EP0750083B1 - Véhicule roulant, notamment robot de nettoyage en particulier de piscine, à changement automatique de direction de déplacement devant un obstacle - Google Patents
Véhicule roulant, notamment robot de nettoyage en particulier de piscine, à changement automatique de direction de déplacement devant un obstacle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0750083B1 EP0750083B1 EP96401298A EP96401298A EP0750083B1 EP 0750083 B1 EP0750083 B1 EP 0750083B1 EP 96401298 A EP96401298 A EP 96401298A EP 96401298 A EP96401298 A EP 96401298A EP 0750083 B1 EP0750083 B1 EP 0750083B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- obstacle
- vehicle
- driving wheel
- rotation
- driving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287107 Passer Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000003323 beak Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
- E04H4/14—Parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for
- E04H4/16—Parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for specially adapted for cleaning
- E04H4/1654—Self-propelled cleaners
Definitions
- Such vehicles are used for example for constitute robots for cleaning liquid tanks, such as swimming pools.
- these devices can sometimes have difficulty getting out of certain obstacles or even fail to get clear (for example if they engage between a ladder and the pool wall); more their deviation significantly constant in front of an obstacle sends them back in directions privileged so that their successive trajectories end up overlapping and they don't travel the the entire surface of the bottom of the pool.
- their functioning as a vehicle is not satisfactory and the pool is not cleaned in a way sufficiently effective.
- the object of the invention is essentially to remedy to the disadvantages presented by known vehicles and offer an improved vehicle that is able to get out safely in front of any obstacle and that is able, when disengaged, to pivot by a non-predetermined angle so that its successive trajectories are perfectly and that, being a cleaning robot cleaning, be made effective on the whole from the surface of the bottom of the pool, being understood further that the technical means used for these purposes must be simple, reliable and of limited cost so that the vehicle perfected in accordance with the invention can be mass produced.
- a rolling vehicle as mentioned in preamble is essentially characterized, being arranged in accordance with the invention, in that each member of obstacle detection comprises an elongated member consisting by the front edge, extending substantially over half a width and on the corresponding angle of the front of the vehicle which is opposite to the drive wheel to which said member is functionally associated, with an arm shaped so that its opposite end is located substantially at the vicinity of the drive wheel that it controls and is supported freely rotating on a substantially rotational axis vertical and in that said elongated member is coupled to selectively to the drive shaft driving said wheel drive through the above connecting means.
- the vehicle is made of symmetrically and it is arranged so that its clearance takes place in a direction opposite to the obstacle.
- the obstacle is perfectly frontal or bilateral, the two detectors obstacle are operated simultaneously and both wheels driving are simultaneously turned in direction reverse so that at first the vehicle backs up without being deflected.
- the function of obstacle detection is effectively ensured and a suitable order can be ensured whatever the position of the obstacle relative to the front of the vehicle.
- the means for reversing the direction of rotation comprises a wheel drive tooth placed at the end of the motor shaft, thus that a central pinion and a peripheral crown with teeth inner which are integral with the drive wheel and with either of which can mesh the gear drive to determine respectively two directions of rotation of the drive wheel.
- the means of link also include temporary blocking means able to maintain rotation in the opposite direction to the drive wheel for a sufficient time for the vehicle can clear the obstacle and then restore the rotation of the drive wheel in its initial direction so that the vehicle sets out again on a new trajectory;
- the locking means include a pawl integral locking of the movable bearing of the motor shaft which is resiliently engaged when the bearing is moved under the action of the eccentric.
- the temporary blocking means are arranged to maintain reverse rotation of the wheel motive power for an indefinite period, thanks to which the vehicle is made to turn at an unspecified angle and random so that its successive trajectories do not not overlap and are random; he is interesting, to obtain a simple, but reliable structure, that the temporary blocking means further comprises a finger transverse integral with the drive wheel and able to cooperate with the above-mentioned ratchet when it is engaged, so release it and free the bearing from the motor shaft, elastic return means being provided to bring the bearing in its initial position.
- each detection device obstacle is arranged to be functional not only on a front half of the vehicle, but also in the corner corresponding side, even on the anterior end on the corresponding side.
