EP0753409B1 - Sheet printing press - Google Patents
Sheet printing press Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0753409B1 EP0753409B1 EP96109625A EP96109625A EP0753409B1 EP 0753409 B1 EP0753409 B1 EP 0753409B1 EP 96109625 A EP96109625 A EP 96109625A EP 96109625 A EP96109625 A EP 96109625A EP 0753409 B1 EP0753409 B1 EP 0753409B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- measuring device
- printing press
- pile
- sheets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sheet-fed printing machine, in particular a sheet-fed offset printing machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the sheets are printed in the individual printing units and then placed on a boom stack.
- This pressure control strip can then be scanned photoelectrically the remissions thus obtained (densitometric, colorimetric, spectral) for a process control or process control. Is widespread the method of pulling a sheet to be measured out of the stack (sample sheet removal), placed on a measuring table and with one the pressure control strip scanning traversing measuring device is scanned.
- DE 3 108 469 C2 describes a device for measuring ink layer thicknesses in one Printing machine known, whereby a so-called measuring roller is used here the sheet deposited on a delivery stack or its control strip is scanned can be. So that the sheets still to be deposited are not on this measuring roller during of the keying process, sheet holders are provided, which are similar to an automated stack change, the sheets are deposited on a partial stack. There is a pressure control strip to be scanned by the measuring roller described also to be arranged at the rear end of the sheet in the direction of sheet travel.
- the measuring roller which is complicated to observe, results from the above Problems with waviness of the trailing edge of the sheet also have the disadvantage that there are no defined image ratios across the arc width of the arc.
- a photoelectric measuring device which is assigned in the sheet running direction of the front edge of the delivery stack and by means of which is a pressure control strip assigned to the leading edge of the sheet in the direction of sheet travel is palpable.
- the photoelectric measuring device is on a traverse, which extends across the format width of the delivery stack.
- Through controllable Gripper opening curves can either be exactly on the stack or the sheets can also be stored offset in the sheet running direction by a predetermined distance, so that the traversing photoelectric measuring device detects the protruding sheet or can scan the print control strip on it.
- a disadvantage of this device is that the sheets to be scanned are placed offset to the sheet stack, which ultimately results in a stack that is not or not readily available for further processing is usable.
- the object of the present invention is therefore a device according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that a sampling of one of the Print control strip assigned to the print edge in the delivery stack is possible is without the stack formation necessary for further processing being impeded.
- a photoelectric movable on a traverse Measuring device scans the pressure control strip on the leading edge of the sheet while the holding-up device used to take the sample sheet is the following and otherwise the Hold the pressure control strip and the sheet obstructing the measuring device.
- the photoelectric measuring device can be a densitometric, act colorimetric or spectrophotometric measuring device. With one according to the invention trained device can be provided that after a fixed Program cycle sample sheets can be measured. It is particularly possible use different measuring cycles during different process phases.
- test sheet for example every 500 sheets.
- stopper for example, a measuring process would have to be provided every 50 sheets.
- Fig. 1 shows the delivery 1 of a sheetfed offset press, not shown, with a stack 2 set therein.
- the sheets are over here endless circulating chains guided gripper systems from a last sheet guiding Cylinder or drum removed and placed on the top of the stack 2.
- the Stack 2 is placed on a vertically movable stack lifting plate 3, so that the upper edge of the stack 2 within a predetermined tolerance range at the same height remains.
- the sheet is pivotable leading edge stops in the sheet running direction 4 arranged, which is a vertical as shown in Fig. 1 Take orientation so that the deposited sheets are straight with their front edge Reveal front of stack 2.
- Work with the swiveling front edge stops 4 furthermore, so-called sheet holders 5, which are used for sample sheet removal have retractable and extendable fingers 6, these being shown in the illustration according to FIG. 1 Finger 6 are in the retracted state.
- Fig. 1 and 2 it is shown that on a traverse 7 transverse to the width of the on the A measuring device 8 is attached to stack 2 of the sheets lying thereon. This will via not shown and known drives and funding along the Extend the traverse 7.
- FIG. 1 which is the normal storage of sheets corresponds to the stack 2
- the sheet holder 5 are now activated, their fingers 6 can be moved from the retracted position (FIG. 1) to the extended position.
- additional stops 9 are extended, which prevent the on the fingers 6 of the sheet holder 5 with its front part of the sheet deposited over the Shoot out the front edge of stack 2.
- the front edge stops 4 from the upright position according to FIG. 1 into a horizontal position according to FIG. 2 panned.
- the components listed are pneumatic by means not shown and / or electrically controllable actuators from a still further below explained control and evaluation device operated remotely.
- the sheets are deposited with the upper edge a wedge-shaped gap in the sheet that was finally completely deposited on stack 2, which releases the pressure control strip 10 attached to the front edge of the sheet, so that the measuring device 8 can scan this.
- FIG. 3 shows the situation according to FIG. 2 in perspective.
- the stops 9 are immersed in the spaces between the individual front edge stops 4 designed as tabs.
- a measuring process was carried out by the measuring device 8 initiated, here the measuring device 8 from one to the left of the stack 2 Parking position the traversing process of the print control strip 10 begins.
- the illustration 3 can also be seen, such as here according to the embodiment provided two fingers 6 hold up the sheets lying thereon.
- Fig. 4 shows again the top of the stack 2 or the sheet lying thereon the pressure control strip 10.
- the finger 6 not shown in this figure the sheet holder 5 is hindered sheets for storage on the top of the stack 2 not shown here.
- the ones swung into the horizontal position are shown Leading edge stops 4 and those on the not shown and on the fingers 6 of the Sheet holder 5 deposited sheet acting additional stops 9.
