EP0713736A2 - Holding device for preforms - Google Patents

Holding device for preforms Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0713736A2
EP0713736A2 EP95810678A EP95810678A EP0713736A2 EP 0713736 A2 EP0713736 A2 EP 0713736A2 EP 95810678 A EP95810678 A EP 95810678A EP 95810678 A EP95810678 A EP 95810678A EP 0713736 A2 EP0713736 A2 EP 0713736A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holding device
shell
bolt
fuselage
cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95810678A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0713736B1 (en
EP0713736A3 (en
Inventor
Erich Röllin
Hansjörg Huber
Jean-Pierre Gabathuler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
Original Assignee
Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0713736A2 publication Critical patent/EP0713736A2/en
Publication of EP0713736A3 publication Critical patent/EP0713736A3/xx
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Publication of EP0713736B1 publication Critical patent/EP0713736B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/12—Making non-ferrous alloys by processing in a semi-solid state, e.g. holding the alloy in the solid-liquid phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a holding device for inductively heating bolts made of metal alloys with thixotropic properties and holding and transporting the bolts until casting and the use of the holding device.
  • bolts or preforms made of metal alloys are known, which are produced by melting and continuous casting of a metal alloy.
  • the molten metal alloy is processed under control of the temperature and, for example, by vigorous stirring, to form a semi-solid alloy slurry which contains reverse-engineered dendritic, primary-strength particles in a surrounding matrix of liquid metal.
  • This semi-solid alloy slurry is cast into strands under the influence of stirring and cooled.
  • the strands can then be further processed as such, processed into preforms or cut into bolts.
  • the strands, preforms or, in particular, bolts can be processed, for example, by e.g.
  • a bolt is heated to such an extent that it changes into a partially fluid and in particular thixotropic state and then processes the bolt into a shaped body.
  • This processing into a shaped body can be carried out, for example, by extrusion, forging or casting. Technologies of this type have become known, for example, from DE-PS 22 29 453. Technical refinements were learned from this teaching, for example in DE-PS 30 06 618.
  • EP 0 131 175 describes a process for the continuous production of metal blanks. For the production of metal moldings, free-standing metal preforms are heated until a wide structure is reached. The preforms are free and the temperature is kept at a level at which the preforms are partially solid.
  • the preforms are transferred from a carrier device to the molding device, this transfer taking place without any noticeable deformation of the preforms and without any noticeable local variation of the semi-solid portion within the preform.
  • the transfer is carried out in particular by a mechanical gripper.
  • Another casting method is described in EP-A 0 513 523, according to which the metal melt is brought into a partially liquid state by means of a static mixer and cooled.
  • the bolts produced in this way are heated, for example, in a stainless steel container and fed into the casting chamber of a casting machine.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a device which meets these requirements and can be used for bolts, also called preforms, of any type of manufacture.
  • the holding device is a shell and the shell has a hull in the form of a tub and an end wall at each end of the hull and at least the hull consists of a high-melting metal.
  • the hull of a shell is trough-shaped, the cross section of the trough shape having a partial circle or a partial oval with adjoining walls which protrude vertically to slightly obliquely to the outside, or the hull cross section is essentially tubular, the cross section of the hull being a partial circle with a central angle of e.g. 120 ° to 210 °, based on 360 ° (degrees of angle) for the entire tubular cross section.
  • a portion of the fuselage in the cross section of the tube shape with a central angle of 150 ° to 180 ° is preferred. Accordingly, the proportion of the opening with respect to the entire pipe cross section is 240 ° to 150 °.
  • the holding device advantageously represents a shell, with a hull in the form of a tub with a round to oval cross-section and the bolt has a round to oval cross-sectional shape and the bolt is received lying in the holding device.
  • a holding device which is a shell with a hull in the form of a tub with a round to oval cross-section and the bolt has a round to oval cross-sectional shape and the bolt is received lying in the holding device and the length of the bolt is greater than that largest diameter of the bolt.
  • the bolts are generally round in cross-section, but can also be oval in cross-section or polygonal in cross-section and can have an average diameter of, for example, 50 mm to 150 mm and the length can be, for example, 80 mm to 500 mm.
  • a holding device which contains a shell with a fuselage and an end wall at each end of the fuselage, the fuselage and one or both end walls made of a high-melting metal, containing or consisting of Metals are, for example, the series of iron-carbon-containing metals, such as steel, stainless steel, Thermax steel, hot-work steel or from the series of metals tantalum, niobium, vanadium, tungsten or titanium or alloys thereof.
  • the choice of the high-melting metal depends on the material to be processed and the softening point of the high-melting metal should be sufficiently higher than the processing temperature of the bolt.
  • the shell has in particular a fuselage and an end wall at each end of the fuselage, and one or both end walls can preferably contain or consist of ceramic materials.
  • Suitable ceramic materials are, for example, Al2O3, Al3O4, BN, SiC, Si3N4, MgO, TiO, ZrO2, stabilized, such as yttrium-stabilized ZrO2, glasses or refractory cements or mixtures containing the materials mentioned.
  • the end walls can preferably be made of fiber-reinforced ceramic material or contain such materials, and the fibers of the fiber-reinforced ceramic material can be made of SiC, Al2O3, glass or carbon, for example.
  • the end walls can also be constructed as material combinations of the metals and ceramic materials mentioned.
  • the end walls can, for example, have a plate shape, disk shape or shell shape and be flush with the fuselage or also protrude beyond the fuselage cross section.
  • the protrusion of the end walls can lie opposite the shell opening and the end walls can at the same time form feet against rolling or tilting of the shell.
  • the shell has a trough shape with a round to oval cross-section and the bolt also has a round to oval cross-sectional shape, the inner diameter of the fuselage being 0.2 to 10 mm larger than the largest bolt diameter.
  • the inner length of the shell is expediently 1 to 10 mm longer than the maximum bolt length.
  • the height of the shell is, for example, 0 to 60 mm higher than half the pin diameter.
  • the end walls can be disc-shaped, for example, and the end face height can be 30 mm lower to 20 mm higher than the bolt diameter.
  • the wall thickness of the body of the shell can be, for example, 0.5 to 5 mm and the wall thickness of the ceramic material of the end walls can be, for example, 2 to 15 mm.
  • Typical examples of trays as used in practice have a length of approximately 80 mm to 530 mm and a diameter of approximately 50 mm to 170 mm.
  • the tray may have devices which allow the tray to be gripped and transported and emptied and finally cleaned by hand or by a mechanical device, and the tray may also have devices which correspond to holding or conveying devices in the heating furnace. These can be, for example, hook-shaped or ring-shaped elements or pins or bolts or the like, which are molded or attached to the fuselage or which are molded or attached to the end walls.
  • the holding device according to the invention is used for inductively heating bolts made of a metal alloy with thixotropic properties and for holding and transporting the bolts until they are cast.
  • the heating of the bolts is of great importance because the state of the bolts, i.e. its partial strength is only present in a very small temperature interval and long heating and holding times must be avoided. If the bolt is too warm, the metal alloy becomes too liquid or mushy, if the bolt is too hard, it is difficult or impossible to process.
  • Holding devices according to the invention advantageously have a shell with end walls made of ceramic material.
  • the advantage lies in the fact that the induced currents do not pass through the ceramic material, or only to a small extent, and therefore the end of the bolt is not subjected to energy from the end faces. Since the heat radiation from the ceramic material is low, a further even energy distribution in the bolt is achieved.
  • Another advantage of the present holding device is the use of a high-melting metal, at least as the material of the fuselage.
  • the hull heats up quickly and does not release any foreign substances, such as ceramic oxides and the like, from the bolts, and no foreign substances are discharged into the casting chamber with the bolts.
  • the holding device according to the present invention is used for inductive heating of bolts or preforms made of metals, such as Iron and steel, copper, magnesium, zinc or aluminum and the alloys of the metals mentioned.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of the end wall side and the side view of an exemplary holding device for bolts made of metal alloys with thixotropic properties.
  • the shell 1 has a body 2 and end walls 3 made of a high-melting metal.
  • the end walls 3 can be attached to the fuselage 2 by welding, for example.
  • the fuselage 2 has a trough shape.
  • the inner cross section of the fuselage 2 forms approximately a semicircle 7 and on both sides of the semicircle side walls 3 are arranged vertically and parallel to one another.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of the end wall side and the side view of another exemplary holding device for bolts made of metal alloys with thixotropic properties.
  • the shell 1 consists of a hull 2 with an essentially trough-shaped cross section.
  • the hull is made of a high-melting metal.
  • At the fuselage ends 4 are ring-shaped edge closures 5, which form the abutments for the end walls 3 made of ceramic material.
  • the end walls are fixed by a seam 6 made of a refractory cement.
  • the end walls 3 made of ceramic material or also of the high-melting metal can, for example, be inserted into marginal grooves on the fuselage 2 and, for example, held in place by the spring force of the fuselage or cemented in with refractory cements or metals welded between them.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the holding device for heating bolts made of a metal alloy with thixotropic properties up to a temperature range in which the bolts are in a partially solid state in an induction furnace and for holding and transporting the bolts until they are cast.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

