckkammer 4 mit Kühlgas fluten zu können bzw. heißes Ofengas aus der Heizkammer 6 über die Saugkammer 11 abziehen zu können, weisen die Heizkammerwände 5 Öffnungen 12 auf, die zum Verbinden mit der Druckkammer 4 bzw. der Saugkammer 11 über Luken 13 geöffnet und verschlossen werden können. Diese Luken 13 sind über eine nicht näher beschriebene Lukenbetätigung 14 antreibbar.In order to be able to flood the heating chamber 6 with cooling gas via the pressure chamber 4 or hot furnace gas from the heating chamber 6 via the suction chamber 11 to be able to pull off, the heating chamber walls 5 have openings 12 which for connecting to the pressure chamber 4 or the suction chamber 11 via hatches 13 can be opened and closed. These hatches 13 are over one Hatch actuation 14, not described in more detail, can be driven.

Zum gezielten Einleiten des Kühlgases in die Heizkammer 6 sind im Bereich der Öffnungen 12 in den Heizkammerwänden 5 höhenverstellbare Gasleiteinrichtungen 15 angeordnet. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel bestehen die Gasleiteinrichtungen 15 jeweils aus einem Tragrahmen 16, in den auswechselbare Gasführungselemente 17 einsetzbar sind.For the targeted introduction of the cooling gas into the heating chamber 6 are in the range Openings 12 in the heating chamber walls 5 adjustable in height Gas guide devices 15 arranged. In the illustrated The gas guiding devices 15 each consist of an exemplary embodiment Support frame 16, can be used in the interchangeable gas guide elements 17 are.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, sind die Gasleiteinrichtungen 15 so im Bereich der Öffnungen 12 angeordnet, daß diese in der von den Öffnungen 12 abgehobenen oberen Position (in Fig. 1 unten dargestellt) die Druckkammer 4 zur Heizkammer 6 hin absperrt und in der auf die Öffnung 12 abgesenkten Position (in Fig. 1 oben dargestellt) die Saugkammer 11 zur Heizkammer 6 hin absperrt. Dadurch, daß die Gasleiteinrichtungen 15 in der oberen Position - dargestellt in Fig. 2a - die Druckkammer 4 zur Heizkammer 6 hin abschließen, bildet sich bei der Betätigung des Kühlgasgebläses 3 ein Staubdruck innerhalb der Druckkammer 4. Dieser in der Druckkammer 4 aufgebaute Staudruck kann sich erst abbauen, wenn eine Gasleiteinrichtung 15 auf eine Öffnung 12 abgesenkt wird, wie dies in Fig. 1 und 2c dargestellt ist. In dieser Stellung kann das Kühlgas aus der Druckkammer 4 kommend in die Heizkammer 6 einströmen. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite ist die Gasleiteinrichtung 15 noch in der oberen, die Druckkammer 4 verschließenden Stellung. Somit ist auf dieser Seite der Zugang von der Heizkammer 6 hin zur Saugkammer 11 offen, so daß das heiße Ofengas über die Saugkammer 11 abgesaugt werden kann.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the gas guiding devices 15 are in the area of Openings 12 arranged that these in the of the openings 12th lifted upper position (shown in Fig. 1 below), the pressure chamber 4th shut off to the heating chamber 6 and lowered into the opening 12 Position (shown in Fig. 1 above) the suction chamber 11 towards the heating chamber 6 cordoned off. The fact that the gas guide devices 15 in the upper position - shown in Fig. 2a - the pressure chamber 4 towards the heating chamber 6 complete, forms when the cooling gas blower 3 is actuated Dust pressure inside the pressure chamber 4. This in the pressure chamber 4 built-up dynamic pressure can only be reduced if a gas guiding device 15 is lowered onto an opening 12, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2c is. In this position, the cooling gas coming in from the pressure chamber 4 flow into the heating chamber 6. On the opposite side is the Gas guide device 15 still in the upper, the pressure chamber 4 closing Position. Thus, the access from the heating chamber 6 is on this side Suction chamber 11 open so that the hot furnace gas via the suction chamber 11 can be suctioned off.