- the on the Traverse 7 movable parallel to the direction of extent of the pressure control strip 10 Measuring device 8 is here in a parking position to the left of stack 2. Now that the device according to the invention from an arrangement according to FIG. 1 in the arrangement provided for scanning a sheet or its print control strip 10 2 has been moved, there is now a traversing movement of the measuring device 8 initiated.
- the measuring device 8 the bow or always runs over the pressure control strip 10 from the same parking position, i.e. after a movement from left to right over stack 2 back to the previous parking position returns. According to the invention, however, it is provided that the Measuring device 8 each traverse from a current parking position across through the sheet format to a next parking position. A next traversing process is then executed from this parking position. 4 shows that the current Parking position of the measuring device 8 is located on the left of the stack 2 Sensors 11 attached to both ends of the crossbar 7, through which the presence the measuring device is detectable. The sensors 11 are designed as proximity switches.
- the position of the measuring device is also shown in broken lines on the right of the stack 2 8 reproduced when the measuring device 8 after a scanning operation of the print control strip 10 has moved from left to right. A next measurement for a next test sheet is then triggered from this dashed position.
- Fig. 5 shows again in an enlarged manner the arrangement of the movable on the cross member 7 Measuring device 8.
- the front edge stops 4 are here in the horizontal Position, so that either a measuring process by the measuring device 8 or one per se known sample sheet removal process can be performed.
- the extended fingers 6 of the sheet support 5 (Fig. 1 to 3) are not shown here.
- Through the dashed or solid arrows indicate that the measuring device 8th and / or the traverse 7 carrying the measuring device 8 in vertical and / or horizontal Way is movable.
- the measuring device 8 additionally one the front edge of the stack 2 can have a scanning device, so that the vertical and / or horizontal traverse 7 and / or the measuring device 8 with respect the traverse 7 just the measuring device 8 always at a defined distance from the front edge of the stack 2 and also to the top of the sheet on the stack 2 is.
- the distance of the measuring device 8 to the surface of the sheet to be scanned is detected by sensor means, not shown, and combined via controllable drives constant value regulated. It is preferably provided that during the scanning process the measuring device 8 via a roller on the top of the sheet to be scanned supports. The roll runs on an unprinted area next to the print control sterile, whereby a constant distance between measuring optics and sheet surface is achieved becomes.
- Fig. 5 is also indicated that the measuring device 8 in terms of its structure is formed so that the under the fingers 6 of the sheet 5 reaching area of the measuring device 8 is as small as possible.
- a measuring device 8 use which both the light-conducting elements Illumination as well as the remissions of the measuring fields of the pressure control strip 10 above Optical fiber or the like.
- Control and evaluation circuit connected.
- the control and evaluation circuit causes, as mentioned at the beginning, that in particular in certain programmable Measuring cycles of test sheets are measured, for which purpose the front edge stops 4 from a move vertically into a horizontal position, the fingers 6 of the sheet support 5, additionally stops 9 extended and then the traversing of the measuring device 8 is initiated.
- the control and evaluation circuit can still be used with a manual actuation device can be provided, so that a measuring process also manually can be triggered.
- a further actuating element can also be provided, by means of which the fingers 6 of the arch support 5 can be extended along with the stops 9, without a measuring process of the measuring device 8 being initiated. Is in this situation then a test sheet can be removed from the top of the stack 2 in a manner known per se.
- the control and evaluation circuit also reads from the measuring device 8 during a Traversing process via the pressure control strip 10. In particular, it is provided here that those arising from the pressure control strip 10 Measured values of the individual control fields are saved. Depending on the parking position, detected by the sensors 11, ie the position from which the measuring device 8 executes the measuring process, then the individual measured values for zonal assignment sorted. After the individual stored measured values the individual zones of the Color dosing can be assigned based on specified target values in connection With the actual values recorded in this way, an automatic adjustment of the ink supply be initiated in the sense of a regulation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Pile Receivers (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Controlling Sheets Or Webs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bogendruckmaschine, insbesondere Bogenoffsetdruckmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. The invention relates to a sheet-fed printing machine, in particular a sheet-fed offset printing machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei Bogenoffsetdruckmaschinen werden die Bogen in den einzelnen Druckwerken bedruckt und sodann auf einem Auslegerstapel abgelegt. Dort sind insbesondere Vorderkantenanschläge angebracht, vermittels denen die in Bogenförderrichtung vorderen Kanten der Bogen in definierter Weise auf der Oberseite des Stapel zum Liegen kommen. Um den Farbauftrag in den einzelnen Druckwerken zu kontrollieren und insbesondere auch regeln zu können, ist es bekannt, in Bogenlaufrichtung nahe der Vorderkante des Bogens einen sich quer zur Formatbreite des Bogens erstreckenden Kontrollstreifen mit einzelnen Meßfeldern anzuordnen. Dieser Druckkontrollstreifen kann dann photoelektrisch abgetastet werden, um daraufhin die derartig erhaltenen Remissionen (densitometrisch, farbmetrisch, spektral) für eine Prozeßkontrolle bzw. Prozeßregelung auszuwerten. Weit verbreitet ist dabei die Methode, daß ein auszumessender Bogen aus dem Stapel gezogen wird (Probebogenentnahme), auf einem Meßtisch aufgelegt und mit einem den Druckkontrollstreifen abtastenden traversierenden Meßgerät abgetastet wird. In sheetfed offset presses, the sheets are printed in the individual printing units and then placed on a boom stack. There are front edge stops in particular attached, by means of which the front edges in the sheet conveying direction the sheet comes to rest on the top of the stack in a defined manner. To the Checking and, in particular, regulating ink application in the individual printing units to be able to, it is known in the sheet running direction near the leading edge of the sheet control strips with individual measuring fields extending transversely to the format width of the sheet to arrange. This pressure control strip can then be scanned photoelectrically the remissions thus obtained (densitometric, colorimetric, spectral) for a process control or process control. Is widespread the method of pulling a sheet to be measured out of the stack (sample sheet removal), placed on a measuring table and with one the pressure control strip scanning traversing measuring device is scanned.
