EP0743811B1 - Torche à plasma d'arc à courant continu, particulièrement destinée à l'obtention d'un corps chimique par décomposition d'un gaz plasmagène - Google Patents
Torche à plasma d'arc à courant continu, particulièrement destinée à l'obtention d'un corps chimique par décomposition d'un gaz plasmagène Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0743811B1 EP0743811B1 EP96400770A EP96400770A EP0743811B1 EP 0743811 B1 EP0743811 B1 EP 0743811B1 EP 96400770 A EP96400770 A EP 96400770A EP 96400770 A EP96400770 A EP 96400770A EP 0743811 B1 EP0743811 B1 EP 0743811B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- electrode
- gas
- tubular
- plasma torch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010599 Verbascum thapsus Nutrition 0.000 description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 6
- 244000178289 Verbascum thapsus Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- -1 sulfur ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- CZBGCSZGIMINPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh].[W] Chemical compound [Rh].[W] CZBGCSZGIMINPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/341—Arrangements for providing coaxial protecting fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3468—Vortex generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3431—Coaxial cylindrical electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/40—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles using applied magnetic fields, e.g. for focusing or rotating the arc
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plasma arc torch direct current, particularly intended for obtaining of a chemical body by decomposition of a plasma gas.
- a DC arc plasma torch comprising two coaxial tubular electrodes arranged in extension of each other, on either side of a chamber, into which a stream of plasma gas is injected, for example air.
- Each of said electrodes is open on the side of said injection chamber, while one of which is further open at its far end of said injection chamber.
- the arc between said electrodes crosses said injection chamber and ionizes the plasma gas introduced in this one.
- Said arch hangs by its end feet respectively to the internal face of said electrodes and ionized gas plasma, high pressure (pressure atmospheric at around 5 bar) and at very high temperature (several thousand ° C), crosses the open electrode at both ends and flows out of said torch at through the opening of this last electrode away from said injection chamber.
- the flow of plasma coming out of said torch comprises ions of the elements composing said gas, as a result of the action of the electric arc on said gas plasmagen.
- the plasma gas is hydrogen sulfurous
- the plasma flow contains ions hydrogen and sulfur ions. Therefore, if we submit said plasma flow at thermal quenching it is possible to collect the elements of the plasma gas.
- sulfurous hydrogen as plasma gas, then quenching the plasma, allow therefore to collect sulfur, on the one hand, and hydrogen, on the other hand.
- a torch of the type described above can serve as a reactor for the decomposition of gaseous compounds plasmagenics.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks. It relates to a plasma arc torch of long service life, particularly suitable to be used as a thermochemical decomposition reactor, operating with good energy efficiency and allowing obtaining high purity decomposition products.
- the plasma leaving the torch conforms to the present invention is particularly pure.
- said fluid barrier forms a sheath protecting the internal surface of the first electrode against the action erosion of plasma ions. We therefore also improve the lifetime of this electrode.
- said first tubular part is integral of the first electrode, and it can even form one single piece with the latter, so as to appear as an elongated portion of said electrode.
- said first tubular part plays no role electric role vis-à-vis the arc in established regime, it can be dimensioned in volume, in diameter and length so that aerothermal conditions (pressure, temperature) optimize the chemical yield and, therefore, energy yield.
- aerothermal conditions pressure, temperature
- said first means for forming said fluid barrier are constituted by first means of blowing causing, on the internal wall of said first electrode, a first tubular flow of a gas to pressure at least approximately equal to that of plasma and at a temperature much lower than that of said plasma, said first fluid tubular flow surrounding said flow of plasma and flowing in the same direction as it.
- a flow of central plasma containing gas decomposition ions plasma and an annular flow formed by the gas blowing and surrounding said central flow of the plasma is at very high temperature (several thousands of ° C) and at high pressure (atmospheric pressure at around 5 bars).
- the flow blowing ring can be at low temperature (by room temperature) and at a pressure of the order of that of plasma.
- the central flow and the annular flow have very viscosities different, prohibiting their mixing. The particles of electrodes, torn off by the arc, cannot therefore pass from the annular flow of the blowing gas at the flow of central plasma, surrounded by this annular flow.
- the blown gas may, for example, be hydrogen.
