EP0726430B1 - Verfahren und Anlage zur Klimatisierung mit wenigstens für die Ozonschicht unschädlicher Kühlflüssigkeit - Google Patents

Verfahren und Anlage zur Klimatisierung mit wenigstens für die Ozonschicht unschädlicher Kühlflüssigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0726430B1
EP0726430B1 EP96101582A EP96101582A EP0726430B1 EP 0726430 B1 EP0726430 B1 EP 0726430B1 EP 96101582 A EP96101582 A EP 96101582A EP 96101582 A EP96101582 A EP 96101582A EP 0726430 B1 EP0726430 B1 EP 0726430B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coolant
air
chamber
concentration
ozone layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96101582A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0726430A2 (de
EP0726430A3 (de
Inventor
Giuseppe De' Longhi
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De Longhi SpA
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De Longhi SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/02—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing
    • F24F1/022—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing comprising a compressor cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air conditioning apparatus and method having a refrigerating fluid which is not harmful to at least the ozone layer.
  • stratospheric ozone layer which protects the earth surface from the ultraviolet radiation generated by the sun, has been degraded mainly by compounds based on chlorofluoromethanes.
  • HFC halocarbons which are in the same family of the substituted fluids but have no chlorine atoms, and of course no bromide atoms, in their molecule and are therefore completely safe with respect to the ozone layer.
  • ammonia increases the production costs enormously, especially in the field of air conditioning, considering the sophisticated and expensive safety systems provided in such apparatus.
  • the low critical temperature of CO 2 increases the lamination losses and forces the use of hypercritical cycles in the current applications.
  • the hydrocarbons used for refrigerators for example air conditioners
  • DE-A-4 318 271 discloses an air conditioner with inflammable refrigerant, and with gas detector, whereby the system is switched off when inflammable refrigerant leakage is detected.
  • the aim of the present invention is to overcome the above mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
  • an important object of the invention is provide an air conditioning apparatus and method having a refrigerating fluid, such as an hydrocarbon for example, which is not harmful to at least the ozone layer, and having an absolutely safe operation.
  • a refrigerating fluid such as an hydrocarbon for example
  • a further object of the invention to provide an air conditioning apparatus and method with refrigerant fluid that do not require any particular device or system for production and manufacturing, other than those conventionally used.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to provide an air conditioning apparatus and method, with a refrigerating fluid which is not harmful to at least the ozone layer, having a very high efficiency, even higher than the present efficiency of an air conditioning apparatus using, for example, chlorofluoromethanes.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to provide an air conditioning apparatus and method, with a refrigerant fluid which is not harmful to at least the ozone layer, having a very low cost and adapted to be widely diffused in the market.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for conditioning air with a refrigerant fluid which is not harmful to at least the ozone layer, as claimed in claim 7.
  • the air conditioner apparatus in a per se known manner comprises a compressor 2, for the refrigerant fluid, at least a condenser 20 of said fluid, a choking member of said fluid (not illustrated in the drawings), an evaporator 3 of said fluid, at least a first ventilator 4, for generating an air flow, and electrical and/or electronic and mechanical means (temperature and current protector of the compressor, manostat, conventional safety systems, thermostats and flow controllers), not illustrated in the drawings, adapted to correctly operate the air conditioner.
  • the refrigerant fluid circulating in the air conditioner is a coolant belonging to the class of hydrocarbons, and may be a mixture of hydrocarbons or, for example, propane, in order to have no potential negative effect on the ozone layer or no potential greenhouse effect.
  • the coolant operating in the air conditioner according to the invention has its flammable limits defined respectively as minimum and maximum concentration of coolant apt to propagate the flame through a mixture of coolant and air in preset temperature and pressure conditions.
  • the apparatus or conditioner 1 has at least one first safety zone 5 wherein at least a part of the electric and/or electronic members are arranged for operating the conditioner.
  • a timer for turning on and off the conditioner or the other elements.
  • a thermostat for turning on and off the conditioner or the other elements.
  • the first safety zone is in fact provided with such dimensions as to prevent the formation of a minimum or maximum concentration of coolant (propane) which may fall outside those maximum or minimum concentrations wherein the coolant becomes flammable.
  • the air conditioner also has a first chamber 6 where all the electrical and mechanical members are arranged (ventilators, evaporators, condensers, compressors, etc.) for the correct operation of the apparatus.
  • an air flow is generated in the first chamber 6.
