EP0751342B1 - Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage mit einem gestuften Verbrennungssystem - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage mit einem gestuften Verbrennungssystem Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0751342B1 EP0751342B1 EP96810354A EP96810354A EP0751342B1 EP 0751342 B1 EP0751342 B1 EP 0751342B1 EP 96810354 A EP96810354 A EP 96810354A EP 96810354 A EP96810354 A EP 96810354A EP 0751342 B1 EP0751342 B1 EP 0751342B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- air
- fuel
- stage
- flame stabilization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
- F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
- F23C6/042—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with fuel supply in stages
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of operation a system with a staged combustion system according to Preamble of claim 1.
- the expert in the field of combustion has many Publications have meanwhile become known that a premixed combustion at very low pollutant emissions leads.
- the NOx and CO emissions are here in the Foregrounds.
- the premixed combustion unfolds of course, its advantages and advantages, if the fuels used belong to the class of so-called "clean fuels" belong to it are characterized in that they are not fuel-bound Nitrogen and no sulfur or Sulfur compounds include.
- a further reduction in pollutant emissions can be achieved if the combustion in their The whole is divided, for example if the total available combustion air in partial flows is divided, these substreams, according to their Amount to be mixed with different fuel contents.
- a premixed combustion also needs a backflow and flame stabilization Mixing zone to the inflowing fuel / air mixture by another admixture with a hot gaseous one Bring medium, for example with an exhaust gas, to ignition.
- Numerical calculations with extensive reaction mechanisms have shown that the result of this admixture forming intensive mixing zone essential for the formation of the NOx contributes.
- One way to weight the mixing zone to reduce NOx formation is to reduce the fuel / air mixture continue to lose weight. However, this leads Precautions with the usual burner designs resp. Firing systems regularly to extinguish the flame.
- WO 92 16792 discloses a Heat generator with two regarding the flow to operate a series of combustion stages.
- the first stage is with a Fuel-air mixture operated; which opposite an excess of air for the globally targeted air ratio having.
- the resulting hot gas is in the second stage with a fuel-air mixture mixed, that relative to the total ventilation number is fuel-rich. Although thus in the second stage a mixture with the target If the total air ratio is set, the combustion with air numbers different from the total air number performed.
- the invention seeks to remedy this.
- the invention how it is characterized in the claims, the task lies the basis for a procedure of the type mentioned at the beginning Pollutant emissions, especially what the NOx emissions concerns to minimize.
- the method according to the invention is for use in gas turbines with a global air ratio of Adjust combustion of 2. Particularly suitable is a procedure in which the air ratio transmits 2.4 in the first combustion stage, and the dwell time in the first stage is around 2.5 msec lies; in the second stage there is a fuel-air mixture initiated with an air ratio of 1.4. Well tolerable deviations from the specified Numerical values are +/- 25% relative.
- a major advantage of the invention is accordingly in it see that in addition to good flame stabilization strong reduction in NOx emissions can be achieved.
- the invention with a lean flame stabilization zone generates 50% less NOx compared to the state of the Combustion techniques belonging to technology.
- the invention can also be easily put into practice, by staging the combustion initially with a proportional large flame stabilization zone with a lean one Fuel / air mixture is introduced. It will hot, not yet completely burned out gas after leaving this zone with the remaining slightly richer fuel / air mixture mixed, then in a second combustion stage to get to the combustion. The Combustion gases from the flame stabilization zone are still so hot that the newly entered fuel / air mixture without special flame stabilization measures ignites by itself and burns out completely.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a lean Mixture-stabilized flame stabilization using a tiered fuel / air guidance.
- This stepped fuel / air guidance has the final purpose, the total air ratio of the combustion system across the various combustion stages by appropriate divisions on a predetermined Maintain level.
- the first stage of combustion 1 operated as a flame stabilization zone.
- the fuel / air mixture used here 3 has an air ratio that is greater than the total air ratio of the combustion system, which is the Combustion air used is consequently only one Part of the total available air flow is; within this zone is therefore a lean Fuel / air mixture 3 operated.
- the other part of the combustion air gets a bigger fuel content, so that the fuel / air mixture that arises here 4 has an air ratio that is smaller than that said total combustion system air number; here is therefore operated with a richer fuel / air mixture.
- What is the total air number of the combustion system concerns it is for combustion chambers of gas turbines preferably 2, with variations depending on the parameters down and up are possible.
- a total air number of the Combustion system of 2 can be achieved if the Air ratio for the fuel / air mixture 3 for the flame stabilization zone 1 is raised to 2.4, and that for the second combustion stage 2 is still 1.4, with these air numbers from a dwell time within the flame stabilization zone 1 on the order of 2.4 msec is assumed.
- the latter fuel / air mixture 4 with an air ratio less than the underlying total air ratio of the combustion system, is at the flame stabilization zone 1 over into the hot combustion gases 5 initiated in this zone.
- Now for flame stabilization hot gas backmixing is no longer necessary, burns the existing mixture in a second downstream Combustion level 2 without a significant further one NOx formation.
- this second combustion stage 2 there is therefore a perfectly premixed fuel / air mixture before, its air ratio with the underlying total air ratio of the combustion system.
- the hot gases 6 from the second combustion stage 2 are then the working gases to apply a downstream one, for example Turbine.
- FIG. 1a A practical embodiment variant is shown schematically in FIG the staged combustion with a large flame stabilization zone 1a.
