EP0728293B1 - Balle de chasse a double penetration et a portee reduite - Google Patents

Balle de chasse a double penetration et a portee reduite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0728293B1
EP0728293B1 EP95930577A EP95930577A EP0728293B1 EP 0728293 B1 EP0728293 B1 EP 0728293B1 EP 95930577 A EP95930577 A EP 95930577A EP 95930577 A EP95930577 A EP 95930577A EP 0728293 B1 EP0728293 B1 EP 0728293B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
launcher
munition according
subprojectile
energy
ball
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95930577A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0728293A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Claude Sauvestre
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0728293A1 publication Critical patent/EP0728293A1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/10—Ball or slug shotgun cartridges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition for firearms small, medium or large caliber, and more particularly a new double penetration bullet with reduced range, type comprising a sub-projectile associated with a launcher, powered by a propulsion system.
  • Arrow type ammunition is known in the fields sports and military, and for example, patent FR-A-2,335,818 describes a hunting ammunition comprising a projectile undersized stabilized by empennage, associated with a hoof launcher.
  • the latter is made of a material capable of fragment at the exit of the barrel of the weapon, and the dispersion fragments then represents a security risk to the user.
  • Patent FR-A-2,555,728 describes a munition of the same type, that is to say comprising a sub-projectile stabilized by empennage, associated with a detachable launcher which has the effect of ensuring guiding and sealing during the journey in the tube of the weapon.
  • the sub-projectile has a tapered shape, and is made of a high density material, giving it a significant surface energy upon impact. This characteristic has the disadvantage of not often causing only slight injuries to game, the sub-projectile can indeed cross the soft flesh of game without meeting hard game.
  • the projectile can be trained to a long distance if the target is missed, due to its good trajectory stability, and it can then constitute danger to people nearby.
  • Patent FR-A-2,627,854 relates to hunting ammunition comprising a projectile constituted by an internal element of which the front and side walls are covered by an element sleeve-shaped outer.
  • the internal metallic element has a neutralizing head, integral with a rod rear on which a hammer mass can slide for increase the neutralizing effect of the projectile upon impact.
  • the external element remains attached to the internal element on the entire trajectory of the projectile; it cannot be assimilated to a launcher like the one used in arrow balls and cannot provide the same benefits.
  • projectiles of this type have the disadvantage to present a strong aerodynamic drag and a sensitivity crosswind. They also have a certain propensity for ricochets on obstacles such as tree trunks.
  • the present invention relates to ammunition of the type arrow, comprising a sub-projectile associated with a launcher at caliber of the weapon coming off under the effect of aerodynamic forces at the exit of the barrel of the weapon.
  • the set constituted by the sub-projectile (or naked ball) and the launcher is included in a cartridge further comprising a primed socket and a propellant charge.
  • This ammunition has characteristics allowing him to avoid the disadvantages of aforementioned known projectiles, and it can be used in particular in hunting weapons as well as training weapons military.
  • the energy element forms the front part of the sub-projectile, and it is made up preferably a hollow external element and an element full interior, connected together by vanes, the element interior being of smaller diameter and arranged behind the outer element.
  • the element external energetic form with the conical head of the body of the sub-projectile, a central nozzle communicating with the annular nozzles, formed in the energetic element of revolution, around the conical head.
  • the energy element can be realized in accordance with the invention so that the outside diameter of its external element is substantially the caliber of the weapon.
  • the launcher is placed on the sub-projectile, behind the external energy element.
  • the external energy element can be also under-calibrated, but its outside diameter remains greater to that of the body of the sub-projectile.
  • the shape of the launcher is adapted so as to completely cover the sub-projectile, i.e. the body and the energetic element of revolution.
  • the inside diameter of the outside energy element nozzle shape can be greater than, equal to, or less than outer diameter of the inner energy element.
  • the energetic element of revolution can be separable from body on which it is mounted, but according to a variant, the body and the energy element can be made in one single homogeneous part, in the same material.
  • the energy element can be made of so as to be fragmentable upon impact on the target.
  • This effect can be achieved by using a material with a appropriate impact resistance, and in this case the body of the sub-projectile and the energy element are made of two materials different and are assembled during manufacture.
  • the energetic element of revolution be made of a material with lower impact resistance than the body of the sub-projectile, made of hard material.
  • breaking points in the energy element for example at the connection between the outer element and the inner element, and preferably at the base of the blades separating the annular nozzles or in the thickness of the central nozzle.