- said first electrode has a larger diameter that said first tubular part and that said first blowing means are arranged between said first tubular part and said first electrode.
- This blowing gas can be blown on the internal wall of said first electrode, parallel to the axis of this last.
- the gas from said first tubular flow can be blown inside said first electrode, tangentially to the inner wall of the latter, similar to what is generally practiced for the so-called vortex injection of plasma gas into the injection chamber.
- Such tangential blowing means may have an inner crown and a crown coaxial outer, providing a room between them annular supplied with blowing gas through said outer crown, while the central opening of said inner crown forms at least approximately an extension of the internal surface of said first electrode and that said central crown opening inner is connected to said annular chamber by at at least one orifice tangential to said central opening.
- said second electrode and its elements partners may have the same features as those mentioned above about the first electrode.
- the plasma torch according to the present invention includes means for moving the feet arcs, such as those described above.
- means for moving the feet arcs such as those described above.
- such means do not have to act on the first and second tubular parts, but only on the electrodes.
- means are provided, which can be, known manner, of the type with electric discharge produced between both electrodes or short-circuit type, thanks, by example, when using an auxiliary electrode start-up.
- said arc electric between the parts of said neighboring electrodes of said injection chamber (said first and second tubular parts), then to extend said arc under the effect of the vortex injection of plasma gas, until that the feet of said arc are hooked to the surface internal of said end portions of the electrodes, remote of said injection chamber (electrodes properly say).
- said means for injecting the plasma gas in said chamber allow to inject it in vortices in planes perpendicular to the common axis electrodes.
- These means of injection may include (see US-A-5,262,616 mentioned above) a piece of coaxial revolution to said electrodes and defining with these and their supports said injection chamber. Of transverse holes are provided in the room to allow injection of plasma gas from a supply circuit, in the bedroom.
- the temperatures plasma damage to the torch outlets may exceed 5000 ° C. Also, it is essential to plan cooling circuits for the electrodes, such as this is moreover usual for plasma torches.
- FIG. 1 shows, in very schematic longitudinal section, a first example of a plasma torch in accordance with this invention, to illustrate the inventive principle of this one.
- Figure 2 illustrates the section, along line II-II of the Figure 1, the fluid flow at the outlet of the torch to plasma.
- Figure 3 shows, also in very longitudinal section schematic, a second example of a plasma torch conforming to the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a simplified longitudinal section of a mode of practical realization of the plasma torch of the figure 1.
- Figure 5 is a cross section along the line V-V in Figure 4.
- Figure 6 is a simplified longitudinal section of a mode of practical realization of the plasma torch of the figure 3.
- the exemplary embodiment I of the plasma torch in accordance with the present invention and shown very schematically in FIG. 1, has an anode 1 and a part cathodic 2, tubular and coaxial, arranged in extension from each other along an X-X axis, on both sides other of a chamber 3 into which is injected, any in known manner, a plasma gas (arrows P).
- Anode 1 and the cathode part are cooled in any suitable way and known, but not shown.
- the anode 1 is elongated along the axis X-X and comprises, at its end arranged opposite the injection chamber 3, an opening 4 connecting the interior of said anode 1 with said injection chamber 3. On the other hand, at its end opposite to the injection chamber 3, the anode 1 is closed by a bottom 5.
- the cathode part 2 comprises, at its end remote from the injection chamber 3, a cathode 2A open towards the outside by an opening 6.
- the cathode 2A is extended, in the direction of the injection chamber 3, by a part tubular 2B forming an integral part of said cathode 2A.
- the cathode 2A has a diameter D greater than the diameter d of the tubular part 2B and a shoulder 7 connects the cathode 2A and the tubular part 2B.
- orifices 8 are provided, distributed around the axis XX and with an axis at least substantially parallel thereto.
- the tubular part 2B has an opening 9 putting the interior of the cathode part 2 into communication with said injection chamber 3.
- an electric arc 10 crosses the chamber injection 3 and the tubular part 2B and hooks, by its end legs 10a and 10c, respectively on the internal surface of anode 1 (near bottom 5 opposite to the injection chamber 3) and to that of the cathode 2A.