  • the air flow may initially be produced by the first ventilator 4, or by another ventilator, adapted to remove any minimum or maximum concentration of coolant, falling within the flammable limits, from the first chamber before starting the compressor and therefore before starting the operation of the air conditioner.
  • the inside of the conditioner is "washed" in order to remove any possible concentrations of gas that may have formed.
  • the air conditioner After the "washing" operation, the air conditioner is ready to operate using an hydrocarbon such as propane without any danger.
  • the air conditioner is provided with disposal means for disposing of any concentration of coolant which falls within the flammable limits even when the conditioner is idle.
  • coolant leaks may form gas pockets inside the conditioner which may ignite or explode not just at the activation of the conditioner but also for accidental causes such as sparks or electrical discharges or flames close to the air conditioner.
  • the disposal means may be defined by a plurality of apertures 7 provided on the casing of the air conditioner in order to ensure a constant air exchange inside the conditioner preventing the formation of gas pockets even when the conditioner is idle.
  • apertures 8 Beside the apertures 7, which have an insufficient capacity when the conditioner is operating, further apertures 8 may be provided which are automatically activated to move to a closure position during the operation of the conditioner and to an open position both during the "washing" step, performed before the starting the conditioner, and when the conditioner is idle.
  • the air conditioner which uses a refrigerant fluid belonging to the class of hydrocarbons, comprises a second chamber 10, which, according to the need, accommodates the mechanical and electrical members operating the conditioner.
  • first safety zone 5 is arranged inside first chamber 6 but may be arranged also inside second chamber 10.
  • a second safety zone may be arranged in chamber 10 and may accommodate further electrical members.
  • second safety zone is sized in order to prevent the formation of minimum or maximum concentration of coolant which may fall within its flammable limits.
  • a second ventilator 15 is arranged in second safety zone 10 and is adapted to provide a second air flow in the safety zone having a different direction with respect to the direction of the air flow generated by first ventilator 4.
  • first ventilator 4 may be constituted by the ventilator of the evaporator 3
  • second ventilator 15 may be constituted by the ventilator of first condenser 20.
  • a second condenser may be provided for example in second chamber 10, in case the propane air conditioner is operated by refrigerating the first and second condensers both by water or air or by water and air.
  • a "Split" type conditioner i.e. a conditioner having a body arranged externally to the room and a body arranged inside the room, as shown in FIG. 7 by way of example.
  • first and second chambers are spaced apart and each chamber has its own casing separate from the casing of the other chamber.
  • the two chambers are connected together only by a conduit 25 wherein the refrigerant fluid flows.
  • Each chamber is then provided with an evaporator and with a safety zone.
  • Each chamber is therefore “washed”, as explained above, by means of an air flow generated for removing possible gas pockets.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for air conditioning with a refrigerant fluid which is not harmful to at least the ozone layer.
  • a refrigerant fluid which is defined by a coolant belonging to the class of hydrocarbons, in particular a mixture of hydrocarbons or a hydrocarbon such as propane.
  • the method consists in generating at least a first air flow having a selected rate of flow adapted to hit for a preset time all the electric and/or electronic and mechanical members adapted to the operation of an air conditioner.
  • the compressor is activated only at the end of the preset time wherein the air flow is generated, and at the same time of the safety and control systems of the conditioner.
  • At least a second air flow can be generated if desired, with a different direction with respect to the first one, in order to dissolve any minimum or maximum concentrations of the coolant falling within the flammable limits.
  • the ventilator of the evaporator and/or condenser is activated.
  • the ventilator generates an air flow adapted to remove any gas pockets that may have formed inside the conditioner body (FIGs. 1, 2, 3).
  • a second ventilator of the condenser and/or evaporator is activated as well as a timer for expelling any gas pocket formed inside the machine (FIGs. 4, 5, 6).
  • the timer activates the compressor with the control and safety systems and the air conditioner can operate in absolute safety even if a pure hydrocarbon, for example propane, is used as refrigerant fluid.
  • a pure hydrocarbon for example propane
  • the ventilator of the condenser and/or evaporator is stopped together with the compressor and the control and safety systems.
  • the main switch is then turned to the off position in order to stop also the first ventilator of the evaporator and possibly to open the delivery apertures for rendering the air conditioner absolutely safe regardless whether it remains idle for long or short periods of time.
  • the apparatus and the method according to the invention are particularly advantageous in allowing to use a pure hydrocarbon, such as propane, as refrigerant fluid in an air conditioner and at the same time ensuring maximum safety of the air conditioner in any working condition at any temperature and pressure.
