EP0754630B1 - Cap of containers, bottles or similar - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a closure cap according to the preamble of claim 1.

When closed, one that metabolizes with its surroundings Medium, e.g. containers containing a liquid or a solid, Housings or the like often have the problem that a such medium, for example as a result of temperature fluctuations, its volume changes, which results in the corresponding container or housing an overpressure or underpressure is generated, which in Ultimately depending on the function of the container or housing extremely harmful and can also be dangerous under certain circumstances.

This also applies to the free air / gas volume in the container. On additional problem arises e.g. when liquids outgas themselves or bind gases. In the case of e.g. present in particle form Solids do the same.

For example, in measuring devices for damping the system Measuring device housing only about 90 to 95% with the liquid, for Example glycerine silicone oil, filled, in the remaining space can the liquid is now expanding, but the problem is the impermissible pressure on the housing walls or devices in the housing only relocated because of the volume expansion in the housing existing air is in turn compressed. Especially with precision measuring devices such a process led to intolerable falsifications of the measured values.

To solve this problem, for example, attempts have been made to use Using a valve system to bring about pressure equalization, whereby it However, it has been found that continuously open valves Disadvantage that in certain installation positions of the housing the opening liquid escapes, which is by no means the case with measuring instruments is tolerable.

Pressure relief valves, on the other hand, can only do justice to one aspect as they prevent the leakage of liquid, however finds no fumigation at negative pressure after the relevant one has cooled down Container or housing instead.

Double-acting valves are conceivable, but require one such a high cost that you usually deal with less demanding Valve solutions are sufficient.

Solutions are also conceivable in which one or more Walls of the container or housing are elastically deformable in the manner are that they are able to follow the overpressure or underpressure in the housing, However, it is obvious that such solutions are used in a wide range of applications severely limit the container or housing or the like and moreover only for containers or housings or the like can be used, which only have small pressure differences have to deal with.

A satisfactory solution to the problem explained above is in the DE-OS 33 25 329 described. According to this document, that for the purpose of pressure equalization in a closed, Liquid-containing housing has at least one opening, the one with a cover made of a liquid impermeable. however gas-permeable material is sealed. A cover This type consists, for example, of a porous tetrafluoroethylene polymer, the cover works like a valve, that allows a guest exchange on both sides. As a result, can ventilation takes place in the housing depending on the condition, without the risk of the liquid escaping.

In addition, a closure cap of the type defined at the outset known, for example in the form of a screw cap, in which in addition a pressure compensation device with a porous, gas-permeable, however liquid-impermeable membrane and beyond still a surge protection element are provided, which in turn consists of a gas permeable material and is designed so that it the surge pressure of the liquid on the membrane of the pressure compensation device breaks.

Both the pressure compensation device and the membrane used for this as well as the surge protection element are considered separate components manufactured, which is subsequently inserted into the cap or be installed, which naturally leads to a relatively high Manufacturing effort leads, with the result that caps of this type are relatively expensive to manufacture.

A closure cap according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-A 4 790 445.

In consideration of the state of the art as described above the present invention has for its object a closure cap of the kind defined at the outset to create the total simpler training is more technically advantageous to manufacture, so that ultimately the manufacturing costs for such caps are reduced become.

According to the present invention, this object is achieved by that the membrane or membranes of the pressure compensation device molded or overmolded plastic in the cap is or are fixed.

In other words, the one designed according to the present invention Cap can be completely as it were in the same injection molding process manufacture and at the same time at least with the pressure compensation device provided so that the manufacturing cost and related costs will in fact be significantly reduced can.

The membrane of the pressure compensation device can for example in substantially flat or flat or substantially curved, in particular be dome-shaped, depending on the Design of the upper cover part of the resulting sealing cap, which, for example, either as a screw cap or as a clip-on Cap can be formed.

The membrane of the pressure compensation device preferably consists of a material which is selected from a group of the following sintered or unsintered materials: polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyether, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfone, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (for example Tefzel ^R ) , fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (propyl vinyl) ether copolymer (PFA).

The selection of material for the membrane is determined, among other things also according to the type of liquid that is in the container or the housing is to be filled in.

In certain cases it is particularly advantageous if the membrane the pressure compensation device made of an expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exists.

In any case, the membrane becomes a thickness in the range from 1 to Have 2000 microns, preferably a thickness in the range of 1 up to 100 microns.