- Electromagnetic coils 11 and 12 intended for the rotation of the feet 10a and 10c of the arc 10 around the axis X-X, respectively surround the anode 1 (in the vicinity of the bottom 5) and cathode 2A.
- the stream of plasma gas P entering the tubular part 2B is transformed, in the latter and under the action of the arc 10, in a plasma flow 13, leaving through opening 6 after passing through the cathode 2A.
- the tubular part 2B therefore forms a reaction chamber in which the plasma gas is transformed into a plasma, at high pressure and at very high temperature, comprising ions of the components of said plasma gas. It's obvious that the tubular part 2B can be dimensioned to optimize energy efficiency.
- a gas G for example hydrogen
- a gas G for example hydrogen
- the particles of matter from the cathode 2A which are torn off from the inner surface thereof by the arc foot 10c, not only can not mix to the plasma flow 13 but still are evacuated by the annular gas stream 14. They cannot therefore pollute plasma flow 13.
- particles of material from anode 1, which are torn off at this by the arc foot 10a remain in the anode 1 (this which is obtained from the fact that the anode 1 is long and that the arch 10a is in the vicinity of the bottom 5), the flow plasma 13, comprising ions of the gas components is particularly pure.
- a quenching device (not shown, but of any type known) allows the annular gas stream 14 to be separated from the plasma flow 13 and then extract the components chemicals contained in the form of ions in said flow plasma 13.
- the anode part 1 ′ comprises, at its end remote from the injection chamber 3, an anode 1'A open towards the outside by an opening 15.
- the anode 1'A is extended, in the direction of the injection chamber 3, by a tubular piece 1'B forming an integral part of said anode.
- the anode 1'A has a diameter D greater than the diameter d of the tubular piece 1'B and a shoulder 16 connects the anode 1'A and the tubular piece 1'B.
- orifices 17 are provided, distributed around the axis XX and with an axis at least substantially parallel thereto.
- the tubular part 1'B has an opening 18 putting the interior of the anode part 1 'into communication with the injection chamber 3.
- the electric arc 10 crosses the chamber injection 3 and the tubular parts 1'B and 2B and hooks, by its feet 10a and 10c, respectively on the surface internal of anode 1'A and cathode 2A.
- the plasma gas injected into chamber 3 divides in two streams, one of which enters the tubular part 1'B and the other in the tubular part 2B.
- said plasma gas streams transform into two opposite plasma flows 13 and 19, leaving through openings 6 and 15, after crossing cathode 2A and anode 1'A respectively.
- Rooms 1'B AND 2B tubular therefore form reaction chambers in which the plasma gas is transformed into plasma.
- FIG 4 there is shown an embodiment practice of Example I in Figure 1.
- the tubular body 30 of the plasma torch, surrounding the anode 1 and the cathode part 2 is constituted (at simplicity of construction) of a plurality of sections 30A, 30B, 30C ... coaxial with each other and with said electrodes and tightly assembled one at the end of the other.
- connection means 31 are provided for sealingly open open end 6, remote from the injection chamber 3, from the cathode 2A to a device quenching (not shown).
- Conduits 32 and 33 are respectively provided around the anode 1 and the workpiece cathodic 2 for the circulation of a cooling fluid of these.
- the means 34 for injecting the plasma gas into the chamber 3 are of the vortex injection type, such than those described in US-A-5,262,616. They are made up by a part of revolution, coaxial with the X-X axis and include an annular groove 35, supplied with plasma gas (arrows P) and connected to the injection chamber 3 by transverse holes 36.
- a short-circuit ignition device 37 is provided, known type with auxiliary starting electrode 38.
- the arc 10 can be struck between the parts of the anode 1 and of tubular part 2B, adjacent to the injection chamber 3, then stretched out under the effect of the vortex injection plasma gas, until feet 10a and 10b of said arc are attached to the internal surface of anode 1 near the bottom 5 and that of the cathode 2A, in the field coils 11 and 12.
- the torch of Figure 4 (see also Figure 5) has a section 30E constituting the device S for tangential blowing of the fluid tubular flow 14, surrounding the flow of plasma 13.
- the blowing device S comprises an inner ring 39 (crossed by the cooling conduits 33) and an outer ring 40 coaxial with the axis XX , forming between them an annular chamber 41, supplied with blowing gas (see arrows G) through said outer ring 40.
