EP0750731B1 - Destructive, especially complete combustion, process - Google Patents
Destructive, especially complete combustion, process Download PDFInfo
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- EP0750731B1 EP0750731B1 EP95909576A EP95909576A EP0750731B1 EP 0750731 B1 EP0750731 B1 EP 0750731B1 EP 95909576 A EP95909576 A EP 95909576A EP 95909576 A EP95909576 A EP 95909576A EP 0750731 B1 EP0750731 B1 EP 0750731B1
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- sand
- fluidised bed
- water vapour
- combusted
- combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- the invention relates to a method for the complete combustion of carbon compounds, such as. B. plastics, hydrocarbons, uncoated or coated paper, sewage sludge and with halogen-containing material such as PVC, mixed wood waste, in a fluidized bed combustion chamber (1) according to the preamble of claims 1 or 2.
- carbon compounds such as. B. plastics, hydrocarbons, uncoated or coated paper, sewage sludge and with halogen-containing material such as PVC, mixed wood waste
- DE-A1 4026272 discloses the staged incineration of waste by degassing and incineration in two separate fluidized beds.
- the degassing takes place in a flue gas atmosphere by converting CO 2 into CO, which means that only a small amount of heat can be removed from the plastic gasification process by chemical setting, so that the plastic ultimately melts and encrusts.
- the resulting flammable exhaust gases are burned in a downstream combustion chamber without additional fuels at temperatures above 1200 ° C. In the gasification zone, when there is a lack of oxygen, the combustion is throttled, and when plastic waste is burned, the same melts, so that lumps form which give rise to disturbances in the fluidized bed.
- the invention has set itself the task of eliminating the disadvantages mentioned and simplifying the plant required for this, the combustion of the carbon compounds being controlled so that the formation of slag is avoided and the combustible part is completely converted into heat, with the volatile substances are first split off in a water vapor atmosphere at temperatures between 300 ° C and 850 ° C, whereby the calorific value of the substance is reduced before the actual combustion, so that the combustion temperature certainly remains below the softening of the sand and the fluidization property of the sand is not influenced by grain size.
- a preliminary stage (7) is provided in the form of a fluidized-bed fluidized fluid chamber in which the volatile substances are split off from the carbon compounds in a water vapor atmosphere, with an endothermic conversion of the water vapor into hydrogen and the volatile carbon into carbon monoxide .
- This measure reduces the calorific value of the carbon compounds, so that a lower combustion chamber temperature is reached during the actual combustion in the combustion chamber (1), at which slag formation is no longer possible.
- the conversion of plastics in a steam atmosphere does not take place quantitatively to CO, CO 2 and H 2 .
- Some of the hydrocarbons remain in the form of aliphatic C x H y compounds.
- the formation of aromatics is suppressed because they only form at very low oxygen partial pressures. At higher temperatures, aromatics already form at higher oxygen partial pressures and are therefore more difficult to suppress. The formation of soot and aromatics is undesirable and leads to the precursors of dioxins. So indirectly for the formation of dioxins.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur vollständigen Verbrennung von Kohlenstoffverbindungen, wie z. B. Kunststoffen, Kohlenwasserstoffen, unbeschichtetem oder beschichtetem Papier, Klärschlamm und mit halogenhältigem Material, wie PVC, vermischten Holzabfällen, in einer Wirbelschichtbrennkammer (1) gemäß Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 oder 2.The invention relates to a method for the complete combustion of carbon compounds, such as. B. plastics, hydrocarbons, uncoated or coated paper, sewage sludge and with halogen-containing material such as PVC, mixed wood waste, in a fluidized bed combustion chamber (1) according to the preamble of
Es ist bekannt, daß Kunststoffabfälle rasch unter Rußbildung verbrennen, wobei sich eine schlackenartige schwer brennbare Schmelze ergibt, die relativ große Kohlenwasserstoffmoleküle, Ruß aber auch Dioxinbausteine durch Kondensation enthält und einen Heizwertverlust durch Unverbranntes verursacht. Es ist ferner bekannt, daß durch zu hohe Bettemperaturen der zu Fluidisierung verwendete Sand aufschmilzt und durch Korngrößenveränderung im Wirbelbett Anlaß zu Schwierigkeiten gibt. Die Bildung von Ruß und hochmolekularen Kohlenwasserstoffen führt zu erhöhten CO-Werten im Rauchgas und erhöht den organischen Kohlenstoffgehalt im Abgas der Verbrennungsanlage. Hohe Brennkammertemperaturen verbessern den Ausbrand. In einer Wirbelschicht ist jedoch die Temperatur der Brennkammer durch den Ascheerweichungspunkt begrenzt.It is known that plastic waste burns quickly with the formation of soot, resulting in a slag-like flame-retardant melt which contains relatively large hydrocarbon molecules, soot but also dioxin components through condensation and causes a loss in calorific value due to the unburned. It is also known that the sand used for fluidization melts due to excessively high bed temperatures and gives rise to difficulties due to grain size changes in the fluidized bed. The formation of soot and high-molecular hydrocarbons leads to increased CO values in the flue gas and increases the organic carbon content in the exhaust gas from the incineration plant. High combustion chamber temperatures improve burnout. In a fluidized bed, however, the temperature of the combustion chamber is limited by the ash softening point.