Holding fixture for inductive heating of billets of metal alloys having thixotropic properties and holding and transporting of the billets until casting is in the form of a bowl with a trough-shaped body and a wall at each end. At least the body is of a high m. pt. metal. Pref. the cross section of the trough is formed by a part circle or part oval with vertical or slightly diverging walls, or the body cross section is tubular, such that the cross section describes a part circle with a central angle of 120 to 210 deg., w.r.t. 360 deg. for the whole tubular cross section. Body and one or both end walls consists of metal from the series of metals contg. Fe and C, pref. steel, stainless steel. 'Thermax' steel, hot-work steel, or metals of the series Ta, Nb, V, W, Ti or their alloys. One or both end walls can consist of or contain a ceramic material pref. Al2O3, Al2O4, BN, SiC, Si3N4, MgO, TiO, ZrO2, stabilised, partic. yttria-stabilised ZrO2, glasses or refractory cements.

Description

Vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Haltevorrichtung zum induktiven Aufheizen von Bolzen aus Metallegierungen mit thixotropen Eigenschaften und Halten und Transportieren der Bolzen bis zum Vergiessen und die Verwendung der Haltevorrichtung.The present invention relates to a holding device for inductively heating bolts made of metal alloys with thixotropic properties and holding and transporting the bolts until casting and the use of the holding device.