Nachteilig bei der oben beschriebenen Methode des Abtastens eines Druckkontrollstreifens ist dabei, daß eine Bedienperson die Probebogenentnahme vorzunehmen hat, was zum einen mit Handhabungsaufwand verbunden und zum anderen eine gewisse Willkür hinsichtlich der Stichprobenverteilung der Probebogen bedingt. Auch sind Meßvorrichtungen bekannt geworden, welche insbesondere in einem Druckkontrollstreifen zusammengefaßte Meßfelder innerhalb der Maschine, also bei Maschinenlauf "In-line" abtasten. Vorzugsweise finden hier Kamera-Systeme Verwendung. Nachteilig bei derartigen Einrichtungen ist der relativ hohe Aufwand für Beleuchtung sowie zum Führen des Bogens in einem definierten Abstand zur Abtastoptik. Gerade bei großformatigen Druckmaschinen müssen zur Erfassung der gesamten Formatbreite oftmals auch mehrere Kamerasysteme nebeneinander eingesetzt werden, was den bautechnischen Aufwand noch erhöht. Ferner ist festzustellen, daß gerade bei schnellaufenden Druckmaschinen die in Bogenlaufrichtung oft sehr klein ausgedehnten Meßfelder somit nur eine sehr kurze Meßzeit ergeben, was zu zeitkritischen Vorgängen führt. Disadvantageous in the method of scanning a print control strip described above is that an operator has to take the sample sheet, which on the one hand associated with handling effort and on the other hand a certain arbitrariness regarding the sample distribution of the sample sheets. Measuring devices are also known become, which in particular summarized in a print control strip Scan measuring fields within the machine, ie "in-line" when the machine is running. Preferably camera systems are used here. A disadvantage of such devices is the relatively high effort for lighting as well as for guiding the arch in a defined Distance to the scanning optics. Especially with large format printing presses Acquisition of the entire format width often also multiple camera systems side by side can be used, which increases the construction effort. It should also be noted that that especially in high-speed printing presses that are often very small in the direction of sheet travel extensive measuring fields thus only result in a very short measuring time, which is time-critical Operations.
Aus der DE 3 108 469 C2 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Messen von Farbschichtdicken in einer Druckmaschine bekannt, wobei hier eine sogenannte Meßwalze Verwendung findet, vermittels der an einem Auslegerstapel abgelegter Bogen bzw. dessen Kontrollstreifen abgetastet werden kann. Damit die weiterhin abzulegenden Bogen nicht auf diese Meßwalze während des Tastvorganges fallen, sind Bogenhochhalter vorgesehen, welche ähnlich wie bei einem automatisierten Stapelwechsel das Ablegen der Bogen auf einem Teilstapel bewirken. Ein durch die beschriebene Meßwalze abzutastender Druckkontrollstreifen ist dabei ferner an in Bogenlaufrichtung hinterem Ende des Bogens anzuordnen. Hierbei ist als nachteilig anzusehen, daß das Bogenende durch den Abriß insbesondere an einem Gummituchzylinder oftmals sehr stark deformiert bzw. wellig ist. Neben dem in optischer Hinsicht als kompliziert anzusehenden Aufbau der Meßwalze ergibt sich aus oben genannten Problemen bezuglich Welligkeit der Bogenhinterkante dabei ferner noch der Nachteil, daß sich keine definierten Abbildungsverhältnisse über die Bogenbreite des Bogens ergeben. DE 3 108 469 C2 describes a device for measuring ink layer thicknesses in one Printing machine known, whereby a so-called measuring roller is used here the sheet deposited on a delivery stack or its control strip is scanned can be. So that the sheets still to be deposited are not on this measuring roller during of the keying process, sheet holders are provided, which are similar to an automated stack change, the sheets are deposited on a partial stack. There is a pressure control strip to be scanned by the measuring roller described also to be arranged at the rear end of the sheet in the direction of sheet travel. Here is as disadvantageous to see that the sheet end due to the tear, especially on a blanket cylinder is often very deformed or wavy. In addition to that in optical terms the structure of the measuring roller, which is complicated to observe, results from the above Problems with waviness of the trailing edge of the sheet also have the disadvantage that there are no defined image ratios across the arc width of the arc.
