EP0749551A1 - Process for the heat treatment of waste material - Google Patents
Process for the heat treatment of waste materialInfo
- Publication number
- EP0749551A1 EP0749551A1 EP96900074A EP96900074A EP0749551A1 EP 0749551 A1 EP0749551 A1 EP 0749551A1 EP 96900074 A EP96900074 A EP 96900074A EP 96900074 A EP96900074 A EP 96900074A EP 0749551 A1 EP0749551 A1 EP 0749551A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluidized bed
- afterburning
- solid
- chamber
- separated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the thermal treatment of waste material with the production of thermal energy according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Degassing as a thermal process for generating energy from waste also known as pyrolysis, smoldering or coking
- pyrolysis also known as pyrolysis
- smoldering or coking
- the waste is heated in the absence of oxygen by direct or indirect heat supply.
- the organic compounds in the waste become unstable; the volatiles escape and the non-volatiles are converted to coke.
- the smoldering gases generated during degassing have a high calorific value.
- these smoldering gases are burned directly in the conventional post-combustion chambers with oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, very high, difficult to control temperatures of over 2000 ° C arise.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, which allows control of the temperature profile in the afterburning.
- the process according to the invention is pyrolysis of waste, in particular waste, in which w already mentioned very high temperatures arise in the afterburning with oxygen;
- the afterburning according to the invention in a circulating fluidized bed creates optimal and uniform reaction conditions for the afterburning, and a very homogeneous temperature distribution is achieved.
- very efficient cooling of the hot carbonization gases is achieved.
- the gas-solid flow in the fluidized bed results in very good heat transfer, which leads to a reduction in the heat transfer area and thus also in the boiler volume.
- the reduction in the amount of flue gas achieved by the afterburning with oxygen also causes a reduction in the construction volume of the fluidized bed reactor and the downstream units, an increase in size Boiler efficiency, an on-reduction for gas cleaning and a reduction in the risk of corrosion of the heat transfer surfaces.
- the unreacted ammonia in the flue gas is called slip and represents an environmental impact. If the temperature is too high, some of the ammonia burns. In both cases, the amount of ammonia required is unnecessarily high.
- the temperature of the flue gases decreases continuously along the flue gas path through the afterburning chamber and boiler. The ammonia is introduced at the optimal flue gas temperature.
- the flue gas temperature profile depends on the operating state of the system and on the waste material burned. This means that the location of the optimal discharge point also depends on the operating state of the furnace.
- the design of the afterburner chamber as a circulating fluidized bed enables a solution to the problem of choosing the ammonia inlet point for the smoke Winding.
- the circulating fluidized bed is characterized not only by constant temperature but also by good temperature control behavior. For example, the flow of solid matter diverted into the fluid bed cooler can be regulated. This allows regulation of the heat flow also removed from the afterburning chamber and thus precise regulation of the temperature in the afterburning comb, regardless of the operating state of the furnace in the pyrolysis chamber. This means that a fixed ammonia inlet point can be selected, since the flue gas temperature profile in the afterburning chamber and boiler no longer depends on the operating state of the furnace. This also enables a minimization of the ammonia consumption for nitrogen oxide reduction by choosing an optimal temperature i of the afterburning chamber and this independently of the operating state in the pyrolysis chamber.
- FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a first method variant
- waste materials are subjected to degassing in a pyrolysis chamber 2 in a manner known per se and not shown in detail.
- the waste supply is indicated by an arrow 1.
- the waste supply and the degassing can take place, for example, in the manner described in Swiss patent application No. 01 510 / 94-8 (A 10364 CH).
- Smoldering gases formed during the degassing enter an afterburning chamber 4a (the transition from pyrolysis chamber 2 to afterburning chamber 4a is indicated by an arrow 3), which according to the invention is designed as a fluidized bed reactor.
- the carbonization gases used as fluidizing gases are re-burned with the addition of oxygen (indicated by arrow 5 in FIG. 1).
- Lime, sand and other materials can be used as the fluidized bed solid;
- the refuse coke obtained in the pyrolysis - freed from inert substances and finely ground - can be introduced into the fluidized bed in particle form and also burned there.