As already mentioned, the pressure compensation device can be one or have several membranes, it being particularly favorable if at least one of the membranes with an adsorbent material or is filled or coated with a catalyst.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention Sealing cap can be that the membrane is laminated, for example, that the membrane on at least one of a Carrier material layer is laminated.

In particular, the membrane can be laminated to at least one layer be that contains an adsorbent material or a catalyst.

The following substances can be used as catalysts: Metals. Oxides, sulfides and undissolved molecular complexes. For example can be a correspondingly selected when transporting dangerous goods Neutralize catalytic vapors.

In any case, the backing material for the lamination is preferably from a fleece, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a perforated plate or from a grid.

The carrier material for this lamination can also be selected from a group which contains the following sintered or unsintered materials: polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyether, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), pulysulfone, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (e.g. Tefzel ^R ), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (propyl vinyl) ether copolymer (PFA), uncoated metal and coated metal.

In addition, depending on the specific application, be favorable that the carrier material layer on one side or is applied to both sides of the membrane, or alternatively that the membrane on one or both sides of the substrate layer is applied.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention Closure cap is that the membrane of the pressure compensation device is oleophobic. In particular, such an oleophobic Membrane an oil repellency of 4 or greater, preferably an oil repellency of 8 or greater using the AATCC test method 118-1989 ASTM.

Titel:

Kohlenwasserstoff-Benetzungstest Ölwerttest

Beschreibung:

Unter Verwendung verschiedener Kohlenwasserstoffe wird der Ölabweisungsgrad von porösen Prüfkörpern, meist Membranen und Laminaten, bestimmt.

Referenzdokument:

AATCC Test Method 118-1989 ASTM
Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology;
Volume II
Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics Functional Finishes
Part B
1984 Marcel Dekker, INC.

Prüfmittel:

Testflüssigkeiten mit einer Oberflächenspannung bei 25°C:

#1 Nujol 31,2 dyn/cm #2 65:35 Nujol:n-Hexadekan (Vol. %) 28,7 dyn/cm #3 n-Hexadekan 27,1 dyn/cm #4 n-Tetradekan 26,1 dyn/cm #5 n-Dodekan 25,1 dyn/cm #6 n-Dekan 23,5 dyn/cm #7 n-Oktan 21,3 dyn/cm #8 n-Heptan 19,8 dyn/cm #9 n-Hexan 18,4 dyn/cm

Prüfkörper:

Poröse Körper, Membranen, Laminate, Schläuche;

In connection with the term "oil repellency", a practical method for determining the oil repellency of oleophobic porous bodies is described below.

Title:

Hydrocarbon wetting test Oil value test

Description:

The degree of oil repellency of porous test specimens, mostly membranes and laminates, is determined using various hydrocarbons.

Reference document:

AATCC Test Method 118-1989 ASTM
Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology;
Volume II
Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics Functional Finishes
Part B
1984 Marcel Dekker, INC.

Test media:

Test liquids with a surface tension at 25 ° C:

#1 Nujol 31.2 dynes / cm # 2 65:35 Nujol: n-hexadecane (vol.%) 28.7 dynes / cm # 3 n-hexadecane 27.1 dynes / cm # 4 n-tetradecane 26.1 dynes / cm # 5 n-dodecane 25.1 dynes / cm # 6 n-decane 23.5 dynes / cm # 7 n-octane 21.3 dynes / cm #8th n-heptane 19.8 dynes / cm # 9 n-hexane 18.4 dynes / cm

Test specimens:

Porous bodies, membranes, laminates, hoses;

TEST METHOD:

Of the above test liquids with different surface tensions drops are dripped onto the test specimen and observed.

If the surface energy of the test specimen is below that of the test liquid, the drop cannot get into the porous structure of the test specimen penetration.

Physical background for wetting:

A measure of the wetting of a body with a liquid is the Contact angle  of the liquid drop on the surface of the Test specimen (see Figure 11).

σ _SV =

Oberflächenspannung fest-dampfförmig

σ _SL =

Oberflächenspannung fest-flüssig

σ _LV =

Oberflächenspannung flüssig-dampfförmig

If the contact angle is 0 °, the test specimen is completely wetted by the liquid, ie the liquid penetrates the test specimen. cos  = σ SV - σ SL σ LV . wherein

σ _SV =

Solid-vapor surface tension

σ _SL =

Solid-liquid surface tension

σ _LV =

Liquid-vapor surface tension

In the case of porous membranes, wetting by a liquid is possible easy to recognize. The wetted area becomes transparent or dark.