Es sind beispielsweise Bolzen oder Vorformlinge aus Metallegierungen bekannt, die durch Aufschmelzen und Stranggiessen einer Metallegierung hergestellt werden. Die aufgeschmolzene Metallegierung wird unter Steuerung der Temperatur und durch beispielsweise starkes Rühren zu einem halbfesten Legierungsbrei verarbeitet, der zurückentwickelte dendritische, primärfeste Partikel in einer umgebenden Matrix aus flüssigem Metall enthält. Dieser halbfeste Legierungsbrei wird unter Rühreinfluss zu Strängen vergossen und abgekühlt. Die Stränge können dann als solche weiter verarbeitet, zu Vorformlingen verarbeitet oder zu Bolzen abgelängt werden. Die Verarbeitung der Stränge, Vorformlinge oder insbesondere Bolzen kann beispielsweise dadurch erfolgen, dass man z.B. ein Bolzen soweit erhitzt, dass dieser in einen teilflüssigen und insbesondere thixotropen Zustand übergeht und anschliessend den Bolzen zu einem Formkörper verarbeitet. Dieses Verarbeiten zu einem Formkörper kann beispielsweise durch Extrudieren, durch Schmieden oder Giessen erfolgen. Technologien dieser Art wurden beispielsweise bekannt, aus der DE-PS 22 29 453. Technische Verfeinerungen erfuhr diese Lehre z.B. in der DE-PS 30 06 618. Die EP 0 131 175 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Metallfonnlingen. Zur Herstellung von Metallformlingen werden freistehende metallene Vorformlinge bis zum Erreichen einer Breistruktur erhitzt. Dabei stehen die Vorformlinge frei und die Temperatur wird auf einem Pegel gehalten, bei dem die Vorformlinge teilfest sind. Die Vorformlinge werden von einer Trageinrichtung an die Formeinrichtung transferiert, wobei dieser Transfer ohne merkliche Deformation der Vorformlinge und ohne merkliche lokale Variation des Halbfestanteils innerhalb des Vorformlings erfolgt. Der Transfer erfolgt insbesondere durch einen mechanischen Greifer. In der EP-A 0 513 523 wird ein anderes Giessverfahren beschrieben, demgemäss die Metallschmelze mittels eines statischen Mischers in einen teilflüssigen Zustand gebracht und abgekühlt wird. Die so erzeugten Bolzen werden beispielsweise in einem Behälter aus rostfreiem Stahl aufgeheizt und in die Giesskammer einer Giessmaschine gespiesen.For example, bolts or preforms made of metal alloys are known, which are produced by melting and continuous casting of a metal alloy. The molten metal alloy is processed under control of the temperature and, for example, by vigorous stirring, to form a semi-solid alloy slurry which contains reverse-engineered dendritic, primary-strength particles in a surrounding matrix of liquid metal. This semi-solid alloy slurry is cast into strands under the influence of stirring and cooled. The strands can then be further processed as such, processed into preforms or cut into bolts. The strands, preforms or, in particular, bolts can be processed, for example, by e.g. a bolt is heated to such an extent that it changes into a partially fluid and in particular thixotropic state and then processes the bolt into a shaped body. This processing into a shaped body can be carried out, for example, by extrusion, forging or casting. Technologies of this type have become known, for example, from DE-PS 22 29 453. Technical refinements were learned from this teaching, for example in DE-PS 30 06 618. EP 0 131 175 describes a process for the continuous production of metal blanks. For the production of metal moldings, free-standing metal preforms are heated until a wide structure is reached. The preforms are free and the temperature is kept at a level at which the preforms are partially solid. The preforms are transferred from a carrier device to the molding device, this transfer taking place without any noticeable deformation of the preforms and without any noticeable local variation of the semi-solid portion within the preform. The transfer is carried out in particular by a mechanical gripper. Another casting method is described in EP-A 0 513 523, according to which the metal melt is brought into a partially liquid state by means of a static mixer and cooled. The bolts produced in this way are heated, for example, in a stainless steel container and fed into the casting chamber of a casting machine.

Während dem Aufheizvorgang ist es entscheidend, dass verschiedene Anforderungen eingehalten werden, damit die beste Qualität der Bolzen und des Endproduktes erzielt werden. Es sind dies beispielsweise ein gleichmässiger Zustand bezüglich des Formerhalts des halbfesten Bolzens und die gleichmässige Temperaturverteilung im Bolzen. Weiters gewünscht ist ein geringer Materialverlust, beispielsweise durch Abtropfen von Schmelze, schnelles Aufheizen, damit keine Kornvergrösserung stattfindet und ein exakter und reproduzierbarer Aufheizzustand.During the heating process, it is crucial that various requirements are met so that the best quality of the bolts and the end product are achieved. These are, for example, a uniform state with regard to the shape retention of the semi-solid bolt and the uniform temperature distribution in the bolt. What is also desired is a slight loss of material, for example due to dripping of the melt, rapid heating, so that there is no grain enlargement and an exact and reproducible heating condition.

Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung vorzuschlagen, welche diesen Anforderungen gerecht wird und für Bolzen, auch Vorformlinge genannt, beliebiger Herstellungsart verwendet werden kann.The object of the present invention is to propose a device which meets these requirements and can be used for bolts, also called preforms, of any type of manufacture.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die Haltevorrichtung eine Schale ist und die Schale einen Rumpf in Wannenform und an jedem Ende des Rumpfes je eine Stirnwand aufweist und wenigstens der Rumpf aus einem hochschmelzenden Metall besteht.According to the invention this is achieved in that the holding device is a shell and the shell has a hull in the form of a tub and an end wall at each end of the hull and at least the hull consists of a high-melting metal.

Der Rumpf einer Schale ist wannenförmig gestaltet, wobei der Querschnitt der Wannenform einen Teilkreis oder ein Teiloval mit daran anschliessenden senkrecht bis leicht schräg nach aussen abragenden Wänden aufweisen kann oder der Rumpfquerschnitt ist im wesentlichen rohrförmig gestaltet, wobei der Rumpfquerschnitt einen Teilkreis mit einem Zentriwinkel von z.B. 120° bis 210°, bezogen auf 360° (Winkelgrade) für den gesamten rohrförmigen Querschnitt, beschreibt. Bevorzugt wird ein Anteil des Rumpfes am Querschnitt der Rohrform mit einem Zentriwinkel von 150° bis 180°. Entsprechend beträgt der Anteil der Öffnung bezüglich des gesamten Rohrquerschnittes 240° bis 150°.The hull of a shell is trough-shaped, the cross section of the trough shape having a partial circle or a partial oval with adjoining walls which protrude vertically to slightly obliquely to the outside, or the hull cross section is essentially tubular, the cross section of the hull being a partial circle with a central angle of e.g. 120 ° to 210 °, based on 360 ° (degrees of angle) for the entire tubular cross section. A portion of the fuselage in the cross section of the tube shape with a central angle of 150 ° to 180 ° is preferred. Accordingly, the proportion of the opening with respect to the entire pipe cross section is 240 ° to 150 °.

Vorteilhaft stellt die Haltevorrichtung eine Schale dar, mit einem Rumpf in Wannenform mit rundem bis ovalem Querschnitt und der Bolzen weist eine runde bis ovale Querschnittsform auf und der Bolzen ist liegend in der Haltevorrichtung aufgenommen.The holding device advantageously represents a shell, with a hull in the form of a tub with a round to oval cross-section and the bolt has a round to oval cross-sectional shape and the bolt is received lying in the holding device.

Im weiteren ist eine Haltevorrichtung bevorzugt, welche eine Schale mit einem Rumpf in Wannenform mit rundem bis ovalem Querschnitt darstellt und der Bolzen weist eine runde bis ovale Querschnittsform auf und der Bolzen ist liegend in der Haltevorrichtung aufgenommen und die Länge des Bolzens ist grösser, als der grösste Durchmesser des Bolzens.Furthermore, a holding device is preferred, which is a shell with a hull in the form of a tub with a round to oval cross-section and the bolt has a round to oval cross-sectional shape and the bolt is received lying in the holding device and the length of the bolt is greater than that largest diameter of the bolt.

Die Bolzen sind in der Regel runden Querschnitts, können aber auch ovalen Querschnittes oder polygonalen Querschnittes sein und können einen mittleren Durchmesser von beispielsweise 50 mm bis 150 mm aufweisen und die Länge kann, beispielsweise 80 mm bis 500 mm betragen.The bolts are generally round in cross-section, but can also be oval in cross-section or polygonal in cross-section and can have an average diameter of, for example, 50 mm to 150 mm and the length can be, for example, 80 mm to 500 mm.

Nach vorliegender Erfindung ist eine Haltevorrichtung vorteilhaft, die eine Schale mit einem Rumpf und an jedem Ende des Rumpfes je eine Stirnwand enthält, wobei der Rumpf und eine oder beide Stirnwände aus einem hochschmelzenden Metall, enthaltend oder bestehend aus Metallen beispielsweise der Reihe der eisen-kohlenstoffhaltigen Metalle, wie Stahl, Edelstahl, Thermax-Stahl, Warmarbeitsstahl oder aus der Reihe der Metalle Tantal, Niob, Vanadium, Wolfram oder Titan oder Legierungen davon, sind. Die Wahl des hochschmelzenden Metalles richtet sich nach dem zu verarbeitenden Material und der Erweichungspunkt des hochschmelzenden Metalles soll ausreichend höher als die Verarbeitungstemperatur des Bolzens sein.According to the present invention, a holding device is advantageous which contains a shell with a fuselage and an end wall at each end of the fuselage, the fuselage and one or both end walls made of a high-melting metal, containing or consisting of Metals are, for example, the series of iron-carbon-containing metals, such as steel, stainless steel, Thermax steel, hot-work steel or from the series of metals tantalum, niobium, vanadium, tungsten or titanium or alloys thereof. The choice of the high-melting metal depends on the material to be processed and the softening point of the high-melting metal should be sufficiently higher than the processing temperature of the bolt.