- the central opening 42 of the inner ring 39 has the diameter D and forms at least approximately an extension of the internal surface of cathode 2A. This central opening 42 therefore forms the transition between the internal surface of the tubular part 2B of diameter d and the internal surface of the cathode 2A of diameter D. It is connected to the annular chamber 41 by orifices 43, tangential to its internal surface .
- Example II of the plasma torch in the practical embodiment of Example II of the plasma torch, according to the present invention and shown in section in Figure 6, we have, compared to the mode of practical embodiment of Figures 4 and 5, replaced the anode 1 by the anode part 1 ', similar (but opposite along from the X-X axis) to the cathode part 2.
- the part anode 1 ′ comprises the anode 1'A and the tubular part 1'B, connected by a tangential blowing device S '.
- the anode 1'A, the tubular part 1'B and the device blowing S ′ are respectively identical to cathode 2A, to the tubular part 2B and to the blowing device S.
- Des connection means 44 are provided for connecting so seals the open end 15 away from the chamber injection 3, from the 1'A anode to a quenching device (not represented).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
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Description
- une première électrode et une seconde électrode, lesdites électrodes étant tubulaires, coaxiales et disposées en prolongement l'une de l'autre, de part et d'autre d'une chambre d'injection dudit gaz plasmagène, lesdites électrodes étant ouvertes à leurs extrémités en regard de ladite chambre d'injection, et
- des moyens pour injecter un courant du gaz plasmagène dans ladite chambre d'injection,
- ladite première électrode est en communication avec ladite chambre d'injection par l'intermédiaire d'une première pièce tubulaire traversée par ledit arc et constituant une première chambre de réaction dans laquelle ledit gaz plasmagène donne naissance au plasma sous l'action dudit arc électrique ; et
- il est prévu des premiers moyens permettant de former une barrière fluide entre ladite première électrode et ledit plasma.
- le plasma est formé dans une zone de réaction découplée des pieds d'arc. Par suite, lors de sa formation, ledit plasma ne peut être pollué par les particules arrachées à la matière des électrodes ; et
- les particules de matière de la première électrode, arrachées par le pied d'arc correspondant, sont empêchées de s'incorporer au plasma.
- capable de produire des composés chimiques non pollués par les produits d'érosion des électrodes ; et
- apte à optimiser, sans limitation de puissance, les conditions aérothermiques des réactions par ajustement du dimensionnement de la zone de réaction.
- le plasma n'est pas originellement pollué par les particules arrachées aux électrodes, grâce au découplage entre la zone de réaction et les pieds d'arc ; et
- le plasma ne peut être pollué aux sorties de la torche par lesdites particules, à cause de l'impossibilité du mélange entre le plasma et l'écoulement de soufflage.
- ladite seconde électrode soit également ouverte à son extrémité éloignée de ladite chambre d'injection, de sorte que l'écoulement dudit plasma est double et s'effectue à travers chacune desdites électrodes ;
- ladite seconde électrode soit également en communication avec ladite chambre d'injection par l'intermédiaire d'une seconde pièce tubulaire traversée par ledit arc et constituant une seconde chambre de réaction dans laquelle ledit gaz plasmagène donne naissance au plasma sous l'action dudit arc électrique ;
- il soit prévu des seconds moyens permettant de former une barrière fluide entre ladite seconde électrode et ledit plasma.
- puissance électrique : 500 KW
- intensité : de 200 à 700 A
- débit de gaz plasmagène : de 35 à 150 Nm3/h
- débit de gaz soufflé : de 3 à 15 Nm3/h.
