EP0726443A2 - Recoilless gun with its ammunition - Google Patents

Recoilless gun with its ammunition Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0726443A2
EP0726443A2 EP96101710A EP96101710A EP0726443A2 EP 0726443 A2 EP0726443 A2 EP 0726443A2 EP 96101710 A EP96101710 A EP 96101710A EP 96101710 A EP96101710 A EP 96101710A EP 0726443 A2 EP0726443 A2 EP 0726443A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
inlet cross
outflow opening
projectile
propellant charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96101710A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0726443B1 (en
EP0726443A3 (en
Inventor
Axel Dr. Pfersmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Stiftung and Co KG
Original Assignee
Diehl GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl GmbH and Co filed Critical Diehl GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0726443A2 publication Critical patent/EP0726443A2/en
Publication of EP0726443A3 publication Critical patent/EP0726443A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0726443B1 publication Critical patent/EP0726443B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A1/00—Missile propulsion characterised by the use of explosive or combustible propellant charges
    • F41A1/08—Recoilless guns, i.e. guns having propulsion means producing no recoil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-recoil machine gun with ammunition according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a low-recoil machine gun with ammunition, in which the propellant powder burns completely in the gun barrel.
  • Introduced ammunition components can advantageously be used with the invention. This is particularly advantageous for small production quantities.
  • a low recoil machine gun 1 has a weapon housing 2, a drawn weapon barrel 3 and a breech, not shown.
  • Ammunition 13 consisting of projectile 11 and propellant charge sleeve 12 is located in a cartridge chamber 10.
  • Projectile 11 has a floor 15.
  • the projectile 11 is partly in the propellant charge case 12.
  • the connection between the projectile 11 and the propellant charge case 12 is a strangle connection 14.
  • two outflow openings 20 with subsequent Laval nozzles 21 are provided in corresponding nozzle bodies 22.
  • the nozzles 21 lie opposite to the firing direction with little inclination to the main axis 5 of the machine gun 1.
  • the outflow openings 20 with the inlet cross-sections 25 lie in the initial region of the weapon barrel 3, namely in the transition cone 6. There is a short distance between the inlet cross-section 25 and a sleeve mouth 17 of the propellant charge sleeve 12.
  • a guide ring 16 of the projectile 11 abutting the sleeve mouth 17 forms this distance. In terms of its width, it is approximately half in the transition cone 6 and the other half in the inlet cross-section 25.
  • the length 26 of the inlet cross-section 25 in the direction of the main axis 5 is substantially smaller than the total length 29 of a rod powder 30 stored in the propellant charge sleeve 12 .
  • a width 27 of the inlet cross-section 25 on the unwound drawn wall section of the weapon barrel 3 corresponds approximately to 3 times its length 26.
  • the projectile 11 After igniting the rod powder 30, after a corresponding build-up of pressure in the propellant charge sleeve 12, the projectile 11 is expelled from the propellant charge sleeve 12. With a corresponding forward movement of the projectile 11 in the direction of arrow 24, the base 15 of the projectile 11 releases the inlet cross sections 25, so that only powder gases can escape from the nozzles 21 to reduce recoil of the machine gun 1.
  • the rods 31 collide on a wall 19 of the outflow opening 20 and burn with its parts protruding from the propellant charge sleeve 12 in the region of the transition cone 6. This ensures that the rod powder 30 burns completely in the cartridge chamber 10.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