Die Schale weist insbesondere einen Rumpf und an jedem Ende des Rumpfes je eine Stirnwand auf, und eine oder beide Stirnwände können bevorzugt keramische Materialien enthalten oder daraus bestehen. Geeignete keramische Materialien sind beispielsweise Al₂O₃, Al₃O₄, BN, SiC, Si₃N₄, MgO, TiO, ZrO₂, stabilisiertes, wie yttrium-stabilisiertes ZrO₂, Gläser oder feuerfeste Zemente oder Mischungen, welche die genannten Materialien enthalten. Bevorzugt können die Stirnwände aus faserverstärktem keramischem Material sein oder solche Materialien enthalten, und die Fasern des faserverstärkten keramischen Materials können beispielsweise aus SiC, Al₂O₃, Glas oder Kohlenstoff sein.The shell has in particular a fuselage and an end wall at each end of the fuselage, and one or both end walls can preferably contain or consist of ceramic materials. Suitable ceramic materials are, for example, Al₂O₃, Al₃O₄, BN, SiC, Si₃N₄, MgO, TiO, ZrO₂, stabilized, such as yttrium-stabilized ZrO₂, glasses or refractory cements or mixtures containing the materials mentioned. The end walls can preferably be made of fiber-reinforced ceramic material or contain such materials, and the fibers of the fiber-reinforced ceramic material can be made of SiC, Al₂O₃, glass or carbon, for example.

Die Stirnwände können auch als Materialkombinationen der genannten Metalle und keramischen Materialien aufgebaut sein.The end walls can also be constructed as material combinations of the metals and ceramic materials mentioned.

Die Stirnwände können beispielsweise eine Plattenform, Scheibenform oder auch Muschelform aufweisen und mit dem Rumpf bündig abschliessen oder auch über den Rumpfquerschnitt überstehen. Der Überstand der Stirnwände kann der Schalenöffnung gegenüberliegen und die Stirnwände können gleichzeitig Standfüsse gegen ein Rollen oder Kippen der Schale ausbilden.The end walls can, for example, have a plate shape, disk shape or shell shape and be flush with the fuselage or also protrude beyond the fuselage cross section. The protrusion of the end walls can lie opposite the shell opening and the end walls can at the same time form feet against rolling or tilting of the shell.

Wie vorstehend beschrieben weist die Schale eine Wannenform mit einem runden bis ovalen Querschnitt auf und der Bolzen weist ebenfalls eine runde bis ovale Querschnittsform auf, wobei der innere Durchmesser des Rumpfes 0,2 bis 10 mm grösser ist als der grösste Bolzendurchmesser. Zweckmässig ist die innere Länge der Schale 1 bis 10 mm grösser als die maximale Bolzenlänge. Die Höhe der Schale ist beispielsweise 0 bis 60 mm höher als der halbe Bolzendurchmesser. Die Stirnwände können beispielsweise scheibenförmig sein und die Stirnseitenhöhe kann 30 mm geringer bis 20 mm höher sein als der Bolzendurchmesser. Die Wandstärke des Rumpfes der Schale kann beispielsweise 0,5 bis 5 mm betragen und die Wandstärke des keramischen Materials der Stirnwände kann beispielsweise 2 bis 15 mm betragen. Typische Beispiele von Schalen, wie sie in der Praxis verwendet werden, weisen eine Länge von ca. 80 mm bis 530 mm und einen Durchmesser von etwa 50 mm bis 170 mm auf.As described above, the shell has a trough shape with a round to oval cross-section and the bolt also has a round to oval cross-sectional shape, the inner diameter of the fuselage being 0.2 to 10 mm larger than the largest bolt diameter. The inner length of the shell is expediently 1 to 10 mm longer than the maximum bolt length. The height of the shell is, for example, 0 to 60 mm higher than half the pin diameter. The end walls can be disc-shaped, for example, and the end face height can be 30 mm lower to 20 mm higher than the bolt diameter. The wall thickness of the body of the shell can be, for example, 0.5 to 5 mm and the wall thickness of the ceramic material of the end walls can be, for example, 2 to 15 mm. Typical examples of trays as used in practice have a length of approximately 80 mm to 530 mm and a diameter of approximately 50 mm to 170 mm.

Die Schale kann fallweise Vorrichtungen aufweisen, welche es ermöglichen, dass die Schale von Hand oder durch eine mechanische Vorrichtung gegriffen und transportiert und geleert und schliesslich gereinigt werden kann, und die Schale kann auch Vorrichtungen aufweisen, welche mit Halte- oder Fördervorrichtungen im Aufheizofen korrespondieren. Dies können beispielsweise haken- oder ringförmige Elemente oder Stifte oder Bolzen oder dergleichen sein, welche am Rumpf angeformt oder angebracht sind oder welche an den Stirnwänden angeformt oder angebracht sind.The tray may have devices which allow the tray to be gripped and transported and emptied and finally cleaned by hand or by a mechanical device, and the tray may also have devices which correspond to holding or conveying devices in the heating furnace. These can be, for example, hook-shaped or ring-shaped elements or pins or bolts or the like, which are molded or attached to the fuselage or which are molded or attached to the end walls.

Die erfindungsgemässe Haltevorrichtung wird verwendet zum induktiven Aufheizen von Bolzen aus einer Metallegierung mit thixotropen Eigenschaften und Halten und Transportieren der Bolzen bis zum Vergiessen. Der Aufheizung der Bolzen kommt eine grosse Bedeutung zu, da der Bolzenzustand, d.h. seine Teilfestigkeit, nur in einem sehr kleinen Temperaturintervall vorhanden ist und lange Aufheizzeiten und Haltezeiten vermieden werden müssen. Ist der Bolzen zu warm, wird die Metallegierung zu flüssig oder zu breiig, ist der Bolzen zu hart, lässt er sich schlecht oder nicht verarbeiten.The holding device according to the invention is used for inductively heating bolts made of a metal alloy with thixotropic properties and for holding and transporting the bolts until they are cast. The heating of the bolts is of great importance because the state of the bolts, i.e. its partial strength is only present in a very small temperature interval and long heating and holding times must be avoided. If the bolt is too warm, the metal alloy becomes too liquid or mushy, if the bolt is too hard, it is difficult or impossible to process.

Während des Aufheizens von senkrecht stehenden Vorformlingen nach dem Stande der Technik lässt es sich kaum vermeiden, dass zumindest kleine Metallmengen aus dem Bolzen tropfen. Dies hat insofern Konsequenzen, als dieses Metall nicht mehr für die Verarbeitung zur Verfügung steht und rezykliert werden muss. Darüber hinaus führen die nicht konstanten Abtropfgewichte zu unregelmässigen Bolzenzuständen, das heisst der schwerere Bolzen oder der Bolzen mit weniger Abtropfvolumen ist am Ende der Heizphase härter. Mit vorliegender erfindungsgemässer Haltevorrichtung gelingt es diese Schwierigkeiten auf einfache Art und Weise zu bewältigen. Der liegende Bolzen wird nicht durch sein eigenes Gewicht deformiert und die Gefahr des Abtropfens von Flüssigmetall aus dem Bolzen ist minimiert. Da kein Metall, abtropft bleibt die Metallmenge konstant und die eingespiesene Wärme verteilt sich gleichmässig auf die vorberechnete Menge Metall. Die Überführung der Bolzen in der vorliegenden Haltevorrichtung in die Verarbeitungsvorrichtung ist unproblematisch, da der Bolzen im breiartigen Zustand in wesentlichen Teilen durch die Haltevorrichtung gestützt wird. Haltevorrichtungen nach der Erfindung weisen vorteilhaft eine Schale mit Stirnwänden aus keramischem Material auf. Der Vorteil liegt darin, dass die induzierten Ströme nicht oder nur in geringem Masse durch das keramische Material hindurchtreten und somit die Bolzenenden von den Stirnseiten her nicht mit Energie beaufschlagt werden. Da die Wärmeabstrahlung des keramischen Materials gering ist, wird eine weitere gleichmässige Energieverteilung im Bolzen erreicht.During the heating of vertical preforms according to the prior art, it can hardly be avoided that at least small amounts of metal drip from the bolt. This has consequences in that this metal is no longer available for processing and has to be recycled. In addition, the non-constant draining weights lead to irregular stud states, i.e. the heavier stud or the stud with less draining volume is harder at the end of the heating phase. With the present holding device according to the invention, these difficulties can be overcome in a simple manner. The lying bolt is not deformed by its own weight and the risk of liquid metal dripping from the bolt is minimized. Since no metal drips, the amount of metal remains constant and the heat fed in is evenly distributed over the pre-calculated amount of metal. The transfer of the bolts in the present holding device into the processing device is unproblematic, since the bolt in the pulp-like state is supported in substantial parts by the holding device. Holding devices according to the invention advantageously have a shell with end walls made of ceramic material. The advantage lies in the fact that the induced currents do not pass through the ceramic material, or only to a small extent, and therefore the end of the bolt is not subjected to energy from the end faces. Since the heat radiation from the ceramic material is low, a further even energy distribution in the bolt is achieved.

Ein weiterer Vorteil vorliegender Haltevorrichtung ist die Verwendung eines hochschmelzenden Metalles zumindest als Material des Rumpfes. Der Rumpf erwärmt sich rasch und gibt keine Fremdstoffe, wie keramische Oxyde und dergleichen, an den Bolzen ab und es werden keine Fremdstoffe mit dem Bolzen in die Giesskammer ausgetragen.Another advantage of the present holding device is the use of a high-melting metal, at least as the material of the fuselage. The hull heats up quickly and does not release any foreign substances, such as ceramic oxides and the like, from the bolts, and no foreign substances are discharged into the casting chamber with the bolts.

Die Haltevorrichtung nach vorliegender Erfindung dient zur induktiven Erwärmung von Bolzen oder Vorformlingen aus Metallen, wie z.B. Eisen- und Stahl, Kupfer, Magnesium, Zink oder Aluminium und die Legierungen der genannten Metalle.The holding device according to the present invention is used for inductive heating of bolts or preforms made of metals, such as Iron and steel, copper, magnesium, zinc or aluminum and the alloys of the metals mentioned.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Ansicht der Stirnwandseite und die Seitenansicht einer beispielhaften Haltevorrichtung für Bolzen aus Metallegierungen mit thixotropen Eigenschaften. Die Schale 1 weist einen Rumpf 2 und Stirnwände 3 aus einem hochschmelzenden Metall auf. Die Stirnwände 3 können beispielsweise durch Schweissen am Rumpf 2 befestigt werden. Der Rumpf 2 weist eine Wannenform auf. Der innere Querschnitt des Rumpfes 2 bildet etwa einen Halbkreis 7 und beidseitig des Halbkreises sind senkrecht stehend und parallel zueinander Seitenwände³ angeordnet.FIG. 1 shows a view of the end wall side and the side view of an exemplary holding device for bolts made of metal alloys with thixotropic properties. The shell 1 has a body 2 and end walls 3 made of a high-melting metal. The end walls 3 can be attached to the fuselage 2 by welding, for example. The fuselage 2 has a trough shape. The inner cross section of the fuselage 2 forms approximately a semicircle 7 and on both sides of the semicircle side walls 3 are arranged vertically and parallel to one another.

Die Figur 2 zeigt eine Ansicht der Stirnwandseite und die Seitenansicht einer anderen beispielhaften Haltevorrichtung für Bolzen aus Metallegierungen mit thixotropen Eigenschaften. Die Schale 1 besteht aus einem Rumpf 2 mit einem im wesentlichen wannenförmigem Querschnitt. Der Rumpf besteht aus einem hochschmelzenden Metall. An den Rumpfenden 4 sind ringförmige Randabschlüsse 5 angebracht, welche die Widerlager für die Stirnwände 3 aus keramischem Material bilden. Die Stirnwände sind durch eine Naht 6 aus einem feuerfesten Zement fixiert. Die Stirnwände 3 aus keramischem Material oder aber auch aus dem hochschmelzenden Metall können in alternativer Ausführungsform beispielsweise in randständige Nuten am Rumpf 2 eingeschoben werden und beispielsweise durch die Federkraft des Rumpfes festgehalten oder durch feuerfeste Zemente einzementiert oder Metalle unter sich verschweisst werden.FIG. 2 shows a view of the end wall side and the side view of another exemplary holding device for bolts made of metal alloys with thixotropic properties. The shell 1 consists of a hull 2 with an essentially trough-shaped cross section. The hull is made of a high-melting metal. At the fuselage ends 4 are ring-shaped edge closures 5, which form the abutments for the end walls 3 made of ceramic material. The end walls are fixed by a seam 6 made of a refractory cement. In an alternative embodiment, the end walls 3 made of ceramic material or also of the high-melting metal can, for example, be inserted into marginal grooves on the fuselage 2 and, for example, held in place by the spring force of the fuselage or cemented in with refractory cements or metals welded between them.

Vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung der Haltevorrichtung zur Aufheizung von Bolzen aus einer Metallegierung mit thixotropen Eigenschaften bis zu einem Temperaturbereich, bei dem die Bolzen in einem teilfesten Zustand vorliegen in einem Induktionsofen und zum Halten und Transportieren der Bolzen bis zum Vergiessen.The present invention also relates to the use of the holding device for heating bolts made of a metal alloy with thixotropic properties up to a temperature range in which the bolts are in a partially solid state in an induction furnace and for holding and transporting the bolts until they are cast.

Claims (9)

Haltevorrichtung zum induktiven Aufheizen von Bolzen aus Metallegierungen mit thixotropen Eigenschaften und Halten und Transportieren der Bolzen bis zum Vergiessen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltevorrichtung eine Schale ist und die Schale einen Rumpf in Wannenform und an jedem Ende des Rumpfes je eine Stirnwand aufweist und wenigstens der Rumpf aus einem hochschmelzenden Metall besteht. Holding device for inductively heating bolts made of metal alloys with thixotropic properties and holding and transporting the bolts until they are cast, characterized in that the holding device is a shell and the shell has a hull in the form of a trough and an end wall at each end of the hull and at least the hull consists of a high-melting metal. Haltevorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltevorrichtung eine Schale mit einem Rumpf in Wannenform ist, wobei der Querschnitt der Wannenform einen Teilkreis oder ein Teiloval mit daran anschliessenden senkrecht bis leicht schräg nach aussen abragenden Wänden aufweist oder der Rumpfquerschnitt rohrförmig ist, wobei der Rumpfquerschnitt einen Teilkreis mit einem Zentriwinkel von 120° bis 210°, bezogen auf 360° (Winkelgrade) für den gesamten rohrförmigen Querschnitt, beschreibt.Holding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding device is a shell with a fuselage in the form of a tub, the cross section of the tub shape having a partial circle or a partial oval with adjoining walls which protrude vertically to slightly obliquely outwards or the cross section of the fuselage is tubular, the Fuselage cross section describes a pitch circle with a central angle of 120 ° to 210 °, based on 360 ° (degrees of angle) for the entire tubular cross section. Haltevorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltevorrichtung eine Schale mit einem Rumpf in Wannenform aufweist und der Bolzen eine runde bis ovale Querschnittsform aufweist und der Bolzen liegend in der Haltevorrichtung aufgenommen ist und die Länge des Bolzens grösser ist als der grösste Durchmesser des Bolzens.Holding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding device has a shell with a hull in the form of a tub and the bolt has a round to oval cross-sectional shape and the bolt is received lying in the holding device and the length of the bolt is greater than the largest diameter of the bolt . Haltevorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltevorrichtung eine Schale aus einem Rumpf und an jedem Ende des Rumpfes je eine Stirnwand enthält und der Rumpf und eine oder beide Stirnwände hochschmelzende Metalle aus der Reihe der eisen- und kohlenstoffhaltigen Metalle, vorzugsweise Stahl, Edelstahl, "Thermax"-Stahl, Warmarbeitsstahl, oder Metalle der Reihe Tantal, Niob, Vanadium, Wolfram , Titan oder Legierungen davon enthalten oder daraus bestehen.Holding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding device contains a shell made of a fuselage and an end wall at each end of the fuselage, and the fuselage and one or both end walls contain refractory metals from the series of ferrous and carbon-containing metals, preferably steel, stainless steel , "Thermax" steel, hot-work steel, or metals of the series tantalum, niobium, vanadium, tungsten, titanium or alloys thereof or consist thereof. Haltevorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltevorrichtung eine Schale aus einem Rumpf und an jedem Ende des Rumpfes je eine Stirnwand enthält und dass eine oder beide Stirnwände keramisches Material, vorzugsweise enthaltend Al₂O₃, Al₃O₄, BN, SiC, Si₃N₄, MgO, TiO, ZrO₂, stabilisiertes, insbesondere yttrium-stabilisiertes ZrO₂, Gläser oder feuerfesten Zemente, enthalten oder daraus bestehen.Holding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding device contains a shell made of a fuselage and an end wall at each end of the fuselage and that one or both end walls contains ceramic material, preferably containing Al₂O₃, Al₃O₄, BN, SiC, Si₃N₄, MgO, TiO , ZrO₂, stabilized, in particular yttrium-stabilized ZrO₂, glasses or refractory cements, contain or consist of them. Haltevorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stirnwände faserverstärktes keramisches Material enthalten oder daraus bestehen und die Fasern des faserverstärkten keramischen Materials vorzugsweise aus SiC, Al₂O₃, Glas oder Kohlenstoff sind.Holding device according to claim 5, characterized in that the end walls contain or consist of fiber-reinforced ceramic material and the fibers of the fiber-reinforced ceramic material are preferably made of SiC, Al₂O₃, glass or carbon. Haltevorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schale einen wannenförmigen Rumpf aufweist und der Bolzen eine runde bis ovale oder polygonale Querschnittsform aufweist und der innere Durchmesser des Rumpfes 0,2 bis 10 mm grösser ist als der grösste Bolzendurchmesser und die innere Länge der Schale 1 bis 10 mm grösser ist als die maximale Bolzenlänge.Holding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell has a trough-shaped body and the bolt has a round to oval or polygonal cross-sectional shape and the inner diameter of the body is 0.2 to 10 mm larger than the largest bolt diameter and the inner length of the shell Is 1 to 10 mm larger than the maximum bolt length. Haltevorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe der Schale 0 bis 60 mm höher ist als der halbe mittlere Bolzendurchmesser.Holding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the shell is 0 to 60 mm higher than half the average bolt diameter. Verwendung der Haltevorrichtung gemäss Anspruch 1 zur Aufheizung von Bolzen aus einer Metallegierung mit thixotropen Eigenschaften bis zu einem Temperaturbereich, bei dem die Bolzen in einem teilfesten Zustand vorliegen in einem Induktionsofen und zum Halten und Transportieren der Bolzen bis zum Vergiessen.Use of the holding device according to claim 1 for heating bolts made of a metal alloy with thixotropic properties up to a temperature range in which the bolts are in a partially solid state in an induction furnace and for holding and transporting the bolts until casting.
EP95810678A 1994-11-22 1995-10-30 Holding device for preforms Expired - Lifetime EP0713736B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH3516/94 1994-11-22
CH03516/94A CH691354A5 (en) 1994-11-22 1994-11-22 Cradle for bolts.

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EP0713736A2 true EP0713736A2 (en) 1996-05-29
EP0713736A3 EP0713736A3 (en) 1996-06-12
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WO1997045218A1 (en) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-04 Thixomat, Inc. Apparatus for processing corrosive molten metals
US5983978A (en) * 1997-09-30 1999-11-16 Thixomat, Inc. Thermal shock resistant apparatus for molding thixotropic materials
EP1110643A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-27 Alusuisse Technology & Management AG Pretreatment of thixotropic metal billets

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JPH11208029A (en) 1998-01-21 1999-08-03 Seiko Epson Corp Printing apparatus, printing method and storage medium
DE19923369A1 (en) * 1999-05-18 2000-11-23 Elotherm Gmbh Container for holding workpiece during inductive heating in heat treatment plant has outer shell of metallic material and inner shell of ceramic material, both shells being firmly connected to one another
CN104596297A (en) * 2015-02-02 2015-05-06 苏州化联高新陶瓷材料有限公司 Sagger for calcining yttria-stabilized ZrO2 powder

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ES2127498T3 (en) 1999-04-16
JPH08209232A (en) 1996-08-13
CH691354A5 (en) 2001-07-13
DE59504732D1 (en) 1999-02-18
ATE175370T1 (en) 1999-01-15
DK0713736T3 (en) 1999-08-30
CA2162228A1 (en) 1996-05-23
AU3434995A (en) 1996-05-30
AU690331B2 (en) 1998-04-23
US5871689A (en) 1999-02-16
EP0713736B1 (en) 1999-01-07
EP0713736A3 (en) 1996-06-12

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