Aus der DE 4 207 107 C1 ist ferner eine photoelektrische Meßvorrichtung bekannt, welche in Bogenlaufrichtung der Vorderkante des Auslegerstapels zugeordnet ist und vermittels der ein in Bogenlaufrichtung der Vorderkante des Bogens zugeordneter Druckkontrollstreifen abtastbar ist. Die photoelektrische Meßvorrichtung ist dazu an einer Traverse, welche sich über die Formatbreite des Auslegerstapels erstreckt, angebracht. Durch steuerbare Greiferöffnungskurven können die Bogen entweder exakt auf dem Stapel oder aber auch in Bogenlaufrichtung um eine vorgegebene Wegstrecke versetzt abgelegt werden, so daß die traversierende photoelektrische Meßvorrichtung den überstehenden Bogen bzw. den darauf befindlichen Druckkontrollstreifen abtasten kann. Nachteilig bei dieser Vorrichtung ist dabei, daß die abzutastenden Bogen zum Bogenstapel versetzt abgelegt werden, was letztlich einen Stapel ergibt, der nicht bzw. nicht ohne weiteres für die Weiterverarbeitung nutzbar ist. From DE 4 207 107 C1 a photoelectric measuring device is also known, which is assigned in the sheet running direction of the front edge of the delivery stack and by means of which is a pressure control strip assigned to the leading edge of the sheet in the direction of sheet travel is palpable. For this purpose, the photoelectric measuring device is on a traverse, which extends across the format width of the delivery stack. Through controllable Gripper opening curves can either be exactly on the stack or the sheets can also be stored offset in the sheet running direction by a predetermined distance, so that the traversing photoelectric measuring device detects the protruding sheet or can scan the print control strip on it. A disadvantage of this device is that the sheets to be scanned are placed offset to the sheet stack, which ultimately results in a stack that is not or not readily available for further processing is usable.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 derartig weiterzubilden, daß in einfacher Weise eine Abtastung eines der Druckbogenvorderkante zugeordneten Druckkontrollstreifens im Auslegerstapel möglich ist, ohne daß die für die Weiterverarbeitung nötige Stapelbildung behindert wird. The object of the present invention is therefore a device according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that a sampling of one of the Print control strip assigned to the print edge in the delivery stack is possible is without the stack formation necessary for further processing being impeded.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Anspruch 1. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. This problem is solved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Further training the invention emerge from the subclaims.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß eine an einer Traverse verfahrbare photoelektrische Meßvorrichtung den Druckkontrollstreifen an der Bogenvorderkante abtastet, während der Probebogenentnahme dienende Hochhalter die nachfolgenden und sonst den Druckkontrollstreifen und auch die Meßvorrichtung behindernden Bogen hochhalten. Ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist insbesondere darin zu sehen, daß hier Bogenhochhalter Verwendung finden, die ohnehin in der Maschine vorgesehen sind und der Probebogenentnahme dienen. Bei der photoelektrischen Meßvorrichtung kann es sich dabei um eine densitometrische, farbmetrische oder spektralphotometrische Meßvorrichtung handeln. Bei einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Einrichtung kann vorgesehen sein, daß nach einem festen Programmzyklus Probebogen ausgemessen werden. Dabei ist es insbesondere möglich, während verschiedener Prozeßphasen unterschiedliche Meßzyklen anzuwenden. Während des Fortdruckes ist es möglich einen Probebogen beispielsweise alle 500 Bogen auszumessen. Nach einem Stopper wären beispielsweise alle 50 Bogen ein Meßvorgang vorzusehen. Während der besonders kritischen Phase des Maschinenanlaufes könnte insbesondere alle 20 Bogen ein Meßvorgang vorzusehen sein. According to the invention it is provided that a photoelectric movable on a traverse Measuring device scans the pressure control strip on the leading edge of the sheet while the holding-up device used to take the sample sheet is the following and otherwise the Hold the pressure control strip and the sheet obstructing the measuring device. A An advantage of the invention can be seen in particular in the fact that here bow support is used find that are already provided in the machine and the sample sheet to serve. The photoelectric measuring device can be a densitometric, act colorimetric or spectrophotometric measuring device. With one according to the invention trained device can be provided that after a fixed Program cycle sample sheets can be measured. It is particularly possible use different measuring cycles during different process phases. While During production, it is possible to measure a test sheet, for example every 500 sheets. After a stopper, for example, a measuring process would have to be provided every 50 sheets. During the particularly critical phase of the machine start-up, everyone could 20 sheets a measuring process must be provided.
Des weiteren erfolgt Erläuterung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- die erfindungsgemäße Meßvorrichtung während der normalen Bogenablage,
- Fig. 2
- die erfindungsgemäße Meßvorrichtung während des Abtastens eines Bogens,
- Fig. 3
- perspektivisch die erfindungsgemäße Meßvorrichtung während eines Meßvorganges,
- Fig. 4
- eine Draufsicht auf den Auslegerstapel mit der erfindungsgemäßen Meßvorrichtung, und
- Fig. 5
- die Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Meßvorrichtung im Detail.
- Fig. 1
- the measuring device according to the invention during normal sheet placement,
- Fig. 2
- the measuring device according to the invention while scanning a sheet,
- Fig. 3
- perspective the measuring device according to the invention during a measuring process,
- Fig. 4
- a plan view of the boom stack with the measuring device according to the invention, and
- Fig. 5
- the view of the measuring device according to the invention in detail.
Fig. 1 zeigt den Ausleger 1 einer nicht dargestellten Bogenoffsetdruckmaschine mit einem darin eingestellten Stapel 2. In an sich bekannter Weise werden hier die Bogen über an endlos umlaufenden Ketten geführten Greifersystemen von einem letzten bogenführenden Zylinder bzw. Trommel abgenommen und auf der Oberseite des Stapels 2 abgelegt. Der Stapel 2 ist auf einer vertikal verfahrbaren Stapelhubplatte 3 aufgestellt, so daß die Oberkante des Stapels 2 innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Toleranzbereiches aufder gleichen Höhe verbleibt. Fig. 1 shows the delivery 1 of a sheetfed offset press, not shown, with a stack 2 set therein. In a manner known per se, the sheets are over here endless circulating chains guided gripper systems from a last sheet guiding Cylinder or drum removed and placed on the top of the stack 2. Of the Stack 2 is placed on a vertically movable stack lifting plate 3, so that the upper edge of the stack 2 within a predetermined tolerance range at the same height remains.
An der Oberkante des Stapels 2 sind in Bogenlaufrichtung der Bogen schwenkbare Vorderkantenanschläge 4 angeordnet, welche gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 1 eine vertikale Orientierung einnehmen, so daß die abgelegten Bogen mit ihrer Vorderkante eine gerade Vorderseite des Stapels 2 ergeben. Mit den schwenkbaren Vorderkantenanschlägen 4 wirken ferner zur Probebogenentnahme sogenannte Bogenhochhalter 5 zusammen, welche ein- und ausfahrbare Finger 6 aufweisen, wobei in der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 diese Finger 6 sich im eingefahrenen Zustand befinden. At the upper edge of the stack 2, the sheet is pivotable leading edge stops in the sheet running direction 4 arranged, which is a vertical as shown in Fig. 1 Take orientation so that the deposited sheets are straight with their front edge Reveal front of stack 2. Work with the swiveling front edge stops 4 furthermore, so-called sheet holders 5, which are used for sample sheet removal have retractable and extendable fingers 6, these being shown in the illustration according to FIG. 1 Finger 6 are in the retracted state.