Das Verfahren der Gasleiteinrichtungen 15 erfolgt im Betrieb folgendermaßen:The gas guide devices 15 are operated as follows during operation:

Nach der Wärmebehandlung der in der Heizkammer 6 angeordneten Charge 7 werden die in der Heizkammer 6 angeordneten Heizelemente abgeschaltet und anschließend das Kühlgasgebläse 3 eingeschaltet. Bei diesem Betriebszustand sind die Öffnungen 12 in den Heizkammerwänden 5 über die Luken 13 verschlossen und befinden sich die Gasleitereinrichtungen 15 in der von den Öffnungen 12 abgehobenen oberen Position, in der diese die Verbindung zwischen der Druckkammer 4 und der Heizkammer 6 absperren, wie dies in Fig. 2a dargestellt ist. Durch die Betätigung des Kühlgasgebläses baut sich in der Druckkammer 4 ein gewisser Staudruck des Kühlgases auf. Anschließend werden über die Lukenbetätigungen 14 die Luken 13 geöffnet, so daß ein ungehinderter Zugang zur Heizkammer 6 über die Öffnungen 12 möglich ist, wie dies in Fig. 2b dargestellt ist. Um die Heizkammer 6 mit dem Kühlgas aus der Druckkammer 4 zu fluten, wird nunmehr eine Gasleiteinrichtung 15 auf eine Öffnung 12 abgesenkt, wie dies die Abbildung 2c verdeutlicht. Durch das Absenken dieser Gasleiteinrichtung 15 wird an dieser Stelle gleichzeitig der Zugang zwischen der Ofenkammer 6 und der Saugkammer 11 verschlossen, so daß das in der Druckkammer 4 angestaute Kühlgas nur in die Heizkammer 6 einströmen kann.After the heat treatment of the batch 7 arranged in the heating chamber 6 the heating elements arranged in the heating chamber 6 are switched off and then the cooling gas blower 3 switched on. In this operating state are the openings 12 in the heating chamber walls 5 through the hatches 13 closed and are the gas guide devices 15 in the Openings 12 lifted upper position in which this connects shut off between the pressure chamber 4 and the heating chamber 6, as in Fig. 2a is shown. By operating the cooling gas blower builds up in the pressure chamber 4 to a certain dynamic pressure of the cooling gas. Subsequently The hatches 13 are opened via the hatch actuations 14, so that a unhindered access to the heating chamber 6 is possible via the openings 12, as shown in Fig. 2b. Around the heating chamber 6 with the cooling gas to flood the pressure chamber 4, a gas guide device 15 is now on an opening 12 is lowered, as shown in Figure 2c. By the Lowering this gas guide device 15 is at the same time the Access between the furnace chamber 6 and the suction chamber 11 closed, so that the cooling gas accumulated in the pressure chamber 4 only in the heating chamber 6 can flow.

Bei dem in den Abbildungen Fig. 1 bis Fig. 2c dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die in den Gasleiteinrichtungen 15 angeordneten Gasführungselemente 17 als mit Düsen 18 versehene Platten 19 ausgebildet. Die Verwendung von Düsen 18 als Gasführungselemente 17 ist besonders vorteilhaft, da hiermit eine gezielte und eine vorbestimmbare Eindringtiefe aufweisende Kühlgasströmung auf die Charge 7 möglich ist.In the case of the one illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 2c Embodiment are arranged in the gas guide devices 15 Gas guiding elements 17 are designed as plates 19 provided with nozzles 18. The use of nozzles 18 as gas guide elements 17 is special Advantageous, since this enables a targeted and a predeterminable penetration depth having cooling gas flow to Charge 7 is possible.

