EP0743423B1 - Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Bohrbedingungen unter Anwendung eines Modells - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Bohrbedingungen unter Anwendung eines Modells Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0743423B1
EP0743423B1 EP96401030A EP96401030A EP0743423B1 EP 0743423 B1 EP0743423 B1 EP 0743423B1 EP 96401030 A EP96401030 A EP 96401030A EP 96401030 A EP96401030 A EP 96401030A EP 0743423 B1 EP0743423 B1 EP 0743423B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rock
fluid
drilling
cuttings
model
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96401030A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0743423A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Putot
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the conditions for drilling a tool comprising several cutters interacting with a rock.
  • the method involves the use of a drilling model based on the coupling of effects destruction of the rock by the cutters and the effects of the removal of the cuttings by a fluid.
  • the invention preferably applies to the study of the phenomenon of a tool jamming. of the PDC type. Jamming is a malfunction frequently observed by the driller and very harmful because it can greatly decrease the speed of advance of the drilling and sometimes even, in certain terrains, irreversibly annihilate the effects of drilling.
  • the drilling conditions are determined according to the response of the model for determined values of said parameters.
  • At least one of the parameters: weight on the tool, speed of rotation of the tool and fluid flow, can be a control parameter.
  • the lift W of the tool can be broken down into a component solid Ws and a hydraulic component Wh depending in particular on the fluid blade.
  • the present method can make it possible to help a determination of the structure of the drilling tools: for example, shape and location of the cutting, determining hydraulic flows in the vicinity of the destruction of the rock.
  • the model presented below is a non-linear evolution model with, in a first variant, three independent variables supposed to completely characterize the state of the drilling system. It is in fact a so-called "local" cutter model whose operation suffices to describe, in this variant, an average of the overall behavior of the drilling tool.
  • FIG. 1B the cutter is in interaction with the virgin rock 2 and the current penetration ⁇ constitutes a first state variable.
  • FIG. 1A shows the initial conditions where the cutter of height H, fixed on a body 3, has penetrated from the depth ⁇ 0 into the rock.
  • Specific studies are also conducted on the cutting process which show the difficulty of taking into account and the diversity of modes of representation: more or less guaranteed independence of the cutting and abutment effects, not necessarily one-to-one link of penetration and of the normal force, justified by the theory of plasticity, influence of successive recoveries (work hardening).
  • Each of the N C equivalent cutting edges constituting the tool produces rock chips and this instantaneous production, assumed to be proportional to ⁇ , is partially evacuated into the annular space, partially stored in the immediate vicinity of the cutting edge in the form of a bed of debris, the l 'current thickness is the second state variable of our formulation, called l; this debris bed is assumed to line the rock front evenly.
  • the third state variable is also very naturally introduced: it may be the concentration c of the suspension but the choice will be made of the "equivalent” dynamic viscosity associated ⁇ or the equivalent kinematic viscosity ⁇ (at distinguish from the viscosity ⁇ 0 of the fluid proper).
  • the thwarted circulation of drilling fluid (enriched in particles) and in particular the pressure drop at the front of the tool are indicators of this lift effect.
  • the present invention also describes a rock rupture model integrated into the drilling model.
  • ⁇ 0 be the self-weight of the rock chip of current size D c and ⁇ c the suction force exerted on this fragment to retain it; the evacuation condition is written: F L ⁇ o ⁇ ⁇ vs ⁇ O with a representation model of ⁇ c due to Eronini (1982), the details of which are not reproduced here, condensed thanks to the parameter ⁇ , in particular as a function of the presence of a cake whose permeability is assumed to be known.
  • ⁇ ⁇ D since the acceleration of the chip takes place mainly under the effect of the drag forces.
  • V f is the basic volume of the chip and N c the number of production sites, in other words, the number of cutters.
  • V ⁇ R homogeneous at a volume per unit of time, is the solid evacuation rate.
  • B ( ⁇ ) the balance, homogeneous with an accumulation (length) per unit of time.
  • the expulsion term also visibly depends on the current residual thickness of the fluid blade, i.e. h, which is rather considered as a parameter in appendix 3.