The drop size should be approx. 4 - 6 mm in diameter. The The test should be carried out at room temperature, 21 ° C ± 1 ° C.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention Closure cap can the surge protection element in the area of the upper Cover part of the cap and, towards the inside of the Seen container or housing, below the membrane of the Pressure compensation device can be arranged. It is preferred the surge protection element in the area of the cover part of the closure cap detachable below the membrane of the pressure compensation device attached, particularly to a number of substantially vertical Ribs clipped in from the lid portion of the cap below, i.e. project towards the inside of the container.

A solution that is favorable in terms of production technology can consist in that the surge protection element is integrated into the closure cap, in particular in the area of the cover part below the membrane of the Pressure compensation device in or on the cap is injected.

There is also a further advantageous embodiment of the present Invention in that the membrane of the pressure compensation device together with the surge protection element as a combined, uniform component is formed, which in the cap in Area of their lid part by molded or molded plastic is fixed.

Otherwise, the surge protection element, depending on the design of the Cover part of the cap essentially flat or flat or but also essentially curved, in particular dome-shaped his.

In addition, the carrier material layer already mentioned above can be applied which the membrane of the pressure compensation device is laminated, itself be designed as a surge protection element.

It is preferred for the openings of the surge protection element an opening diameter / mesh size in a range of 5 to 2000 microns in the liquid passage direction from the inside out provided outside.

Otherwise there is a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention in that the membrane of the pressure compensation device below one essentially in the cover part of the Cap provided in the center, preferably cross-shaped Cover with openings for gas passage is.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf eine Verschlußkappe von oben (mit der als durchsichtig gedachten Zeichenebene);

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht gemäß der Linie A-B nach Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Detailansicht eines Deckelteils der Verschlußkappe nach Fig. 1 (ebenfalls mit als durchsichtig gedachter Zeichenebene);

Fig. 4

eine Schnittansicht gemäß der Linie C-D nach Fig. 3 (entsprechend dem in Fig. 2 mit einem Kreis umgebenen Bereich);

Fig. 5

eine der Fig. 4 entsprechende Schnittansicht mit einem nunmehr in die Verschlußkappe im Bereich deren oberen Deckelteils eingebauten Schwallschutzelement;

Fig. 6

eine der Fig. 3 entsprechende Detailansicht des Deckelteils einer Verschlußkappe von oben gemäß einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform (ebenfalls mit als durchsichtig gedachter Zeichenebene);

Fig. 7

eine Schnittansicht gemäß der Linie E-F nach Fig. 6;

Fig. 8

eine weitere, der Fig. 3 entsprechende Detailansicht des Deckelteils einer Verschlußkappe von oben gemäß einer weiteren abgewandelten Ausführungsform (ebenfalls mit als durchsichtig gedachter Zeichenebene);

Fig. 9

eine Schnittansicht gemäß der Linie G-H nach Fig. 8; und

Fig. 10

eine der Fig. 9 entsprechende Schnittansicht mit einem nunmehr im Bereich des oberen Deckelteils der Verschlußkappe eingebauten Schwallschutzelements.

The following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings serves for a more detailed explanation of the present invention, its further features and advantages. Show:

Fig. 1

a plan view of a closure cap from above (with the plane of the drawing thought to be transparent);

Fig. 2

a sectional view taken along line AB of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3

a detailed view of a cover part of the closure cap of Figure 1 (also with a transparent plane).

Fig. 4

a sectional view along the line CD of Figure 3 (corresponding to the area surrounded by a circle in Figure 2).

Fig. 5

4 shows a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 4 with a surge protection element now installed in the closure cap in the region of the upper cover part thereof;

Fig. 6

3 a detailed view of the cover part of a closure cap from above according to a modified embodiment (likewise with the plane of the drawing thought to be transparent);

Fig. 7

a sectional view along the line EF of FIG. 6;

Fig. 8

a further detail view corresponding to FIG. 3 of the cover part of a closure cap from above in accordance with a further modified embodiment (likewise with the plane of the drawing thought to be transparent);

Fig. 9

a sectional view taken along the line GH of FIG. 8; and

Fig. 10

9 shows a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 9 with a surge protection element now installed in the region of the upper cover part of the closure cap.

