EP0733855B1 - Roller grate - Google Patents

Roller grate Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0733855B1
EP0733855B1 EP95104112A EP95104112A EP0733855B1 EP 0733855 B1 EP0733855 B1 EP 0733855B1 EP 95104112 A EP95104112 A EP 95104112A EP 95104112 A EP95104112 A EP 95104112A EP 0733855 B1 EP0733855 B1 EP 0733855B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blast
roller grate
grate according
roller
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95104112A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0733855A1 (en
Inventor
Kai Dr. Keldenich
Jürgen Scheffler
Peter Grell
Othmar Frielingsdorf
Colin Peter Robson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Anlagen AG
Original Assignee
Deutsche Babcock Anlagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE59503782T priority Critical patent/DE59503782D1/en
Application filed by Deutsche Babcock Anlagen AG filed Critical Deutsche Babcock Anlagen AG
Priority to EP95104112A priority patent/EP0733855B1/en
Priority to ES95104112T priority patent/ES2122368T3/en
Priority to AT95104112T priority patent/ATE171772T1/en
Priority to US08/945,396 priority patent/US5967064A/en
Priority to KR1019970706547A priority patent/KR19980703144A/en
Priority to PCT/EP1996/000974 priority patent/WO1996029545A1/en
Priority to JP8528031A priority patent/JPH11502296A/en
Publication of EP0733855A1 publication Critical patent/EP0733855A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0733855B1 publication Critical patent/EP0733855B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H9/00—Revolving-grates; Rocking or shaking grates
    • F23H9/02—Revolving cylindrical grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using solid fuels; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23B2900/00004—Means for generating pulsating combustion of solid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a roller grate according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a roller grate in which is formed by rust-like Intermediate pieces of air being blown into the gusset is also already known from DE-PS 600 546.
  • the rusty The intermediate piece is formed in two parts, and the two parts are relative to each other and to the by means of an eccentric Rollers movable. Through the movement, the surface should Fuel bed to be stoked. Get the spacers the air from the neighboring rollers. The over the Air flows blown in between are therefore partial flows the primary air.
  • the fuel layer is essential in the area of the gusset thicker than in the areas where they are on the rollers lies on.
  • the fuel material tends to in the gusset areas where the fines are enriches to condense. As a result, the air requirement in these areas particularly high.
  • the fuel layer is thin and loose, e.g. in the edge zones of the grate.
  • the invention has for its object the roller grate according to develop the preamble of claim 1 further, so that in the gusset areas the fire is stoked and kindled.
  • a combustion chamber 1 of a waste incineration plant with loading hopper 2, ash chute 3 and flue gas flue 4 can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the bottom of the combustion chamber 1 forms a roller grate consisting of a total of six rollers 5 of approximately 1.5 m in diameter.
  • the axes of the rollers 5 lie horizontally and parallel to one another in an inclined plane which is inclined in the direction of the chute 3 about 20 to 30 degrees.
  • the shells of the rollers 5 consist - as indicated in the figure - of grate bars 6, each of which extends over an arc of 36 degrees, so that a total of ten grate bars 6 form a closed ring.
  • the grate bars 6 are about 5 cm wide.
  • Each roller has a drive with which its speed can be continuously adjusted in a range between approximately 0.6 h -1 and 12 h -1 .
  • a system consisting essentially of air boxes 7 for supplying primary air to the rollers 5 is arranged under the roller grate. The primary air flows to the rollers 5 can be controlled individually. The primary air distribution is adapted to the different oxygen requirements of the different zones of the grate; the maximum lies in the main combustion zone, ie in the area of the second, third and fourth rollers.
  • An uneven fuel layer 8 is indicated on the rollers 5.