  • the body of the sub-projectile and the energetic element of revolution can be manufactured in one and the same room.
  • the front face of the energy element of revolution has an internal chamfer.
  • the internal surface of the energy element of revolution has a tapered shape following which the inside diameter of its front part is slightly greater than the inside diameter of its rear part.
  • a complete bullet (projectile) according to the invention is composed of the two essential elements constituted by the ball naked (sub-projectile), and the launcher.
  • the launcher can be made according to the techniques known, and it can be in a single monobloc element or in several elements joined longitudinally. He can too be divided into at least two monobloc elements separated transversely. According to the invention, it can be advantageous that the launcher has a rear face having a cut-out corresponding to the tail of the sub-projectile.
  • a seal may be provided between the body of the bullet (sub-projectile) and the launcher, and preferably a ring seal is placed on a plate thrust between the head and the body of the ball body, in order to ensure gas-tightness after propulsion charge fire.
  • the seal between the launcher and the barrel can be insured, in accordance with the invention, by means of a lip annular formed on the periphery of the rear face of the launcher, or at least one element of the launcher, so that this annular lip is pressed against the wall of the tube by gas pressure after ignition of the charge.
  • Figure 1 a schematic section of a complete cartridge according to the present invention, comprising a ball complete, consisting of a bare ball and a pitcher, and a primed cartridge and a propellant charge.
  • Figure 2 a longitudinal section of the bare ball of the Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 a front view of a simple variant of the bare ball in Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 a section of the pitcher associated with the bare ball shown in Figure 1.
  • FIGS 5-8 variant embodiments in accordance with present invention.
  • the cartridge (C) includes the bare ball (2), the launcher (3), as well as the primed socket (D) containing a propellant charge, constituted here by a powder (P) of conventional type.
  • the conical head (5) of the body (4) of the naked ball (2) is designed in accordance with the present invention to provide several functions, and more particularly to promote the flow of air through the annular nozzles (6), allow a good catch of the ball on the targets encountered, and penetrate matter with neutralizing power Very important.
  • the core (7) is provided with teeth (8) cooperating with the grooves circular (9) of the interior energy element (10).
  • the tail (18) is used to stabilize the bare ball (2) on its path. It is made either in the same material as the body (4), that is to say preferably brass, either in a technopolymer type material.
  • the energy element (25) is made of a material dense, for example lead, but any other metallic material high density may be suitable, for example a metal alloy of appropriate density or alternatively a metallic organic mixed alloy.
  • the two elements (10) and (26) of the energy element (25) are interconnected by the vanes (27) whose number depends on flight characteristics, mechanical behavior of the full ball (1) during the propulsion phase, as well as the behavior of the bare ball (2) during penetration in the target.
  • the number of blades is generally between 2 and 8 and is preferably equal to 4. These blades have, in their outer part, a recess (28) cooperating with the internal part (29) of the launcher (3), the latter being thus guided in its front part.
  • the external energy element (26) has on its external part of the circular parts (30) as well as grooves (31).
  • the circular parts (30) have a diameter (c) less than or at most equal to the outside diameter of the launcher (3), that the number and the width of said spans are the as small as possible, and that the grooves (31) have a diameter (d) less than the outlet diameter of a weapon barrel "full choke”.
  • the front face (32) of the external element (26) has the smallest possible surface.
  • the latter is conditioned by the importance of the internal chamfer (33) which has as another function of promoting on the one hand the penetration of the air in the central nozzle (34) and on the other hand the fragmentation in open cone at the start of penetration of the naked ball (2) in the target by bursting of the element (26).
  • the rear face (35) of the external element (26) is combined with the front face (36) of the launcher (3) to ensure the mechanical strength of the external energy element (26) during the propulsion phase of the complete ball (1).
  • the part inner (37) of the outer member (26) defines the nozzle central (34) of cylindro-conical shape cooperating with the annular nozzles (6) of a number equal to the number of blades (27).
  • the inside diameter (e) of the rear part of the nozzle central (34) is greater than or at least equal to the outside diameter (b) the internal energy element (10) and that of the push plate (11).
  • this nozzle central (34) can be simply cylindrical in shape, constant inside diameter from front to back.
  • longitudinal fracture initiators of different numbers and shapes, can be practiced in the thickness of the cylindrical wall of the element.
  • the shape of the annular nozzles (6) has contours curvilinear.
  • the precise sizing of the nozzles (34) and (6) is determined by the usual methods of the technique in depending on the flight characteristics to be obtained, characteristics of penetration into the target as well as the mechanical strength of the energy element (25) during the phase to launch the full ball.
  • the nozzles can be of any geometric shape, and for example square, triangular, round, oblong, or conical.
  • the inner energy element (10) has a diameter outside (b) less than or at most equal to the inside diameter (e) of the rear part of the central nozzle (34). he has circular grooves (9) on its inner face cooperating with the teeth (8) of the core (7). Its front face (38) comprises a conical part (39) forming the internal part annular nozzles (6) in continuity with the conical head (5) of the body (4) of the naked ball (2). Its back side combines with the front face of the push plate (11) level of the interface (12).
  • the body (4) associated with the interior energy element (10) composes the arrow (40) of the naked ball (2).
  • the arrow (40) is directed along its entire trajectory to the target by the external energy element (26).
  • the launcher (3) shown in Figure 4, is manufactured made of low density and high flexibility material (for example a technopolymer such as a polyamide).
  • the launcher (3) is in one piece and can slide freely until it comes into contact with the external element (26), the step of the blade (27) and the thrust plate (11). It features on its outer part of the narrow members (41) allowing guiding the complete bullet (1) in the barrel of the weapon.
  • decompression grooves (42) ensure good sealing propellant gases, also largely sealed by the lip (43) by plating the latter against the wall of the barrel of the weapon under the effect of pressure.
  • the front face (36) of the launcher (3) cooperates with the face rear (35) of the external energy element (26) to ensure essentially the mechanical strength of the element (26) during the propulsion phase of the full bale (1).
  • the inner part of the launcher (3) comprises on its part before a setback (29) combined with the setback corresponding (28) of the blades (27) and thus allowing the front guide of the launcher (3).
  • This launcher (3) has a bore (44) whose internal diameter (f) is greater than that (b) of the interior energy element (10) (set of a few tenths of a millimeter), and a bore (45) cooperating with the outer part (15) of the push plate (11), which partially ensures the rear guidance of the launcher (3).
  • the recess (46) cooperates with the rear face (16) and the shoulder (17) of the push plate (11) allowing thus also partially ensuring the rear guidance of the launcher (3), and the mechanical strength of the assembly during the propulsion phase.
  • the bores (44) and (45) are connected by the conical part (62).
  • the bore (47) cooperates with the tail body (23) and thus makes it possible to perfect the rear guide of the launcher (3).
  • the grooves (22), of a number equal to the number of fins (19) of the tail (18), ensure, by cooperation with the party front (21) of the fins (19), the angular locking of the bare ball (2) with the launcher (3), the bottom diameter (g) of grooves being slightly greater than the outside diameter (a) fins (19).
  • the The bushing is made by the external energy element (26).
  • the bare ball (2) and the launcher (3) are intimately linked.
  • the launcher (3) slides on the bare ball (2) thanks to the difference in aerodynamic drag by friction on the ball bare (2) and on the launcher (3), and at the air pressure generated in the central nozzle (34) and in the annular nozzles (6) and being exerted essentially on the step (29) of the launcher.
  • Bare ball sliding zones (2) - launcher (3) - have different dimensions, the last point of contact to be realized in front of the center of gravity of the ball naked (2) and as close as possible to the latter. This provision partially compensates for small disturbances linked to the pitcher (3) / naked ball (2) separation.
  • the one-piece launcher (3) thus released remains in the plane of shooting until its fall to the ground observed at an average distance of 30 to 40 meters from the shooter. It thus gives all the security to shooting against other hunters for example.
  • the dimensioning of the central nozzle (34) and of the annular nozzles (6) can be carried out so as to create an aerodynamic blockage or unclogging.
  • This aerodynamic blockage is characterized by a strong increase in aerodynamic drag up to a factor of 2, thus leading to a shorter range of the naked ball (2).
  • this aerodynamic blockage generates the displacement of the center of the aerodynamic forces applied to the bare ball (2) towards the center of gravity of said ball. Reducing this distance can lead to complete destabilization of the ball at a given distance. This phenomenon, associated with a strong aerodynamic drag makes it possible to obtain very short spans.
  • the aggression mechanism takes place in two phases:
  • the external energy element (26) strikes the target first by its front face (32) with energy total of the bare ball (2).
  • the arrow (40) In a second phase, the arrow (40), the release of which has absorbed practically no energy, thus strikes the target with the total energy of the naked bullet (2).