In the drawings, FIGS. 1 to 5 relate to a first embodiment a closure cap 1 for a container (not shown), with a liquid or solid, e.g. B. powder Solid, can be filled and which must be vented. The In this case, the closure cap 1 is a screw cap (see FIG. 2) formed, which consists essentially of a wall part 2, a Cover part 3, a lower edge of the cap 4 and from a inner screw thread 5 exists. The cap 1 is more common In a corresponding, externally threaded manner Screw-on mouth of the container.

The liquids that are filled into the container are involved it is, for example, liquids in which the surface tension is very low, e.g. Liquids with inorganic / organic Surfactants, i.e. Detergents, e.g. Chlorine bleaching solutions, or also about acids.

The cap 1 is, as explained in more detail below will continue with a pressure compensation device and with a Provide surge protection element.

The closure cap 1 is overall a plastic injection molded part formed, the pressure compensation device at the same time Injection process injected into the upper cover part 3 of the cap 1 is.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, is in the range of the upper, circular cover part 3 of the closure cap 1 Training provided in which a gas-permeable, but liquid-impermeable Membrane 7 in the injection molding process with respect to Cap 1 at the same time in the upper lid part 3 or is injection molded, a corresponding seat for the membrane 7 or for the edge of which is designated 13.

In a concentric arrangement with respect to the substantially circular trained membrane 7 are still from the cover part 3 to Ribs 10 projecting below towards the inside of the cap injected simultaneously with a total of six ribs 10 covering the area the membrane 7 of the pressure compensation element annular with uniform mutual spacing surrounded by the spaces designated by 11 between two successive ribs 10 are.

The downwardly projecting ribs 10 have at their lower ends further undercuts 12 each, as more clearly from Fig. 4 can be seen.

These undercuts 12 of the ribs 10 projecting downward each form clip-in seats 14 'for clip-in essentially circular surge protection element 14, as in FIG. 5 seen.

Both the membrane 7 of the pressure compensation device and that Flood protection element 14 are essentially flat or flat, the surge protection element 14 in the region of the upper cover part 3 of the cap 1 towards the inside of the container seen below the membrane 7 is arranged.

Furthermore, the membrane is seen towards the inside of the container 7 underneath one provided essentially centrally in the cover part 3, preferably cruciform lid 9 arranged with a Number of openings 8, four in the present exemplary embodiment Openings 8 is provided, which in the event of a necessary pressure equalization between the inside of the container and the surrounding atmosphere allow the appropriate gas passage.

The lid 9 also offers mechanical protection for the underlying membrane 7.

Materials suitable for this membrane 7 include sintered polypropylene, unsintered polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyether, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfone, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (propyl vinyl) ether copolymer (PFA). In a preferred way is a stretched, microporous polytetrafluoroethylene for the membrane 7 used. The membrane 7 can also be laminated be, i.e. for example on at least one of a carrier material existing layer may be laminated, which is detailed in the drawings is not shown. Such a carrier material can be, for example Fleece, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a perforated plate (perforated film) or a Grid. Such a carrier material can, for example, either be connected to the membrane 7 on one or both sides.

In addition, one can be used in certain applications use oleophobic membrane 7, i.e. a membrane that one Oil repellency greater than or equal to four, especially an oil repellency of greater than or equal to eight (according to the AATCC test method 118-1989 ASTM, as discussed above). In the case of an oil repellency grade out of eight this means that liquids with a surface tension the porous membrane 7 of 20 mN / m or dyn / cm no longer wet.

The view towards the inside of the container, below the membrane 7 arranged surge protection element 14, which for example as a round disc is formed (corresponding to the membrane 7) sure that the surge pressure of the liquid contained in the container the porous membrane 7 is not damaged. The openings in this Flood protection element 14 preferably have an opening diameter or a mesh size in the range of 5 to 2000 microns in the liquid passage direction from the inside out, so that this surge protection element is gas permeable to the one hand to allow necessary pressure equalization while it does must be designed so that impinging on the surge protection element Liquid or impinging solid in particle form from the inside of the container has the option of draining again or to run off, otherwise the gas permeability in the event of a liquid jam of the surge protection element would no longer exist. The A surge protection element can e.g. a fleece, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, be a perforated plate or a grid, according to the carrier material for the membrane 7.