The one-part munition (13) comprises a drive charge casing (12) with a projectile (11). The drive charge is formed as a rod powder (30). At least one outflow opening (20,25) with connecting Laval nozzle (21) is provided in the weapon barrel after the mouth (17) of the drive charge casing. The axial length of the inlet cross-section (25) of the outflow opening is very small in comparison to the length (29) of the rod powder. The outflow opening is located in the area of the transition cone (6) of the weapon barrel and is freed in company with the inlet cross-section by the projectile starting movement.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine rückstoßarme Maschinenkanone mit Munition nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a low-recoil machine gun with ammunition according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einer Düsenkanone, Rheinmetall Waffentechnisches Taschenbuch 1977 S. 275, 309, 383, besteht das Problem, daß das Austreten von unverbrannten Treibladungspulver durch die Düse unbedingt verhindert werden muß. Dazu werden perforierte Treibladungshülsen und aufwendige Gassammelkanäle verwendet. Bei Maschinenkanonen mit entsprechend kleinen Pulverabmessungen ist eine derartige Lösung nicht realisierbar.With a nozzle cannon, Rheinmetall Waffentechnische Taschenbuch 1977 pp. 275, 309, 383, there is the problem that the escape of unburned propellant powder through the nozzle must be prevented. Perforated propellant charge sleeves and complex gas collection channels are used. Such a solution cannot be implemented in machine guns with correspondingly small powder dimensions.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine rückstoßarme Maschinenkanone mit Munition vorzuschlagen, bei der das Treibladungspulver vollständig im Waffenrohr verbrennt.The object of the invention is to propose a low-recoil machine gun with ammunition, in which the propellant powder burns completely in the gun barrel.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe entsprechend den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.The invention solves this problem in accordance with the characterizing features of claim 1.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Further advantageous developments of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Aufgrund der Abströmöffnungen im Bereich der Geschoßanfangsbewegung im Waffenrohr und durch eine entsprechende Dimensionierung der Einlaßquerschnitte der Abströmöffnungen in Verbindung mit den, den Abströmöffnungen nachgeordneten Düsen liegt eine rückstoßarme Maschinenkanone bei vollständig in der Waffe verbrennenden Treibladungspulver vor. Es werden keine Siebe benötigt. Der konstruktive Aufwand an der Waffe ist klein. Auch ist die Munition kostengünstig, da eingeführte Treibladungshülsen verwendbar sind. Diese Treibladungshülsen werden in einfacher Weise mit Stangenpulver gefüllt.Because of the outflow openings in the area of the projectile initial movement in the weapon barrel and through a corresponding dimensioning of the inlet cross sections of the outflow openings in connection with the nozzles downstream of the outflow openings, there is a low-recoil machine gun with propellant powder completely burning in the weapon. No sieves are required. The design effort on the weapon is small. The ammunition is also inexpensive, since propellant sleeves that have been introduced can be used. These propellant charge cases are easily filled with powdered bars.

Mit der Erfindung kann vorteilhaft auf eingeführte Munitions-Komponenten zurückgegriffen werden. Dies ist gerade bei geringen Fertigungsstückzahlen vorteilhaft.Introduced ammunition components can advantageously be used with the invention. This is particularly advantageous for small production quantities.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Es zeigt in prinzipieller Darstellung

  • Figur 1 eine Maschinenkanone in der Seitenansicht,
  • Figur 2 die Maschinenkanone nach Figur 1 von vorne,
  • Figur 3 einen Teilschnitt III - III nach Figur 2 und
  • Figur 4 einen vergrößert gezeichneten Auschschnitt IV nach Figur 3.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing. It shows in principle
  • FIG. 1 shows a machine cannon in side view,
  • FIG. 2 shows the machine cannon according to FIG. 1 from the front,
  • 3 shows a partial section III - III of Figure 2 and
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged section IV according to FIG. 3.

Eine rückstoßarme Maschinenkanone 1 weist ein Waffengehäuse 2, ein gezogenes Waffenrohr 3 und einen nicht weiter dargestellten Verschluß auf.A low recoil machine gun 1 has a weapon housing 2, a drawn weapon barrel 3 and a breech, not shown.

In einem Patronenlager 10 liegt eine aus Geschoß 11 und Treibladungshülse 12 bestehende Munition 13. Das Geschoß 11 weist einen Boden 15 auf.Ammunition 13 consisting of projectile 11 and propellant charge sleeve 12 is located in a cartridge chamber 10. Projectile 11 has a floor 15.