- the latter zone 1a is from relatively large extension and will, as above already described, operated lean.
- the lean fuel / air mixture will be aimed for 3 in rays 3a high speed into this zone 1a injected, as shown in Fig. 2 based on the various shown arrows.
- To achieve a strong Turbulence i.e. to achieve a fully mixed Flame stabilization zone 1a, can be a highly twisted one Flow or the use of swirl or mixing elements be provided.
- this flame stabilization zone 1a After leaving this flame stabilization zone 1a is hot, but not yet completely burned out combustion gas 5 in a downstream second combustion stage 2a with the rest Combustion air mixed, this air with something richer fuel / air mixture operated, i.e. the air ratio is smaller than the total air ratio of the combustion system. Since the combustion gas 5 from the flame stabilization zone 1a, as already mentioned above, is sufficiently hot ignites what has been initiated in the second combustion stage Fuel / air mixture 4 by itself, without this special To have to provide flame stabilization measures.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer mageren Flammenstabilisierung mit gestufter Brennstoff/Luft-Führung und
- Fig. 2
- eine schematisch dargestellte Ausführungsvariante einer gestuften Verbrennung mit einer grossen Flammenstabilisierungszone.
- 1
- Erste Verbrennungsstufe, Flammenstabilisierungszone
- 1a
- Flammenstabilisierungszone
- 2
- Zweite Verbrennunsstufe
- 2a
- Zweite Verbrennungsstufe
- 3
- Mageres Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch
- 3a
- Stahlen des Gemisches 3 in die Flammenstabilisierungszone
- 4
- Fetteres Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch
- 5
- Heisse Verbrennungsgase
- 6
- Heissgase zur Beaufschlagung einer Strömungsmaschine
Claims (1)
- Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage mit einem gestuften Verbrennungssystem, wobei die Anlage im wesentlichen aus einer ersten Verbrennungsstufe (1) und mindestens einer zweiten nachgeschalteten Verbrennungsstufe (6) besteht, wobei die erste Verbrennungsstufe (1, 1a) mit einem Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch (3) betrieben wird, dessen Luftzahl grösser als die Gesamtluftzahl des Verbrennungssystems gehalten wird, und dass die heissen Verbrennungsgase (5) aus der ersten Verbrennungsstufe (1, 1a) mit einem Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch (4) vermischt werden, dessen Luftzahl kleiner als die Gesamtluftzahl des Verbrennungssystems gehalten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch (3) für die erste Verbrennungsstufe (1, 1a), bei einer Verweilzeit innerhalb dieser ersten Verbrennungsstufe von 2,4 msec +/-25%, mit einer Luftzahl von 2,4 +/-25% zur Verbrennung kommt, und dass das in die heissen Verbrennungsgase (5) eingeleitete Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch (4) eine Luftzahl von 1,4 +/-25% besitzt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19523093 | 1995-06-26 | ||
| DE19523093A DE19523093A1 (de) | 1995-06-26 | 1995-06-26 | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage mit einem gestuften Verbrennungssystem |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0751342A2 EP0751342A2 (de) | 1997-01-02 |
| EP0751342A3 EP0751342A3 (de) | 1998-05-20 |
| EP0751342B1 true EP0751342B1 (de) | 2001-12-19 |
Family
ID=7765230
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96810354A Expired - Lifetime EP0751342B1 (de) | 1995-06-26 | 1996-05-31 | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage mit einem gestuften Verbrennungssystem |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5918457A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0751342B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH0914604A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19523093A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10100730C2 (de) * | 2001-01-10 | 2002-11-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Gasbrenner für einen Wassererhitzer |
| DE10112864A1 (de) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-19 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Verfahren zum Zünden einer thermischen Turbomaschine |
| US6868676B1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2005-03-22 | General Electric Company | Turbine containing system and an injector therefor |
| US7886545B2 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2011-02-15 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems to facilitate reducing NOx emissions in combustion systems |
| US20100095649A1 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-22 | General Electric Company | Staged combustion systems and methods |
| US9551492B2 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2017-01-24 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine engine system and an associated method thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0816531B2 (ja) * | 1987-04-03 | 1996-02-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ガスタ−ビン燃焼器 |
| US4910957A (en) * | 1988-07-13 | 1990-03-27 | Prutech Ii | Staged lean premix low nox hot wall gas turbine combustor with improved turndown capability |
| US5013236A (en) * | 1989-05-22 | 1991-05-07 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Ultra-low pollutant emission combustion process and apparatus |
| JPH06509158A (ja) * | 1991-03-15 | 1994-10-13 | ラジアン コーポレーション | 多孔質マトリクスエレメント内の燃焼装置及び方法 |
| US5271729A (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1993-12-21 | Selas Corporation Of America | Inspirated staged combustion burner |
-
1995
- 1995-06-26 DE DE19523093A patent/DE19523093A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-05-28 US US08/654,119 patent/US5918457A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-31 EP EP96810354A patent/EP0751342B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-31 DE DE59608478T patent/DE59608478D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-07 JP JP8146005A patent/JPH0914604A/ja not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0751342A3 (de) | 1998-05-20 |
| JPH0914604A (ja) | 1997-01-17 |
| US5918457A (en) | 1999-07-06 |
| DE59608478D1 (de) | 2002-01-31 |
| EP0751342A2 (de) | 1997-01-02 |
| DE19523093A1 (de) | 1997-01-02 |
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