As can also be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, it has a screw cap trained cap 1 in the region of its cover part 3 in Direction towards the inside of the container pointing fixing ring 19, the compared to the inner screw thread 5 in a predetermined manner spaced and the arrangement of the ribs 10 also at a distance surrounds, this fixation ring 19 for local fixation of a Cap seal (not shown), which has the task of being on screwed on the associated container cap to seal this well.

From Fig. 1 it can still be seen that on the upper surface of the Cover part 3 a date clock 20 is attached, by means of which the date the manufacture of the cap is displayed.

While in the embodiment of the cap 1 according to the 1 to 5, the surge protection element 14 in the intended for him Clip-in seat 14 'is detachably clipped in, according to the following Embodiment described, which is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 is, also the possibility of the cap 1 in the Form that the surge protection element in the course of the spraying process is integrated into this cap. This is particularly the case from Fig. 7, in which it is shown that a surge protection element 15 in the area of the lid part 3 of the closure cap below the membrane 7 of the pressure compensation device to the cap is injected, in particular in such a way that the closure cap or the cover part 3 in one piece over the downwardly projecting ribs 10 is formed with the surge protection element 15. At this Embodiment thus eliminates the undercuts 12 of the ribs 10, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 4.

Otherwise, the embodiment of the closure cap according to FIGS. 6 and 7 identical to that of FIGS. 1 to 5, so that the identical Parts will not be described again here.

The embodiment of a plastic injection molded part Closure cap (6) according to FIGS. 8 to 10 differs from of those of FIGS. 1 to 5 essentially only because that they are in the central region of the cover part 3 above the assigned Pressure compensation device with a membrane 16 a has convexly curved cover 23, which in turn is in the shape of a cross is formed and thereby a number of openings 24 for the Gas passage defined. The one arranged immediately below the cover 23 accordingly curved, in particular dome-shaped membrane 16 from a liquid-impermeable but gas-permeable Material, as already explained above, is again in the Cap 6 integrated and in particular in the upper cover part 3rd injected with seat 17.

According to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5 is again in the area of the cover part 3 below the membrane 16 Flood protection element 21 attached, preferably to a number of in essential vertical ribs 10 from the cover part 3 after Project below towards the inside of the container, detachably clipped is, the corresponding clip-in seat for the surge protection element 21 is designated by 22 (cf. FIG. 10). 10 results from further that the surge protection element 21 analogous to the execution of the Membrane 16 and the cover 23 has a curved configuration, with a between the surge protection element 21 and the membrane 16 a corresponding curvature gap 18 is provided is through which the gas or air in the event of pressure equalization rises to the top.

Apart from the curved design of the membrane 16 and the The surge protection element 21 corresponds to the embodiment of the closure cap 8 to 10 of those according to FIGS. 1 to 5, so that identical parts are again not described here.

Also correspond to those for the membrane 16 and the surge protection element 21 materials used by those already above explained in connection with the preceding embodiments have been.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

cap

2

wall part

3

cover part

4

lower edge of the cap

5

internal screw thread

6

cap

7

membrane

8th

opening

9

cover

10

rib

11

gap

12

undercut

13

Seat for the membrane

14

Surge protection element

14 '

Einklips seat

15

Surge protection element

16

membrane

17

Seat for membrane

18

gap

19

fixing ring

20

date clock

21

Surge protection element

22

Einklips seat

23

cover

24

opening

Claims (60)