Aus der DE-OS 25 32 994 ist ein Verfahren zur Trocknung und gegebenenfalls Pyrolysierung von Produkten bekannt, wobei dem zu verbrennenden Material Wasser und/oder noch verwertbare Produkte durch ein Wärmebehandlungsverfahren entzogen wird. Es ist aber keine zweistufige Verbrennung geoffenbart. Die PCT 93/11388 zeigt ein ähnliches Verfahren zur Trockung von zu verbrennenden Substanzen, wodurch im Gegensatz zu unserer Erfindung die Verbrennung intensiviert wird und damit bei organischen Stoffen die Verklumpung und die nur teilweise Verbrennung gefördert wird. Aus der DE-OS 20 38 545 ist eine Anlage zum Vernichten von Festmüll in einer Verbrennungseinrichtung unter Druck und unter Einbindung einer Gasturbine bekannt, deren Abgase zur Behandlung des zu verbrennenden Festmülls dienen, der nach seiner Verkokung und vor seiner Verbrennung noch zur Abwasserreinigung eingesetzt wird, wobei Wassergas erzeugt wird.From DE-OS 25 32 994 a process for drying and optionally pyrolysing products is known, water and / or usable products being removed from the material to be burned by a heat treatment process. However, no two-stage combustion is disclosed. PCT 93/11388 shows a similar process for drying substances to be burned, which, in contrast to our invention, intensifies the combustion and thus promotes clumping and only partial combustion in organic substances. From DE-OS 20 38 545 a system for the destruction of solid waste in a combustion device under pressure and with the inclusion of a gas turbine is known, the exhaust gases of which are used to treat the solid waste to be burned, which after its coking and before its combustion is still used for waste water purification , whereby water gas is generated.
Die DE-A1 4026272 offenbart die gestufte Verbrennung von Abfällen durch Entgasung und Verbrennung in zwei getrennten Wirbelbetten. Die Entgasung erfolgt in Rauchgasatmosphäre durch CO2-Umwandlung in CO, wodurch aus dem Kunststoffvergasungsprozeß nur eine geringe Wärmemenge durch chemische Abbindung abgeführt werden kann, sodaß letztendendes der Kunststoff schmilzt und verkrustet. Die entstehenden brennbaren Abgase werden in einer nachgeschalteten Brennkammer ohne Zusatzbrennstoffe bei Temperaturen über 1200°C verbrannt. In der Vergasungszone wird bei Sauerstoffmangel die Verbrennung gedrosselt, wobei bei Verbrennung von Plastikabfällen dieselben schmelzen, sodaß eine Klumpenbildung auftritt, die im Wirbelbett zu Störungen Anlaß gibt. Um diesem Nachteil zu begegnen, erfolgt bei unserer Erfindung die Wärmezufuhr nicht durch Verbrennung, sondern durch den heißen Sand aus der Verbrennung, wobei gleichzeitig durch die Vergasung in Wasserdampfatmosphäre Wassergas in einem wärmeverzehrenden Prozeß erzeugt wird, sodaß das Sandmaterial abgekühlt wird und hochenergetische (wasserstoffhältige) Abgase entstehen, deren Verbrennung in der nachgeschalteten Brennkammer die Erreichung einer höheren Temperatur ermöglicht. Es wird also bei unserer Erfindung Wärme chemisch gebunden und später in der eigentlichen Verbrennung wieder freigesetzt.DE-A1 4026272 discloses the staged incineration of waste by degassing and incineration in two separate fluidized beds. The degassing takes place in a flue gas atmosphere by converting CO 2 into CO, which means that only a small amount of heat can be removed from the plastic gasification process by chemical setting, so that the plastic ultimately melts and encrusts. The resulting flammable exhaust gases are burned in a downstream combustion chamber without additional fuels at temperatures above 1200 ° C. In the gasification zone, when there is a lack of oxygen, the combustion is throttled, and when plastic waste is burned, the same melts, so that lumps form which give rise to disturbances in the fluidized bed. In order to counter this disadvantage, in our invention the heat is supplied not by combustion but by by the hot sand from the combustion, whereby at the same time gas gas is generated in a heat-consuming process by the gasification in a water vapor atmosphere, so that the sand material is cooled and high-energy (hydrogen-containing) exhaust gases are produced, the combustion of which enables a higher temperature to be reached in the downstream combustion chamber. In our invention, heat is chemically bound and later released again in the actual combustion.