  • the target having become less hard due to the work produced by the external energy element (26) during the 1st phase, the arrow (40) can easily enter the target with its total energy. Thanks in part to the internal energy element (10), the neutralizing power of shredding, inhibition, ruptures of hard parts is exceptional. It should be noted that, at the time of penetration into the target, the surface kinetic energy of the arrow (40) (1/2 mV 2 : maximum cross section of the arrow body) is exceptionally high.
  • This two-phase aggression mechanism provides very high surface kinetic energies of the element external energy (26) and the boom (40).
  • the current invention also makes it very easy to control the value of the surface kinetic energies to be imposed on the element external energy (26) and to the boom (40).
  • This example describes a launcher made in several attachments.
  • the bare ball (2) can be fired with a pitcher several joined plan elements as shown in the Figure 5.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a complete bale with such a launcher composed of two elements (49). The latter cooperate with the bare ball (2) using teeth and circular grooves (50).
  • the elements (49) of the launcher detach from the naked bullet (2) which, released, hits the target.
  • the Elements (49) fall at an average distance of 30 meters with a gap maximum of 7 meters from the shooting plan.
  • the launcher (3) has a centering (48) combined with the outer edge of the parts circular (30) of the external energy element (26).
  • the launcher (3) is therefore increased by the height of the element (26).
  • the crimping of the sleeve is done on the front face (36) of the launcher (3).
  • a lock (51) is placed in front of one of the circular parts (30) of the element (26) and is wedged between the sleeve and the circular groove (31) of the element (26). This lock being free longitudinally, it is therefore released outside right out of the tube. He can thus leave his home and release the bare ball (2).
  • the present invention can also be applied to the shooting of bullets in heavily scratched tubes, as the bullet shows shown in Figure 8.
  • the bare ball (2) according to the present invention is stabilized by empennage. Only a very slight rotation on trajectory is authorized thanks to the chamfers (20) practiced on the trailing edge of the fins (19). To keep this mode stabilization, you have to get rid of the rotation speed given by a heavily scratched tube.
  • Figure 8 describes a corresponding embodiment on these conditions.
  • the launcher (3) is divided into two elements along a cross section: the front element (52) and the rear element (53).
  • the front element (52) is in one piece and of revolution. He ... not has more circular parts and decompression grooves outside. Its outside diameter (54) is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the striped tube (55). A chamfer exterior (56) is practiced at the front of this element to allow a good introduction of the cartridge.
  • the Element (52) can slide freely on the bare ball (2).
  • the rear element (53) is also monobloc and of revolution. Its outside diameter (h) is very slightly greater to the diameter (i) of the strip bottom of the tube (55). His inner diameter (k) is greater (by a few tenths of millimeters) to the diameter (j) of the thrust plate (11). he also has on its outer part a groove of crimping (57) in which the collar of the sleeve (60) metallic overlaps by deformation.
  • a chamfer (58) is also made to allow good scratching of said element (53).
  • a grain (59) to low coefficient of friction is sandwiched between the two elements (52) and (53).
  • a lock (61) cooperating with the plate (11), performs the same function as that of the latch (51) described in Figure 7. It stops the element (53) in translation but it allows complete freedom in rotation.
  • the bare ball (2) and element (52) cannot advance due that they are locked in translation by the latch (51).