Claims (20)
- Torche à plasma d'arc à courant continu, notamment destinée à l'obtention d'un corps chimique à partir d'un gaz plasmagène (P) comportant ledit corps, ladite torche comprenant :une première électrode et une seconde électrode, lesdites électrodes étant tubulaires, coaxiales et disposées en prolongement l'une de l'autre, de part et d'autre d'une chambre (3) d'injection dudit gaz plasmagène, lesdites électrodes étant ouvertes à leurs extrémités en regard de ladite chambre d'injection, etdes moyens (34) pour injecter un courant du gaz plasmagène dans ladite chambre d'injection,
caractérisée en ce que :ladite première électrode (2A) est en communication avec ladite chambre d'injection (3) par l'intermédiaire d'une première pièce tubulaire (2B) traversée par ledit arc (10) et constituant une première chambre de réaction dans laquelle ledit gaz plasmagène (P) donne naissance au plasma (13) sous l'action dudit arc électrique (10) ; etil est prévu des premiers moyens (7, 8, S) permettant de former une barrière fluide (14) entre ladite première électrode (2A) et ledit plasma (13). - Torche à plasma selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que ladite première pièce tubulaire (2B) est solidaire de ladite première électrode (2A). - Torche à plasma selon la revendication 2,
caractérisée en ce que ladite première pièce tubulaire (2B) et ladite première électrode (2A) forment une seule pièce (2). - Torche à plasma selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
caractérisée en ce que lesdits premiers moyens pour former ladite barrière fluide sont constitués par des premiers moyens de soufflage (7, 8, S) engendrant, sur la paroi interne de ladite première électrode (2A), un premier écoulement tubulaire (14) d'un gaz à pression au moins approximativement égale à celle du plasma et à température très inférieure à celle dudit plasma (13), ledit premier écoulement tubulaire fluide (14) entourant ledit écoulement du plasma (13) et s'écoulant dans le même sens que celui-ci. - Torche à plasma selon la revendication 4,
caractérisée en ce que le gaz (G) dudit premier écoulement tubulaire est l'hydrogène. - Torche à plasma selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 5,
caractérisée en ce que ladite première électrode (2A) présente un plus grand diamètre (D) que ladite première pièce tubulaire (2B) et en ce que lesdits premiers moyens de soufflage (7, 8, S) sont disposés entre ladite première pièce tubulaire et ladite première électrode. - Torche à plasma selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6,
caractérisée en ce que le gaz dudit premier écoulement tubulaire est soufflé sur la paroi interne de ladite première électrode, parallèlement à l'axe de cette dernière. - Torche à plasma selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6,
caractérisée en ce que le gaz dudit premier écoulement tubulaire est soufflé à l'intérieur de ladite première électrode, tangentiellement à la paroi interne de cette dernière. - Torche à plasma selon la revendication 8,
caractérisée en ce que lesdits premiers moyens de soufflage tangentiel (S) comportent une couronne intérieure (39) et une couronne extérieure (40) coaxiales, ménageant entre elles une chambre annulaire (41) alimentée en gaz de soufflage (G) à travers ladite couronne extérieure (40), tandis que l'ouverture centrale (42) de ladite couronne intérieure (39) forme au moins approximativement un prolongement de la surface interne de ladite première électrode (2A) et que ladite ouverture centrale (42) de la couronne intérieure est reliée à ladite chambre annulaire par au moins un orifice (43) tangentiel à ladite ouverture centrale. - Torche à plasma selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
caractérisé en ce que :ladite seconde électrode (1'A) est également ouverte à son extrémité éloignée de ladite chambre d'injection (3), de sorte que l'écoulement dudit plasma est double (13, 19) et s'effectue à travers chacune desdites électrodes ;ladite seconde électrode (1'A) est également en communication avec ladite chambre d'injection (3) par l'intermédiaire d'une seconde pièce tubulaire (1'B) traversée par ledit arc (10) et constituant une seconde chambre de réaction dans laquelle ledit gaz plasmagène (P) donne naissance au plasma sous l'action dudit arc électrique ;il est prévu des seconds moyens (16, 17, S') permettant de former une barrière fluide (20) entre ladite seconde électrode (1'A) et ledit plasma (19). - Torche à plasma selon la revendication 10,
caractérisée en ce que ladite seconde pièce tubulaire (1'B) est solidaire de ladite seconde électrode (1'A). - Torche à plasma selon la revendication 11,
caractérisée en ce que ladite seconde pièce tubulaire (1'B) et ladite seconde électrode (1'A) forment une seule pièce (1'). - Torche à plasma selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12,