- the walls of the afterburning chamber 4a are designed as cooling or heat transfer surfaces; at most, further heat transfer surfaces can be arranged directly in the fluidized bed. These heat transfer surfaces are symbolically designated 6 in FIG. 1.
- the fluidized bed reactor is operated at such a high gas velocity that at least some of the solid particles are discharged together with the flue gas stream from the afterburning chamber 4a. Arrived via a line 7 in a dust separator 8, the solid is separated from the flue gas stream.
- the dust separator 8 can be designed, for example, as a cyclone, a dust filter or as an electrostatic filter.
- the secluded Solid is returned via line 9 into the afterburning comb 4a, so that a circulating fluidized bed is formed.
- the freed from the solid and cooled flue gases flow via a line 10 further flue gas cleaning or flue gas cooling devices, not shown, before they reach the atmosphere.
- the circulating fluidized bed is expanded by an external fluid bed cooler 1.
- This allows a part of the heat dissipation a of the afterburning chamber 4b to be outsourced.
- Part of the dust separator 8 separated solid is diverted via line 13 into the fluidized bed cooler 12, where in a stationary fluidized bed (fluidized bed) is cooled by direct or indirect heat transfer (corresponding heat transfer surfaces of the fluidized bed cooler 12 are symbolically designated 15) and then via a line 14 reaches the afterburning chamber again.
- this solid absorbs the heat from the hot carbonization gases and heats up to the mixing temperature prevailing in the afterburning chamber 4b.
- there is no need for additional cooling surfaces in the afterburning chamber since the recirculated part of the solid which is cooled in the fluid bed 12 takes over the cooling function.
- a fluidizing gas required for the operation of the fluidized bed cooler 12 is fed to the fluidized bed cooler 12 via line 16 and withdrawn for further use above the fluidized bed (line 17).
- the entire solid separated from the flue gas flow in the dust separator 8 is passed through the fluidized bed cooler 12 and recirculated cooled into the fluidized bed of the afterburning chamber 4c.
- a large amount of cooled solid is introduced into the fluidized bed so that the afterburning of the carbonization gases can be carried out at a low temperature level of approx. 900 ° C .; the average suspension density is at least 20-50 kg / Nm.
- the suspension density of the gas-solid mixture must be selected to be significantly higher, for example 50-100 kg / Nm 3 , in order to ensure sufficient heat transfer to the walls of the boiler To ensure fluidized bed reactor.
- the temperature in the afterburning chamber 4b or 4c can be precisely regulated independently of the operating state in the pyrolysis chamber 2 by regulating the entry of the solid cooled in the fluidized bed cooler 12.
- This enables ammonia as a reducing agent for nitrogen oxide separation into the afterburning chamber 4b or 4c or can be optimally passed into the dust separator 8 or cyclone, and that the temperature is selected so that the nitrogen oxide separation can be carried out with minimal ammonia consumption.
- the ammonia is preferably introduced into the cyclone inlet.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH00053/95A CH690790A5 (en) | 1995-01-10 | 1995-01-10 | A process for the thermal treatment of waste material. |
CH53/95 | 1995-01-10 | ||
CH5395 | 1995-01-10 | ||
PCT/CH1996/000007 WO1996021824A1 (en) | 1995-01-10 | 1996-01-08 | Process for the heat treatment of waste material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0749551A1 true EP0749551A1 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
EP0749551B1 EP0749551B1 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
Family
ID=4178248
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96900074A Expired - Lifetime EP0749551B1 (en) | 1995-01-10 | 1996-01-08 | Process for the heat treatment of waste material |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5915311A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0749551B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH09506424A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE191551T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2184102A1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH690790A5 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ285991B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59604863D1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI963526A (en) |
NO (1) | NO963773L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ300141A (en) |
PL (1) | PL316148A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996021824A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6276306B1 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2001-08-21 | Michael L. Murphy | Apparatus for recovering hydrocarbons from granular solids |
US9127208B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2015-09-08 | Pharmatherm Chemicals, Inc. | Thermal extraction method and product |
US7905990B2 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2011-03-15 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Rapid thermal conversion of biomass |
US20090151609A1 (en) * | 2007-12-15 | 2009-06-18 | Hoskinson Gordon H | Incinerator with pivoting grating system |
US20110284359A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Uop Llc | Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and for controlling loss of entrained solid particles in combustion product flue gas |
US8499702B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2013-08-06 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Char-handling processes in a pyrolysis system |
US9441887B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2016-09-13 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Heat removal and recovery in biomass pyrolysis |
US9347005B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2016-05-24 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US10400175B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2019-09-03 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US9109177B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-08-18 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
US9670413B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2017-06-06 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for thermally converting biomass |
TWI645026B (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2018-12-21 | 安信再生公司 | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
CA2995845A1 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2017-03-02 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Liquid biomass heating system |
CA3048681A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-05 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Demetallization of liquid biomass |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS50133995A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1975-10-23 | ||
US4325327A (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1982-04-20 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Hybrid fluidized bed combuster |
DE3113993A1 (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1982-11-11 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF COMBUSTION GAS AND PROCESS HEAT FROM CARBON-MATERIAL MATERIALS |
DE3307848A1 (en) * | 1983-03-05 | 1984-09-06 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR REBURNING AND PURIFYING PROCESS EXHAUST GAS |
DE3310534A1 (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1984-10-04 | C. Deilmann AG, 4444 Bad Bentheim | DEVICE FOR RECOVERING ENERGY FROM PYROLIZABLE, CARBONATED WASTE MATERIALS, ALTERNATING COMPOSITION |
US4602573A (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-07-29 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Integrated process for gasifying and combusting a carbonaceous fuel |
JPH0341729A (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-02-22 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | Substrate cleaning |
DE4112593C2 (en) * | 1991-04-17 | 1995-03-23 | Pka Umwelttech Gmbh & Co Kg | Process and plant for the thermal treatment of metal scrap contaminated with organic components |
US5347953A (en) * | 1991-06-03 | 1994-09-20 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Fluidized bed combustion method utilizing fine and coarse sorbent feed |
AU1449992A (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1993-10-05 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Method and apparatus for combusting a carbonaceous material |
CZ289723B6 (en) * | 1992-06-28 | 2002-03-13 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Process for preparing combustible gases from solid fuel and apparatus for making the same |
US5379705A (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1995-01-10 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fluidized-bed incinerator |
FR2701087B1 (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1999-08-06 | Tiru | Process for the incineration of solid fuels, in particular urban residues, with solid and gaseous discharges which are substantially neutral vis-à-vis the environment. |
FI933961A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1994-12-25 | Ahlstroem Oy | Method for treating solids at high temperature |
DE4327953A1 (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1995-02-23 | Siemens Ag | Plant for thermal waste disposal and method for operating such a plant |
-
1995
- 1995-01-10 CH CH00053/95A patent/CH690790A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-01-08 CA CA002184102A patent/CA2184102A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-01-08 US US08/702,551 patent/US5915311A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-08 CZ CZ962592A patent/CZ285991B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-01-08 EP EP96900074A patent/EP0749551B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-08 WO PCT/CH1996/000007 patent/WO1996021824A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-01-08 JP JP8521348A patent/JPH09506424A/en active Pending
- 1996-01-08 AT AT96900074T patent/ATE191551T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-01-08 DE DE59604863T patent/DE59604863D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-08 PL PL96316148A patent/PL316148A1/en unknown
- 1996-02-01 NZ NZ300141A patent/NZ300141A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-09 FI FI963526A patent/FI963526A/en unknown
- 1996-09-09 NO NO963773A patent/NO963773L/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9621824A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL316148A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 |
US5915311A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
ATE191551T1 (en) | 2000-04-15 |
NO963773D0 (en) | 1996-09-09 |
EP0749551B1 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
DE59604863D1 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
CH690790A5 (en) | 2001-01-15 |
JPH09506424A (en) | 1997-06-24 |
CZ285991B6 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
NO963773L (en) | 1996-11-11 |
FI963526A0 (en) | 1996-09-09 |
CZ259296A3 (en) | 1997-02-12 |
CA2184102A1 (en) | 1996-07-18 |
NZ300141A (en) | 1997-10-24 |
WO1996021824A1 (en) | 1996-07-18 |
FI963526A (en) | 1996-09-09 |
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