  • the element (53) thus takes up the scoring of the tube (55) and rotates at the speed allowed by this striping. In his movement, he causes the bare ball (2) and the element (52) to rotate slightly by friction only. At the outlet of the tube, the element (53) breaks by centrifugation leaving the possibility to the element (52) to release the bare ball (2) by sliding.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
EP95930577A 1994-09-13 1995-09-13 Balle de chasse a double penetration et a portee reduite Expired - Lifetime EP0728293B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9410922A FR2724450B1 (fr) 1994-09-13 1994-09-13 Balle de chasse a double penetration et a portee reduite
FR9410922 1994-09-13
PCT/FR1995/001170 WO1996008689A1 (fr) 1994-09-13 1995-09-13 Balle de chasse a double penetration et a portee reduite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0728293A1 EP0728293A1 (fr) 1996-08-28
EP0728293B1 true EP0728293B1 (fr) 2000-01-12

Family

ID=9466900

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95930577A Expired - Lifetime EP0728293B1 (fr) 1994-09-13 1995-09-13 Balle de chasse a double penetration et a portee reduite

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5723810A (fi)
EP (1) EP0728293B1 (fi)
AT (1) ATE188773T1 (fi)
AU (1) AU685001B2 (fi)
DE (1) DE69514496T2 (fi)
ES (1) ES2143650T3 (fi)
FI (1) FI110962B (fi)
FR (1) FR2724450B1 (fi)
GR (1) GR3033148T3 (fi)
PT (1) PT728293E (fi)
WO (1) WO1996008689A1 (fi)
ZA (1) ZA957704B (fi)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2786562B1 (fr) 1998-11-26 2001-02-09 Jean Noel Letellier Adaptateur pour balle sous calibree utilisee dans une arme a canon lisse
US20040045671A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-11 Ed Rejda Selective etching device
FR2854687B1 (fr) * 2003-05-09 2006-06-16 Giat Ind Sa Projectile sous-calibre, barreau et sabot constituant un tel projectile
US6782830B1 (en) * 2003-09-11 2004-08-31 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Obturator for large caliber smooth bore ammunition
FR2867267B1 (fr) * 2004-03-08 2006-05-26 Jean Claude Sauvestre Balle de chasse a bague d'expansion
US7743709B2 (en) 2006-10-28 2010-06-29 Integrity Ballistics, Llc Sabot for elastomeric projectile
US20160018200A1 (en) * 2014-05-02 2016-01-21 Andrey Sharudenko Bullet with separable elements
US10996037B2 (en) * 2018-09-04 2021-05-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Obturator for robust and uniform discard

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135449A (en) * 1975-06-20 1979-01-23 Rheinmetall Gmbh Projectile for attacking small targets
FR2335818A1 (fr) * 1975-12-19 1977-07-15 Le Neillon Richard Projectile pour armes de chasse
US4043269A (en) * 1976-05-27 1977-08-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Sealed sabot projectile
FR2425621A1 (fr) * 1978-05-12 1979-12-07 Piegay Marcel Cartouche a balle pour un fusil de chasse a canon lisse
FR2437603A2 (fr) * 1978-09-26 1980-04-25 Cleard Gilbert Projectile pour arme a feu
US4539911A (en) * 1979-06-20 1985-09-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Projectile
FR2555728B1 (fr) * 1983-11-29 1987-03-20 Sauvestre Jean Claude Munition pour arme de chasse
US4827847A (en) * 1985-05-30 1989-05-09 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada Short range tubular projectile
FR2599828B1 (fr) * 1986-06-05 1990-08-24 Sauvestre Jean Claude Munition de petit ou moyen calibre a efficacite amelioree et portee limitee, en particulier pour la chasse
FR2606500B1 (fr) * 1986-06-05 1990-07-06 Sauvestre Jean Claude Munition de chasse a volume de combustion augmente
FR2602042B1 (fr) * 1986-07-23 1990-08-03 Sauvestre Jean Claude Projectile pour munition de chasse comportant un sabot lanceur et une balle sous-calibree a stabilisateur coulissant.
DE3804930A1 (de) * 1988-02-17 1989-08-31 Deutsch Franz Forsch Inst Flugkoerper
FR2627854B1 (fr) * 1988-02-29 1990-08-10 Denis Jean Pierre Munition pour armes a feu, notamment munition de chasse
FR2662241B1 (fr) * 1990-05-19 1994-09-23 Sauvestre Jean Claude Systeme de lancement tandem a etancheite centrale.
US5067406A (en) * 1990-11-05 1991-11-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Supersonic, low-drag, solid fuel ramjet tubular projectile
RU2011148C1 (ru) * 1991-06-05 1994-04-15 Владимир Александрович Горденок Пуля для гладкоствольных охотничьих ружей

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2143650T3 (es) 2000-05-16
EP0728293A1 (fr) 1996-08-28
US5723810A (en) 1998-03-03
FI961997A (fi) 1996-07-09
DE69514496D1 (de) 2000-02-17
ZA957704B (en) 1996-04-24
FR2724450B1 (fr) 1997-01-17
PT728293E (pt) 2000-06-30
FR2724450A1 (fr) 1996-03-15
AU685001B2 (en) 1998-01-08
AU3390895A (en) 1996-03-29
DE69514496T2 (de) 2000-11-16
ATE188773T1 (de) 2000-01-15
GR3033148T3 (en) 2000-08-31
WO1996008689A1 (fr) 1996-03-21
FI110962B (fi) 2003-04-30
FI961997A0 (fi) 1996-05-10

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