  • a pure hydrocarbon such as propane
  • Such an air conditioner has an equal or superior efficiency with respect to the conventional air conditioners and has a lower cost still having no potential negative effect on the ozone layer and no potential greenhouse effect.
  • the materials employed, as well as the dimensions, may be any according to the specific needs and the state of the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Klimaanlage, die ein mindestens nicht die Ozonschicht gefährdendes Kühlmittel einsetzt, bestehend aus einem Kühlmittelskompressor (2), mindestens einem ersten Kondensator (20), einem Drosselungsglied und einem Verdampfer (3) für das besagte Kühlmittel, sowie mindestens einem ersten Ventilator zur Erzeugung eines Luftstroms und elektrischen und/oder elektronischen, sowie mechanischen Mitteln, die geeignet sind, den Ventilator zu betreiben, wobei besagtes Kühlmittel ein zur Klasse der Kohlenwasserstoffen gehörender Kühlträger ist, keine negativen Auswirkungen auf die Ozonschicht hat und nicht zum Treibhauseffekt beiträgt, wobei das Kühlmittel Flammbarkeitsgrenzen aufweist, die jeweils als solche Kühlträgerskonzentration zwischen einem minimalen bzw. maximalen Wert bestimmt werden, die geeignet ist, die Flamme durch ein Gemisch vom besagten Kühlträger mit Luft unter vorgegebenen Temperatur- und Druckbedingungen verbreiten zu lassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass selbige mindestens eine die besagten elektrischen und/oder elektronischen, zum Betrieb der Anlage geeigneten Glieder enthaltende Kammer (6) aufweist, wobei durch die besagte Kammer vor der Inbetriebnahme der Klimaanlage ein von mindestens dem besagten Ventilator erzeugter Luftstrom läuft, um die gegebenfalls zwischen die besagten Flammbarkeitsgrenzen fallende Konzentration des besagten Kühlträgers herauszublasen.
  2. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1, die ein mindestens nicht die Ozonschicht gefährdendes Kühlmittel einsetzt, dadurch gekenntzeichnet, dass sie mindestens eine zweite, die elektrischen und/oder elektronischen zum Betrieb der Anlage geeigneten Glieder umfassende Kammer (10) aufweist, wobei durch die besagten ersten und zweiten Kammer vor der Inbetriebnahme der Klimaanlage ein erster sowie ein zweiter vom jeweils ersten und zweiten Ventilator (4, 15) erzeugten Luftstrom läuft, um die gegebenfalls zwischen die besagten Flammbarkeitsgrenzen fallende Konzentration des besagten Kühlträgers herauszublasen.
  3. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (7, 8) umfasst, um bei Stillstand die besagte zwischen die besagten Flammbarkeitsgrenzen fallende Kühlträgerkonzentration zu beseitigen.
  4. Klimaanlage nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte erste Kammer ein getrenntes Gehäuse hat, welches im Abstand von dem Gehäuse der zweiten Kammer liegt.
  5. Klimaanlage nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens einen zweiten Kondensator umfasset, wobei der besagte erste und zweite Kondensator durch Wasser und/oder Luft gekühlt wird.
  6. Klimaanlage nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der besagte Kühlträger aus Kohlenwasserstoff oder einem Gemisch aus Kohlenwasserstoffen besteht.
  7. Methode zur Luftkühlung mit einem mindestens nicht die Ozonschicht gefährdendes Kühlmittel, wobei besagtes Kühlmittel ein zur Klasse der Kohlenwasserstoffen gehörender Kühlträger ist, keine negativen Auswirkungen auf die Ozonschicht hat und nicht zum Treibhauseffekt beiträgt, wobei das Kühlmittel Flammbarkeitsgrenzen aufweist, die jeweils als solche Kühlträgerskonzentration zwischen einem minimalen bzw. maximalen Wert bestimmt werden, die geeignet ist, die Flamme durch ein Gemisch vom besagten Kühlträger mit Luft unter vorgegebenen Temperatur- und Druckbedingungen verbreiten zu lassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie die folgenden Stufen: Erzeugung mindestens eines ersten Luftstroms mit einem gewählten Durchfluss, der während eines vorgegebenen Zeitraums geeignet ist, sämtliche elektrischen und/oder elektronischen sowie mechanischen zum Betrieb einer Klimaanlage geeignete Glieder zu beaufschlagen, um die gegebenfalls zwischen die besagten Flammbarkeitsgrenzen fallende Konzentration des besagten Kühlträgers zu lösen, und einen Kompressor der besagten Klimaanlage am Ende des vorgegebenen Zeitraums und die Kompressorssicherheits- und -steurungssysteme zu anlassen.
  8. Methode nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Erzeugung des besagten Luftstroms und vor dem Anlassen des Kompressors, mindestens ein zweiter Luftstrom erzeugt wird, der eine andere Richtung als diejenige des ersten Luftstroms aufweist, wobei der besagte Luftstrom geeignet ist, irgendwelche zwischen die besagten Flammbarkeitsgrenzen fallende, minimale oder maximale Konzentration des besagten Kühlträgers zu lösen.
  9. Methode nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Stillstand der Klimaanlage Beseitigungsmittel für irgendwelche zwischen die besagten Flammbarkeitsgrenzen fallende, minimale oder maximale Konzentration des besagten Kühlträgers angelassen werden.
  10. Methode nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlträger aus reinem Kohlenwasserstoff besteht.
EP96101582A 1995-02-07 1996-02-05 Verfahren und Anlage zur Klimatisierung mit wenigstens für die Ozonschicht unschädlicher Kühlflüssigkeit Expired - Lifetime EP0726430B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI950214 1995-02-07
ITMI950214A IT1275221B (it) 1995-02-07 1995-02-07 Apparecchiatura e procedimento per il condizionamento di aria con un fluido frigorigeno non nocivo almeno all'ozono stratosferico

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0726430A2 EP0726430A2 (de) 1996-08-14
EP0726430A3 EP0726430A3 (de) 1997-11-26
EP0726430B1 true EP0726430B1 (de) 2002-07-17

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EP96101582A Expired - Lifetime EP0726430B1 (de) 1995-02-07 1996-02-05 Verfahren und Anlage zur Klimatisierung mit wenigstens für die Ozonschicht unschädlicher Kühlflüssigkeit

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0726430B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE220787T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69622294T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0726430T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2179896T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1275221B (de)
PT (1) PT726430E (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7269962B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2007-09-18 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Cooling medium compressor arrangement

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009029392A1 (de) * 2009-09-11 2011-03-24 WESKA Kälteanlagen GmbH Explosionsgeschützte Kälteanlage mit brennbarem Kältemittel
JP6272149B2 (ja) * 2014-06-03 2018-01-31 三菱電機株式会社 空気調和装置
JP6915959B2 (ja) * 2015-08-05 2021-08-11 ダイキン工業株式会社 放電装置を備えた室内機
JP6733145B2 (ja) * 2015-09-30 2020-07-29 ダイキン工業株式会社 水熱交換器収容ユニット
DE102019121496A1 (de) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-24 Vaillant Gmbh Sicherheitsspülvorrichtung für eine Wärmepumpe
EP3712531A1 (de) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-23 Vaillant GmbH Sicherheitsspülvorrichtung für eine wärmepumpe
DE102019119871A1 (de) * 2019-07-23 2021-01-28 Vaillant Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Belüftung einer Wärmepumpe

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX9305243A (es) * 1992-08-31 1994-02-28 Gary Lindgren Refrigerante y metodo para su uso en sistemas de refrigeracion.
DE4318271A1 (de) * 1993-06-02 1994-12-08 Miele & Cie Kühlschrank, insbesondere Haushaltkühlschrank mit Sicherheitseinrichtung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7269962B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2007-09-18 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Cooling medium compressor arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0726430T3 (da) 2002-11-11
IT1275221B (it) 1997-07-31
ITMI950214A0 (it) 1995-02-07
ES2179896T3 (es) 2003-02-01
DE69622294T2 (de) 2003-03-06
DE69622294D1 (de) 2002-08-22
EP0726430A2 (de) 1996-08-14
EP0726430A3 (de) 1997-11-26
ATE220787T1 (de) 2002-08-15
PT726430E (pt) 2002-12-31
ITMI950214A1 (it) 1996-08-07

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