1. Cap (1) for the liquid-tight or solid-tight closing of containers, housings, bottles or suchlike receptacles fillable with a liquid or a solid, which have at least one opening, closable in a releasable manner with the cap, the cap being formed as an injection-moulded component of plastics material and a pressure compensating device with at least one membrane (7; 16) made of a gas-permeable material and with a surge protection element (14; 15; 21) made of a gas-permeable material to break the surge pressure of the liquid or the solid on the membrane (7; 16) being incorporated in the cap (1), characterised in that the material is impermeable to liquids or solids and in that the membrane(s) (7; 16) of the pressure compensating device is (are) fixed in cap (1) by plastics material injection-moulded on to or around said membrane(s).
2. Cap according to Claim 1, characterised in that the membrane (7) of the pressure compensating device has a substantially plain or flat configuration.
3. Cap according to Claim 1, characterised in that the membrane (16) of the pressure compensating device has a substantially curved, in particular domed configuration.
4. Cap according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) consists of a material selected from a group of the following sintered or unsintered materials: polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyether, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfone, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(propylvinyl)ether copolymer (PFA).
5. Cap according to Claim 4, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) consists of an oriented microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
6. Cap according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) has a thickness in the range from 1 to 2000 micrometres.
7. Cap according to Claim 6, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) has a thickness in the range from 1 to 100 micrometres.
8. Cap according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one membrane (7; 16) is filled or coated with an adsorbent material or a catalyst.
9. Cap according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is laminated.
10. Cap according to Claim 9, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is laminated on to at least one layer consisting of a carrier material.
11. Cap according to Claim 10, characterised in that the carrier material is a fleece, a tissue, a knitted fabric, a perforated plate or a mesh.
12. Cap according to one of Claims 10 to 11, characterised in that the carrier material is selected from a group containing the following sintered or unsintered materials: polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyether, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfone, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(propylvinyl)ether copolymer (PFA); uncoated metal and coated metal.
13. Cap according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the carrier material layer is applied to the membrane (7; 16) on one side or both sides.
14. Cap according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is applied to the carrier material layer on one side or both sides.
15. Cap according to one of Claims 9 to 14, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is laminated on to at least one layer which contains an adsorbent material or a catalyst.
16. Cap according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the membrane (7; 16) is oleophobic.
17. Cap according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the membrane (7; 16) has an oil-repellency factor of not less than 4 according to AATCC test method 118-1989 ASTM.
18. Cap according to Claim 17, characterised in that the membrane (7; 16) has an oil-repellency factor of not less than 8 according to AATCC test method 118-1989 ASTM.
19. Cap according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is fixed in an upper lid part (3) of cap (1) by plastics material injection-moulded on to or around said membrane.
20. Cap according to Claim 19, characterised in that surge protection element (14; 15; 21) is arranged in the area of the upper lid part (3) of cap (1) and below membrane (7; 16), seen in the direction towards the interior of the container.
21. Cap according to Claim 20, characterised in that surge protection element (14; 21) is fixed detachably in the area of lid part (3) of cap (1) below the membrane (7; 16) of the pressure compensating device.
22. Cap according to Claim 21, characterised in that surge protection element (14; 21) is clipped to a plurality of substantially vertical ribs (10) projecting downwardly from lid part (3), seen in the direction towards the interior of the container.
23. Cap according to Claim 20, characterised in that surge protection element (15) is fixed in cap (1) in the area of lid part (3) below the membrane (7) of the pressure compensating device by plastics material injection-moulded on to or around said surge protection element.
24. Cap according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the membrane (7; 16) of the pressure compensating device is formed together with surge protection element (14; 15; 21) as a combined, unitary component fixed in cap (1) by plastics material injection-moulded on to or around said component.
25. Cap according to one of Claims 20 to 24, characterised in that surge protection element (14; 15) has a substantially plain or flat configuration.
26. Cap according to one of Claims 20 to 24, characterised in that surge protection element (21) has a substantially curved, in particular domed configuration.
27. Cap according to one of Claims 11 to 12, 14, 15, characterised in that the carrier material layer on to which membrane (7; 16) is laminated is itself formed as a surge protection element (14; 15; 21).
28. Cap according to one of Claims 20 to 27, characterised in that for the apertures of surge protection element (14; 15; 21) an aperture diameter or a mesh size is provided in a range from 5 to 2000 micrometres in the transit direction of the liquid or solid particles from inside to outside.
29. Cap according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is located below a lid (9; 23), provided substantially centrally, with apertures (8; 24) for the passage of gas.
30. Cap according to Claim 29, characterised in that lid (9; 23) is cruciform in shape.
31. Method of manufacturing a cap (1) for the liquid-tight or solid-tight closing of containers, housings, bottles or suchlike receptacles fillable with a liquid or a solid, which have at least one opening closable in a releasable manner with the cap, the cap being manufactured of plastics material by the injection-moulding process and a pressure compensating device with at least one membrane (7; 16) made of a gas-permeable material and with a surge-protection element (14; 15; 21) made of a gas-permeable material to break the surge pressure of the liquid or the solid on the membrane (7; 16) being incorporated in the cap (1), characterised in that the material is impermeable to liquids or solids and in that the membrane(s) (7; 16) of the pressure compensating device is (are) fixed in cap (1) by injection-moulding with plastics material on to or around said membrane(s).
32. Method according to Claim 31, characterised in that the membrane (7) of the pressure compensating device has a substantially plain or flat configuration.
33. Method according to Claim 31, characterised in that the membrane (16) of the pressure compensating device has a substantially curved, in particular domed configuration.
34. Method according to one of Claims 31 to 33, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) consists of a material selected from a group of the following sintered or unsintered materials: polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyether, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfone, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(propylvinyl)ether copolymer (PFA).
35. Method according to Claim 34, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) consists of an oriented microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
36. Method according to one of Claims 31 to 35, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) has a thickness in the range from 1 to 2000 micrometres.
37. Method according to Claim 36, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) has a thickness in the range of 1 to 100 micrometres.
38. Method according to one of Claims 31 to 37, characterised in that at least one membrane (7; 16) is filled or coated with an adsorbent material or a catalyst.
39. Method according to one of Claims 31 to 38, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is laminated.
40. Method according to Claim 39, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is laminated on to at least one layer consisting of a carrier material.
41. Method according to Claim 40, characterised in that the carrier material is a fleece, a tissue, a knitted fabric, a perforated plate or a mesh.
42. Method according to one of Claims 40 or 11, characterised in that the carrier material is selected from a group containing the following sintered or unsintered materials: polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyether, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfone, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(propylvinyl)ether copolymer (PFA); uncoated metal and coated metal.
43. Method according to one of Claims 40 to 42, characterised in that the carrier material layer is applied to the membrane (7; 16) on one side or both sides.
44. Method according to one of Claims 40 to 42, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is applied to the carrier material layer on one side or both sides.
45. Method according to one of Claims 39 to 44, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is laminated on to at least one layer which contains an adsorbent material or a catalyst.
46. Method according to one of Claims 31 to 45, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is oleophobic.
47. Method according to one of Claims 31 to 46, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) has an oil-repellency factor of not less than 4 according to AATCC test method 118-1989 ASTM.
48. Method according to Claim 47, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) has an oil-repellency factor of not less than 8 according to AATCC test method 118-1989 ASTM.
49. Method according to one of Claims 31 to 48, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is fixed in an upper lid part (3) of cap (1) by injection-moulding with plastics material on to or around said membrane.
50. Method according to Claim 49, characterised in that surge protection element (14; 15; 21) is arranged in the area of the upper lid part (3) of cap (1) and below membrane (7; 16), seen in the direction towards the interior of the container.
51. Method according to Claim 50, characterised in that surge protection element (14; 21) is fixed detachably in the area of lid part (3) of cap (1) below the membrane (7; 16) of the pressure compensating device.
52. Method according to Claim 51, characterised in that surge protection element (14; 21) is clipped to a plurality of substantially vertical ribs (10) projecting downwardly from lid part (3), seen in the direction towards the interior of the container.
53. Method according to Claim 50, characterised in that surge protection element (15) is fixed in cap (1) in the area of lid part (3) below the membrane (7) of the pressure compensating device by injection-moulding with plastics material on to or around said surge protection element.
54. Method according to one of Claims 31 to 50, characterised in that the membrane (7; 16) of the pressure compensating device is formed together with surge protection element (14; 15; 21) as a combined, unitary component fixed in cap (1) by injection-moulding with plastics material on to or around said component.
55. Method according to one of Claims 50 to 54, characterised in that surge protection element (14; 15) has a substantially plain or flat configuration.
56. Method according to one of Claims 50 to 54, characterised in that surge protection element (21) has a substantially curved, in particular domed configuration.
57. Method according to one of Claims 41, 42, 44 or 45, characterised in that the carrier material layer on to which membrane (7; 16) is laminated is itself formed as a surge protection element (14; 15; 21).
58. Method according to one of Claims 50 to 57, characterised in that for the apertures of surge protection element (14; 15; 21) an aperture diameter or a mesh size is provided in a range from 5 to 2000 micrometres in the transit direction of the liquid or solid particles from inside to outside.
59. Method according to one of Claims 31 to 58, characterised in that membrane (7; 16) is located below a lid (9; 23), provided substantially centrally, with apertures (8; 24) for the passage of gas.
60. Method according to Claim 59, characterised in that lid (9; 23) is cruciform in shape.

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