EP0732447B2 - Calender for treating a paper web on two faces - Google Patents

Calender for treating a paper web on two faces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0732447B2
EP0732447B2 EP96103279A EP96103279A EP0732447B2 EP 0732447 B2 EP0732447 B2 EP 0732447B2 EP 96103279 A EP96103279 A EP 96103279A EP 96103279 A EP96103279 A EP 96103279A EP 0732447 B2 EP0732447 B2 EP 0732447B2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
rolls
calender according
calender
roll
compressive stress
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0732447A1 (en
EP0732447B1 (en
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Franz Kayser
Rolf Dr. Van Haag
Ulrich Rothfuss
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Voith Paper GmbH and Co KG
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Voith Paper Patent GmbH
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D21G1/0233—Soft rolls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a calender for the two-sided treatment of a paper web, in particular for the production of gravure-capable paper, with a roll stack which can be loaded from the end, the hard rolls, to which the top roll and the bottom roll belong, and soft rolls and between each a hard roll and has a soft nip formed working nip, part of the rollers being heatable.
  • Calenders of this type are widely known, for example from the brochure "The New Super Calender Concepts" from Sulzer Papertec from 1994 (code 05/94 d). They are used for the final treatment of a paper web so that it has a desired value for smoothness, gloss, thickness, bulk and the like. receives, and are set up separately from a paper machine.
  • the "soft" or elastic rollers have a cover consisting mainly of fiber material.
  • the heated rollers have a surface temperature limited to around 80 ° C.
  • the average compressive stress in the nips is between 15 and 30 N / mm 2 in normal operation, and about 40 N / mm 2 have already been used in the lowest working gap.
  • a stack of 9 or 10 rollers is sufficient for easy-to-satin papers, such as writing paper. Such a large machine is expensive and takes up a lot of space.
  • roller diameters are larger than those of the supercalender due to their strength, high line loads have to be applied in order to generate the compressive stresses required for a desired calendering result.
  • replacement rolls for the elastic rolls are expensive because they should be controllable at the same time as deflection.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a calender of the type described above, which is smaller and cheaper to manufacture and operate, but still allows excellent calendering results.
  • the 2 x 5-roll calender delivers practically the same calendering results as a conventional 12-roll calender, which was previously considered necessary for the production of gravure-capable and other high-quality papers.
  • the division into two stacks has the further advantage that the dependence of the line load on the roll weight is less, that is to say it is possible to work in the uppermost gap with a much higher line load than previously.
  • the condition applies that at least for the one working gap the condition applies that the dwell time is at most 0.9 ms and that the heating to a surface temperature of maximum 150 ° C. and the load to an average compressive stress of up to 60 N / mm 2 is designed. In fact, only a moderate increase in surface temperature and compressive stress is required.
  • condition applies to the majority of or all of the working columns. Because the increased values are evenly distributed over several working columns, very small increases are sufficient.
  • top and / or bottom roller can be controlled by deflection. In this way, the compressive stress can be evened out over the entire width of the rollers.
  • top and / or bottom roller are hard and heatable.
  • the heat energy can be supplied better via these hard rollers than via the adjacent soft roller. This also applies if the top and / or bottom roller can be controlled by deflection, because, for example, a heated hydraulic fluid can be supplied.
  • the soft rollers have a plastic cover.
  • Such plastic-related rollers are much better suited than rollers covered with fiber material for operation with increased medium compressive stress. They allow operation with a compressive stress of more than 42 N / mm 2 .
  • the reference should be designed for a compressive strength of up to about 60 N / mm 2 .
  • plastic cover consists essentially of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin.
  • Such a plastic cover has a service life of at least twelve weeks.
  • the stacks are arranged in-line in a paper machine or coating machine.
  • the paper web therefore arrives at an elevated temperature, for example at 60 ° C., at the inlet nip of the calender and therefore requires only a small amount of heat in order to make sufficient deformation energy available.
  • plastic covers which are desirable for reasons of higher compressive stress, are particularly suitable because - in contrast to covers made of fiber material - they are much less sensitive to markings and therefore only rarely have to be removed and sanded.
  • the calenders consisting of two stacks have the further advantage that they are more suitable for in-line use because the running paper web in each stack only has to be passed through a smaller number of columns.
  • all rollers have a drive.
  • the paper web can therefore be drawn in with the calender running because all the rollers can be brought to the same speed before the gaps are closed.
  • the stacks are covered by a protective hood that reduces heat radiation.
  • a protective hood reduces the heat radiation, so that the manufacturing hall does not have to be heated as much and excessively air-conditioned.
  • the temperature inside the hood is kept at a higher value, so that the heat input via the heating device can be kept low.
  • the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing.
  • the single figure shows a schematic representation of a calender according to the invention.
  • the illustrated calender 1 has two roll stacks 3 and 4, each consisting of five rolls.
  • the first stack 3 has a heatable deflection-controllable hard top roller 5, a soft roller 6, a heatable hard roller 7, a soft roller 8 and a heatable deflection-controllable hard bottom roller 9.
  • the second stack 4 has a heatable, deflection-controllable hard top roller 10, a soft roller 11, a heatable hard roller 12, a soft roller 13 and a heatable deflection-controllable hard bottom roller 14. In this way, there are four working gaps 15 to 18 in the first stack 3 and four working gaps 19 to 22 in the second stack 4, each of which is delimited by a hard roller and a soft roller.
  • a paper web 23 is fed from a paper machine 24, passes through the working gaps of the first stack 3 and then through the working gaps of the second stack 4 from top to bottom under the guidance of guide rollers 25, whereupon it is wound up in a winding device 26.
  • the paper web lies with one side on the one side and in the second stack 4 with the other side on the hard rollers, so that the desired surface structure, for example gloss or smoothness, is achieved on both sides.
  • each of the rollers 5 to 14 has its own drive 27. This enables the paper web 23 to be drawn in during operation.
  • Each of the soft rollers 6, 8, 11 and 13 has a cover 28 made of plastic, in particular fiber-reinforced epoxy resin. This cover is less sensitive to marking than a cover made of fiber material, so that the longer service lives that are essential for in-line operation are achieved. In addition, a higher compressive stress can be applied to the cover. It is also more resistant to higher temperatures than paper. An example of this is a cover from "TopTec 4" from Scapa Kern, Wimpassing / Austria.
  • the force P is used to ensure that the mean compressive stress p in the working gaps 15 to 22, or at least in the lowest gap, is between 45 and 60 N / mm 2 .
  • the heater H it is ensured that the surface temperature of the heated rollers 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14 is between 100 and 150 ° C.
  • the diameter of the rollers and the elasticity of the covering 28 are chosen so that there is a gap width of approximately 2 to 15 mm, preferably approximately 8 mm. Depending on the web speed, this leads to dwell times t in each working gap of 0.1 to 0.9 ms. It is preferred if the temperature T is only slightly above the lower limit, for example 110 ° C., and if the compressive stress is only slightly above the lower limit, for example 50 N / mm 2 .
  • the printability of natural and light-coated papers is not necessarily related to the gloss or smoothness of the paper web, but rather to the compression or its reciprocal bulk (in cm 3 / g).
  • the measure of the printability in the gravure printing process is determined by the number of "missing dots" Halftone and halftone dots). The best results in this regard can be obtained by ensuring that the above-mentioned limits are observed in all working columns.
  • the results of the paper treatment can be further improved by the fact that the rollers, in particular the center rollers, are mounted in levers in an unillustrated manner, the overhanging weights being advantageously compensated for by supporting devices, as is known from EP 0 285 942 B1.
  • each stack 3 4 the top roller 5, 10, the bottom roller 9, 14 and the center roller 7, 12 are designed as hard rollers which cooperate with soft rollers 6, 8, 11, 13.

