EP0721106A2 - Verbesserter geschalteter Reluktanzgeschwindigkeitssensor - Google Patents

Verbesserter geschalteter Reluktanzgeschwindigkeitssensor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0721106A2
EP0721106A2 EP95402827A EP95402827A EP0721106A2 EP 0721106 A2 EP0721106 A2 EP 0721106A2 EP 95402827 A EP95402827 A EP 95402827A EP 95402827 A EP95402827 A EP 95402827A EP 0721106 A2 EP0721106 A2 EP 0721106A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnet
sensor
set forth
teeth
rotating element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95402827A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0721106B1 (de
EP0721106A3 (de
Inventor
James D. Seefeldt
Timothy C. Ausavich
Jeffrey J. Bloom
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SSI Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
SSI Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SSI Technologies LLC filed Critical SSI Technologies LLC
Publication of EP0721106A2 publication Critical patent/EP0721106A2/de
Publication of EP0721106A3 publication Critical patent/EP0721106A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0721106B1 publication Critical patent/EP0721106B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/443—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/488—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by variable reluctance detectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a speed sensor for detecting the angular velocity of a rotating element and particularly to switched reluctance speed sensors.
  • a speed sensor to detect the angular velocity of rotating elements in the bearing assembly or transmission of a vehicle such as a truck or an automobile.
  • the sensor is mounted in each bearing assembly of the vehicle.
  • the bearing assemblies typically include an inner bearing race and an outer bearing race.
  • the bearing races rotate relative to one another and the speed sensor is mounted within the bearing assembly to measure the angular or rotational speed of the rotating element of the bearing assembly relative to the fixed element.
  • Various types of wheel speed sensors are known in the art.
  • the senor includes a coil and a magnet mounted on one of the bearing races and a tone wheel mounted on the other of the bearing races.
  • the magnet generates a flux path between the bearing races and the movement of the tone wheel relative to the coil and magnet assembly varies the reluctance of the generated flux path.
  • the variation in reluctance causes a variation in the electrical signal generated at the coil output. In this manner, an electrical signal is created at the output of the coil which is indicative of the angular or rotational speed of the one bearing element relative to the other bearing element.
  • This type of sensor is called a variable reluctance sensor and the vector of the magnetic flux produced by the sensor is always the same.
  • a magnet having alternating regions of magnetic poles is provided to change the direction of the vector of the flux path.
  • This type of sensor is called a switched reluctance sensor.
  • the magnet is positioned on one of the bearing races and the coil is positioned on the other of the bearing races so that the coil and the magnet rotate relative to one another.
  • the amplitude of the electrical signal generated at the output of the coil is directly related to the distance between the coil and the magnet as well as to the flux strength of the magnet.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,358 it is known to position the coil within a ring having a plurality of teeth extending toward the magnet to magnetically couple the magnet to the coil by creating a flux path around the coil.
  • this construction necessarily consumes space within the bearing assembly, requires the use of a strong and expensive magnet and requires expensive tooling to produce the ring and teeth.
  • the invention provides a bearing assembly for a vehicle such as a truck or an automobile.
  • the bearing assembly includes a fixed element having an outer bearing race and a rotating element having a inner bearing race.
  • the rotating element rotates relative to the fixed element about an axis.
  • the bearing includes a sensor for detecting the angular speed of the rotating element relative to the fixed element.
  • the sensor is mounted in the bearing assembly and is connected to the fixed element.
  • the sensor includes an annular ferromagnetic ring or can having a generally U-shaped cross-section.
  • the ferromagnetic ring defines a first annular recess in the ring and a pick-up coil is mounted in the first annular recess.
  • An annular magnet is mounted on the ferromagnetic ring adjacent the pick-up coil.
  • the magnet includes a plurality of magnetic regions alternating in polarity around the magnet and these regions generate a plurality of magnetic flux paths extending around the coil.
  • Means are provided for generating a change in the reluctance of the magnetic flux path.
  • the means provided include a plurality of ferromagnetic teeth connected to the rotating element.
  • the teeth are mounted on the rotating element adjacent to the annular magnet.
  • the ferromagnetic teeth move relative to the magnetic regions on the annular magnet so that each tooth is first aligned with the magnetic regions on the magnet having a first polarity, and then, as the rotating element rotates relative to the fixed element, each tooth is next aligned with the magnetic regions on the magnet having an opposite polarity and so on.
  • a sensor By providing a magnet that has twice the number of magnetic regions alternating in polarity about the magnet as there are teeth on the rotating element, a sensor is provided in which all of the teeth on the rotating element are alignable (at a given moment in time) with magnetic regions on the magnet having the same polarity.
  • a principal feature of the invention is the provision of a switched reluctance wheel speed sensor for a bearing assembly, which sensor is designed to fit within a relatively small envelope of space within the bearing assembly.
  • Another feature of the invention is the provision of a switched reluctance wheel speed sensor wherein the coil and magnet are fixed relative to one another on the same bearing race.
  • Another feature of the invention is the provision of a sensor that operates effectively with a lower cost, lower strength magnet.
  • FIGURE 1 is an exploded perspective view of the switched reluctance speed sensor of the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sensor showing the rotating wheel bearing races.
  • FIGURE 3 is a partial view with portions cut-away taken along line 3-3 of FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 4 is a partial view taken along line 4-4 of FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 5 is an elevational view of the magnet of the sensor showing the alternating regions of magnetic polarity in the magnet.
  • FIGURE 6 is a cross-sectional view of a switched reluctance wheel speed sensor that is an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is a view taken along line 7-7 in FIGURE 6.