  • the width of the intermediate piece 9 is in a ratio of about 1: 5 to 1:10 to the roller diameter. It has no air outlets.
  • roller grate corresponds to the state of the art.
  • the rings 12 enclose blow pipes 13 with play. These have a diameter between 20 and 120 mm and are made of heat-resistant steel. They penetrate the two lateral combustion chamber walls 14 and extend approximately to the middle.
  • the blowpipes 13 are closed at the free end in the middle of the roll. They are rotatably mounted outside the combustion chamber and can be pivoted about their axis by means of a drive, not shown.
  • Each blow pipe 13 is provided with a plurality of blow openings 15 distributed over its length, directed vertically or obliquely upwards. The distance between two adjacent blowing openings is 50 to 1,000 mm.
  • the blow openings have diameters between 2 mm and 20 mm.
  • each blow pipe 13 has a total of ten blow openings of 0.6 cm diameter arranged at regular intervals over its length of 2.5 m.
  • the two blow tubes 13 arranged in a roll winder thus have a summed blow cross section of almost 6 cm 2 .
  • the blowing openings can be arranged at different distances along the length of the blowing tube 13 and / or can have different diameters. They can also be arranged differently in the different blowpipes of a roller grate.
  • blowing cross section per meter of blowing tube length is greatest in the zone of greatest oxygen demand, ie in the middle of the roll and in particular in the gussets between the second and third as well as the third and fourth rolls.
  • the blowpipes may also be missing in the gusset behind the first roller and between the fifth and sixth rollers.
  • the blowing openings are designed as Laval nozzles 16a to 16d.
  • an inner tube 17 which several rows of openings 18a to 18d on its circumference, 19a to 19d.
  • the Openings 18a to 18d free the Laval nozzles 16a to 16d.
  • the openings 19a, 19b give the Laval nozzles 16a, 16b free.
  • the openings 19c, 19d are however to the Laval nozzles 16c, 16d arranged offset, so that the Laval nozzles 16c, 16d are locked in this position.
  • axial Displacement of the inner tube 17 in the blow tube 13 can be the Laval nozzles 16a, 16b block and the Laval nozzles 16c, 16d to open.
  • the blowpipes 13 are via valves 20, which are through a Time switch device 21 are not to be actuated additional air system shown connected. It stands with a reservoir, the pure oxygen or contains oxygen-enriched air.
  • blowpipes 13 preheated and up to 50% enriched with oxygen, blown in. Because the blowguns 13 in the gusset of garbage are enclosed, the blowing jets certainly penetrate the garbage layer.
  • blowpipes 13 are periodic panned back and forth. This will make a good one Loosening effect achieved.
  • the pressure in the auxiliary air system can also be selected as high be that the additional air flows supersonic speed reach, provided, of course, that the blowpipes 13 with Laval nozzles 16 are equipped. In this case, it is recommended to blow in the additional air intermittently at intervals.
  • the duration of an air blast is e.g. between 10 s and 100 s, the duration of an interval between 30 s and 300 s.
  • the quantity ratio between additional air and Primary air is consistently between 1:10 to 1: 100, preferably between 1:10 and 1:30. If the ratio e.g. 1:20 and the additional air by adding Oxygen is enriched to 30% Oxygen demand below 0.6% of the primary air volume.
  • An additional advantage of the invention is that ash diarrhea in the gusset area is reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The roller grating has blast tubes (13) parallel to the rollers in the gaps between them. The blast tubes are connected to a separate auxiliary air system. They have blast apertures (15) in them. The blast tubes are used to blow auxiliary air into the gaps. The total of the aperture areas per metre of blast tube length is between 0.5 and 10 sq. cm., pref. not more than 5 sq. cm. There may be holders (10) to fix the blast tubes to intermediate pieces (9).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Walzenrost gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a roller grate according to the preamble of claim 1.

Sie geht von einem Stand der Technik aus, der durch die SU 1 756 741 A1 bekannt geworden ist. Darin wird ein Walzenrost beschrieben, bei dem jedes Zwischenstück aus einem System von feststehenden Roststäben aufgebaut ist, zwischen denen sich Luftspalte befinden. Unter den Zwischenstücken sind Luftkästen angebracht, denen von einem zusätzlichen, vom Primärluftsystem unabhängigen Ventilator Luft zugeführt wird. Dadurch soll insbesondere der Ausbrand verbessert werden.It is based on a state of the art which is characterized by the SU 1 756 741 A1 has become known. In it is a Roller grate described, in which each intermediate piece from one System of fixed grate bars is built between where there are air gaps. Among the spacers are Air boxes attached, those of an additional, of Primary air system independent fan air is supplied. This should improve burnout in particular.

Ein Walzenrost, bei dem durch rostartig ausgebildete Zwischenstücke Luft in die Zwickel eingeblasen wird, ist auch schon aus der DE-PS 600 546 bekannt. Das rostartige Zwischenstück ist zweiteilig ausgebildet, und die beiden Teile sind mittels eines Exzenters relativ zueinander und zu den Walzen beweglich. Durch die Bewegung soll das aufliegende Brennstoffbett geschürt werden. Die Zwischenstücke erhalten die Luft von den benachbarten Walzen. Die über die Zwischenstücke eingeblasenen Luftströme sind daher Teilströme der Primärluft.A roller grate in which is formed by rust-like Intermediate pieces of air being blown into the gusset is also already known from DE-PS 600 546. The rusty The intermediate piece is formed in two parts, and the two parts are relative to each other and to the by means of an eccentric Rollers movable. Through the movement, the surface should Fuel bed to be stoked. Get the spacers the air from the neighboring rollers. The over the Air flows blown in between are therefore partial flows the primary air.

Soweit bekannt, haben die Vorschläge gemäß den beiden erwähnten Schriften bisher bei Müllverbrennungsanlagen keinen Eingang in die Praxis gefunden. Bei den bis heute gebauten und in Betrieb befindlichen Walzenrostfeuerungen sind die Zwischenräume zwischen zwei benachbarten Walzen durch Zwischenstücke in Gestalt von schmalen Leisten überbrückt, die gewöhnlich als Abstreifer bezeichnet werden. Spezielle Ausführungsformen derartiger Leisten sind z.B. der DE 34 20 020 C1 und der DE 43 00 636 C1 zu entnehmen. Eine zusätzliche Luftzufuhr in den Walzenzwickeln ist nicht vorgesehen. Die gesamte dem Brennstoffbett zugeführte Primärluft wird durch die Mantelflächen der Rostwalzen zugeführt.As far as is known, the proposals according to the two Writings mentioned so far have not been used in waste incineration plants Found in practice. In those built to date and roller grate furnaces in operation are the Gaps between two adjacent rollers Bridges in the form of narrow strips bridging the are commonly referred to as wipers. Specific Embodiments of such strips are e.g. of the DE 34 20 020 C1 and DE 43 00 636 C1. A there is no additional air supply in the drum rolls intended. The whole fed to the fuel bed Primary air is generated through the surface of the grate rollers fed.

Im Bereich der Zwickel ist die Brennstoffschicht wesentlich dicker als in den Bereichen, in denen sie auf den Walzen aufliegt. Außerdem hat das Brennstoffmaterial die Tendenz, sich in den Zwickelbereichen, in denen sich das Feingut anreichert, zu verdichten. Dadurch ist der Luftbedarf in diesen Bereichen besonders hoch. Andererseits wird aber durch den erhöhten Strömungswiderstand des aufliegenden Mülls der Primärluftstrom aus den Zwickeln in die Bereiche abgedrängt, in denen die Brennstoffschicht dünn und locker ist, also z.B. in die Randzonen des Rostes.The fuel layer is essential in the area of the gusset thicker than in the areas where they are on the rollers lies on. In addition, the fuel material tends to in the gusset areas where the fines are enriches to condense. As a result, the air requirement in these areas particularly high. On the other hand, through the increased flow resistance of the rubbish on the Primary air flow forced out of the gussets into the areas, in which the fuel layer is thin and loose, e.g. in the edge zones of the grate.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Walzenrost gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 weiter zu entwickeln, so daß in den Zwickelbereichen das Feuer geschürt und angefacht wird.The invention has for its object the roller grate according to develop the preamble of claim 1 further, so that in the gusset areas the fire is stoked and kindled.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. In den Bereich der Zwickel eingeblasene Luftstrahlen vergrößern das Sauerstoffangebot und bewirken eine Auflockerung des Brennstoffbettes, die den Kontakt zwischen Brennstoffpartikeln und Sauerstoff verbessert. Das auf diese Weise in den Zwickeln angefachte Feuer ist sogar besonders intensiv und wirkt als Zünder für den darüberliegenden Müll. Es beschleunigt seine Verbrennung und trägt so zu einer Erhöhung der Verbrennungsleistung der Feuerung bei. This task is characterized by the characteristics of the Claim 1 solved. Blown into the gusset area Air jets increase the oxygen supply and have an effect a loosening of the fuel bed, making contact between fuel particles and oxygen improved. The fire kindled in the gusset this way is even particularly intense and acts as a detonator for the rubbish above. It accelerates its combustion and thus contributes to an increase in the combustion performance of the Firing at.

Die Zeichnung dient zur Erläuterung der Erfindung anhand eines vereinfacht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels.

Figur 1
zeigt schematisch eine Seitenansicht eines Walzenrostes.
Figur 2
zeigt eine Draufsicht auf den Walzenrost.
Figur 3
zeigt in größerem Maßstab eine Einzelheit aus Figur 1.
Figur 4
zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen Teil eines Blasrohres.
The drawing serves to explain the invention with reference to an embodiment shown in simplified form.
Figure 1
shows schematically a side view of a roller grate.
Figure 2
shows a top view of the roller grate.
Figure 3
shows a detail of Figure 1 on a larger scale.
Figure 4
shows a section through a part of a blowpipe.

Ein Feuerraum 1 einer Müllverbrennungsanlage mit Beschickungstrichter 2, Ascheausfallschacht 3 und Rauchgaszug 4 ist aus Figur 1 ersichtlich. Den Boden des Feuerraums 1 bildet ein Walzenrost, bestehend aus insgesamt sechs Walzen 5 von etwa 1,5 m Durchmesser. Die Achsen der Walzen 5 liegen waagerecht und parallel zueinander in einer schiefen Ebene, die in Richtung auf den Ausfallschacht 3 etwa 20 bis 30 Grad geneigt ist. Die Mäntel der Walzen 5 bestehen - wie in Figur angedeutet - aus Roststäben 6, von den sich jeder über einen Bogen von 36 Grad erstreckt, so daß insgesamt zehn Roststäbe 6 einen geschlossenen Ring bilden. Die Roststäbe 6 sind etwa 5 cm breit. Zwischen zwei benachbarten Roststäben 6 besteht ein Spalt von etwa 2 bis 3 mm. Jede Walze hat einen Antrieb, mit dem ihre Drehzahl in einem Bereich zwischen etwa 0,6 h-1 und 12 h-1 stufenlos einstellbar ist. Unter dem Walzenrost ist ein im wesentlichen aus Luftkästen 7 bestehendes System zum Zuführen von Primärluft zu den Walzen 5 angeordnet. Die Primärluftströme zu den Walzen 5 sind einzeln steuerbar. Die Primärluftverteilung ist dem unterschiedlichen Sauerstoffbedarf der verschiedenen Zonen des Rostes angepaßt; das Maximum liegt in der Hauptverbrennungszone, d.h. im Bereich der zweiten, dritten und vierten Walze. Auf den Walzen 5 ist eine ungleichmäßige Brennstoffschicht 8 angedeutet. Zwischen je zwei benachbarten Walzen 5 besteht ein im Vergleich zum Walzendurchmesser kleiner Abstand, der durch ein schmales, leistenförmiges Zwischenstück 9 überbrückt ist. Die Breite des Zwischenstücks 9 steht zum Walzendurchmesser in einem Verhältnis zwischen etwa 1:5 bis 1:10. Es hat keine Luftdurchlässe.A combustion chamber 1 of a waste incineration plant with loading hopper 2, ash chute 3 and flue gas flue 4 can be seen in FIG. 1. The bottom of the combustion chamber 1 forms a roller grate consisting of a total of six rollers 5 of approximately 1.5 m in diameter. The axes of the rollers 5 lie horizontally and parallel to one another in an inclined plane which is inclined in the direction of the chute 3 about 20 to 30 degrees. The shells of the rollers 5 consist - as indicated in the figure - of grate bars 6, each of which extends over an arc of 36 degrees, so that a total of ten grate bars 6 form a closed ring. The grate bars 6 are about 5 cm wide. There is a gap of approximately 2 to 3 mm between two adjacent grate bars 6. Each roller has a drive with which its speed can be continuously adjusted in a range between approximately 0.6 h -1 and 12 h -1 . A system consisting essentially of air boxes 7 for supplying primary air to the rollers 5 is arranged under the roller grate. The primary air flows to the rollers 5 can be controlled individually. The primary air distribution is adapted to the different oxygen requirements of the different zones of the grate; the maximum lies in the main combustion zone, ie in the area of the second, third and fourth rollers. An uneven fuel layer 8 is indicated on the rollers 5. Between each two adjacent rollers 5 there is a small distance compared to the roller diameter, which is bridged by a narrow, strip-shaped intermediate piece 9. The width of the intermediate piece 9 is in a ratio of about 1: 5 to 1:10 to the roller diameter. It has no air outlets.

Insoweit entspricht der Walzenrost dem Stand der Technik.In this respect, the roller grate corresponds to the state of the art.

Auf dem Zwischenstück 9 sind in Abständen mehrere Halteorgane 10 befestigt, bestehend aus je einem Fuß 11 und einem Ring 12. Die Ringe 12 umschließen mit Spiel Blasrohre 13. Diese haben einen Durchmesser zwischen 20 und 120 mm und sind aus warmfestem Stahl hergestellt. Sie durchdringen die beiden seitlichen Feuerraumwände 14 und reichen etwa bis zur Mitte. Am freien Ende in der Walzenmitte sind die Blasrohre 13 verschlossen. Sie sind außerhalb des Feuerraumes drehbar gelagert und mittels eines nicht dargestellten Antriebs um ihre Achse verschwenkbar. Jedes Blasrohr 13 ist mit mehreren über seine Länge verteilten, senkrecht oder schräg nach oben gerichteten Blasöffnungen 15 versehen. Der Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Blasöffnungen beträgt 50 bis 1 000 mm. Die Blasöffnungen haben Durchmesser zwischen 2 mm und 20 mm. Dabei sind Durchmesser und Abstand so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß die Summe der Öffnungsflächen pro m Blasrohrlänge mindestens 0,5 cm2 und höchstens 10 cm2 beträgt, vorzugsweise höchstens 5 cm2. Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel hat jedes Blasrohr 13 auf seiner Länge von 2,5 m insgesamt zehn in gleichmäßigen Abständen angeordnete Blasöffnungen von 0,6 cm Durchmesser. Die beiden in einem Walzenzwickel angeordneten Blasrohre 13 haben also einen summierten Blasquerschnitt von knapp 6 cm2. Die Blasöffnungen können auf der Länge des Blasrohres 13 in unterschiedlichen Abständen angeordnet sein und/oder unterschiedliche Durchmesser haben. Sie können auch bei den verschiedenen Blasrohren eines Walzenrostes unterschiedlich angeordnet sein. Zweckmäßig sind sie so angeordnet und dimensioniert, daß in der Zone des größten Sauerstoffbedarfs, d.h. in der Walzenmitte und insbesondere in den Zwickeln zwischen der zweiten und dritten sowie der dritten und vierten Walze, der Blasquerschnitt pro m Blasrohrlänge am größten ist. In dem Zwickel hinter der ersten Walze und zwischen der fünften und sechsten Walze können die Blasrohre auch fehlen.On the intermediate piece 9 several holding members 10 are attached at intervals, each consisting of a foot 11 and a ring 12. The rings 12 enclose blow pipes 13 with play. These have a diameter between 20 and 120 mm and are made of heat-resistant steel. They penetrate the two lateral combustion chamber walls 14 and extend approximately to the middle. The blowpipes 13 are closed at the free end in the middle of the roll. They are rotatably mounted outside the combustion chamber and can be pivoted about their axis by means of a drive, not shown. Each blow pipe 13 is provided with a plurality of blow openings 15 distributed over its length, directed vertically or obliquely upwards. The distance between two adjacent blowing openings is 50 to 1,000 mm. The blow openings have diameters between 2 mm and 20 mm. The diameter and distance are matched to one another such that the sum of the opening areas per m of blowpipe length is at least 0.5 cm 2 and at most 10 cm 2 , preferably at most 5 cm 2 . In a preferred embodiment, each blow pipe 13 has a total of ten blow openings of 0.6 cm diameter arranged at regular intervals over its length of 2.5 m. The two blow tubes 13 arranged in a roll winder thus have a summed blow cross section of almost 6 cm 2 . The blowing openings can be arranged at different distances along the length of the blowing tube 13 and / or can have different diameters. They can also be arranged differently in the different blowpipes of a roller grate. They are expediently arranged and dimensioned in such a way that the blowing cross section per meter of blowing tube length is greatest in the zone of greatest oxygen demand, ie in the middle of the roll and in particular in the gussets between the second and third as well as the third and fourth rolls. The blowpipes may also be missing in the gusset behind the first roller and between the fifth and sixth rollers.

Bei dem in Figur 4 veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Blasöffnungen als Lavaldüsen 16a bis 16d ausgebildet. In dem Blasrohr 13 sitzt teleskopartig ein Innenrohr 17, welches auf seinem Umfang mehrere Reihen von Öffnungen 18a bis 18d, 19a bis 19d hat. In der dargestellten Position geben die Öffnungen 18a bis 18d die Lavaldüsen 16a bis 16d frei. Verdreht man das Innenrohr 17 jedoch um 180 Grad um seine Achse, so geben zwar die Öffnungen 19a, 19b die Lavaldüsen 16a, 16b frei. Die Öffnungen 19c, 19d sind jedoch zu den Lavaldüsen 16c, 16d versetzt angeordnet, so daß die Lavaldüsen 16c, 16d in dieser Position gesperrt sind. Durch axiale Verschiebung des Innenrohres 17 in dem Blasrohr 13 lassen sich die Lavaldüsen 16a, 16b sperren und die Lavaldüsen 16c, 16d öffnen.In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 are the blowing openings are designed as Laval nozzles 16a to 16d. In the blower tube 13 sits telescopically, an inner tube 17 which several rows of openings 18a to 18d on its circumference, 19a to 19d. In the position shown, the Openings 18a to 18d free the Laval nozzles 16a to 16d. If you turn the inner tube 17 by 180 degrees around his Axis, the openings 19a, 19b give the Laval nozzles 16a, 16b free. The openings 19c, 19d are however to the Laval nozzles 16c, 16d arranged offset, so that the Laval nozzles 16c, 16d are locked in this position. By axial Displacement of the inner tube 17 in the blow tube 13 can be the Laval nozzles 16a, 16b block and the Laval nozzles 16c, 16d to open.

Die Blasrohre 13 sind über Ventile 20, die durch eine Zeitschaltvorrichtung 21 zu betätigen sind, an ein nicht dargestelltes Zusatzluftsystem angeschlossen. Es steht mit einem Vorratsbehälter in Verbindung, der reinen Sauerstoff oder mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft enthält.The blowpipes 13 are via valves 20, which are through a Time switch device 21 are not to be actuated additional air system shown connected. It stands with a reservoir, the pure oxygen or contains oxygen-enriched air.

Im Betrieb wird über die Blasrohre 13 Zusatzluft, vorzugsweise vorgewärmt und bis zu 50 % mit Sauerstoff angereichert, eingeblasen. Da die Blasrohre 13 in den Zwickeln von Müll umschlossen sind, dringen die Blasstrahlen mit Sicherheit in die Müllschicht ein. In operation, additional air is preferably supplied via the blowpipes 13 preheated and up to 50% enriched with oxygen, blown in. Because the blowguns 13 in the gusset of garbage are enclosed, the blowing jets certainly penetrate the garbage layer.

Es sind verschiedene Betriebsweisen möglich. Wenn z.B. mit einem Druck gearbeitet wird, bei dem die Geschwindigkeit der Zusatzluftströme noch wesentlich unter der Schallgeschwindigkeit liegt, wird die Zusatzluft mit Vorteil kontinuierlich zugeführt. Die Blasrohre 13 werden periodisch hin und her geschwenkt. Dadurch wird ein guter Auflockerungseffekt erzielt.Different modes of operation are possible. If e.g. With a pressure is worked at which the speed of the Additional air flows still significantly below the Speed of sound, the additional air is advantageous fed continuously. The blowpipes 13 are periodic panned back and forth. This will make a good one Loosening effect achieved.

Der Druck im Zusatzluftsystem kann aber auch so hoch gewählt werden, daß die Zusatzluftströme Überschallgeschwindigkeit erreichen, vorausgesetzt natürlich, daß die Blasrohre 13 mit Lavaldüsen 16 bestückt sind. In diesem Falle empfiehlt es sich, die Zusatzluft mit Intervallen stoßweise einzublasen. Die Dauer eines Luftstoßes liegt z.B. zwischen 10 s und 100 s, die Dauer eines Intervalls zwischen 30 s und 300 s.The pressure in the auxiliary air system can also be selected as high be that the additional air flows supersonic speed reach, provided, of course, that the blowpipes 13 with Laval nozzles 16 are equipped. In this case, it is recommended to blow in the additional air intermittently at intervals. The duration of an air blast is e.g. between 10 s and 100 s, the duration of an interval between 30 s and 300 s.

Durch den zusätzlichen Schüreffekt werden Zusammenballungen aufgelöst. Dadurch werden die Oberflächen der Partikel besser der Primärluft ausgesetzt. Die Primärluft wird besser genutzt. Das läßt sich mit relativ geringen Mengen Zusatzluft erreichen. Das Mengenverhältnis zwischen Zusatzluft und Primärluft liegt durchweg zwischen 1:10 bis 1:100, vorzugsweise zwischen 1:10 und 1:30. Wenn das Mengenverhältnis z.B. 1:20 beträgt und die Zusatzluft durch Beimischung von Sauerstoff auf 30 % angereichert ist, liegt der Sauerstoffbedarf unter 0,6 % der Primärluftmenge.Due to the additional school effect, agglomerations become dissolved. This improves the surface of the particles exposed to primary air. The primary air is better used. This can be done with relatively small amounts of additional air to reach. The quantity ratio between additional air and Primary air is consistently between 1:10 to 1: 100, preferably between 1:10 and 1:30. If the ratio e.g. 1:20 and the additional air by adding Oxygen is enriched to 30% Oxygen demand below 0.6% of the primary air volume.

Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil der Erfindung besteht auch darin, daß der Aschedurchfall im Zwickelbereich verkleinert wird.An additional advantage of the invention is that ash diarrhea in the gusset area is reduced.

Claims (11)