Das Geschoß 11 steckt zum Teil in der Treibladungshülse 12. Die Verbindung zwischen dem Geschoß 11 und der Treibladungshülse 12 ist eine Würgeverbindung 14.The projectile 11 is partly in the propellant charge case 12. The connection between the projectile 11 and the propellant charge case 12 is a strangle connection 14.

An dem Waffenrohr 3 sind zwei Abströmöffnungen 20 mit anschließenden Laval-Düsen 21 in entsprechenden Düsenkörpern 22 vorgesehen. Die Düsen 21 liegen entgegen der Schußrichtung mit geringer Anstellung zur Hauptachse 5 der Maschinenkanone 1.On the weapon barrel 3, two outflow openings 20 with subsequent Laval nozzles 21 are provided in corresponding nozzle bodies 22. The nozzles 21 lie opposite to the firing direction with little inclination to the main axis 5 of the machine gun 1.

Die Abströmöffnungen 20 mit den Einlaßquerschnitten 25 liegen im Anfangsbereich des Waffenrohres 3, nämlich im Übergangskonus 6. Es besteht ein kurzer Abstand zwischen dem Einlaßquerschnitt 25 und einem Hülsenmund 17 der Treibladungshülse 12.The outflow openings 20 with the inlet cross-sections 25 lie in the initial region of the weapon barrel 3, namely in the transition cone 6. There is a short distance between the inlet cross-section 25 and a sleeve mouth 17 of the propellant charge sleeve 12.

Ein am Hülsenmund 17 anstoßender Führungsring 16 des Geschosses 11 bildet diesen Abstand. Er ist in Bezug auf seine Breite etwa zur Hälfte anliegend im Übergangskonus 6 und zur anderen Hälfte im Einlaßquerschnitt 25. Der Einlaßquerschnitt 25 ist mit seiner Länge 26 in Richtung der Hauptachse 5 wesentlich kleiner als die Gesamtlänge 29 eines, in der Treibladungshülse 12 gelagerten Stangenpulvers 30.A guide ring 16 of the projectile 11 abutting the sleeve mouth 17 forms this distance. In terms of its width, it is approximately half in the transition cone 6 and the other half in the inlet cross-section 25. The length 26 of the inlet cross-section 25 in the direction of the main axis 5 is substantially smaller than the total length 29 of a rod powder 30 stored in the propellant charge sleeve 12 .

Eine Breite 27 des Einlaßquerschnittes 25 am abgewickelt gezeichneten Wandabschnitt des Waffenrohres 3 entspricht etwa dem 3-fachen seiner Länge 26.A width 27 of the inlet cross-section 25 on the unwound drawn wall section of the weapon barrel 3 corresponds approximately to 3 times its length 26.

Nach dem Anzünden des Stangenpulvers 30 erfolgt nach einem entsprechenden Druckaufbau in der Treibladungshülse 12 das Austreiben des Geschosses 11 aus der Treibladungshülse 12. Bei einer entsprechenden Vorwärtsbewegung des Geschosses 11 in Richtung des Pfeiles 24 gibt der Boden 15 des Geschosses 11 die Einlaßquerschnitte 25 frei, so daß nur Pulvergase aus den Düsen 21 zur Rückstoßminderung der Maschinenkanone 1 austreten können.After igniting the rod powder 30, after a corresponding build-up of pressure in the propellant charge sleeve 12, the projectile 11 is expelled from the propellant charge sleeve 12. With a corresponding forward movement of the projectile 11 in the direction of arrow 24, the base 15 of the projectile 11 releases the inlet cross sections 25, so that only powder gases can escape from the nozzles 21 to reduce recoil of the machine gun 1.