- each obstacle detection member is associated with connecting means arranged in such a way that the detection member, when it strikes an obstacle, controls the reversal of the direction of rotation of the driving wheel opposite, and therefore causes the vehicle to pivot at the opposite of the obstacle.
- each organ obstacle detection consists of an elongated member or arm 2 in the general shape of a mustache or crescent moon which extends approximately across the end front of the vehicle.
- Each detector 2 has an active edge 3 projecting forward and extending over one half front of the vehicle, as well as in the corner and on the start on the corresponding side of the vehicle; on the other half front of the vehicle, the edge 4 of the detector is set back rearward.
- the two detectors 2 are arranged one above on the other, being inverted with respect to each other by such that the recessed edge 4 of one coincides with the active projecting edge 3 of the other.
- Each detector 2 is supported for free rotation on a substantially vertical axis 5 by its end 6 located on the side of the recessed edge 4, lights possibly being be provided in the other detector to authorize their respective free rotary movements.
- This same end 6 of the detector 2 is associated to connecting means, designated as a whole by the reference 7, so as to functionally control the direction of rotation of the driving wheel 1 which is located same side.
- this detector 2 controls the wheel 1 located on the opposite side.
- each driving wheel 1 Training and reversing the direction of rotation of each driving wheel 1 are arranged as follows.
- a tree motor 8 (driven by a central motor not shown) is fitted, at its free end, with a drive gear 9.
- To wheel 1 or to the axis of wheel 1 are secured coaxially a central pinion 10 and a peripheral crown 11 with internal teeth.
- the driving gear 9 is located between the central pinion 10 and the crown 11 and can mesh with one or the other, selectively, as indicated below.
- each detector 2 is shaped like a fork 12 coagulating with a lug 13 integral of a carriage 14 which is movable over a part of fixed frame 15 in an approximately parallel direction to the motor shaft 8.
- the carriage 14 carries a spout 16 which extends in tree direction 8.
- a disc eccentric 17 is set in rotation on the shaft 8.
- the shaft 8 is supported by a bearing 18 which is itself supported by a carriage 19 capable of sliding on a fixed frame 20 in approximately a direction transverse to the shaft 8.
- detector 2 If there is no obstacle, detector 2 is not deflected and it keeps the spout 16 laterally offset by relative to the eccentric disc 17.
- a return spring 21 then maintains the carriage 19 in a position for which the bearing 18 supports the shaft 8 in the rest position, the drive gear 9 meshing with crown 11. Meaning corresponding rotation of the driving wheel 1 is assumed correspond to the forward movement of the vehicle.
- detector 2 When an obstacle occurs that pushes the edge active 3 of detector 2 backwards, detector 2, in pivoting, causes, by means of its fork 12, the displacement of the spout 16 which is brought opposite the disc eccentric 17. By turning, it bears against the spout and the shaft 8 is pushed back so that the gear drive 9 leaves the crown 11 and will cooperate with the central pinion 10. It is driven in the opposite direction to the crown 11 and the driving wheel 1 rotates in the opposite direction.
- blocking means are provided releasable designated as a whole by the reference 22 in Figures 2 and 3.
- the releasable blocking means 22 include a rod 23 sliding axially freely in a passage 25 a fixed body 24 located opposite the bearing 18, said rod 23 being integral with said bearing 18.
- the rod 23 has a radial notch 26 which, when released outside the body 24, is pushed back against the edge of the orifice of passage 25 using a transverse spring 27 (the rod 23 having a certain radial clearance in the passage 25).
- a transverse spring 27 the rod 23 having a certain radial clearance in the passage 25.
- the release of the blocking means is carried out as follows.
- the driving wheel 1 carries a finger 29 which extends transversely and which, during the rotation of the wheel 1, finds on its trajectory an organ, for example a ring 30, integral with the rod 23.
- an organ for example a ring 30, integral with the rod 23.
- the notch 26 is hollowed out in the rod 23 on the same side as the finger 29.
- the arrangement which has just been described presents the advantage that, when the obstacle is encountered, the finger 29 is in any angular position relative to the ring 30.
- the drive wheel 1 therefore performs a rotation of angular amplitude not predetermined and random before being forced to turn again before.
- the vehicle, after hitting an obstacle, will therefore get free by pivoting away from the obstacle with a random angular amplitude and will go forward on a new trajectory which is arranged so random compared to the previous one.
- the two driving wheels 1 are brought to turn in opposite direction simultaneously and the vehicle reverses substantially in straight line.
- the two fingers 29 are not found not, in principle, in the same relative angular position relative to the two respective rings 30: one of the two fingers 29 will therefore meet its associated ring 30 before the other, and then the vehicle will be driven in the direction determined by said first finger meeting its ring partner, and then go forward on a new trajectory as the case previously exposed.
- both the straight line recoil distance and the side towards which the rotation takes place and the amplitude angular of this rotation are random: the new again, the forward path is guaranteed to be randomly arranged in relation to the previous one.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
- Electric Suction Cleaners (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Description
- deux organes de détection d'obstacle disposés de chaque côté à l'avant du véhicule,
- des moyens d'entraínement de chaque roue motrice à partir d'un arbre moteur, par l'intermédiaire de moyens d'inversion du sens de rotation,
- et des moyens de liaison interposés entre chaque organe de détection d'obstacle et les moyens d'entraínement de la roue motrice située du côté opposé,
- lesdits organes de détection d'obstacle et lesdits moyens de liaison étant agencés de manière que, lorsque le véhicule rencontre un obstacle, les moyens de détection actionnés par ledit obstacle agissent, par l'intermédiaire desdits moyens de liaison correspondants, pour actionner lesdits moyens d'inversion du sens de rotation et faire passer la rotation de la roue motrice en sens avant, à une rotation de la roue motrice en sens arrière.
- une première position non fonctionnelle occupée lorsque le bras est dans un position de repos en l'absence d'obstacle,
- une seconde position fonctionnelle occupée lorsque le bras est déplacé par un obstacle, dans laquelle le bec coopère avec un excentrique solidaire de l'arbre moteur de manière à repousser le palier mobile supportant ledit arbre moteur et à modifier l'engrènement de la roue dentée motrice.
- la figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble, en perspective, d'un mécanisme équipant un véhicule, tel qu'un robot de nettoyage de piscine, agencé conformément à l'invention ;
- la figure 2 est une vue plus détaillée et à plus grande échelle d'un moitié du mécanisme de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective, sous un autre angle, et à échelle encore plus grande, d'une autre partie du mécanisme de la figure 2 ; et
- la figure 4 est une vue fragmentaire, en coupe, d'un élément du mécanisme visible sur la figure 3.
Claims (9)
- Véhicule roulant à changement automatique de direction de déplacement lorsqu'il rencontre un obstacle, ce dispositif étant pourvu de deux roues antérieures motrices indépendantes (1) et comportant :caractérisé en ce que chaque organe de détection d'obstacle comprend un organe allongé (2) constitué par le bord antérieur (3), s'étendant sensiblement sur une demi-largeur et sur l'angle correspondant de l'avant du véhicule qui est opposé à la roue motrice à laquelle ledit organe est fonctionnellement associé, d'un bras (2) conformé de manière que son extrémité opposée (6) soit située sensiblement au voisinage de la roue motrice (1) qu'il commande et soit supportée à libre rotation sur un axe de rotation (5) sensiblement vertical et en ce que ledit organe allongé (2) est accouplé de façon sélective à l'arbre moteur (8) entraínant ladite roue motrice (1) par l'intermédiaire des susdits moyens de liaison (7).deux organes de détection d'obstacle (2) disposés de chaque côté à l'avant du véhicule,des moyens d'entraínement de chaque roue motrice (1) à partir d'un arbre moteur (8), par l'intermédiaire de moyens d'inversion du sens de rotation,et des moyens de liaison (7) interposés entre chaque organe de détection d'obstacle (2) et les moyens d'entraínement de la roue motrice située du côté opposé,lesdits organes de détection d'obstacle (2) et lesdits moyens de liaison (7) étant agencés de manière que, lorsque le véhicule rencontre un obstacle, les moyens de détection (2) actionnés par ledit obstacle agissent, par l'intermédiaire desdits moyens de liaison (7) correspondants, pour actionner lesdits moyens d'inversion du sens de rotation et faire passer la rotation de la roue motrice en sens avant, à une rotation de la roue motrice en sens arrière,
- Véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'inversion du sens de rotation comprennent une roue dentée motrice (9) disposée au bout de l'arbre moteur (8), ainsi qu'un pignon central (10) et une couronne périphérique (11) à denture intérieure qui sont solidaires de la roue motrice (1) et avec l'un ou l'autre desquels peut engrener la roue dentée motrice (9) pour déterminer respectivement deux sens de rotation de la roue motrice (1).
- Véhicule selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de liaison (7) comprennent un palier (18) de support de l'arbre moteur (8) qui est déplaçable (19,20) approximativement transversalement audit arbre lorsque les moyens de détection d'obstacle sont actionnés.
- Véhicule selon les revendications 1 et 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de liaison (7) comprennent un bec déplaçable (16) entraíné par ledit bras (2) de manière à occuper deux positions, savoir ;une première position non fonctionnelle occupée lorsque le bras est dans un position de repos en l'absence d'obstacle,une seconde position fonctionnelle occupée lorsque le bras est déplacé par un obstacle, dans laquelle le bec (16) coopère avec un excentrique (17) solidaire de l'arbre moteur (8) de manière à repousser le palier mobile (18) supportant ledit arbre moteur (8) et à modifier l'engrènement de la roue dentée motrice (1).
- Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de liaison (7) comprennent en outre des moyens de blocage temporaire (22) aptes à maintenir la rotation en sens inverse de la roue motrice (1) pendant une durée suffisante pour que le véhicule puisse se dégager de l'obstacle, puis à rétablir la rotation de la roue motrice (1) dans son sens initial pour que le véhicule reparte sur une nouvelle trajectoire.
- Véhicule selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de blocage (22) comprennent un cliquet de blocage (25,26) solidaire du palier mobile (18) de l'arbre moteur (8) qui est enclenché élastiquement lorsque le palier est déplacé sous l'action de l'excentrique (17).
- Véhicule selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de blocage temporaire (22) sont agencés pour maintenir la rotation inverse de la roue motrice pendant une durée non prédéterminée, ce grâce à quoi le véhicule est amené à tourner d'un angle non prédéterminé et aléatoire de sorte que ses trajectoires successives ne se superposent pas et sont aléatoires.
- Véhicule selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de blocage temporaire (22) comprennent en outre un doigt transversal (29) solidaire de la roue motrice (1) et apte à coopérer avec le susdit cliquet (25,26) lorsque celui-ci est enclenché, afin de le dégager et de libérer le palier (18) de l'arbre moteur (8), des moyens élastiques de rappel (21) étant prévus pour ramener le palier dans sa position initiale.
- Robot de nettoyage de réserve d'eau, notamment de piscine, agencé pour se déplacer sur le fond de ladite réserve, caractérisé en ce qu'il est agencé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9507297A FR2735437B1 (fr) | 1995-06-19 | 1995-06-19 | Vehicule roulant, notamment robot de nettoyage en particulier de piscine, a changement automatique de direction de deplacement devant un obstacle |
| FR9507297 | 1995-06-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0750083A1 EP0750083A1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 |
| EP0750083B1 true EP0750083B1 (fr) | 2000-05-10 |
Family
ID=9480135
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96401298A Expired - Lifetime EP0750083B1 (fr) | 1995-06-19 | 1996-06-14 | Véhicule roulant, notamment robot de nettoyage en particulier de piscine, à changement automatique de direction de déplacement devant un obstacle |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5771987A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0750083B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE192821T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU704603B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2179482A1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69608168T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2146366T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2735437B1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA965184B (fr) |
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| DE19821306C2 (de) * | 1998-05-13 | 2000-12-14 | Gmd Gmbh | Autonom navigierendes System mit Hinderniserkennung |
| US6601255B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2003-08-05 | Zodiac Pool Care, Inc. | Pool cleaner |
| DE69919159T2 (de) * | 1998-05-22 | 2005-08-11 | Zodiac Pool Care Europe | Schwimmbeckenreiniger |
| DE10110905A1 (de) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-10-02 | Kaercher Gmbh & Co Alfred | Bodenbearbeitungsgerät, insbesondere Bodenreinigungsgerät |
| ATE452260T1 (de) * | 2001-07-03 | 2010-01-15 | Pentair Pool Products Inc | Untergestell für ein automatisches schwimmbeckenreinigungsgerät |
| IL145930A0 (en) * | 2001-10-15 | 2002-07-25 | Aquaproducts Inc | Pool cleaning method and apparatus |
| GB2411820A (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-14 | Reckitt Benckiser | Self driven cleaning device |
| US7609156B2 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2009-10-27 | Jeffrey D Mullen | Advanced cooperative defensive military tactics, armor, and systems |
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| CA2905983C (fr) | 2013-03-13 | 2018-04-03 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Mecanisme a aubes alternees pour organe de nettoyage pour piscine |
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| EP4234848A3 (fr) | 2014-09-03 | 2023-09-20 | Maytronics Ltd. | Robot de nettoyage de piscine |
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| IT202200007133A1 (it) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-10-11 | Stiga S P A In Breve Anche St S P A | “Robot tosaerba con motore di trazione fuori asse” |
| CN116257068A (zh) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-06-13 | 智橙动力(北京)科技有限公司 | 泳池清洁机器人的池壁避障移动方法、装置、电子设备 |
| CN117270542B (zh) * | 2023-10-24 | 2025-03-25 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司广州局海口分局 | 无人艇避障方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3551930A (en) * | 1967-10-04 | 1971-01-05 | Robert R Myers | Swimming pool cleaner |
| US3570227A (en) * | 1969-01-16 | 1971-03-16 | Mowbot Inc | Self-propelled random motion lawnmower |
| FR2041339A5 (fr) * | 1969-04-21 | 1971-01-29 | Myers Robert | |
| AT340099B (de) * | 1974-07-05 | 1977-11-25 | Bieri Pumpenbau Ag | Fahrbare maschine zum reinigen eines schwimmbeckens |
| US4655724A (en) * | 1985-12-27 | 1987-04-07 | Soma International Ltd. | Toy vehicle and steering and drive mechanism therefor |
| US5083629A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1992-01-28 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Walking control method for automatic working vehicle |
| BE1003703A3 (fr) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-05-26 | Sunnen Jean | Perfectionnement aux robots de service. |
| DE59108653D1 (de) * | 1990-10-31 | 1997-05-15 | 3S Systemtechn Ag | Arbeitsverfahren und Reinigungsgerät zum Reinigen eines Schwimmbeckens |
| NZ245991A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1995-07-26 | Pavel Sebor | Self-propelled submersible suction cleaner for use in swimming pools - method of cleaning using same |
| US5435031A (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 1995-07-25 | H-Tech, Inc. | Automatic pool cleaning apparatus |
| US5454129A (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1995-10-03 | Kell; Richard T. | Self-powered pool vacuum with remote controlled capabilities |
| US5542141A (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1996-08-06 | Albright; Alva Z. | Water powered apparatus for cleaning aquatic bodies |
-
1995
- 1995-06-19 FR FR9507297A patent/FR2735437B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-14 AT AT96401298T patent/ATE192821T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-14 ES ES96401298T patent/ES2146366T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-14 DE DE69608168T patent/DE69608168T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-14 EP EP96401298A patent/EP0750083B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-17 US US08/664,828 patent/US5771987A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-18 AU AU56047/96A patent/AU704603B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-06-19 CA CA002179482A patent/CA2179482A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-03 ZA ZA965184A patent/ZA965184B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69608168D1 (de) | 2000-06-15 |
| ES2146366T3 (es) | 2000-08-01 |
| FR2735437B1 (fr) | 1997-08-14 |
| AU704603B2 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
| FR2735437A1 (fr) | 1996-12-20 |
| AU5604796A (en) | 1997-01-09 |
| DE69608168T2 (de) | 2001-01-11 |
| US5771987A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
| CA2179482A1 (fr) | 1996-12-20 |
| ZA965184B (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| EP0750083A1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 |
| ATE192821T1 (de) | 2000-05-15 |
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