  1. Roller grate for refuse incineration plants with several rollers, the axes of which are arranged horizontally and parallel to one another in an oblique plane and the circumferential surfaces of which are provided with air gaps for the feed of primary air, with intermediate members which are arranged in the nips of adjacent rollers and bridge over the intermediate space between the two rollers and with a system for the feed of primary air into the interior of the rollers and a separate system for the feed of supplementary air into the nips, characterised thereby that blast tubes (13), which are connected to the supplementary air system and are provided with blast openings (15) and which are parallel to the roller axes, are disposed at least in the main combustion zone in the nips.
  2. Roller grate according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the sum of the opening areas per metre of blast tube length amounts to at least 0.5 square centimetres and at most 10 square centimetres.
  3. Roller grate according to claim 2, characterised thereby, that the sum of the opening areas per metre of blast tube length amounts to at most 5 square centimetres.
  4. Roller grate according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised thereby, that the blast tubes (13) are fastened to the intermediate members (9) by retaining elements (10).
  5. Roller grate according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised thereby, that the blast tubes (13) are rotatable about their axes.
  6. Roller grate according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised thereby, that two blast tubes (13), each of which penetrates a combustion chamber wall (14) and reaches up to the middle, are arranged in the nip.
  7. Roller grate according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised thereby, that the blast openings (15) are constructed as Laval nozzles (16).
  8. Roller grate according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised thereby, that the blast openings (15) are closable individually or in groups.
  9. Roller grate according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised thereby, that a valve (20), which is controlled by a time switching device (21), is arranged between blast tube (13) and supplementary air system.
  10. Roller grate according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised thereby, that the supplementary air system contains air enriched with oxygen.
  11. Roller grate according to claim 10, characterised thereby that the supplementary air system contains air enriched to 25 to 50 percent oxygen.
EP95104112A 1995-03-21 1995-03-21 Roller grate Expired - Lifetime EP0733855B1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95104112A EP0733855B1 (en) 1995-03-21 1995-03-21 Roller grate
ES95104112T ES2122368T3 (en) 1995-03-21 1995-03-21 CYLINDER TABLE.
AT95104112T ATE171772T1 (en) 1995-03-21 1995-03-21 ROLLER RUST
DE59503782T DE59503782D1 (en) 1995-03-21 1995-03-21 Roller grate
US08/945,396 US5967064A (en) 1995-03-21 1996-03-07 Roller grate
KR1019970706547A KR19980703144A (en) 1995-03-21 1996-03-07 Roller grating
PCT/EP1996/000974 WO1996029545A1 (en) 1995-03-21 1996-03-07 Roller grate
JP8528031A JPH11502296A (en) 1995-03-21 1996-03-07 Roller grate

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95104112A EP0733855B1 (en) 1995-03-21 1995-03-21 Roller grate

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0733855A1 EP0733855A1 (en) 1996-09-25
EP0733855B1 true EP0733855B1 (en) 1998-09-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95104112A Expired - Lifetime EP0733855B1 (en) 1995-03-21 1995-03-21 Roller grate

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US (1) US5967064A (en)
EP (1) EP0733855B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11502296A (en)
KR (1) KR19980703144A (en)
AT (1) ATE171772T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59503782D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2122368T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1996029545A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10050575C5 (en) * 2000-10-12 2009-10-29 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Process for burning waste products
US6964237B2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-11-15 Mark P. Hepp Grate block for a refuse incineration grate
KR101333996B1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-11-27 박성호 Combustion device
CN103075723B (en) * 2013-01-29 2014-06-18 嘉兴新嘉爱斯热电有限公司 Method for forming biomass fuel by comprehensively utilizing straws
CN103292582A (en) * 2013-06-06 2013-09-11 南通瑞翔新材料有限公司 Cobalt hydroxide rotary drying device
US10139040B2 (en) 2015-04-15 2018-11-27 Joe C. McQueen Apparatus and method for rotating cylindrical members

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE600546C (en) * 1931-11-21 1934-07-25 Friedrich Schmid Roller grate made of hollow rollers
US2367590A (en) * 1941-06-23 1945-01-16 George Salem Pettapiece Burner unit
US5044288A (en) * 1988-12-01 1991-09-03 Barlow James L Method and apparatus for the efficient combustion of a mass fuel
DE3941750A1 (en) * 1988-12-20 1990-06-21 Pauli Balduin Distributing slider for furnace - has reciprocating action and cooling to feed jets, and aid combustion
SU1756741A1 (en) * 1989-11-21 1992-08-23 Научно-Производственное Объединение По Исследованию И Проектированию Энергетического Оборудования Им.И.И.Ползунова Furnace for burning household garbage
US5042401A (en) * 1990-06-04 1991-08-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Water cooled rolling grate incinerator
US5405537A (en) * 1993-03-26 1995-04-11 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process for combusting dewatered sludge waste in a municipal solid waste incinerator
DE4316343A1 (en) * 1993-05-15 1994-11-17 Babcock Energie Umwelt Roller grate for incinerators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996029545A1 (en) 1996-09-26
ES2122368T3 (en) 1998-12-16
KR19980703144A (en) 1998-10-15
US5967064A (en) 1999-10-19
EP0733855A1 (en) 1996-09-25
JPH11502296A (en) 1999-02-23
DE59503782D1 (en) 1998-11-05
ATE171772T1 (en) 1998-10-15

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