caractérisée en ce que lesdits seconds moyens pour former ladite barrière fluide sont constitués par des seconds moyens de soufflage (16, 17, S') engendrant, sur la paroi interne de ladite seconde électrode (1'A), un second écoulement tubulaire (20) d'un gaz à pression au moins approximativement égale à celle du plasma et à température très inférieure à celle dudit plasma (13), ledit second écoulement tubulaire fluide (20) entourant ledit écoulement du plasma (19) et s'écoulant dans le même sens que celui-ci. - Torche à plasma selon la revendication 13,
caractérisée en ce que le gaz dudit second écoulement tubulaire est l'hydrogène. - Torche à plasma selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14,
caractérisée en ce que ladite seconde électrode (1'A) présente un plus grand diamètre (D) que ladite seconde pièce tubulaire (1'B) et en ce que lesdits seconds moyens de soufflage sont disposés entre ladite seconde pièce tubulaire et ladite seconde électrode. - Torche à plasma selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15,
caractérisée en ce que le gaz dudit second écoulement tubulaire est soufflé sur la paroi interne de ladite seconde électrode, parallèlement à l'axe de cette dernière. - Torche à plasma selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15,
caractérisée en ce que le gaz dudit second écoulement tubulaire est soufflé à l'intérieur de ladite seconde électrode, tangentiellement à la paroi interne de cette dernière. - Torche à plasma selon la revendication 17,
caractérisée en ce que lesdits seconds moyens de soufflage tangentiel (S') comportent une couronne intérieure (39) et une couronne extérieure (40) coaxiales, ménageant entre elles une chambre annulaire (41) alimentée en gaz de soufflage (G) à travers ladite couronne extérieure (40), tandis que l'ouverture centrale (42) de ladite couronne intérieure (39) forme au moins approximativement un prolongement de la surface interne de ladite seconde électrode (1'A) et que ladite ouverture centrale (42) de la couronne intérieure est reliée à ladite chambre annulaire par au moins un orifice (43) tangentiel à ladite ouverture centrale. - Torche à plasma selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18,
caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée d'une pluralité de tronçons (30A, 30B, ...) coaxiaux entre eux et auxdites électrodes et assemblés de façon étanche l'un au bout de l'autre. - Torche à plasma selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 19,
caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte des moyens (31, 44) pour raccorder de façon étanche l'extrémité ouverte, éloignée de la chambre d'injection (3), d'une électrode à un dispositif de trempe dudit plasma.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9505972 | 1995-05-19 | ||
FR9505972A FR2734445B1 (fr) | 1995-05-19 | 1995-05-19 | Torche a plasma d'arc a courant continu, particulierement destinee a l'obtention d'un corps chimique par decomposition d'un gaz plasmagene |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0743811A1 EP0743811A1 (fr) | 1996-11-20 |
EP0743811B1 true EP0743811B1 (fr) | 1998-11-04 |
Family
ID=9479173
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96400770A Expired - Lifetime EP0743811B1 (fr) | 1995-05-19 | 1996-04-10 | Torche à plasma d'arc à courant continu, particulièrement destinée à l'obtention d'un corps chimique par décomposition d'un gaz plasmagène |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5688417A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0743811B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH08339893A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2174571A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69600904T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2734445B1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA962967B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH690408A5 (de) * | 1996-02-23 | 2000-08-31 | Mgc Plasma Ag | Plasmabrenner für übertragenen Lichtbogen. |
US5905000A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1999-05-18 | Nanomaterials Research Corporation | Nanostructured ion conducting solid electrolytes |
US6933331B2 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2005-08-23 | Nanoproducts Corporation | Nanotechnology for drug delivery, contrast agents and biomedical implants |
FR2763466B1 (fr) * | 1997-05-14 | 1999-08-06 | Aerospatiale | Systeme de regulation et de pilotage d'une torche a plasma |
KR100276674B1 (ko) * | 1998-06-03 | 2001-01-15 | 정기형 | 플라즈마 토치 |
FR2798247B1 (fr) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-11-09 | Soudure Autogene Francaise | Torche a plasma avec systeme d'electrode a longue duree de vie |