In Fig. 1 und 2 ist dargestellt, daß an einer Traverse 7 quer zur Formatbreite der auf dem Stapel 2 aufliegenden Bogen verfahrbar eine Meßvorrichtung 8 angebracht ist. Diese wird über nicht weiter dargestellte und an sich bekannte Antriebe sowie Fördermittel entlang der Erstreckung der Traverse 7 verfahren. In Fig. 1 and 2 it is shown that on a traverse 7 transverse to the width of the on the A measuring device 8 is attached to stack 2 of the sheets lying thereon. This will via not shown and known drives and funding along the Extend the traverse 7.
Ausgehend von der Situation gemäß Fig. 1, welche der normalen Ablage von Bogen auf dem Stapel 2 entspricht, werden nun die Bogenhochhalter 5 aktiviert, wobei deren Finger 6 von der eingefahrenen Position (Fig. 1) in die ausgefahrene Position verfahren werden. Gleichzeitig werden zusätzliche Anschläge 9 ausgefahren, welche verhindern, daß die auf den Fingern 6 der Bogenhochhalter 5 mit ihrem vorderen Teil abgelegten Bogen über die Vorderkante des Stapels 2 hinausschießen. Ebenfalls werden die Vorderkantenanschläge 4 aus der aufrechten Position gemäß Fig. 1 in eine horizontale Position gemäß Fig. 2 verschwenkt. Die aufgezählten Komponenten werden durch nicht dargestellte pneumatisch und/oder elektrisch ansteuerbare Betätigungsorgane von einer noch weiter unten stehend erläuterte Steuer-/und Auswerteeinrichtung fernbetätigt. Die nun mit ihrem vorderen Bereich aufden Fingern 6 der Bogenhochhalter 5 sich ablegenden Bogen bilden mit der Oberkante des zuletzt auf dem Stapel 2 gänzlich abgelegten Bogens einen keilförmigen Spalt, der den an der Bogenvorderkante angebrachten Druckkontrollstreifen 10 freigibt, so daß die Meßvorrichtung 8 diesen abtasten kann. Based on the situation shown in FIG. 1, which is the normal storage of sheets corresponds to the stack 2, the sheet holder 5 are now activated, their fingers 6 can be moved from the retracted position (FIG. 1) to the extended position. At the same time additional stops 9 are extended, which prevent the on the fingers 6 of the sheet holder 5 with its front part of the sheet deposited over the Shoot out the front edge of stack 2. The front edge stops 4 from the upright position according to FIG. 1 into a horizontal position according to FIG. 2 panned. The components listed are pneumatic by means not shown and / or electrically controllable actuators from a still further below explained control and evaluation device operated remotely. Now with its front area on the fingers 6 of the sheet retainer 5, the sheets are deposited with the upper edge a wedge-shaped gap in the sheet that was finally completely deposited on stack 2, which releases the pressure control strip 10 attached to the front edge of the sheet, so that the measuring device 8 can scan this.
Fig. 3 zeigt die Situation gemäß Fig. 2 in perspektivischer Darstellung. Gezeigt sind hier die ausgefahrenen Finger 6 der nicht dargestellten Bogenhochhalter 5 sowie die vertikal nach unten ausgefahrenen zusätzlichen Anschläge 9. Erkennbar tauchen die Anschläge 9 in die Zwischenräume der als Laschen ausgebildeten einzelnen Vorderkantenanschläge 4 ein. In der Darstellung nach Fig. 3 wurde hier ein Meßvorgang durch die Meßvorrichtung 8 eingeleitet, wobei hier die Meßvorrichtung 8 von einer links des Stapels 2 befindlichen Parkposition den Traversiervorgang des Druckkontrollstreifens 10 beginnt. In der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 3 ist dabei ferner zu erkennen, wie die hier gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel vorgesehenen beiden Finger 6 die darauf sich ablegenden Bogen hochhalten. FIG. 3 shows the situation according to FIG. 2 in perspective. Are shown here the extended fingers 6 of the sheet holder 5, not shown, and the vertical Additional stops 9 extended downwards. As can be seen, the stops 9 are immersed in the spaces between the individual front edge stops 4 designed as tabs. 3, a measuring process was carried out by the measuring device 8 initiated, here the measuring device 8 from one to the left of the stack 2 Parking position the traversing process of the print control strip 10 begins. In the illustration 3 can also be seen, such as here according to the embodiment provided two fingers 6 hold up the sheets lying thereon.