Abstract

A calender for finishing both sides of a paper web, and esp. for making gravure-printable papers, has a stack of rolls which can be loaded from one end. The stack includes hard and soft rolls, the uppermost and lowest rolls being hard rolls. Working nips are created between adjacent rolls. The calender is divided into two similar roll stacks (3,4) which each have five rolls (5-9,10-14), and for at least one of the working nips (15-22), the nip length gives a dwell time of at least 0.1 ms, the temperature of one of the nip rolls is at least 100 degrees C, and the loading of the rolls yields a nip pressure of ≤ 42 N/mm<2>.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Kalander für die zweiseitige Behandlung einer Papierbahn, insbesondere zur Erzeugung von tiefdruckfähigem Papier, mit einem vom Ende her belastbaren Walzenstapel, der harte Walzen, zu denen die Oberwalze und die Unterwalze gehören, und weiche Walzen sowie jeweils zwischen einer harten und einer weichen Walze gebildete Arbeitsspalte aufweist, wobei ein Teil der Walzen beheizbar ist.The invention relates to a calender for the two-sided treatment of a paper web, in particular for the production of gravure-capable paper, with a roll stack which can be loaded from the end, the hard rolls, to which the top roll and the bottom roll belong, and soft rolls and between each a hard roll and has a soft nip formed working nip, part of the rollers being heatable.

Kalander dieser Art sind vielfach bekannt, beispielsweise aus dem Prospekt "Die neuen Superkalanderkonzepte" der Firma Sulzer Papertec aus 1994 (Kennziffer 05/94 d). Sie dienen der abschließenden Behandlung einer Papierbahn, damit diese einen gewünschten Wert der Glätte, des Glanzes, der Dicke, des Bulk u.dgl. erhält, und sind getrennt von einer Papiermaschine aufgestellt. Die "weichen" oder elastischen Walzen tragen einen hauptsächlich aus Fasermaterial bestehenden Bezug. Die beheizbaren Walzen haben eine auf etwa 80°C begrenzte Oberflächentemperatur. Die mittlere Druckspannung in den Walzenspalten liegt im normalen Betrieb zwischen 15 und 30 N/mm2, im untersten Arbeitsspalt sind auch schon etwa 40 N/mm2 angewendet worden. Für einfach zu satinierende Papiere, wie z.B. Schreibpapier, genügt ein Stapel mit 9 oder 10 Walzen.-Für höherwertige Papiere, wie tiefdruckfähige Papiere, technische Papiere oder Verdichtungspapiere werden 12 bis 16 Walzen benötigt. Eine solche Großmaschine ist teuer und hat einen erheblichen Raumbedarf.Calenders of this type are widely known, for example from the brochure "The New Super Calender Concepts" from Sulzer Papertec from 1994 (code 05/94 d). They are used for the final treatment of a paper web so that it has a desired value for smoothness, gloss, thickness, bulk and the like. receives, and are set up separately from a paper machine. The "soft" or elastic rollers have a cover consisting mainly of fiber material. The heated rollers have a surface temperature limited to around 80 ° C. The average compressive stress in the nips is between 15 and 30 N / mm 2 in normal operation, and about 40 N / mm 2 have already been used in the lowest working gap. A stack of 9 or 10 rollers is sufficient for easy-to-satin papers, such as writing paper. Such a large machine is expensive and takes up a lot of space.

Des weiteren sind sogenannte Kompaktkalander bekannt, bei denen eine beheizbare Walze mit einer durchbiegungssteuerbaren weichen Walze einen Spalt bildet und zur beidseitigen Behandlung der Papierbahn auch zwei derartige Kalander hintereinander geschaltet werden können. Hiermit lassen sich aber nur einfach zu satinierende Papiere, nicht aber technische Papiere, z. B. Silicon-Rohpapiere sowie Papiere für den Tiefdruck, herstellen. Außerdem muß ein großer Teil der Verformungsenergie als Wärme zugeführt werden. Die beheizbaren Walzen haben daher eine Oberflächentemperatur von 160 bis 200° C. Es wird viel Wärmeenergie abgestrahlt, die durch Klimaanlagen wieder abgeführt werden muß. Weil die Walzendurchmesser festigkeitsbedingt größer als beim Superkalander sind, müssen hohe Streckenlasten aufgebracht werden, um die für ein gewünschtes Satinageergebnis notwendigen Druckspannungen zu erzeugen. Des weiteren sind Austauschwalzen für die elastischen Walzen teuer, weil sie gleichzeitig durchbiegungssteuerbar sein sollen.Furthermore, so-called compact calenders are known in which a heatable roll forms a nip with a deflection-controllable soft roll and two such calenders can also be connected in series to treat the paper web on both sides. With this, however, only papers that are easy to satin, but not technical papers, e.g. B. silicone base papers and papers for rotogravure. In addition, a large part of the deformation energy must be supplied as heat. The heated rollers therefore have a surface temperature of 160 to 200 ° C. A lot of heat energy is radiated, which has to be dissipated again by air conditioning systems. Because the roller diameters are larger than those of the supercalender due to their strength, high line loads have to be applied in order to generate the compressive stresses required for a desired calendering result. In addition, replacement rolls for the elastic rolls are expensive because they should be controllable at the same time as deflection.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kalander der eingangs beschriebenen Art anzugeben, der kleiner sowie billiger in der Herstellung und im Betrieb ist, trotzdem aber vorzügliche Satinageergebnisse ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a calender of the type described above, which is smaller and cheaper to manufacture and operate, but still allows excellent calendering results.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zwei gleichartige Stapel mit je 5 Walzen vorgesehen sind und daß zumindest für einen Arbeitsspalt als Bedingung gilt:

  • a) die Spaltbreite ist so gewählt, daß die Verweilzeit mindestens 0,1 ms beträgt,
  • b) die Beheizung einer den Arbeitsspalt begrenzenden beheizbaren Walze ist auf eine Oberflächentemperatur von mindestens 100° C ausgelegt
  • c) und die Belastung der Walzen ist auf eine mittlere Druckspannung im Arbeitsspalt von mehr als 42 N/ mm2 ausgelegt.
This object is achieved in that two identical stacks, each with 5 rollers and that at least one working gap is a condition:
  • a) the gap width is chosen so that the dwell time is at least 0.1 ms,
  • b) the heating of a heatable roller delimiting the working gap is designed for a surface temperature of at least 100 ° C.
  • c) and the load on the rollers is designed for an average compressive stress in the working gap of more than 42 N / mm 2 .

Durch die Reduzierung der Stapelhöhe wird der Einfluß des Walzengewichts auf die Streckenlast vermindert. Man kann daher bei gleicher Streckenlast im untersten Spalt im obersten Eingangsspalt mit einer höheren Streckenlast als bei den bekannten Superkalandern arbeiten. Überraschenderweise genügt es daher, die zuzuführende Verformungsenergie moderat zu steigern, um auch hochwertige Papiere zufriedenstellend bearbeiten zu können. So kann die Wärmezufuhr bei Temperaturen erfolgen, die nur etwas über den bisher üblichen Temperaturen liegen und daher die Wärmeabstrahlung nur geringfügig erhöhen. Auch stehen hierfür die verschiedensten Wärmeträger zur Verfügung; es gibt keine Schwierigkeiten wie bei den hohen Temperaturen, die bei einem Kompaktkalander angewendet werden müssen. Auch genügt eine relativ geringe Erhöhung der Druckspannung, die mechanisch ohne weiteres ertragen werden kann und höchstens bei der Wahl des Bezuges der elastischen Walze zu berücksichtigen ist. Indem beide Maßnahmen (verstärkte Beheizung und verstärkte Belastung) zumindest in einem Arbeitsspalt, vorzugsweise dem untersten Arbeitsspalt, gleichzeitig angewendet werden, lassen sich außerordentlich gute Ergebnisse auch bei einem schnellaufenden Kalander und bei hochwertigen Papieren erzielen. Da der Walzenstapel eine geringere Höhe als bekannte Superkalander hat, genügen niedrigere Gebäude, was die Aufstellungskosten erheblich senkt.By reducing the stack height, the influence of the roll weight on the line load is reduced. You can therefore work with the same line load in the lowest gap in the top input gap with a higher line load than with the known supercalenders. Surprisingly, it is therefore sufficient to increase the deformation energy to be supplied moderately in order to be able to process high-quality papers satisfactorily. The heat can thus be supplied at temperatures which are only slightly above the usual temperatures and therefore only slightly increase the heat radiation. Various heat transfer media are also available for this; there are no difficulties like the high temperatures that have to be applied to a compact calender. A relatively small increase in the compressive stress is also sufficient, which can be tolerated mechanically without further ado and is at most to be taken into account when choosing the cover of the elastic roller. By using both measures (increased heating and increased stress) at least in one working gap, preferably the lowest working gap, extraordinarily good results can also be achieved with a fast-running calender and with high-quality papers. Since the stack of rolls has a lower height than known supercalenders, lower buildings are sufficient, which considerably reduces installation costs.

Der 2 x 5-Walzen-Kalander liefert praktisch dieselben Satinierergebnisse wie ein üblicher 12-Walzen-Kalander, der bisher für die Herstellung von tiefdruckfähigen und anderen hochwertigen Papieren als notwendig angesehen wurde. Die Aufteilung in zwei Stapel hat den weiteren Vorteil, daß die Abhängigkeit der Streckenlast vom Walzengewicht geringer ist, also im jeweils obersten Spalt mit einer sehr viel höheren Streckenlast als bisher gearbeitet werden kann.The 2 x 5-roll calender delivers practically the same calendering results as a conventional 12-roll calender, which was previously considered necessary for the production of gravure-capable and other high-quality papers. The division into two stacks has the further advantage that the dependence of the line load on the roll weight is less, that is to say it is possible to work in the uppermost gap with a much higher line load than previously.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist dafür gesorgt, daß zumindest für den einen Arbeitsspalt die Bedingung gilt, daß die Verweilzeit höchstens 0,9 ms beträgt und daß die Beheizung auf eine Oberflächentemperatur von maximal 150°C und die Belastung auf eine mittlere Druckspannung bis zu 60 N/mm2 ausgelegt ist. Es ist daher tatsächlich nur eine moderate Erhöhung der Oberflächentemperatur und der Druckspannung erforderlich.It is expedient to ensure that at least for the one working gap the condition applies that the dwell time is at most 0.9 ms and that the heating to a surface temperature of maximum 150 ° C. and the load to an average compressive stress of up to 60 N / mm 2 is designed. In fact, only a moderate increase in surface temperature and compressive stress is required.

Als bevorzugt wird angesehen, daß die Verweilzeit 0,2 bis 0,5 ms, die Oberflächentemperatur 110 bis 125° C und die mittlere Druckspannung 45 bis 55 N/mm2 beträgt.It is considered preferred that the residence time 0.2 to 0.5 ms, the surface temperature is 110 to 125 ° C and the average compressive stress is 45 to 55 N / mm 2 .

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, daß die Bedingung für die Mehrheit der oder alle Arbeitsspalte gilt. Weil die erhöhten Werte gleichmäßig auf mehrere Arbeitsspalte verteilt sind, genügen sehr geringfügige Erhöhungen.It is particularly advantageous that the condition applies to the majority of or all of the working columns. Because the increased values are evenly distributed over several working columns, very small increases are sufficient.

Zweckmäßig ist es auch, daß Ober- und/oder Unterwalze durchbiegungssteuerbar sind. Auf diese Weise kann die Druckspannung über die gesamte Breite der Walzen vergleichmäßigt werden.It is also expedient that the top and / or bottom roller can be controlled by deflection. In this way, the compressive stress can be evened out over the entire width of the rollers.

In diesem Zusammenhang empfiehlt es sich, daß Ober- und/oder Unterwalze hart und beheizbar sind. Über diese harten Walzen läßt sich die Wärmeenergie besser zuführen als über die angrenzende weiche Walze. Dies gilt auch, wenn die Ober- und/oder Unterwalze durchbiegungssteuerbar sind, weil man beispielsweise eine beheizte Druckflüssigkeit zuführen kann.In this context, it is recommended that the top and / or bottom roller are hard and heatable. The heat energy can be supplied better via these hard rollers than via the adjacent soft roller. This also applies if the top and / or bottom roller can be controlled by deflection, because, for example, a heated hydraulic fluid can be supplied.

Besonders günstig ist es, daß die weichen Walzen einen Kunststoffbezug tragen. Solche kunststoffbezogenen Walzen sind wesentlich besser als mit Fasermaterial bezogene Walzen für den Betrieb bei erhöhter mittlerer Druckspannung geeignet. Sie erlauben einen Betrieb mit einer Druckspannung von mehr als 42 N/ mm2. Insbesondere sollte der Bezug auf eine Druckspannungs-Belastbarkeit bis etwa 60 N/mm2 ausgelegt sein.It is particularly favorable that the soft rollers have a plastic cover. Such plastic-related rollers are much better suited than rollers covered with fiber material for operation with increased medium compressive stress. They allow operation with a compressive stress of more than 42 N / mm 2 . In particular, the reference should be designed for a compressive strength of up to about 60 N / mm 2 .

Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn der Kunststoffbezug im wesentlichen aus faserverstärktem Epoxidharz besteht. Ein solcher Kunststoffbezug hat eine Standzeit von wenigstens zwölf Wochen.This applies in particular if the plastic cover consists essentially of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin. Such a plastic cover has a service life of at least twelve weeks.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Stapel in-line einer Papiermaschine oder Streichmaschine angeordnet. Die Papierbahn kommt daher mit erhöhter Temperatur, beispielsweise mit 60° C, am Einlaßspalt des Kalanders an und benötigt deshalb nur noch eine geringe Wärmezufuhr, um eine ausreichende Verformungsenergie verfügbar zu machen. Bei einem solchen in-line-Betrieb sind Kunststoffbezüge, die schon aus Gründen der höheren Druckspannung erwünscht sind, besonders geeignet, weil sie - im Gegensatz zu Bezügen aus Fasermaterial - wesentlich weniger gegen Markierungen empfindlich sind und daher nur selten ausgebaut und abgeschliffen werden müssen. In diesem Zusammenhang haben die aus zwei Stapeln bestehende Kalander den weiteren Vorteil, daß sie in höherem Maße in-line-tauglich sind, weil die laufende Papierbahn in jedem Stapel nur durch eine geringere Zahl von Spalten hindurchgeführt werden muß.In a further embodiment of the invention, the stacks are arranged in-line in a paper machine or coating machine. The paper web therefore arrives at an elevated temperature, for example at 60 ° C., at the inlet nip of the calender and therefore requires only a small amount of heat in order to make sufficient deformation energy available. In such an in-line operation, plastic covers, which are desirable for reasons of higher compressive stress, are particularly suitable because - in contrast to covers made of fiber material - they are much less sensitive to markings and therefore only rarely have to be removed and sanded. In this connection, the calenders consisting of two stacks have the further advantage that they are more suitable for in-line use because the running paper web in each stack only has to be passed through a smaller number of columns.

Zweckmäßigerweise besitzen alle Walzen einen Antrieb. Die Papierbahn kann daher bei laufendem Kalander eingezogen werden, weil alle Walzen auf die gleiche Geschwindigkeit gebracht werden können, ehe die Spalte geschlossen werden.Appropriately, all rollers have a drive. The paper web can therefore be drawn in with the calender running because all the rollers can be brought to the same speed before the gaps are closed.

Empfehlenswert ist es auch, daß die Stapel von einer Schutzhaube abgedeckt sind, die die Wärmeabstrahlung reduziert. Ein solche Schutzhaube verringert die Wärmeabstrahlung, so daß sich die Fabrikationshalle nicht so stark erwärmt und übermäßig klimatisiert werden muß. Umgekehrt wird die Temperatur im Innern der Haube auf einem höheren Wert gehalten, so daß die Wärmezufuhr über die Heizvorrichtung gering gehalten werden kann.It is also recommended that the stacks are covered by a protective hood that reduces heat radiation. Such a protective hood reduces the heat radiation, so that the manufacturing hall does not have to be heated as much and excessively air-conditioned. Conversely, the temperature inside the hood is kept at a higher value, so that the heat input via the heating device can be kept low.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand in der Zeichnung dargestellter, bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kalanders.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. The single figure shows a schematic representation of a calender according to the invention.

Der veranschaulichte Kalander 1 weist zwei Walzenstapel 3 und 4 auf, die jeweils auf fünf Walzen bestehen. Der erste Stapel 3 weist eine beheizbare durchbiegungssteuerbare harte Oberwalze 5, eine weiche Walze 6, eine beheizbare harte Walze 7, eine weiche Walze 8 und eine beheizbare durchbiegungssteuerbare harte Unterwalze 9 auf. Der zweite Stapel 4 weist eine beheizbare, durchbiegungssteuerbare harte Oberwalze 10, eine weiche Walze 11, eine beheizbare harte Walze 12, eine weiche Walze 13 und eine beheizbare durchbiegungssteuerbare harte Unterwalze 14 auf. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich im ersten Stapel 3 vier Arbeitsspalte 15 bis 18 und im zweiten Stapel 4 vier Arbeitsspalte 19 bis 22, die jeweils durch eine harte Walze und eine weiche Walze begrenzt sind.The illustrated calender 1 has two roll stacks 3 and 4, each consisting of five rolls. The first stack 3 has a heatable deflection-controllable hard top roller 5, a soft roller 6, a heatable hard roller 7, a soft roller 8 and a heatable deflection-controllable hard bottom roller 9. The second stack 4 has a heatable, deflection-controllable hard top roller 10, a soft roller 11, a heatable hard roller 12, a soft roller 13 and a heatable deflection-controllable hard bottom roller 14. In this way, there are four working gaps 15 to 18 in the first stack 3 and four working gaps 19 to 22 in the second stack 4, each of which is delimited by a hard roller and a soft roller.

Eine Papierbahn 23 wird aus einer Papiermaschine 24 zugeführt, durchläuft jeweils von oben nach unten unter Führung von Leitwalzen 25 die Arbeitsspalte des ersten Stapels 3 und anschließend die Arbeitsspalte des zweiten Stapels 4, worauf sie in einer Wickelvorrichtung 26 aufgewickelt wird. Im ersten Stapel 3 liegt die Papierbahn mit der einen Seite und im zweiten Stapel 4 mit der anderen Seite an den harten Walzen an, so daß beidseitig die gewünschte Oberflächenstruktur, beispielsweise Glanz oder Glätte, erreicht wird.A paper web 23 is fed from a paper machine 24, passes through the working gaps of the first stack 3 and then through the working gaps of the second stack 4 from top to bottom under the guidance of guide rollers 25, whereupon it is wound up in a winding device 26. In the first stack 3, the paper web lies with one side on the one side and in the second stack 4 with the other side on the hard rollers, so that the desired surface structure, for example gloss or smoothness, is achieved on both sides.

Wegen der direkten Verbindung des Kalanders 1 mit der Papiermaschine 24 ergibt sich ein in-line-Betrieb. Aus diesem Grund besitzt jede der Walzen 5 bis 14 einen eigenen Antrieb 27. Dies ermöglicht ein Einziehen der Papierbahn 23 während des Betriebes. Jede der weichen Walzen 6, 8, 11 und 13 besitzt einen Bezug 28 aus Kunststoff, insbesondere faserverstärktem Epoxidharz. Dieser Bezug ist weniger markierungsempfindlich als ein Bezug aus Fasermaterial, so daß die für den in-line-Betrieb wesentlichen längeren Standzeiten erreicht werden. Außerdem kann der Bezug mit höherer Druckspannung beaufschlagt werden. Er ist auch gegenüber höheren Temperaturen beständiger als Papier. Als Beispiel hierfür wird ein Bezug aus "TopTec 4" der Firma Scapa Kern, Wimpassing/Österreich genannt.Because of the direct connection of the calender 1 to the paper machine 24, there is an in-line operation. For this reason, each of the rollers 5 to 14 has its own drive 27. This enables the paper web 23 to be drawn in during operation. Each of the soft rollers 6, 8, 11 and 13 has a cover 28 made of plastic, in particular fiber-reinforced epoxy resin. This cover is less sensitive to marking than a cover made of fiber material, so that the longer service lives that are essential for in-line operation are achieved. In addition, a higher compressive stress can be applied to the cover. It is also more resistant to higher temperatures than paper. An example of this is a cover from "TopTec 4" from Scapa Kern, Wimpassing / Austria.

Jedem Stapel ist eine Einheit 29 bzw. 30 eines Steuergeräts 31 zugeordnet. Jede der Steuereinheiten hat mehrere Funktionen, die nachstehend für den zweiten Stapel 4 erläutert werden. Für den Stapel 3 gilt das entsprechende.

  • a) Über eine Leitung 32 wird die Kraft P festgelegt, mit der die Oberwalze 10 nach unten gedrückt wird, wobei die Unterwalze 14 zweckmäßigerweise ortsfest gehalten ist. Die Belastung kann auch in umgekehrter Richtung erfolgen, wobei die Kraft P auf die Unterwalze 14 wirkt und die Oberwalze 10 ortsfest gelagert ist. Durch die Belastung ist auch die Druckspannung bestimmt, die in den einzelnen Arbeitsspalten 19 bis 22 herrscht. Diese Druckspannung nimmt von oben nach unten zu, weil sich zu der Belastungskraft P jeweils noch das wirksame Gewicht der einzelnen Walzen addiert. Allerdings ist der Kraftzuwachs in jedem Stapel geringer als bei bekannten Superkalandem mit 9 bis 16 Walzen.
  • b) Über die Leitungen 33 und 34 werden die Vorrichtungen 35 bzw. 36 zum Durchbiegungsausgleich der Oberwalze 10 und der Unterwalze 14 mit Druckmittel beaufschlagt. Diese Vorrichtungen sorgen dafür, daß über die Länge der Walzen eine gleichmäßige Druckspannung herrscht, wie dies an sich bekannt ist. Hierfür können alle üblichen Vorrichtungen verwendet werden, insbesondere solche, bei denen Stützelemente nebeneinander in einer Reihe angeordnet sind und einzeln oder zonenweise mit unterschiedlichem Druck beaufschlagt werden können.
  • c) Die Walzen 10, 12 und 14 sind beheizbar, wie dies durch Pfeile H angedeutet ist. Die Heizenergie wird über strichpunktierte Pfade 37 bis 39 zugeführt. Dies kann durch elektrische Beheizung, durch Strahlungsheizung, mit Hilfe eines Wärmeträgers u.dgl. erfolgen. Eine Schutzhaube 40 dient der Wärmeisolation und sorgt dafür, daß die in Folge der Beheizung abgestrahlte Wärme nur in geringem Maß in die Umgebung abgeführt wird.
A unit 29 or 30 of a control device 31 is assigned to each stack. Each of the control units has several functions, which are explained below for the second stack 4. The same applies to stack 3.
  • a) The force P with which the upper roller 10 is pressed down is determined via a line 32, the lower roller 14 is expediently held stationary. The loading can also take place in the opposite direction, the force P acting on the lower roller 14 and the upper roller 10 being mounted in a stationary manner. The compressive stress that prevails in the individual working gaps 19 to 22 is also determined by the load. This compressive stress increases from top to bottom because the effective weight of the individual rollers is added to the loading force P. However, the increase in force in each stack is less than in known supercalenders with 9 to 16 rollers.
  • b) Via lines 33 and 34, devices 35 and 36 for compensating for deflection of upper roller 10 and lower roller 14 are pressurized. These devices ensure that there is a uniform compressive stress over the length of the rollers, as is known per se. All conventional devices can be used for this, in particular those in which support elements are arranged next to one another in a row and can be subjected to different pressures individually or in zones.
  • c) The rollers 10, 12 and 14 are heatable, as indicated by arrows H. The heating energy is supplied via dash-dotted paths 37 to 39. This can be done by electrical heating, by radiant heating, with the help of a heat transfer medium and the like. respectively. A protective hood 40 is used for thermal insulation and ensures that the heat radiated as a result of the heating is only dissipated to a small extent into the environment.

Mit Hilfe der Kraft P wird dafür gesorgt, daß die mittlere Druckspannung p in den Arbeitsspalten 15 bis 22, zumindest aber im untersten Spalt, zwischen 45 und 60 N/mm2 liegt. Mit Hilfe der Beheizung H wird dafür gesorgt, daß die Oberflächentemperatur der beheizbaren Walzen 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14 zwischen 100 und 150°C liegt. Die Durchmesser der Walzen und die Elastizität des Belages 28 sind so gewählt, daß sich eine Spaltbreite von etwa 2 bis 15 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 8 mm, ergibt. Dies führt in Abhängigkeit von der Bahngeschwindigkeit zu Verweilzeiten t in jedem Arbeitsspalt von 0,1 bis 0,9 ms. Bevorzugt wird es, wenn die Temperatur T nur wenig über der unteren Grenze liegt, also beispielsweise bei 110°C, und wenn die Druckspannung nur wenig über der unteren Grenze liegt, beispielsweise bei 50 N/mm2.The force P is used to ensure that the mean compressive stress p in the working gaps 15 to 22, or at least in the lowest gap, is between 45 and 60 N / mm 2 . With the help of the heater H it is ensured that the surface temperature of the heated rollers 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14 is between 100 and 150 ° C. The diameter of the rollers and the elasticity of the covering 28 are chosen so that there is a gap width of approximately 2 to 15 mm, preferably approximately 8 mm. Depending on the web speed, this leads to dwell times t in each working gap of 0.1 to 0.9 ms. It is preferred if the temperature T is only slightly above the lower limit, for example 110 ° C., and if the compressive stress is only slightly above the lower limit, for example 50 N / mm 2 .

Es wurde gefunden, daß die Bedruckbarkeit bei Natur- und leichtgestrichenen Papieren nicht unbedingt mit dem erzielten Glanz oder der Glätte der Papierbahn zusammenhängt, sondern vielmehr mit der Verdichtung bzw. deren Kehrwert Bulk (in cm3/g). Das Maß für die Bedruckbarkeit im Tiefdruckverfahren wird dabei bestimmt durch die Anzahl der "missing dots" (fehlende Rasterpunkte im Viertel- und Halbtonbereich). Die besten Ergebnisse in dieser Hinsicht erhält man, wenn man in allen Arbeitsspalten dafür sorgt, daß die vorstehend angegebenen Grenzen eingehalten werden. Vielfach lassen sich die Ergebnisse der Papierbehandlung noch dadurch verbessern, daß die Walzen, insbesondere die Mittelwalzen in nicht veranschaulichter Weise in Hebeln gelagert sind, wobei mit Vorteil die überhängenden Gewichte durch Stützvorrichtungen kompensiert sind, wie dies aus EP 0 285 942 B1 bekannt ist.It was found that the printability of natural and light-coated papers is not necessarily related to the gloss or smoothness of the paper web, but rather to the compression or its reciprocal bulk (in cm 3 / g). The measure of the printability in the gravure printing process is determined by the number of "missing dots" Halftone and halftone dots). The best results in this regard can be obtained by ensuring that the above-mentioned limits are observed in all working columns. In many cases, the results of the paper treatment can be further improved by the fact that the rollers, in particular the center rollers, are mounted in levers in an unillustrated manner, the overhanging weights being advantageously compensated for by supporting devices, as is known from EP 0 285 942 B1.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist veranschaulicht, daß in jedem Stapel 3, 4 die Oberwalze 5, 10, die Unterwalze 9, 14 und die Mittelwalze 7, 12 als harte Walzen ausgebildet sind, die mit weichen Walzen 6, 8, 11, 13 zusammenwirken.In the exemplary embodiment it is illustrated that in each stack 3, 4 the top roller 5, 10, the bottom roller 9, 14 and the center roller 7, 12 are designed as hard rollers which cooperate with soft rollers 6, 8, 11, 13.

Claims (12)

  1. Calender for two-sided treatment of a paper web, in particular for producing paper capable of intaglio printing, with a roll stack which can be loaded from the end and which comprises hard rolls, which comprise the upper roll and the lower roll, and soft rolls as well as working gaps formed in each case between a hard roll and a soft roll, wherein some of the rolls can be heated, characterised in that two identical stacks (3, 4) each with 5 rolls (5 to 9; 10 to 14) are provided and at least for one working gap (15 to 22) the following condition applies:
    a) the gap width is selected so that the dwell time (t) is at least 0.1 ms,
    b) the heating (H) of one heatable roll (5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14) defining the working gap is designed for a surface temperature (T) of at least 100°C,
    c) and the load (P) on the rolls is designed for a mean compressive stress in the working gap of more than 42 N/mm2.
  2. Calender according to claim 1, characterised in that at least for the one working gap (15 to 22) the condition applies that the dwell time (t) is at most 0.9 ms and that the heating (H) is designed for a surface temperature of at most 150°C and the load (P) is designed for a mean compressive stress of up to 60 N/mm2.
  3. Calender according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the dwell time (t) is 0.2 to 0.5 ms, the surface temperature (T) is 110 to 125°C and the mean compressive stress (p) is 45 to 55 N/mm2.
  4. Calender according to any of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that the condition applies to the majority or all of the working gaps (15 to 22).
  5. Calender according to any of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that the upper and/or lower rolls (5, 9; 10, 14) can be controlled for deflection.
  6. Calender according to any of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that the upper and/or lower rolls (5, 9; 10, 14) are hard and can be heated.
  7. Calender according to any of claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that the soft rolls (6, 6, 11, 13) carry a plastic covering (28) .
  8. Calender according to claim 7, characterised in that the plastic covering (28) is designed for a compressive stress bearing capacity of up to 60 N/mm2..
  9. Calender according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the plastic covering (28) essentially consists of fibre-reinforced epoxy resin.
  10. Calender according to any of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that the stacks are arranged in line with a paper-making machine (24) or spreading machine.
  11. Calender according to any of claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in that all the rolls (5 to 14) have a drive (27).
  12. Calender according to any of claims 1 to 11,
    characterised in that the stacks (3, 4) are covered by a protective hood (40) which reduces the heat radiation.
EP96103279A 1995-03-09 1996-03-04 Calender for treating a paper web on two faces Expired - Lifetime EP0732447B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19508353 1995-03-09
DE19508353A DE19508353A1 (en) 1995-03-09 1995-03-09 Calender for the two-sided treatment of a paper web

Publications (3)

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EP0732447A1 EP0732447A1 (en) 1996-09-18
EP0732447B1 EP0732447B1 (en) 1998-11-25
EP0732447B2 true EP0732447B2 (en) 2004-12-29

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EP96103279A Expired - Lifetime EP0732447B2 (en) 1995-03-09 1996-03-04 Calender for treating a paper web on two faces

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US (1) US5669295A (en)
EP (1) EP0732447B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2612681B2 (en)
KR (1) KR0160398B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE173776T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2169979C (en)
DE (2) DE19508353A1 (en)
EA (1) EA000317B1 (en)
NO (1) NO307617B1 (en)

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US7096779B2 (en) 1998-03-17 2006-08-29 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Calender arrangement
DE19811474A1 (en) * 1998-03-17 1999-09-23 Kuesters Eduard Maschf Vertical arrangement of glazing rollers employed in paper manufacture
US20030126998A1 (en) * 1998-03-17 2003-07-10 Eduard Kusters Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Calender arrangement
DE19940897C1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2000-11-09 Kuesters Beloit Gmbh & Co Kg Calender for polishing both sides of paper web has two roller stacks of hard and soft outer and intermediate rollers, with second stack having reverse order to first stack configuration
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0732447A1 (en) 1996-09-18
NO960976D0 (en) 1996-03-08
EP0732447B1 (en) 1998-11-25
JP2612681B2 (en) 1997-05-21
DE59600850D1 (en) 1999-01-07
EA199600009A2 (en) 1996-10-01
KR960034576A (en) 1996-10-24
JPH08246383A (en) 1996-09-24
CA2169979C (en) 1999-03-23
US5669295A (en) 1997-09-23
KR0160398B1 (en) 1999-01-15
NO960976L (en) 1996-09-10
DE19508353A1 (en) 1996-09-12
EA199600009A3 (en) 1996-12-30
EA000317B1 (en) 1999-04-29
ATE173776T1 (en) 1998-12-15
CA2169979A1 (en) 1996-09-10
NO307617B1 (en) 2000-05-02

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