Aus der DE-A-3726643 ist die Trocknung von feuchter Braunkohle vor ihrer Verbrennung bekannt, wobei der Brüden rezirkuliert wird, also kein Umbau der Kohlenwasserstoffe stattfindet. Die JP-A-56042008 offenbart eine Verbrennung in drei Stufen, in einer unterteilten Brennkammer, wobei der zu verbrennende Brennstoff zuerst unter Luftabschluß in Anwesenheit eines heißen Wärmeträgers pyrolisiert und dann nach Überströmen eines Wehres im Wirbelbett verbrannt wird. Der Wärmeträger wird dann nach dem Ausbrand heiß in die Pyrolysekammer zurückgeführt. Die bei der Pyrolyse und Restverbrennung entstehenden brennbaren Gase werden anschließend in einem gemeinsamen Raum verbrannt.DE-A-3726643 discloses the drying of moist brown coal before it is burned, the vapors being recirculated, that is to say no conversion of the hydrocarbons takes place. JP-A-56042008 discloses a three-stage combustion in a divided combustion chamber, the fuel to be burned being first pyrolyzed in the absence of air in the presence of a hot heat transfer medium and then being burned in a fluidized bed after overflowing a weir. The heat transfer medium is then returned hot to the pyrolysis chamber after the burnout. The combustible gases generated during pyrolysis and residual combustion are then burned in a common room.
Die Erfindung hat es sich zur Aufgabe gestellt, die angeführten Nachteile zu beheben und die hiezu benötigte Anlage zu vereinfachen, wobei die Verbrennung der Kohlenstoffverbindungen so gesteuert wird, daß die Schlackenbildung unterbleibt und der brennbare Teil vollständig in Wärme umgesetzt wird, wobei die leicht flüchtigen Substanzen zuerst in Wasserdampfatmosphäre bei Temperaturen zwischen 300°C und 850°C abgespalten werden, wodurch der Heizwert der Substanz vor der eigentlichen Verbrennung reduziert wird, sodaß die Verbrennungstemperatur mit Sicherheit unterhalb der Erweichung des Sandes verbleibt und die Fluidisierungseigenschaft des Sandes nicht durch Kornvergrößerung beeinflußt wird.The invention has set itself the task of eliminating the disadvantages mentioned and simplifying the plant required for this, the combustion of the carbon compounds being controlled so that the formation of slag is avoided and the combustible part is completely converted into heat, with the volatile substances are first split off in a water vapor atmosphere at temperatures between 300 ° C and 850 ° C, whereby the calorific value of the substance is reduced before the actual combustion, so that the combustion temperature certainly remains below the softening of the sand and the fluidization property of the sand is not influenced by grain size.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung wird in der Möglichkeit der Beseitigung von Klärschlamm gesehen, der zuerst unter Unterdruckbedingungen und Dampfbildung getrocknet und dann entgast und verbrannt wird.A major advantage of the invention is seen in the possibility of removing sewage sludge, which is first dried under vacuum conditions and steam formation and then degassed and burned.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 oder 2 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of
Wesentliche Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 3-10 angegeben.Essential embodiments of the invention are specified in subclaims 3-10.