Fig. 4 zeigt noch einmal die Oberseite des Stapels 2 bzw. den daraufliegenden Bogen mit dem Druckkontrollstreifen 10. Der durch die in dieser Figur nicht dargestellten Finger 6 der Bogenhochhalter 5 zur Ablage aufder Oberseite des Stapels 2 gehinderte Bogen ist hier nicht dargestellt. Wiedergegeben sind die in die horizontale Position abgeschwenkten Vorderkantenanschläge 4 sowie die aufden nicht dargestellten und auf den Fingern 6 der Bogenhochhalter 5 abgelegten Bogen einwirkenden zusätzlichen Anschläge 9. Die auf der Traverse 7 parallel zur Erstreckungsrichtung des Druckkontrollstreifens 10 verfahrbare Meßvorrichtung 8 befindet sich hier in einer links des Stapels 2 befindlichen Parkposition. Nachdem nun die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung aus einer Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1 in die zum Abtasten eines Bogens bzw. dessen Druckkontrollstreifens 10 vorgesehene Anordnung gemäß Fig. 2 verbracht worden ist, wird nun eine Traversierbewegung der Meßvorrichtung 8 eingeleitet. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Meßvorrichtung 8 den Bogen bzw. den Druckkontrollstreifen 10 stets aus der gleichen Parkposition überfährt, d.h. nach einer Bewegung von links nach rechts über den Stapel 2 wieder in die vorherige Parkposition zurückkehrt. Erfindungsgemäß weiterbildend ist aber vorgesehen, daß die Meßvorrichtung 8 jeweils einen Traversiervorgang von einer aktuellen Parkposition quer über das Bogenformat in eine nächste Parkposition durchführt. Ein nächster Traversiervorgang wird dann von dieser Parkposition ausgeführt. In Fig. 4 ist dargestellt, daß die aktuelle Parkposition der Meßvorrichtung 8 links des Stapels 2 befindlich ist Zusätzlich sind hier Sensoren 11 an beiden Enden der Traverse 7 angebracht, durch welche das Vorhandensein der Meßvorrichtung feststellbar ist. Die Sensoren 11 sind dabei als Näherungsschalter ausgebildet. In Fig. 4 ist ferner rechts des Stapels 2 gestrichelt die Position der Meßvorrichtung 8 wiedergegeben, wenn die Meßvorrichtung 8 nach einem Abtastvorgang des Druckkontrollstreifens 10 sich von links nach rechts bewegt hat. Ein nächster Meßvorgang für einen nächsten Probebogen wird dann von dieser gestrichelten Position ausgelöst. Fig. 4 shows again the top of the stack 2 or the sheet lying thereon the pressure control strip 10. The finger 6 not shown in this figure the sheet holder 5 is hindered sheets for storage on the top of the stack 2 not shown here. The ones swung into the horizontal position are shown Leading edge stops 4 and those on the not shown and on the fingers 6 of the Sheet holder 5 deposited sheet acting additional stops 9. The on the Traverse 7 movable parallel to the direction of extent of the pressure control strip 10 Measuring device 8 is here in a parking position to the left of stack 2. Now that the device according to the invention from an arrangement according to FIG. 1 in the arrangement provided for scanning a sheet or its print control strip 10 2 has been moved, there is now a traversing movement of the measuring device 8 initiated. It can be provided that the measuring device 8 the bow or always runs over the pressure control strip 10 from the same parking position, i.e. after a movement from left to right over stack 2 back to the previous parking position returns. According to the invention, however, it is provided that the Measuring device 8 each traverse from a current parking position across through the sheet format to a next parking position. A next traversing process is then executed from this parking position. 4 shows that the current Parking position of the measuring device 8 is located on the left of the stack 2 Sensors 11 attached to both ends of the crossbar 7, through which the presence the measuring device is detectable. The sensors 11 are designed as proximity switches. 4, the position of the measuring device is also shown in broken lines on the right of the stack 2 8 reproduced when the measuring device 8 after a scanning operation of the print control strip 10 has moved from left to right. A next measurement for a next test sheet is then triggered from this dashed position.
Fig. 5 zeigt noch einmal in vergrößerter Weise die Anordnung der auf der Traverse 7 verfahrbaren Meßvorrichtung 8. Die Vorderkantenanschläge 4 sind hierbei in der horizontalen Position, so daß entweder ein Meßvorgang durch die Meßvorrichtung 8 bzw. ein an sich bekannter Probebogenentnahmevorgang ausgeführt werden kann. Die ausgefahrenen Finger 6 der Bogenhochhalter 5 (Fig. 1 bis 3) sind hier nicht dargestellt. Durch die gestrichelten bzw. durchgezogenen Pfeile ist angedeutet, daß die Meßvorrichtung 8 und/oder die die Meßvorrichtung 8 tragende Traverse 7 in vertikaler und/oder horizontaler Weise verfahrbar ist. Angedeutet ist ferner, daß die Meßvorrichtung 8 zusätzlich noch eine die Vorderkante des Stapels 2 abtastende Einrichtung aufweisen kann, so daß über die vertikal und/oder horizontale verfahrbare Traverse 7 und/oder die Meßvorrichtung 8 bezüglich der Traverse 7 eben die Meßvorrichtung 8 stets in einem definierten Abstand zur Vorderkante des Stapels 2 und auch zur Oberseite des Bogens aufdem Stapel 2 verbringbar ist. Auch der Abstand der Meßvorrichtung 8 zur Oberfläche des abzutastenden Bogens wird durch nicht dargestellte Sensormittel erfaßt und über ansteuerbare Antriebe aufeinen konstanten Wert geregelt. Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, daß sich während des Abtastvorganges die Meßvorrichtung 8 über eine Rolle aufder Oberseite des abzutastenden Bogens abstützt. Die Rolle läuft dabei aufeinem unbedrucktem Bereich neben dem Druckkontrollsterifen, wodurch ein konstanter Abstand zwischen Meßoptik und Bogenoberfläche erzielt wird. Fig. 5 shows again in an enlarged manner the arrangement of the movable on the cross member 7 Measuring device 8. The front edge stops 4 are here in the horizontal Position, so that either a measuring process by the measuring device 8 or one per se known sample sheet removal process can be performed. The extended fingers 6 of the sheet support 5 (Fig. 1 to 3) are not shown here. Through the dashed or solid arrows indicate that the measuring device 8th and / or the traverse 7 carrying the measuring device 8 in vertical and / or horizontal Way is movable. It is also indicated that the measuring device 8 additionally one the front edge of the stack 2 can have a scanning device, so that the vertical and / or horizontal traverse 7 and / or the measuring device 8 with respect the traverse 7 just the measuring device 8 always at a defined distance from the front edge of the stack 2 and also to the top of the sheet on the stack 2 is. Also the distance of the measuring device 8 to the surface of the sheet to be scanned is detected by sensor means, not shown, and combined via controllable drives constant value regulated. It is preferably provided that during the scanning process the measuring device 8 via a roller on the top of the sheet to be scanned supports. The roll runs on an unprinted area next to the print control sterile, whereby a constant distance between measuring optics and sheet surface is achieved becomes.