US6472632B1 (en) | 1999-09-15 | 2002-10-29 | Nanoscale Engineering And Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for direct electrothermal-physical conversion of ceramic into nanopowder |
US6600127B1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2003-07-29 | Nanotechnologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for direct electrothermal-physical conversion of ceramic into nanopowder |
US7708974B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2010-05-04 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Tungsten comprising nanomaterials and related nanotechnology |
US7232975B2 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2007-06-19 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Plasma generators, reactor systems and related methods |
US7741577B2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2010-06-22 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Modular hybrid plasma reactor and related systems and methods |
US8536481B2 (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2013-09-17 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Electrode assemblies, plasma apparatuses and systems including electrode assemblies, and methods for generating plasma |
JP2009189948A (ja) * | 2008-02-14 | 2009-08-27 | Gyoseiin Genshino Iinkai Kakuno Kenkyusho | バイモデル仕事のプラズマ反応器装置 |
CN102598286A (zh) * | 2009-09-06 | 2012-07-18 | 张晗钟 | 管状光伏器件和制造方法 |
DK2514280T3 (da) * | 2009-12-15 | 2014-09-01 | Univ Danmarks Tekniske | Indretning til behandling af en overflade med mindst en glidende lysbuekilde |
KR101249457B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-07 | 2013-04-03 | 지에스플라텍 주식회사 | 비이송식 공동형 플라즈마 토치 |
JP2014170743A (ja) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-18 | Gs Platech Co Ltd | 非移送式中空型プラズマトーチ |
KR102105235B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-16 | 2020-04-27 | 가부시키가이샤 후지 | 플라스마 가스 조사 장치 |
GB2532195B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-12-28 | Fourth State Medicine Ltd | Plasma generation |
TWI842523B (zh) * | 2023-05-11 | 2024-05-11 | 暉盛科技股份有限公司 | 氣體分解裝置(一) |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3139509A (en) * | 1962-05-07 | 1964-06-30 | Thermal Dynamics Corp | Electric arc torch |
US3400070A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1968-09-03 | Hercules Inc | High efficiency plasma processing head including a diffuser having an expanding diameter |
GB1360659A (en) * | 1971-12-09 | 1974-07-17 | British Titan Ltd | Heating device |
FR2207961A1 (en) * | 1972-11-27 | 1974-06-21 | G N | Carbon prodn by pyrolysis - in a plasma using hydrocarbon gas |
CA1248185A (fr) * | 1985-06-07 | 1989-01-03 | Michel G. Drouet | Methode et systeme de controle de l'erosion des electrodes d'une torche a plasma |
CA1323670C (fr) * | 1988-05-17 | 1993-10-26 | Subramania Ramakrishnan | Reacteur a arc electrique |
FR2654293B1 (fr) * | 1989-11-08 | 1996-05-24 | Aerospatiale | Torche a plasma a injection non refroidie de gaz plasmagene. |
US5262616A (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1993-11-16 | Societe Nationale Industrielle Et Aerospatiale | Plasma torch for noncooled injection of plasmagene gas |
US5012065A (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1991-04-30 | New Mexico State University Technology Transfer Corporation | Inductively coupled plasma torch with laminar flow cooling |
JPH03224625A (ja) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-10-03 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | 超微粉合成装置 |
US5147998A (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1992-09-15 | Noranda Inc. | High enthalpy plasma torch |
US5374802A (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1994-12-20 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Vortex arc generator and method of controlling the length of the arc |
-
1995
- 1995-05-19 FR FR9505972A patent/FR2734445B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-10 EP EP96400770A patent/EP0743811B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-10 DE DE69600904T patent/DE69600904T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-15 ZA ZA962967A patent/ZA962967B/xx unknown
- 1996-04-18 US US08/634,352 patent/US5688417A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-19 CA CA002174571A patent/CA2174571A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-17 JP JP8123611A patent/JPH08339893A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2734445B1 (fr) | 1997-07-18 |
DE69600904D1 (de) | 1998-12-10 |
JPH08339893A (ja) | 1996-12-24 |
ZA962967B (en) | 1996-10-22 |
US5688417A (en) | 1997-11-18 |
DE69600904T2 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
CA2174571A1 (fr) | 1996-11-20 |
EP0743811A1 (fr) | 1996-11-20 |
FR2734445A1 (fr) | 1996-11-22 |
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