Die Erfindung ist in den angeschlossenen Figuren 1 und 2 beispielsweise und schematisch dargestellt.The invention is shown, for example and schematically, in the connected FIGS. 1 and 2.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Verbrennung nach dem Prinzip einer zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht. Bei einer zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht ist die Brennkammer (1) im wesentlichen von einem turbulenten Gasfeststoffgemisch gefüllt, welches in einem nachgeschalteten Zyklon (2) in eine gasförmige und eine Feststofffraktion getrennt wird. Der Feststoff wird über die Leitung (3,4) wieder in die Brennkammer (1) eingebracht, wobei er mit Brennstoff über die Leitung (11) angereichert wird. Als Feststoff dient in den meisten Fällen Sand, der in seiner feinkörnigen Form ein Fluidisierungsmittel für den Brennstoff darstellt. Das Brennstoffsandgemisch wird in der Brennkammer (1) durch Lufteinblasung (12) fluidisiert, wobei die Verbrennung durch Zufuhr von Sekundärluft (5) und der Tertiärluft (6) zu Erreichung einer vollständigen Verbrennung gesteuert wird. Entstehende Asche wird in der Leitung (3 bzw. 4) ausgeschieden. Im Falle der Verbrennung von Kohlenstoffverbindungen, wie z. B. Kunststoffen oder auch Kohlenwasserstoffen, unbeschichtetes oder beschichtetes Papier, Klärschlämmen und auch von Holzabfällen mit oder ohne PVC-Beschichtungen, kurz Müll bezeichnet, entstehen insbesondere infolge der raschen Verbrennung der Kunststoffe örtlich hohe Temperaturen, die das Brennmaterial schmelzen und schlackenartige Rückstände bilden sowie den weiteren Abbrand der zu verbrennenden Substanzen erschweren und Klumpen bilden, die bei der Fluidisierung im Wirbelbett Schwierigkeiten bereiten und Unverbranntes einschließen. Es ist daher für den vollständigen Abbau dieser Kohlenstoffverbindungen eine Vorstufe (7) in Form einer mit Wasserdampf fluidisierten Wirbelschichtkammer vorgesehen in der die leichtflüchtigen Substanzen in Wasserdampfatmosphäre von den Kohlenstoffverbindungen abgespalten werden, wobei eine endotherme Umwandlung des Wasserdampfes in Wasserstoff und des flüchtigen Kohlenstoffes in Kohlenmonoxyd erfolgt. Durch diese Maßnahme wird der Heizwert der Kohlenstoffverbindungen reduziert, sodaß bei der eigentlichen Verbrennung in der Brennkammer (1) eine niedrigere Brennkammertemperatur erreicht wird, bei der eine Schlackenbildung nicht mehr möglich ist. Der Umsatz der Kunststoffe in Wasserdampfatmosphäre erfolgt nicht quantitativ zu CO, CO2 und H2. Es verbleibt ein Teil der Kohlenwasserstoffe in Form von aliphatischen CxHy-Verbindungen. Die Bildung von Aromaten wird unterdrückt, da sie erst bei sehr niedrigen Sauerstoffpartialdrücken gebildet werden. Bei höherer Temperatur erfolgt die Aromatenbildung bereits bei höherem Sauerstoffpartialdruck und ist daher schwieriger zu unterdrücken. Die Bildung von Ruß und Aromaten ist unerwünscht und führt zu den Prekursoren von Dioxinen. Also indirekt zur Bildung von Dioxinen.1 shows a combustion based on the principle of a circulating fluidized bed. In the case of a circulating fluidized bed, the combustion chamber (1) is essentially filled with a turbulent gas / solid mixture which is separated into a gaseous and a solid fraction in a downstream cyclone (2). The solid is returned to the combustion chamber (1) via line (3, 4), and is enriched with fuel via line (11). In most cases, sand is used as a solid, which in its fine-grained form is a fluidizing agent for the fuel. The fuel sand mixture is fluidized in the combustion chamber (1) by air injection (12), the combustion being controlled by supplying secondary air (5) and the tertiary air (6) to achieve complete combustion. Ashes are removed in line (3 or 4). In the case of combustion of carbon compounds, such as. B. Plastics or hydrocarbons, uncoated or coated paper, sewage sludge and also wood waste with or without PVC coatings, abbreviated to rubbish, arise locally due to the rapid combustion of the plastics, particularly high temperatures that melt the fuel and form slag-like residues and the make it more difficult to burn off the substances to be burned and form lumps which cause difficulties in fluidizing in the fluidized bed and include unburned substances. For the complete breakdown of these carbon compounds, a preliminary stage (7) is provided in the form of a fluidized-bed fluidized fluid chamber in which the volatile substances are split off from the carbon compounds in a water vapor atmosphere, with an endothermic conversion of the water vapor into hydrogen and the volatile carbon into carbon monoxide . This measure reduces the calorific value of the carbon compounds, so that a lower combustion chamber temperature is reached during the actual combustion in the combustion chamber (1), at which slag formation is no longer possible. Of the The conversion of plastics in a steam atmosphere does not take place quantitatively to CO, CO 2 and H 2 . Some of the hydrocarbons remain in the form of aliphatic C x H y compounds. The formation of aromatics is suppressed because they only form at very low oxygen partial pressures. At higher temperatures, aromatics already form at higher oxygen partial pressures and are therefore more difficult to suppress. The formation of soot and aromatics is undesirable and leads to the precursors of dioxins. So indirectly for the formation of dioxins.
Durch die Vorstufe (7) wird heißer als Wärmeträger dienender Sand geleitet, der durch den Schmelz und Vergasungsprozeß und die endotherme Wassergasbildung abgekühlt wird. In diesem Sinne ist die Wirbelbettverbrennung zweckmäßig als zirkulierende Wirbelschicht ausgebildet, wobei der zirkulierende Feststoff Sand und/oder Asche ist, in welchem zu spaltende Kohlenstoffverbindungen über eine Dampfzufuhr (13) eingebracht werden, wobei die Kohlenstoffverbindungen infolge der hohen Temperatur des Sandes schmelzen aber infolge von Sauerstoffmangel nicht verbrennen können und sich im Sand verteilen. Die flüchtigen gasförmigen Bestandteile reagieren mit dem Wasserdampf zur wärmeverbrauchenden Wassergasreaktion und es bildet sich Wasserstoff und Kohlenmonoxid. Wesentlich ist, daß die gasbildende Reaktion in einer stark turbulenten Zone, also in einem Wirbelbett, erfolgt, sodaß die aufgeschmolzenen zum Teil sich zersetzenden Substanzen sich gleichmäßig im Sand verteilen, und eine Tropfenbildung unterbleibt. Zweckmäßig ist die Sandmenge gewichtsmäßig mehr als 30-fach größer als jener der abzubauenden Kohlenstoffverbindungen.The precursor (7) passes hotter sand as heat transfer medium, which is cooled by the melting and gasification process and the endothermic water gas formation. In this sense, the fluidized bed combustion is expediently designed as a circulating fluidized bed, the circulating solid being sand and / or ash, in which carbon compounds to be split are introduced via a steam supply (13), the carbon compounds melting as a result of the high temperature of the sand but as a result of Lack of oxygen can not burn and spread in the sand. The volatile gaseous components react with the water vapor for the heat-consuming water gas reaction and hydrogen and carbon monoxide are formed. It is essential that the gas-forming reaction takes place in a highly turbulent zone, that is to say in a fluidized bed, so that the melted, partly decomposing substances are evenly distributed in the sand and no drop formation occurs. The amount of sand is expediently more than 30 times greater in weight than that of the carbon compounds to be mined.
Diese Brennstoff-Sandmischung wird nun unter Luftzufuhr in der eigentlichen Wirbelbettverbrennung ausgebrannt, sodaß im Zyklon (2) praktisch ausgebrannter Sand und Verbrennungsabgas getrennt wird. Dieses Abgas kann nun in einer weiteren Brennkammer (8) mit den in der Vorstufe (7) gebildeten Wassergas vermischt werden, wodurch infolge der entstehenden Verbrennung die Temperatur des Abgases noch weiter ansteigt, welches dann in den angeschlossenen Wärmetauschern (9 und 10) nutzbringend unter Bildung von Wasserdampf, insbesondere zur Gewinnung von elektrischer Energie abgekühlt werden kann.This fuel-sand mixture is now burned out with air supply in the actual fluidized bed combustion, so that practically burned-out sand and combustion exhaust gas are separated in the cyclone (2). This exhaust gas can now be mixed in a further combustion chamber (8) with the water gas formed in the preliminary stage (7), whereby the temperature of the exhaust gas rises further as a result of the combustion that occurs, which then is beneficial in the connected heat exchangers (9 and 10) Formation of water vapor, in particular for the generation of electrical energy, can be cooled.
Damit das Gas nicht unerwünschte Bestandteile wie z. B. Salzsäure oder auch Schwefelwasserstoff in die Brennkammer (8) einträgt, kann dieses in einer Trockenabsorptionskammer (14) von den unerwünschten Gasbestandteilen gereinigt werden und das den Wärmetauscher (10) verlassende Abgas ist arm an Schadstoff. Ein Teil dieses Gases kann zur Verbesserung der Fluidisierung, bzw. Temperaturregelung des Wirbelbettes wieder in die Wirbelschicht der Brennkammer (1) eingebracht werden.So that the gas does not contain undesirable components such. B. hydrochloric acid or hydrogen sulfide enters the combustion chamber (8), this can be cleaned in a dry absorption chamber (14) from the undesirable gas components and the heat exchanger (10) leaving the exhaust gas is low in pollutant. Part of this gas can be reintroduced into the fluidized bed of the combustion chamber (1) to improve the fluidization or temperature control of the fluidized bed.
Insbesondere bei der Klärschlammverbrennung ist es sinnvoll, die Vorstufe (7) mit Unterdruck zu betreiben, wobei der benötigte Dampf durch Vakuumverdampfung in einem Entgaser (15) erzeugt wird und der Klärschlamm dadurch entwässert bzw. die vom Klärschlamm abgetrennte Flüssigkeit verdampft wird.In the case of sewage sludge incineration in particular, it makes sense to operate the preliminary stage (7) with negative pressure, the steam required being generated by vacuum evaporation in a degasser (15) and the sewage sludge thereby being dewatered or the liquid separated from the sewage sludge being evaporated.
Wesentlich ist, daß die Verteilung, Schmelzung und Zersetzung des Brennstoffes in Wasserdampfatmosphäre erfolgt und die entstehenden gasförmigen Produkte anschließend mit Luftüberschuß verbrannt werden, wobei der Temperaturanstieg bei der Verbrennung der nun vereinfachten Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen zu keiner erhöhten Aromatenbildung und damit auch zu keiner Dioxinbildung bzw. Bildung der Dioxinpräkursoren führt. Die CO und H2-Bildung (Wassergasreaktion) senkt damit die Temperatur bei der Zersetzung des Brennstoffes ohne daß aromatische Verbindungen und/oder Ruß gebildet werden.It is essential that the distribution, melting and decomposition of the fuel takes place in a water vapor atmosphere and the resulting gaseous products are then burned with excess air, the temperature rise during the combustion of the now simplified hydrocarbon compounds resulting in no increased aromatics formation and thus also no dioxin formation or formation Dioxin precursors leads. The CO and H 2 formation (water gas reaction) thus lowers the temperature during the decomposition of the fuel without aromatic compounds and / or soot being formed.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann, wie Fig. 2 zeigt, auch eine stationäre Wirbelschicht verwendet werden bzw. kann das erzeugte Gas auch in das Wirbelbett eingeblasen werden und so die Schaltung vereinfacht werden. Gegebenenfalls kann auch zwischen der Wirbelschicht und der Einblasung des Entgasungsgases einer der beiden Wärmetauscher (9 und 10) angeordnet werden. Die letztere Maßnahme ist besonders wirkungsvoll wenn das Gas oberhalb der stationären Wirbelschicht eingeblasen wird.Within the scope of the invention, as shown in FIG. 2, a stationary fluidized bed can also be used, or the gas generated can also be blown into the fluidized bed, thus simplifying the circuit. If necessary, one of the two heat exchangers (9 and 10) can also be arranged between the fluidized bed and the injection of the degassing gas. The latter measure is particularly effective when the gas is blown in above the stationary fluidized bed.
In einer vereinfachten Ausführung wird der Brennstoff in das Wirbelbett (Plenum 20) über die Leitung (11) unter Dampfzufuhr (13) in die Brennkammer 1' eingebracht, wobei die Randzone (18) des Fließbettes in der Brennkammer 1' mit Dampf fluidisiert wird, während der Sauerstoffeintrag für die Verbrennung Über die Lufteinblasung (12) bzw. Rezirkulationsgaseinblasung erfolgt. Dadurch wird die eigentliche Verbrennung im Zentrum (19) des Fließbettes erzielt und kann einfach durch Luftzufuhr geregelt werden, während der Brennstoff durch Wärmezufuhr des absinkenden Sandes (Pfeil 17') in der Randzone (18) vergast und teilweise den fluidisierenden Wasserdampf in Wasserstoff aufspaltet, wobei der freiwerdende Sauerstoff durch den heißen Kohlenstoff unter CO-Bildung abgebunden wird. Diese gasförmigen Vergasungspunkte steigen im Wirbelbett auf (Pfeil 17) und verbrennen durch Primär- und Sekundärluftzufuhr (16) oberhalb der Brennstoffeinleitung.In a simplified embodiment, the fuel is introduced into the fluidized bed (plenum 20) via line (11) with steam supply (13) into the combustion chamber 1 ', the edge zone (18) of the fluidized bed in the combustion chamber 1' being fluidized with steam, during the oxygen input for combustion via the air injection (12) or recirculation gas injection he follows. As a result, the actual combustion in the center (19) of the fluidized bed is achieved and can be regulated simply by supplying air, while the fuel gasifies by supplying heat to the sinking sand (arrow 17 ') in the peripheral zone (18) and in some cases splits the fluidizing water vapor into hydrogen, the released oxygen is set off by the hot carbon with the formation of CO. These gaseous gasification points rise in the fluidized bed (arrow 17) and burn through the primary and secondary air supply (16) above the fuel inlet.
Dadurch kommt es zu einer Zirkulation des Sandes (Pfeil 17 und 17') im Wirbelbett, welcher im Zentrum nach aufwärts und in der Randzone nach abwärts strömt. Somit wird der Vergasung in der Randzone (18) ständig heißer Sand zugeführt, der in dieser abgekühlt und an der Verbrennungszone im Zentrum (19) während seines Aufsteigens wieder erhitzt wird.This results in a circulation of the sand (
Claims (10)
- Process for complete combustion of carbon composites, for example plastic materials, hydrocarbons, uncoated or coated paper, sewage sludge and mixed wood wastes with halogen containing material, such as PVC, in a fluidised bed combustion chamber (1) in the presence of fluidising material in a solid a gaseous form, for example sand and water vapour, and the carbon composites are initially partially decomposed in a pre-stage (7), whereafter still combustible remainders are combusted and gaseous reaction products produced in the pre-stage (7) are combusted with the waste gas of the fluidised bed combustion chamber (1), characterised in that, for the purpose of preventing a formation of high molecular condensation products, the conversion of carbon is carried out in two stages, and carbon composites to be combusted are entered with at least 30 times the weight volume of hot sand from the recirculation as a heat carrier in low oxygen atmosphere into a turbulent fluidised bed, which is fluidised by delivery of water vapour (13), of the pre-stage (7) of the fluidised bed combustion chamber (1), and the carbon composites are split in a water vapour atmosphere whilst forming water gas and light volatile low molecular hydrocarbons, and discharging decomposing reactions of light volatile low molecular hydrocarbons, which formed during gasification by melting or splitting the hydrocarbon composites, in a water vapour containing atmosphere at temperatures above 400°C, and gaseous reaction products, such as water gas and light volatile low molecular hydrocarbons, are separated from sand and remaining solid and low volatile portions of the carbon composites, and in the fluidised bed combustion chamber (1) the remaining solid or low volatile portion of the carbon composites, such as hydrocarbons and produced carbon, are combusted with further combustible materials, such as coal and/or gaseous reaction products from gasification reaction, with a surplus of air whilst heating the sand.
- Process for complete combustion of carbon composites, for example plastic materials, hydrocarbons, uncoated or coated paper, sewage sludge and wood wastes mixed with halogen containing material, such as PVC, in a fluidised bed combustion chamber (1) in the presence of fluidising means in a solid and gaseous state, for example sand and water vapour, and the carbon composites are initially partially decomposed, and still combustible remainders are subsequently combusted, and produced gaseous reaction products are combusted with the waste gas of the fluidised bed combustion chamber (1), characterised in that, for the purpose of preventing a formation of high molecular condensation products, the conversion of carbon is carried out in two stages, and carbon composites to be combusted are entered with at least 30 times the weight volume of hot sand from the internal recirculation as a heat carrier in low oxygen atmosphere into a turbulent edge zone of the fluidised bed combustion chamber (1), which is fluidised by delivery of water vapour (13), and the carbon composites are split in a water vapour atmosphere whilst forming water gas and light volatile low molecular hydrocarbons, and discharging decomposing reactions of light volatile low molecular hydrocarbons, which formed during gasification by melting or splitting the hydrocarbon composites, takes place in a water vapour containing atmosphere at temperatures above 400°C, and gaseous reaction products, such as water gas and light volatile low molecular hydrocarbons, are separated from sand and remaining solid and low volatile portions of carbon composites, and in the central zone of the fluidised bed combustion chamber (1) the remaining solid or low volatile portion of the carbon composites, such as hydrocarbons and developed carbon, are combusted in an oxidising atmosphere with other combustible materials, such as coal and/or gaseous reaction products from gasification reaction, with a surplus of air whilst heating the sand.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that degasification is performed with a drop in sand temperature, and light volatile components react in the water vapour atmosphere whilst using up energy preferably to hydrogen and carbonmonoxide, and remaining still combustible solids finely distributed in the sand are combusted together with the sand in a downstream fluidised bed combustion chamber (1) with oxygen delivery (air blown in 5, 6, 12).
- Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that in the pre-stage (7) a controlled supply of oxygen, in particular in the form of air or recirculation gas, is delivered in addition to the delivery of steam (13), so that the temperature of exiting, partially degassed substance/sand mixture is maintained whilst dropping only insignificantly below the temperature of entering hot sand, in particular between 450°C and 700°C.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that water, water vapour and air or oxygen are fed into the pre-stage (7) for the purpose of temperature regulation, and during gasification in the pre-stage (7), the pressure is maintained at below 1 Bar absolute.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that gaseous reaction products produced during gasification are, after having left the pre-stage (7), delivered to a gas purification (14) where formed hydrochloric acid and other halogen composites, and if appropriate hydrogen sulfide, are removed (Fig. 1).
- Process according to Claim 6, characterised in that the distribution of gaseous reaction products formed in the pre-stage (7) in the fluidised bed combustion chamber (1) is carried out via injectors which use recirculation gas with higher pressure or water vapour as propellant medium, or preferably the required water vapour for the pre-stage is obtained from cooled down hot waste water by generating a negative pressure in a vacuum degasifier with vapour jet apparatuses.
- Process according to Claim 2, characterised in that gasification and combustion are carried out in a fluidised bed (20), and the fuel (11) and the vapour (13) are premixed under low pressure, preferably negative pressure, and then blown into an injector by water vapour at higher pressure into the edge zones (18) of the fluidised bed (20), mixed with hot sand and evaporated in a low oxygen atmosphere, and the gaseous reaction products are discharged upwards out of the gasification zone and combusted with recirculation gas and/or primary air locally above the gasification zone, and the low volatile fuel portions and solid residues are ducted with the sand into a downstream combustion zone (19) at the side or below the degasification zone and thereafter combusted with air (12) and/or recirculation gas (Fig. 2).
- Process according to Claim 2, characterised in that substances to be combusted are mixed with sand of more than 600°C, which is extracted from the fluidised bed of the combustion chamber, in an edge zone (18) with water vapour and at least partially gasified, and the hot sand which is entered into the edge zone (18) as a heat carrier delivers energy required for producing hydrogen (Fig. 2).
- Process according to Claim 2, characterised in that solids discharged from the edge zone (8) are heated by way of supplying oxygen (12) to above 600°C and thereafter returned into a water vapour containing atmosphere for further degasification by way of separation (Fig. 2).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT564/94 | 1994-03-17 | ||
AT56494A AT404181B (en) | 1994-03-17 | 1994-03-17 | METHOD FOR DISASSEMBLY, IN PARTICULAR COMPLETE COMBUSTION |
PCT/AT1995/000042 WO1995025248A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 | 1995-03-02 | Destructive, especially complete combustion, process |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0750731A1 EP0750731A1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
EP0750731B1 true EP0750731B1 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
Family
ID=3493960
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95909576A Expired - Lifetime EP0750731B1 (en) | 1994-03-17 | 1995-03-02 | Destructive, especially complete combustion, process |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0750731B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT404181B (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ272096A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59500810D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2109815T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI111987B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995025248A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105650655B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2017-11-14 | 青岛源之林农业科技开发有限公司 | The device for removing dioxin in clinker with cooling system |
CN105737175B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2017-11-14 | 青岛源之林农业科技开发有限公司 | The device for removing dioxin in clinker with conveyer belt |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4047883A (en) * | 1974-07-24 | 1977-09-13 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization | Thermal treatment of materials by hot particulates |
US4232614A (en) * | 1979-06-06 | 1980-11-11 | Dorr-Oliver Incorporated | Process of incineration with predrying of moist feed using hot inert particulates |
JPS5642008A (en) * | 1979-09-11 | 1981-04-20 | Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd | Incineration of combustible solid waste and incinerator therefor |
DD262559A3 (en) * | 1986-11-06 | 1988-12-07 | Bergmann Borsig Veb | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRYING AND COMBUSTION OF COMBUSTION AND WASTE MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY HUMIDIFIED RAW BROWN COAL |
DE4026272A1 (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1992-02-27 | Kurt Kugler | Burning of domestic and industrial degassing wastes - using two fluidised bed reactors with deficient- and excess-oxygen supplies for chlorine and hydrocarbon contg. waste |
FI89742C (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1993-11-10 | Imatran Voima Oy | OVER ANCHORING FOR TORKNING AV BRAENSLE I EN VIRVELBAEDDSPANNA |
-
1994
- 1994-03-17 AT AT56494A patent/AT404181B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-03-02 DE DE59500810T patent/DE59500810D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-02 EP EP95909576A patent/EP0750731B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-02 ES ES95909576T patent/ES2109815T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-02 WO PCT/AT1995/000042 patent/WO1995025248A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-03-02 CZ CZ962720A patent/CZ272096A3/en unknown
-
1996
- 1996-09-17 FI FI963664A patent/FI111987B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AT404181B (en) | 1998-09-25 |
DE59500810D1 (en) | 1997-11-20 |
FI963664A (en) | 1996-09-17 |
ATA56494A (en) | 1998-01-15 |
EP0750731A1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
WO1995025248A1 (en) | 1995-09-21 |
CZ272096A3 (en) | 1997-02-12 |
FI963664A0 (en) | 1996-09-17 |
ES2109815T3 (en) | 1998-01-16 |
FI111987B (en) | 2003-10-15 |
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