Üblicherweise verbrennt das in der Treibladungshülse 12 dicht gepackte Stangenpulver 30 als Ganzes in der Treibladungshülse 12. Sollten eine oder mehrere Stangen 31 nach vorne - also in Schußrichtung bewegt werden, so bildet der Einlaßquerschnitt 25 eine wirksame Rückhaltung für die Stangen 31. Die Stangen 31 stoßen an einer Wand 19 der Abströmöffnung 20 an und verbrennen mit Ihrem aus der Treibladungshülse 12 überstehenden Teile im Bereich des Übergangskonus 6. Damit ist sicher gewährleistet, daß das Stangenpulver 30 vollständig im Patronenlager 10 verbrennt.Usually, the rod powder 30, which is tightly packed in the propellant charge sleeve 12, burns as a whole in the propellant charge sleeve 12. If one or more rods 31 are moved forward - that is to say in the direction of the weft - the inlet cross section 25 forms an effective restraint for the rods 31. The rods 31 collide on a wall 19 of the outflow opening 20 and burn with its parts protruding from the propellant charge sleeve 12 in the region of the transition cone 6. This ensures that the rod powder 30 burns completely in the cartridge chamber 10.

Die Zusammenfassung ist Teil der Beschreibung.The summary is part of the description.

Claims (4)

Rückstoßarme Maschinenkanone (1) mit Munition (13) und einem Patronenlager (10) im Waffenrohr (3),
wobei die einteilige Munition (13) aus einer Treibladungshülse (12) mit Geschoß (11) besteht,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Treibladung als Stangenpulver (30) ausgebildet ist und im Waffenrohr (2) nach dem Hülsenmund (17) der Treibladungshülse (12) wenigstens eine Abströmöffnung (20, 25) mit anschließender Laval-Düse (21) vorgesehen ist,
wobei die axiale Länge (26) des Einlaßqeurschnitts (25) der Abströmöffnung (20) sehr klein ist gegenüber der Länge (29) des Stangenpulvers (30).Low recoil machine gun (1) with ammunition (13) and a cartridge chamber (10) in the gun barrel (3),
the one-piece ammunition (13) consisting of a propellant charge case (12) with a projectile (11),
characterized,
that the propellant charge is designed as a rod powder (30) and at least one outflow opening (20, 25) with a subsequent Laval nozzle (21) is provided in the weapon barrel (2) after the case mouth (17) of the propellant charge case (12),
the axial length (26) of the inlet cross-section (25) of the outflow opening (20) being very small compared to the length (29) of the rod powder (30). Maschinenkanone nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Abströmöffnung (20) im Bereich des Übergangskonus (6) des Waffenrohres (2) liegt, bzw. die Abströmöffnung (20) bzw. der Einlaßquerschnitt (25) durch die Geschoßanfangsbewegung freigebbar ist.Machine gun according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the outflow opening (20) lies in the region of the transition cone (6) of the weapon barrel (2), or the outflow opening (20) or the inlet cross section (25) can be released by the projectile initial movement. Maschinenkanone nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Beginn des Einlaßquerschnittes (25) kurz nach dem Hülsenmund (17) in einem Abstand von ca. 1 bis 3 mm liegt.Machine gun according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the start of the inlet cross-section (25) shortly after the sleeve mouth (17) is at a distance of about 1 to 3 mm. Maschinenkanone nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Einlaßquerschnitt (25) bei abgewickeltem Rohrinnenumfang in radialer Richtung eine Breite (27) aufweist die etwa dem 3-fachen der Länge (26) in axialer Richtung entspricht.Machine gun according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the inlet cross-section (25) has a width (27) in the radial direction when the inner circumference of the pipe is unwound, which corresponds to approximately 3 times the length (26) in the axial direction.
EP96101710A 1995-02-11 1996-02-07 Recoilless gun with its ammunition Expired - Lifetime EP0726443B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19504510A DE19504510A1 (en) 1995-02-11 1995-02-11 Low recoil machine gun with ammunition
DE19504510 1995-02-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0726443A2 true EP0726443A2 (en) 1996-08-14
EP0726443A3 EP0726443A3 (en) 1996-10-23
EP0726443B1 EP0726443B1 (en) 1998-05-27

Family

ID=7753681

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96101710A Expired - Lifetime EP0726443B1 (en) 1995-02-11 1996-02-07 Recoilless gun with its ammunition

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0726443B1 (en)
DE (2) DE19504510A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107314706A (en) * 2017-08-24 2017-11-03 长沙深蓝未来智能技术有限公司 Increase the recoilless gun of range