  • FIGURE 8 is an enlarged partial perspective view of the sensor shown in FIGURE 6, illustrating the magnet and the rotating bearing element which rotates within the magnet.
  • FIGURE 9 is an elevational view of the magnet and the rotating bearing element of the wheel speed sensor shown in FIGURE 6 and illustrating a portion of the regions of alternating magnetic polarity.
  • FIGURE 10 is a view similar to FIGURE 8 showing an alternative embodiment of the magnet.
  • FIGURE 2 of the drawings Shown in FIGURE 2 of the drawings is a switched reluctance wheel speed sensor 10 embodying the invention.
  • the sensor 10 is typically mounted within the wheel end housing or bearing assembly of an automobile.
  • the wheel end housing or bearing assembly includes a fixed bearing race 14 and a rotating bearing race 18 mounted for rotation relative to the fixed bearing race 14 about an axis 22 (FIGURE 1).
  • the speed sensor 10 includes a sensor portion 26 mounted on the fixed bearing race 14.
  • the sensor portion 26 includes an inductor or pick-up coil 30 wound onto a generally plastic bobbin 34.
  • the pick-up coil 30 is an insulated wire conductor of a selected gauge that is wound around the bobbin 34 a precise number of times to form an inductor having the desired characteristics of the sensor 10.
  • the gauge of the wire and the number of windings may vary depending upon the particular application.
  • the winding is terminated at each end (not shown) with a terminal 38 (FIGURE 1).
  • the terminals 38 are housed within a connector 42 (FIGURE 1) mounted on the bobbin 34.
  • the sensor 10 also includes an annular plastic housing 46.
  • the annular housing 46 includes a radial inner wall 50 having inner and outer surfaces 54 and 58, a radial outer wall 62 having inner and outer surfaces 66 and 70, and a connecting wall 74 extending between the radial inner wall 50 and the radial outer wall 62.
  • the connecting wall 74, inner wall 50 and outer wall 62 together form an annular recess 78 having a U-shaped cross-section.
  • the bobbin 34 and coil 30, are mounted in the recess 78.
  • the inner surface 54 of radial inner wall 50 defines a central opening 82 (FIGURE 1).
  • the sensor 10 also includes an annular magnet 86 having a plurality of magnetic regions 94 (FIGURES 1, 3, and 5). As shown in FIGURE 2, the magnetic regions 94 on magnet 86 have axially aligned poles ("N" and "S"). The magnetic regions 94 alternate in polarity around the magnet 86 (FIGURES 2 and 3). Still referring to FIGURE 2, the magnet 86 includes a radial outer surface 90 and is mounted in the central opening 82 of housing 46 so that the radial outer surface 90 of the magnet 86 engages the inner surface 54 of the radial inner wall 50 of the housing 46. The magnet 86 is at least partially secured within the central opening 82 by frictional engagement between the inner surface 54 and the outer surface 90 of the magnet 86.
  • the senor 10 also includes an annular plate or ring 98 mounted on the housing 46 to enclose the recess 78.
  • the annular ring 98 includes a connector housing 102 mounted on the ring 98.
  • the connector housing 102 surrounds and encloses the connector 42 to protect the connector 42 and terminals 38 from corrosive elements such as brake dust, road dust, bearing lubricant, moisture, etc.
  • the sensor 10 also includes an annular ring 106 of ferromagnetic material.
  • the annular ring 106 secures the ring 98 to the annular housing 46 and fixes the axial position of the magnet 86 with respect to the race 14.
  • the ferromagnetic ring 106 also provides a low reluctance flux path from one pole of a given magnetic region of the magnet 86 around the coil 30 to the opposite pole of the given magnetic region of the magnet 86.
  • the rotating race 18 of the bearing assembly or wheel end housing includes a plurality of gear teeth or flinger teeth 110 arranged to rotate relative to the speed sensor 10 and to face the alternating regions 94 of magnetic polarity of the magnet 86.
  • the flinger teeth 110 are axially offset from the alternating regions 94 of magnetic polarity on the magnet 86.
  • the embodiment illustrated in FIGURES 2 through 4 is called an "axial read" sensor.
  • all of the flinger teeth 110 will be in the process of aligning with or will be aligned with magnetic regions 94 having the same polarity.
  • the passage of each tooth over a given magnetic region generates a change in the reluctance of the magnetic flux path specific to that magnetic region so as to vary the electrical signal generated on the coil 30.
  • the frequency of the variation in the electrical signal is directly related to the angular speed of the rotating bearing element relative to the fixed bearing element.
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates a sensor 200 that is another embodiment of the invention.
  • the sensor 200 differs from the sensor 10 in that the sensor 200 is a "radial read" sensor.
  • Like parts will be described using like reference numerals.
  • the connecting wall 74 of the housing 46 includes an engaging surface 204.
  • Sensor 200 includes an annular magnet 208 having an engaging surface 212.
  • the magnet 208 includes radially aligned alternating regions 216 of magnetic polarity and each magnetic region 216 includes magnetic poles ("N" and "S") that are radially aligned with respect to the axis 22 (i.e., are perpendicular to the axis 22 (see FIGURE 9)) of the rotating bearing race 18.
  • the magnet 208 is mounted on the housing 46 so that engaging surfaces 204 and 208 engage one another and so that the magnet 208 is secured to the housing 46 by the ferromagnetic ring 106.
  • the ferromagnetic ring 106 also provides a low reluctance flux path from one pole of a given magnetic region 216 of the magnet 208 around the coil 30 to the opposite pole of the given magnetic region 216 of the magnet 208.
  • the rotating bearing race 18 of the sensor 200 includes a plurality of gear teeth or flinger teeth 220 extending radially outward from the rotating bearing race 18. There are exactly half as many flinger teeth 220 as there are alternating regions 216 of magnetic polarity. Thus, at any given moment, all of the flinger teeth 220 will be in the process of aligning with or will be aligned with magnetic regions 216 having the same polarity.
  • FIGURE 10 illustrates another form of a magnet 300 for use in the sensors 10 and 200 described above.
  • the magnet 300 is formed from a substrate 304 having a first magnetic polarity.
  • the magnet 300 includes doped or implanted regions 308 having a magnetic polarity that is opposite from the magnetic polarity of the substrate 304.
  • the implanted regions 308 are on the radial inner surface 312 of the magnet 300 and this magnet is used in a sensor such as the "radial read” sensor 200.
  • placement of the implanted regions on the axial face 316 of the magnet 300 would result in a magnet suitable for use in a sensor such as the "axial read” sensor 10.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
EP95402827A 1994-12-27 1995-12-15 Verbesserter geschalteter Reluktanzgeschwindigkeitssensor Expired - Lifetime EP0721106B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US364598 1994-12-27
US08/364,598 US5574361A (en) 1994-12-27 1994-12-27 Switched reluctance angular velocity sensor

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0721106A2 true EP0721106A2 (de) 1996-07-10
EP0721106A3 EP0721106A3 (de) 1996-07-31
EP0721106B1 EP0721106B1 (de) 2000-03-08

Family

ID=23435240

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95402827A Expired - Lifetime EP0721106B1 (de) 1994-12-27 1995-12-15 Verbesserter geschalteter Reluktanzgeschwindigkeitssensor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5574361A (de)
EP (1) EP0721106B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH08240606A (de)
CA (1) CA2163279A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69515457T2 (de)

Cited By (2)

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KR100624331B1 (ko) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-19 한국하니웰 주식회사 회전속도 센서
CN104374940A (zh) * 2014-09-24 2015-02-25 昆山腾朗电子有限公司 一种齿轮角速度测量装置

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US6948856B2 (en) * 2000-11-06 2005-09-27 Nsk Ltd. Rolling bearing device and ring with sensor for the rolling bearing device
US6414479B1 (en) 2000-12-05 2002-07-02 The Torrington Company Sensor system for sensing axle speed
WO2004008075A2 (en) * 2002-07-17 2004-01-22 The Timken Company Apparatus and method for absolute angular position sensing
US20040145365A1 (en) * 2003-01-24 2004-07-29 Carl Freudenberg Kg Annular sensor housing
KR101245196B1 (ko) * 2011-01-25 2013-03-19 주식회사 아앤시티 자이로스코프
US9377328B2 (en) * 2012-01-24 2016-06-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Variable reluctance sensor using spatially modulated magnetic fields

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US5004358A (en) 1989-12-15 1991-04-02 Riv-Skf Officine Di Villar Perosa S.P.A. Device enabling the revolutionary speed to be measured between two parts in relative rotation such as the supports of a vehicle wheel

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100624331B1 (ko) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-19 한국하니웰 주식회사 회전속도 센서
CN104374940A (zh) * 2014-09-24 2015-02-25 昆山腾朗电子有限公司 一种齿轮角速度测量装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0721106B1 (de) 2000-03-08
US5574361A (en) 1996-11-12
EP0721106A3 (de) 1996-07-31
DE69515457D1 (de) 2000-04-13
CA2163279A1 (en) 1996-06-28
JPH08240606A (ja) 1996-09-17
DE69515457T2 (de) 2000-11-23

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