Bei der in Fig. 2c dargestellten Betriebsstellung wird die Heizkammer 6 über das aus der Druckkammer 4 einströmende Kühlgas geflutet. Das heiße Ofengas sowie das aufgeheizte Kühlgas werden über die gegenüberliegende Öffnung 12 zur Saugkammer 11 hin abgesaugt, da auf dieser Seite die Gasleiteinrichtung 15 sich in der oberen Position befindet, in der eine ungehinderte Verbindung zwischen der Heizkammer 6 und der Saugkammer 11 besteht. Über den in der Gaskühleinrichtung 9 angeordneten Wärmetauscher 10 wird das Kühlgas zurückgekühlt und gelangt über die Druckkammer 4 erneut in die Heizkammer 6.In the operating position shown in Fig. 2c, the heating chamber 6 is over the cooling gas flowing in from the pressure chamber 4 is flooded. The hot Furnace gas as well as the heated cooling gas are over the opposite Opening 12 suctioned out to the suction chamber 11, because on this side Gas guide device 15 is in the upper position in which one unimpeded connection between the heating chamber 6 and the suction chamber 11 exists. About the arranged in the gas cooling device 9 Heat exchanger 10, the cooling gas is cooled back and passes through the Pressure chamber 4 again in the heating chamber 6.

Mit einer solchermaßen ausgestalteten Ofenanlage ist eine gezielte Abkühlung der in der Heizkammer 6 angeordneten Charge 7 mit einer vorbestimmbaren Eindringtiefe möglich, ohne daß es einer Erhöhung der Motorleistung des Kühlgasgebläses 3 bedarf. With a furnace system designed in this way, targeted cooling is possible the arranged in the heating chamber 6 batch 7 with a predetermined Depth of penetration possible without there being an increase in the engine power of the Cooling gas blower 3 needs.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
OfengehäuseFurnace housing
22nd
HaubeHood
33rd
KühlgasgebläseCooling gas blower
44th
äußere Kammer (Druckkammer)outer chamber (pressure chamber)
55
HeizkammerwandHeating chamber wall
66
HeizkammerHeating chamber
77
ChargeBatch
88th
Ventilatorfan
99
GaskühleinrichtungGas cooling device
1010th
WärmetauscherHeat exchanger
1111
innere Kammer (Saugkammer)inner chamber (suction chamber)
1212th
Öffnungopening
1313
Lukehatch
1414
LukenbetätigungHatch control
1515
GasleiteinrichtungGas guiding device
1616
TragrahmenSupport frame
1717th
GasführungselementThrottle element
1818th
Düsejet
1919th
Platteplate

Claims (4)

  1. Furnace for the heat treatment of batches of metallic workpieces, in particular a vacuum furnace, with a furnace casing (1) and a heating chamber (6), which is formed in the latter while leaving an interspace divided into an outer and an inner chamber (4, 11), and with a gas cooling device (9), which is disposed inside the furnace casing (1) and is connected via the chambers (4, 11) and closable openings (12), which are formed in at least two heating chamber walls (5), to the heating chamber (6) for supplying and removing cooling gas, wherein the outer chamber (4), which surrounds the heating chamber (6), is formed as a pressure chamber of a cooling gas blower (3) and the inner chamber (11), which is disposed between the heating chamber (6) and the gas cooling device (9), is formed as a suction chamber of the cooling gas blower (3),
    characterised in that gas directing devices (15) are disposed in the region of the openings (12) in a vertically adjustable manner such that when these devices are in the upper position, in which they are raised from the openings (12), they cut off the cooling gas flow from the pressure chamber (4) towards the heating chamber (6), and when they are in the position in which they are lowered onto the openings (12) they cut off the cooling gas flow from the suction chamber (11) towards the heating chamber (6), and that each gas directing device (15) consists of a box-shaped supporting frame (16), in which interchangeable gas guide elements (17) can be inserted.
  2. Furnace according to Claim 1, characterised in that the gas guide element (17) is formed as a plate (19) provided with nozzles (18).
  3. Furnace according to Claim 2, characterised in that the nozzles (18) of the gas guide element (17) comprise a funnel-shaped inflow region.
  4. Furnace according to Claim 1, characterised in that the gas guide element (17) is formed as a rectifier grid provided with a plurality of holes.
EP96710009A 1995-07-21 1996-07-13 Furnace for heat treating batches of metal workpieces Expired - Lifetime EP0754768B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19526676 1995-07-21
DE19526676 1995-07-21

Publications (2)

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EP0754768A1 EP0754768A1 (en) 1997-01-22
EP0754768B1 true EP0754768B1 (en) 2001-06-13

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ID=7767437

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EP96710008A Withdrawn EP0754769A1 (en) 1995-07-21 1996-07-13 Furnace for heat treating batches of metal workpieces
EP96710009A Expired - Lifetime EP0754768B1 (en) 1995-07-21 1996-07-13 Furnace for heat treating batches of metal workpieces

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96710008A Withdrawn EP0754769A1 (en) 1995-07-21 1996-07-13 Furnace for heat treating batches of metal workpieces

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EP (2) EP0754769A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE202152T1 (en)
DE (2) DE59607067D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2159710T3 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2322673A2 (en) 2009-11-13 2011-05-18 Ipsen International GmbH Method and device for guiding the flow in industrial oven used in the thermoforming of metallic materials/workpieces
WO2012037905A1 (en) 2010-09-24 2012-03-29 Ipsen International Gmbh Method and device for conducting the flow in industrial furnaces for the thermal treatment of metal materials/workpieces

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19820083A1 (en) * 1998-05-06 1999-11-11 Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh Process for quenching workpieces and heat treatment system for carrying out the process
US6533991B1 (en) * 2000-06-20 2003-03-18 Ipsen International, Inc. Cooling gas injection nozzle for a vacuum heat treating furnace
JP4573290B2 (en) * 2003-10-17 2010-11-04 株式会社Ihi High pressure heat treatment furnace
FR2864106B1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2006-08-11 Etudes Const Mecaniques TEMPERATURE DEVICE
US8088328B2 (en) 2008-06-13 2012-01-03 Jones William R Vacuum nitriding furnace
DE102015011504A1 (en) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-09 Ipsen International Gmbh Apparatus for treating metallic workpieces with cooling gas

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DE3208574A1 (en) * 1982-03-10 1983-09-22 Schmetz Industrieofenbau und Vakuum-Hartlöttechnik KG, 5750 Menden Vacuum shaft furnace
DE3215509A1 (en) * 1982-04-26 1983-10-27 Schmetz Industrieofenbau und Vakuum-Hartlöttechnik KG, 5750 Menden Vacuum chamber oven
DE3224971A1 (en) * 1982-07-03 1984-01-05 Schmetz Industrieofenbau und Vakuum-Hartlöttechnik KG, 5750 Menden Vacuum shaft furnace
DE3321554C1 (en) * 1982-07-16 1984-02-16 Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve Industrial furnace for heat-treatment of metal workpieces
DE3346884A1 (en) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-11 Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve INDUSTRIAL STOVES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF METAL WORKPIECES
FR2651307B1 (en) * 1989-08-29 1993-12-17 Traitement Sous Vide HEAT TREATMENT OVEN EQUIPPED WITH IMPROVED COOLING MEANS.
DE9311985U1 (en) * 1993-08-11 1993-10-14 Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh Furnace for the heat treatment of batches of metallic work pieces
DE9400222U1 (en) * 1994-01-08 1994-02-24 Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh Multi-chamber furnace with combined cooling

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2322673A2 (en) 2009-11-13 2011-05-18 Ipsen International GmbH Method and device for guiding the flow in industrial oven used in the thermoforming of metallic materials/workpieces
DE102009052900A1 (en) 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Ipsen International Gmbh Method and device for conducting flow in industrial furnaces for the heat treatment of metallic materials / workpieces
WO2012037905A1 (en) 2010-09-24 2012-03-29 Ipsen International Gmbh Method and device for conducting the flow in industrial furnaces for the thermal treatment of metal materials/workpieces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2159710T3 (en) 2001-10-16
DE19628383A1 (en) 1997-02-06
DE59607067D1 (en) 2001-07-19
EP0754769A1 (en) 1997-01-22
EP0754768A1 (en) 1997-01-22
ATE202152T1 (en) 2001-06-15

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