  • the problem a priori comprises five variables including three of geometric type : ⁇ , l, h respectively depth of notch in the virgin rock, thickness of bed of debris and thickness of the fluid section. ( ⁇ worn blade height is a variable of slow evolution in comparison with those which will be studied in this problem; it therefore intervenes here as a parameter); then two state variables of the concentration of the suspension type; c the concentration, ⁇ the associated "equivalent” kinematic viscosity (to be distinguished from the viscosity ⁇ o of the drilling fluid itself).
  • the simulations consisted in varying the entry ⁇ o , initial notch depth in the absence of a debris bed (representative of the weight on the tool under ideal clearance conditions).
  • the result of the calculation is ⁇ *, notch at equilibrium - once the transient has passed - and which conditions the speed of penetration stabilized.
  • the penetration efficiency can become zero, past a certain weight threshold, depending on the parameters of the problem (and this corresponds to the stuffing threshold).
  • the degree of drilling efficiency is judged by comparing the "solid" and "hydraulic" lift effects.
  • the release conditions gradually become more and more unfavorable vis-à-vis the conditions of rock production, with the increase in weight on the tool (equivalent to the increase in ⁇ o ).
  • the resumption of this weight is done more and more in the form of hydraulic lift W H due to gradually more difficult conditions of expulsion of the drilling fluid enriched with particles (increasing pressure losses) to the detriment of the solid vertical force W S assigned to the effective work of disintegration of virgin rock.
  • the drag effect F D is evaluated by Eronini according to a formula analogous to that describing the lift effect.
  • This characteristic time is independent of the particle size D C.
  • D c o / ⁇ is the threshold, essentially taking into account the pressure conditions, above which the particles need not be counted in the discharge balance.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Verfahren zum Verbessern des Leistungsverhaltens, unter Anwendung eines Bohrmodells, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses Modell die Zerstörungsauswirkungen (2) eines Gesteins durch wenigstens eine Bohrschneide (1), die an einem in Drehung versetzten Werkzeugkörper (3) befestigt ist sowie die Effekte beim Abziehen des Gesteins-Bohrklein durch ein Fluid berücksichtigt, indem eine Materialbilanz berechnet wird, ausgehend von:
    der Produktion von Gesteins-Bohrklein durch die Bohrschneide, die in das Gestein um eine Tiefe δ eingedrungen ist,
    einem Bett aus Bohrklein, das dieses Gestein unter einer Dicke 1 überdeckt,
    einem flachen Fluidstrahl von der Dicke h zwischen diesem Bohrkleinbett und diesem Körper, wobei der flache Fluidstrahl eine Konzentration c an Bohrklein hat,
    Steuerparametern,
    Parametern der Umgebung,
    und daß man die Bohrbedingungen als Funktion des Ansprechverhaltens dieses Modells für bestimmte Werte dieser Parameter bestimmt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens einer dieser Parameter: Gewicht auf dem Werkzeug, Drehgeschwindigkeit des Werkzeuges und Fluiddurchsatz ein Steuerparameter ist.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in diesem Modell die Tragkraft W des Werkzeuges zerlegt wird in eine Feststoffkomponente Ws und eine hydraulische Komponente Wh, die insbesondere Funktion des flachen Fluidstrahls ist.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die granulometrische Verteilung der Bohrkleinteile, die gemäß einem normalen Gesetz entsprechend der Tiefe δ des Einschnitts verteilt sind, dem Mittel µ das mit der Duktilität des Gesteins verknüpft ist und einer durch die Abweichung Typ σ charakterisierten Dispersion in Betracht zieht.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Feststoffmaterialbilanz B(t) derart ist, daß B(t) = B+(t) - B-(t), wobei B(t) ein Ausdruck der Erzeugung von Bohrklein abhängig von δ ist und dem Zerstörungsrhythmus des Gesteins entspricht und B-(t) ein Ausdruck für die Ausspülung abhängig von l und h ist.
EP96401030A 1995-05-15 1996-05-13 Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Bohrbedingungen unter Anwendung eines Modells Expired - Lifetime EP0743423B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9505825A FR2734315B1 (fr) 1995-05-15 1995-05-15 Methode de determination des conditions de forage comportant un modele de foration
FR9505825 1995-05-15

Publications (2)

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EP0743423A1 EP0743423A1 (de) 1996-11-20
EP0743423B1 true EP0743423B1 (de) 1998-08-12

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US (1) US5730234A (de)
EP (1) EP0743423B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69600511T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2734315B1 (de)
NO (1) NO308915B1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO961962L (no) 1996-11-18
FR2734315B1 (fr) 1997-07-04
DE69600511T2 (de) 1998-12-10
US5730234A (en) 1998-03-24
EP0743423A1 (de) 1996-11-20
DE69600511D1 (de) 1998-09-17
NO308915B1 (no) 2000-11-13
NO961962D0 (no) 1996-05-14
FR2734315A1 (fr) 1996-11-22

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