In Fig. 5 ist ferner angedeutet, daß die Meßvorrichtung 8 hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues derartig ausgebildet ist, so daß der unter den durch die Finger 6 der Bogenhochhalter 5 hereinreichende Bereich der Meßvorrichtung 8 möglichst klein baut. Insbesondere findet hier eine Meßvorrichtung 8 Verwendung, welche über lichtleitende Elemente sowohl die Beleuchtung als auch die Remissionen der Meßfelder des Druckkontrollstreifens 10 über Lichtleiter oder dgl. bewerkstelligt. In Fig. 5 is also indicated that the measuring device 8 in terms of its structure is formed so that the under the fingers 6 of the sheet 5 reaching area of the measuring device 8 is as small as possible. In particular takes place here a measuring device 8 use, which both the light-conducting elements Illumination as well as the remissions of the measuring fields of the pressure control strip 10 above Optical fiber or the like.
Die anhand der Beschreibung zu den Figuren 1 bis 5 beschriebenen Einrichtungen wie die schwenkbaren Vorderkantenanschläge 4, die Bogenhochhalter 5 mit den Fingern 6, die zusätzlichen Anschläge 9, die auf der Traverse 7 verfahrbare Meßvorrichtung 8 sowie die Parkposition der Meßvorrichtung 8 erfassenden Sensoren 11 sind dabei mit einer nicht dargestellten Steuer- und Auswerteschaltung verbunden. Die Steuer- und Auswerteschaltung bewirkt dabei wie eingangs erwähnt, daß insbesondere in bestimmten programmierbaren Meßzyklen Probebogen ausgemessen werden, wozu die Vorderkantenanschläge 4 aus einer vertikalen in eine horizontale Position verfahren, die Finger 6 der Bogenhochhalter 5, zusätzlich Anschläge 9 ausgefahren und sodann der Traversiervorgang der Meßvorrichtung 8 eingeleitet wird. Zusätzlich kann die Steuer- und Auswerteschaltung noch mit einer manuellen Betätigungseinrichtung versehen sein, so daß ein Meßvorgang auch manuell auslösbar ist. Es kann ferner auch ein weiteres Betätigungselement vorgesehen sein, vermittels dem die Finger 6 der Bogenhochhalter 5 nebst den Anschlägen 9 ausfahrbar sind, ohne daß ein Meßvorgang der Meßvorrichtung 8 eingeleitet wird. In dieser Situation ist dann in an sich bekannter Weise ein Probebogen von der Oberseite des Stapels 2 entnehmbar. The devices described with reference to the description of FIGS. 1 to 5, such as the swiveling front edge stops 4, the bow holder 5 with the fingers 6, the additional stops 9, the movable on the crossbar 7 measuring device 8 and the Sensors 11 detecting the parking position of the measuring device 8 are not shown Control and evaluation circuit connected. The control and evaluation circuit causes, as mentioned at the beginning, that in particular in certain programmable Measuring cycles of test sheets are measured, for which purpose the front edge stops 4 from a move vertically into a horizontal position, the fingers 6 of the sheet support 5, additionally stops 9 extended and then the traversing of the measuring device 8 is initiated. In addition, the control and evaluation circuit can still be used with a manual actuation device can be provided, so that a measuring process also manually can be triggered. A further actuating element can also be provided, by means of which the fingers 6 of the arch support 5 can be extended along with the stops 9, without a measuring process of the measuring device 8 being initiated. Is in this situation then a test sheet can be removed from the top of the stack 2 in a manner known per se.
Die Steuer- und Auswerteschaltung liest ferner die von der Meßvorrichtung 8 während eines Traversiervorganges über den Druckkontrollstreifen 10 anfallenden Meßwerte ein. Hier ist insbesondere vorgesehen, daß die von dem Druckkontrollstreifen 10 anfallenden Meßwerte der einzelnen Kontrollfelder gespeichert werden. In Abhängigkeit von der Parkposition, erfaßt durch die Sensoren 11, also der Stellung von welcher aus die Meßvorrichtung 8 den Meßvorgang ausführt, werden dann die einzelnen Meßwerte zur zonalen Zuordnung sortiert. Nachdem die einzelnen gespeicherten Meßwerte den einzelnen Zonen der Farbdosierung zugeordnet worden sind, kann aufgrund vorgegebener Soll-Werte in Verbindung mit den derartig erfaßten Ist-Werten eine automatische Verstellung der Farbzufuhr im Sinne einer Regelung eingeleitet werden. The control and evaluation circuit also reads from the measuring device 8 during a Traversing process via the pressure control strip 10. In particular, it is provided here that those arising from the pressure control strip 10 Measured values of the individual control fields are saved. Depending on the parking position, detected by the sensors 11, ie the position from which the measuring device 8 executes the measuring process, then the individual measured values for zonal assignment sorted. After the individual stored measured values the individual zones of the Color dosing can be assigned based on specified target values in connection With the actual values recorded in this way, an automatic adjustment of the ink supply be initiated in the sense of a regulation.
- 11
- Ausleger boom
- 22nd
- Stapel stack
- 33rd
- Stapeltragplatte Stack support plate
- 44th
- Vorderkantenanschläge Leading edge stops
- 55
- Bogenhochhalter Bow holder
- 66
- Finger finger
- 77
- Traverse traverse
- 88th
- Meßvorrichtung Measuring device
- 99
- Anschläge attacks
- 1010th
- Druckkontrollstreifen Print control strips
- 1111
- Sensor sensor
Claims (10)
- Sheet printing press, particularly an offset sheet printing press, in which printed sheets can be deposited in a delivery on the upper side of a pile and a print control strip arranged in the sheet running direction relative to the front edge of the sheet can be sensed by means of a photoelectric measuring device movable along a cross-member, wherein the cross-member extends across the format width of the sheets characterised in that the delivery (1) has sheet lifters (5) by means of which the front region in the sheet running direction of sheets to be deposited on the upper side of the pile (2) can be held up and the measuring device (8) is movable below the sheet lifters (5) and above a sheet with the print control strip (10) lying on the upper side of a pile (2) .
- Sheet printing press according to Claim 1, characterised in that the delivery (1) has front edge stops (4) swivellable from a vertical into a horizontal position for aligning the uppermost sheet of the pile (2).
- Sheet printing press according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the several sheet lifters (5) arranged spaced across the format width of the sheets of pile (2) have retractable and exendable fingers (6).
- Sheet printing press according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that as well as the sheet lifters (5), stops (9) are additionally provided by means of which the sheets prevented by the sheet lifters (5) from deposition on the upper side of the pile (2) can be brought into a defined front edge position.
- Sheet printing press according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a measuring process of the photoelectric measuring device (8) can be triggered by means of a control and evaluation device operatively connected with this, which additionally is operatively connected with sensors (11), by means of which it can be determined from which side of the pile (2) the measuring device (8) starts the traversing process.
- Sheet printing press according to Claim 5, characterised in that by the control and evaluation device, a storage of the measured values sensed by the photoelectric measuring device (8) at the print control strip (10) takes place and thereafter a coordination of the stored measured values can be carried out corresponding to the metering zones of the inking unit.
- Sheet printing press according to Claim 5 or 6, characterised in that via the control and evaluation device, both traversing processes for the photoelectric measuring device (8) and also a manual test sheet removal process can be triggered, for which, according to choice following activation of the sheet lifters (5), a or no traversing process of the measuring device (8) is initiated.
- Sheet printing press according to one of Claims 5-7, characterised in that by means of the control and evaluation device, both via an actuation element manually and also automatically in programmable cycles, predetermined measuring processes by the measuring device (8) can be triggered.
- Sheet printing press according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the measuring device (8) is movable in vertical and/or horizontal direction with reference to the front edge of the pile (2) seen in the sheet running direction of the sheets.
- Sheet printing press according to one of Claims 5-9, characterised in that during a measuring process by the photoelectric measuring device (8), a pile lifting drive effecting a vertical movement of the pile (2) is locked against movement by the control and evaluation device.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19525492 | 1995-07-13 | ||
DE19525492A DE19525492C1 (en) | 1995-07-13 | 1995-07-13 | Device for measuring in the delivery of a sheet printing machine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0753409A1 EP0753409A1 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
EP0753409B1 true EP0753409B1 (en) | 1998-05-06 |
Family
ID=7766702
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96109625A Expired - Lifetime EP0753409B1 (en) | 1995-07-13 | 1996-06-15 | Sheet printing press |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0753409B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2771516B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE165769T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19525492C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE257120T1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2004-01-15 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE TRANSPORT OF FLAT SPECIMENS |
DE19933287A1 (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-18 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Flat form transport monitoring method e.g. for folding machine at output of rotary printing press compares indicated number of handled forms with number of forms detected by spaced sensors |
JP2001080050A (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2001-03-27 | Komori Corp | Sheet rotary press |
JP3748194B2 (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2006-02-22 | 大日本スクリーン製造株式会社 | Printing color management method and prepress printing system |
EP1762387B1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2014-05-14 | Dainippon Screen Mfg., Co., Ltd. | Printing press equipped with color chart measuring apparatus |
DE102004058376B4 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2010-08-19 | Manroland Ag | Device for sample sheet removal |
DE102006061997A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Techkon Gmbh | Measuring unit for the continuous, automatic recording of color data |
DE102015210560B4 (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2020-05-28 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Delivery for a sheet processing machine and method for depositing sheets |
DE102015210557B4 (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2018-05-30 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Display for a sheet-processing machine and method for storing sheets |
DE102020129239A1 (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-05-12 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft | Improved sheet travel control |
DE102020125357A1 (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2022-03-31 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Feeder and method for operating a feeder of a sheet processing machine |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3108469A1 (en) * | 1981-03-06 | 1982-09-30 | M.A.N.- Roland Druckmaschinen AG, 6050 Offenbach | Device for measuring ink layer density by means of a densitometer |
DE4207107C1 (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-06-09 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag, 6050 Offenbach, De |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3040455A1 (en) * | 1980-05-27 | 1981-12-03 | Deutsche ICI GmbH, 2000 Hamburg | Printing ink metering mechanism - has densitometer measuring ink thickness at test positions on work |
DE3046417A1 (en) * | 1980-12-10 | 1982-07-29 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Rotary printing press continuous quality control system - feeds printed colour levels from measuring head under control of counter |
DD202850A1 (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1983-10-05 | Karl Marx | DEVICE FOR ARCING AND TESTING OF BENDING ARC |
DE3930782C1 (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1991-01-24 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag, 6900 Heidelberg, De |
-
1995
- 1995-07-13 DE DE19525492A patent/DE19525492C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-15 DE DE59600187T patent/DE59600187D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-15 EP EP96109625A patent/EP0753409B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-15 AT AT96109625T patent/ATE165769T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-10 JP JP8180982A patent/JP2771516B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3108469A1 (en) * | 1981-03-06 | 1982-09-30 | M.A.N.- Roland Druckmaschinen AG, 6050 Offenbach | Device for measuring ink layer density by means of a densitometer |
DE4207107C1 (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-06-09 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag, 6050 Offenbach, De |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0929945A (en) | 1997-02-04 |
DE59600187D1 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
ATE165769T1 (en) | 1998-05-15 |
EP0753409A1 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
DE19525492C1 (en) | 1996-12-12 |
JP2771516B2 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
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