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB673431A (en) * 1949-04-04 1952-06-04 Marpan Ets Improvements in or relating to guns
GB776019A (en) * 1953-12-28 1957-05-29 Mancar Trust Reg Improvements in or relating to recoil-less cannon
US3838622A (en) * 1970-11-16 1974-10-01 V Febres Recoilless firearm and cartridge therefor

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE576518C (en) * 1931-01-09 1933-05-11 Rheinische Metallw & Maschf Firearm with device for changing the initial speed of the projectile by diverting part of the propellant gases
US2834255A (en) * 1952-08-27 1958-05-13 Musser C Walton Recoilless firearm and ammunition therefor
DE944109C (en) * 1953-12-28 1956-06-07 Mancar Trust Fa Gun with rear-facing reaction thrust nozzles
US4126077A (en) * 1977-01-18 1978-11-21 Quesnel Henry R Recoil reducing system for rifles, guns, cannons and the like
US5036747A (en) * 1987-08-11 1991-08-06 Mcclain Iii Harry T Muzzle brake

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB673431A (en) * 1949-04-04 1952-06-04 Marpan Ets Improvements in or relating to guns
GB776019A (en) * 1953-12-28 1957-05-29 Mancar Trust Reg Improvements in or relating to recoil-less cannon
US3838622A (en) * 1970-11-16 1974-10-01 V Febres Recoilless firearm and cartridge therefor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107314706A (en) * 2017-08-24 2017-11-03 长沙深蓝未来智能技术有限公司 Increase the recoilless gun of range

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59600213D1 (en) 1998-07-02
EP0726443B1 (en) 1998-05-27
DE19504510A1 (en) 1996-08-14
EP0726443A3 (en) 1996-10-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2914049C2 (en) cartridge
DE69432769T2 (en) Gun barrel with projectiles arranged axially one behind the other
DE69104677T2 (en) CARTRIDGE FOR AUTOMATIC WEAPONS.
EP1171748B1 (en) Training projectile for an automatic rapid-fire weapon
DE69123434T2 (en) Telescopic ammunition cartilage
DE69818120T2 (en) Propellant charge case for projectiles for automatic or semi-automatic firearms with an inertia lock
DE680007C (en) Cartridge for firearms
DE2553201A1 (en) RECOIL AND SNAP-FREE BULLETABLE BULLET
EP0056077B1 (en) Recoilless weapon
DE2822624A1 (en) TRAINING CARTRIDGE FOR AUTOMATIC FIREARMS
EP0726443A2 (en) Recoilless gun with its ammunition
DE69002402T2 (en) Device for holding a projectile in relation to the housing of a telescopic ammunition.
DE1728019C3 (en) Ammunition for a launcher with a laterally open chamber of triangular cross-section
EP0621941B1 (en) Firearm
WO1993018364A1 (en) Process and device for firing caseless ammunition
DE3837839A1 (en) Propellant charge casing having a permeable shaft
DE2752844A1 (en) Missile warhead usable at various ranges - has propellant charge in sections which can be fired in part or fully
WO2005116566A1 (en) Arrangement consisting of a breech-block and of a projectile surrounding the propellant charge and the priming charge
DE10212313B4 (en) Automatic weapon
DE703942C (en) Automatic firearm with fixed barrel and swinging bolt
AT522975B1 (en) Gas pressure controlled locking system for a firearm
DE3102734A1 (en) Device for recoilless and low-signature firing of projectiles
EP0499906A2 (en) Ammunition cartridge with a flechette-type projectile
DE239179C (en)
DE239279C (en)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19961109

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19970117

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: DIEHL STIFTUNG & CO.

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59600213

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19980702

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: A. BRAUN, BRAUN, HERITIER, ESCHMANN AG PATENTANWAE

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19980729

ET Fr: translation filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19981229

Year of fee payment: 4

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19990427

Year of fee payment: 4

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000207

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000229

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000229

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20000207

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20001031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20001201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST