EP0705723B1 - Locking device for small or ordnance arm - Google Patents

Abstract

The locking device comprises a locking frame (3), a sliding breech block (7) and a shot energy compensator (9) movably connected to the block (7) and mounted with the possibility of angular movements which take place at the moment of unlocking the barrel (2) of the small or ordnance arm and which provides for transferring the compensated shot energy to the locking frame (3). The locking device further comprises a locking lever (12) movably connected by one of its arms (14) to the locking frame (3) and by the other arm interacting with the barrel box (1) at the moment of locking the barrel (2) and with the sliding breech block (7) at the moment of unlocking the barrel, thus providing for the possibility of reciprocating movements of the locking mechanism which comprises also a striker (15) and an ejector (27).

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to rifle weapons and artillery guns and affects their assemblies, in particular locking devices of a rifle weapon or an artillery piece.

Underlying state of the art

Current guns and artillery pieces are characterized by a strong shooting Setback that results in a continuous fire low hit density (accuracy). The Main assembly that setback when shooting and affects the hit density in continuous firing, is the locking device of a rifle and an artillery piece.

Ensure the locking devices used rigid when locking the barrel or tube Connection of one of the main elements - the lock - with other assemblies, resulting in a kickback when shooting leads, which is directed against the shoulder of the shooter.

Thus, for a partial elimination of the setback the perfection of the designs of locking devices a very important task.

So a locking device is widely known in the submachine gun Kalashnikov ("shooting instructions", Publisher Voennoe izdatelstvo Ministerstva oborony SSSR (Moscow), 1973, p.152) is used, containing one Locking frame can be mounted in the lock housing before the barrel with a rod connected to the gas piston and a back and forth in the locking frame and in Sliding lock rotatable with respect to the barrel axis.

There is a figurative cutout in the locking frame a corresponding lead in the slide lock available, which are used for the interaction of the locking frame with the sliding lock both when unlocking the Barrel as well as when locking are determined. There are also two locking stops on the slide lock provided to interact with the Lock housing when unlocking and locking the Serve.

At the moment of the launch, the formation of Powder gases are accompanied under high pressure a portion of the powder gases entering the gas chamber on the gas piston and moves the locking frame moving across the bar.

When moving to the rearmost position, the Closure frame the closure and brings the Locking stops of the same with the lock housing disengaged, causing the barrel to unlock is ensured.

After the lock frame with the lock the a return spring leads the two back forward, and locking the run takes place in the reverse order.

As can be seen, the locking takes place Run a rigid connection between the lock and lock housing. At the moment the Firing the shot energy over the lock housing and the piston connected to it for Shooters transfer, causing a change in location the weapon and a shift in the line of sight become what a low hit density leads when shooting.

The closest stand is also well known locking device forming the technology a rifle or artillery piece ("Parts of rifle weapons" edited by A.A.Blagonravov, publisher Oborongiz NKAP, (Moscow), 1946, P. 762), can be installed in the lock housing before the barrel of the Rifle and containing a breech frame with one running in it parallel to the barrel axis Channel in which a return spring is accommodated, and one with the contact surface facing the barrel Sliding lock, which has a fixed position at Lock the barrel and have reciprocating Movements along the axis of the barrel when unlocking perform it, a firing pin, one The striker has and in the channel of the slide lock is picked up, and a sleeve extractor.

On the mutually facing surfaces of the locking frame and the slide lock are each one inclined projection and an inclined groove.

As with the locking device described above is a pole in this construction that are used to connect to the gas piston is determined.

After firing a shot, it moves through the rod driven locking frame towards the rear end position and enters with its inclined Head start with the corresponding nautical in the sliding lock engages, grasps and lifts it, causing the Sliding lock with the lock housing except Intervention.

When the rear end position is reached, the Locking frame and the sliding lock under the effect of the return spring in the starting position back, and the barrel locks in the reverse order.

Just as with the locking device Kalashnikov submachine gun comes in the well-known Locking device a rigid connection between the slide lock and the lock housing when locking the barrel, what happens when unlocking of the run to a strong setback against the shoulder of the shooter and to shift the Line of sight leads.

Overall, when using this locking device the hit density and effectiveness of Fire control reduced.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention has for its object a Locking device of a rifle weapon or to develop an artillery piece in which by Application of new elements and a new connection of these elements with the locking frame it becomes possible some of the shot energy through the locking device compensate for yourself, which will lessen the setback and would increase the hit density, increasing the firing effect increases.

This task is performed by a locking device with the Features of claim 1 solved.

Advantageous developments of the locking device according to the invention are the subject of claims 2 to 14.

The locking device proposed according to the invention allows, thanks to the shot energy compensator in it, which is the main part of the energy of the Powder gases destroyed, significant setback to reduce and the hit density at the Fire control to increase what the modern requirements corresponds to the fire effect.

The construction of the locking device is such that this both in light Rifle weapons as well as artillery pieces can be used only by their dimensions differ.

The use of the locking device according to the invention; in artillery guns guarantees a reliable locking of the barrel without use additional solid components, as they usually do used in artillery for this purpose be what allows you to significantly reduce the weight and the artillery guns to the handgun types bring up.

The manufacture of the locking device according to the invention does not require any special equipment and no application of expensive materials what locking devices of this type are suitable for production makes.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 eine Verriegelungseinrichtung einer Schützenwaffe oder eines Artilleriegeschützes mit einem im Schussenergie-Ausgleicher ausgeführten Vorsprung in der Stellung der Verriegelung des Laufes (teilweiser Längsschnitt durch die Laufachse) gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 2 dasselbe wie in Fig. 1 in der Stellung der Entriegelung des Laufes (mit teilweisem Ausbruch am Schussenergie-Ausgleicher), gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 3 einen Schussenergie-Ausgleicher, Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung A von Fig. 1, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 4 einen Schliesshebel, Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung B von Fig. 1, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 5 einen Schiebeverschluss mit einer darin eingearbeiteten Nut, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 6 dasselbe wie in Fig. 1, mit einem L-förmigen Vorsprung am Schussenergie-Ausgleicher und mit einer Stange im Verschlussrahmen, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 7 dasselbe wie in Fig. 6 in der Stellung der Entriegelung des Laufes, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 8 dasselbe wie in Fig. 6 mit einem T-förmigen Vorsprung am Schiebeverschluss, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 9 dasselbe wie in Fig. 8 in der Stellung der Entriegelung des Laufes, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 10 einen Schiebeverschluss, Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung C von Fig. 8, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 11 einen Schussenergie-Ausgleicher, der eine T-förmige Nut besitzt, Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung C von Fig. 8, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 12 dasselbe wie in Fig. 11, Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung D von Fig. 8, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 13 eine andere Ausführungsvariante des Schliesshebels, Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung B von Fig. 8, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 14 eine Baugruppe der Verbindung eines zusammengesetzten Schliesshebels mit dem Verschlussrahmen und dem Schiebeverschluss (teilweiser Längsschnitt durch die Laufachse), gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 15 dasselbe wie in Fig. 14 in der Stellung der Entriegelung des Laufes, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 16 einen zusammengesetzten Schliesshebel, Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung F von Fig. 14, gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 17 einen Schiebeverschluss mit zwei Nuten, Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung G von Fig. 14, gemäss der Erfindung.

In the following, the present invention is explained by description of specific embodiment variants of the same and attached drawings, in which it shows:

Figure 1 shows a locking device of a rifle or artillery with a projection executed in the shot energy compensator in the position of locking the barrel (partial longitudinal section through the barrel axis) according to the invention.

2 shows the same as in FIG. 1 in the position of unlocking the barrel (with a partial breakout on the shot energy compensator), according to the invention;

3 shows a shot energy compensator, view in the direction of arrow A from FIG. 1, according to the invention;

4 shows a locking lever, view in the direction of arrow B from FIG. 1, according to the invention;

5 shows a slide closure with a groove incorporated therein, according to the invention;

6 shows the same as in FIG. 1, with an L-shaped projection on the shot energy compensator and with a rod in the breech frame, according to the invention;

7 shows the same as in FIG. 6 in the position of unlocking the barrel, according to the invention;

8 shows the same as in FIG. 6 with a T-shaped projection on the sliding closure, according to the invention;

9 shows the same as in FIG. 8 in the position of unlocking the barrel, according to the invention;

10 shows a sliding closure, view in the direction of arrow C from FIG. 8, according to the invention;

11 shows a shot energy compensator which has a T-shaped groove, view in the direction of arrow C from FIG. 8, according to the invention;

12 shows the same as in FIG. 11, view in the direction of arrow D from FIG. 8, according to the invention;

13 shows another embodiment variant of the locking lever, view in the direction of arrow B from FIG. 8, according to the invention;

14 shows an assembly of the connection of a composite locking lever with the locking frame and the sliding lock (partial longitudinal section through the barrel axis), according to the invention;

15 shows the same as in FIG. 14 in the position of unlocking the barrel, according to the invention;

16 shows an assembled locking lever, view in the direction of arrow F from FIG. 14, according to the invention;

17 shows a sliding closure with two grooves, view in the direction of arrow G from FIG. 14, according to the invention.

Best embodiment of the invention

The locking device of a rifle weapon or an artillery piece in one Lock housing 1 (Fig. 1) before barrel 2 of the weapon installed and contains a locking frame 3 with one in it parallel to axis 4 of barrel 2 executed channel 5 in which a return spring 6th is housed, one end of which is in the locking frame 3 and the other is fastened in the lock housing 1 (this is not shown in the drawing).

The locking device closes one Sliding closure 7, the one facing the barrel 2 Has contact surface 8, and a shot energy compensator 9 one, which with the slide closure 7 movable on the side of its contact surface 8 connected is.

The shot energy equalizer 9 is arranged that when locking barrel 2 there is an overlap inside and when unlocking the barrel 2 Angular displacements in a through axis 4 of the channel 2 and the axis 10 of the channel 5 in Closure frame 3 level take place, which is the transfer of the balanced shot energy to the locking frame 3 in a barrel 2 ensure facing section 11.

The locking device also includes one Locking lever 12, in the same axis as the channel 5 in the locking frame 3 a channel 13 for free Passage of the return spring 6 is executed. Of the Locking lever 12 is on one arm 14 with the Locking frame 3 on the opposite of barrel 2 Movably connected side and is in one by the Axis 4 of barrel 2 and axis 10 of channel 5 in the locking frame 3 extending level pivotable. In the variant described here, the arm is 14 of the lever 12 in one (not in the drawing Shown) arranged basic bore, which in Locking frame 3 is executed.

The locking device also includes one Firing pin 15, the main part of which is in one channel located in the slide closure 7, while the striking part 16 in a shot energy equalizer 9 executed channel is added.

The channel lies in the shot energy compensator 9 coaxial with the channel in sliding lock 7 in the position of locking the barrel 2.

In Fig. 1, the locking device in Shown moment of locking of barrel 2, where housed in this a sleeve 17 with cartridge and the weapon is ready to fire. To take up the floor the sleeve 17 is in the shot energy compensator 9 a recess is provided, which is attached so that its center is with axis 4 of barrel 2 in the position of the locking of the barrel 2 matches.

In this position, the second arm 18 of the Locking lever 12 with a locking stop 19 together, which is fixed in the lock housing 1.

On the side walls of the slide closure 7 are Longitudinal grooves 20 of constant height and at the Longitudinal side walls of the shot energy compensator 9 Longitudinal grooves 21 of variable height incorporated, from the part turned to run 2 to the part facing the sliding lock 7 increases. The grooves 20, 21 are for arranging the slide closure 7 and the shot energy compensator 9 in the lock housing 1 with the possibility of a back and forth Movement determines.

Is on the side wall of the locking frame 3 a clamping handle 22 attached.

The shot energy equalizer 9 represents a body represents the first end wall 23 facing the barrel 2 and has an opposite second end wall 24, whose at least with the contact surface 8 of the Sliding closure 7 cooperating section and the first end wall 23 perpendicular to the axis 4 the barrel 2 in the position of its locking are arranged. This forms between the Front wall 24 of the shot energy compensator 9 and of the contact surface 8 of the slide closure 7 acute angle α, within which the shot energy compensator 9 the ability to execute Has angular displacements when unlocking the barrel 2.

The shot energy equalizer 9 also has two Transverse side walls, with a nose on one of them (31) is designed for the cartridge supply.

For the flexible connection of the shot energy compensator 9 with the sliding closure 7 on the end wall 24 of the shot energy compensator 9 a projection 25 is provided, in which the shape of its long side walls with the shape of the long side walls of the energy equalizer in this area.

In the variant described here, the projection is 25 cylindrical, with 7 on the side of its contact surface 8, a groove 26 is incorporated is whose shape corresponds to the shape of the Is complementary. The projection 2 is left with one Gap included in the groove 26, which enables the projection 25 to be compressed.

For the reliable interaction of the shot energy compensator 9 with the locking frame 3 at Unlocking barrel 2 is a section of the Front wall 24 of the shot energy compensator 9 or the section 11 of the locking frame 3 flat and the opposite section essentially spherical. In the described here Variant, the entire end wall 24 is flat and Section 11 of the closure frame 3 spherical educated.

2 shows the mutual arrangement of the assemblies the locking device when unlocking the Run 2 shown. The shot energy compensator takes 9 a position in which the End wall 24 to the contact surface 8 of the sliding closure 7 is parallel, that is, the shot energy compensator 9 takes the second end position the pivoting with respect to the slide lock 7.

In this position, the second arm 18 of the Locking lever 12 with the slide lock 7 the side opposite to the contact surface 8 together.

A channel is implemented in the shot energy compensator 9, the at an angle to the channel for receiving the Firing pin 15 is located and in which a sleeve extractor 27 is housed.

It is on the side of the end wall 23 in Shot energy equalizer 9 has a recess 28 (FIG. 3) provided for receiving the bottom of the sleeve 17 (Fig. 1), which is arranged so that its center with the axis 4 of the barrel 2 in the position of its Interlock matches.

The outlet opening 29 (Fig. 3) of the channel Housing the sleeve extractor 27 (Fig. 2) attached to the end wall 23 so that the Center of the opening outside the recess 28 (Fig. 3) lies.

In the shot energy compensator 9 is a slot 30 for the ejector for shot sleeves and one to the Slot 30 adjacent cartridge feed nose 31 intended.

The locking lever 12 shown in Fig. 4 has the cylindrical arm 14 and the wedge-shaped arm 18 with the same trained on each end face cylindrical lugs 32. The channel 13 in the locking lever 12 is designed so that a free passage the return spring 6 (Fig. 1, 2) when pivoting of the locking lever 12 is ensured. In the The variant described here has channel 13 expanding sections at the entrance and exit on which the return spring 6 against misalignment and jamming to back up.

The interaction of the wedge-shaped arm 18 of the Locking lever 12 with the slide lock 7 at Unlocking barrel 2 is in slide lock 7 a groove 33 (Fig. 5) incorporated a cylindrical and has a flat section, i.e. form the groove 33 corresponds to the shape of the wedge-shaped arm 18 (FIG. 4) of the locking lever 12.

To connect the sliding closure 7 with the Locking frame 3 (Fig. 1, 2) are in the slide lock 7 longitudinal grooves 34 (Fig. 5) incorporated.

The construction of the locking device described above is for use in artillery guns -light automatic tank rifles, large caliber Handheld machine guns and machine guns - especially significant.

The design variants described below the locking device according to the invention can used with rifle weapons with great success, where usually the use of a gas piston is provided, which is connected to the closure frame and uses the energy of the powder gases.

To connect the locking frame 3 with the Gas piston (not shown in the drawing) the locking frame 3 with a rod 35 (Fig. 6) provided that is rigidly connected to it and coaxial with channel 5 on the side of barrel 2 is arranged.

In the variant described here is on the End wall 24 of the shot energy compensator 9 L-shaped projection 36 formed while in Sliding closure 7 incorporated an L-shaped groove 37 is in which the projection 36 under Leaving a gap is housed. Such Execution of the projection 36 and the groove 37 ensured also a movable connection of the shot energy compensator 9 with the slide closure 7, and the Arrangement of the end wall 24 at an angle to the contact surface 8 in the position of the lock the barrel 2 enables angular displacements of the Shot energy equalizer 9 when unlocking the Run 2.

In the presence of the rod 35 is in the shot energy equalizer 9 executed a channel 38 which with the Channel 5 in the locking frame 3 is coaxial and a free displacement of the rod 35 in the Movement of the locking frame 3 allows.

Fig. 7 illustrates the position of the modules the locking device when unlocking the Run 2. The shot energy equalizer is 9 arranged similar to the position shown in Fig. 2.

8 is a further variant of the locking device shown that are basically similar as shown in Fig. 1.6. Of the Difference is that in the shot energy equalizer 9 a section 39 of its end wall 24, which with a portion 40 of the locking frame 3rd cooperates, essentially spherical is, while section 40 is flat, which is one reliable contact of the shot energy compensator 9 with the slide lock 3 when unlocking the Run 3 guaranteed.

In the cylindrical arm 14 of the locking lever 12 Channel 41 for the free passage of the return spring 6 the shape of a gutter, the depth of which extends to the swivel axis of the closing lever 12 is constant and continues in Direction of run 2 increases, which is an unimpeded Movement of the return spring 6 when the Locking lever 12 when unlocking barrel 2 enables, as shown in Fig. 9.

For the flexible connection of the shot energy compensator 9 with the slide closure 7 is on the side of it Contact surface 8 is provided with a projection 42 (FIG. 10), which is arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane, through the axis 4 (Fig. 8) of the barrel 2 and Axis 10 of the channel 5 runs in the locking frame 3. In the variant described here is the lead 42 (Fig. 10) T-shaped.

There is one in the shot energy compensator 9 Counter groove 43 (Fig. 11) incorporated to is complementary. Projection 42 (FIG. 10).

In the variant described here, the channel is 44 (Fig. 12) for the passage of the rod 35 in shape formed a gutter, the bottom of which is cylindrical is designed, but the side walls are flat.

13 illustrates an embodiment variant of the channel 41 of the locking lever 12.

The variant of the described above Shot energy equalizer 9 (Fig. 11, 12) and the Locking lever 12 (Fig. 15) is characterized by a high technology fairness because the groove 43 (Fig. 11) and the channels 41 (Fig. 13), 44 (Fig. 12) can be produced by milling.

In addition, the assembly and disassembly of the Locking device simplified.

14, 15, the assembly of the connection is one Closing lever 45, which is made up, with the locking frame 3 and the sliding lock 7 in the position of the locking or unlocking of barrel 2 (Fig. 8) shown.

Such a variant of the closing lever 45 (Fig. 14) can be present in the rifle Trigger device can be applied to the firing pin 15 operated.

The locking lever is in the variant described here 45 (Fig. 16) of two parts that are symmetrical in relation on a plane through the axis 4 (Fig. 8) of the Barrel 2 and axis 10 of channel 5 in the locking frame 3 runs, are arranged at a distance that the formation of the channel 41 for the free passage of the Return spring 6 guaranteed.

To accommodate the assembled locking lever 45 are two basic holes in the locking frame 3 (in of the drawing not shown) executed in each of which a cylindrical arm 46 (Fig. 16) of Locking lever 46 is added, the other arm 47 (Fig. 14, 15) is wedge-shaped and on one end face a cylindrical extension 48 (FIG. 16) having.

Here are two grooves in the slide closure 3 (Fig. 17) 49 executed symmetrically with respect to a plane are arranged by the axis 4 (Fig. 8) of the Barrel 2 and axis 10 of channel 5 in the locking frame 3 runs. Is in each of the grooves 49 (Fig. 17) the wedge-shaped arm 47 of the assembled locking lever 45.

The locking device according to the invention Rifle or artillery gun works as follows.

The locking device is used to start the fire control with the help of the clamping handle 22 (Fig. 1) in the (not shown) rear end position set and by pressing the trigger in the in Fig. 1st brought position shown. It knocks in Section of the end wall 24 of the shot energy compensator 9 to section 11 of the closure frame 3.

At the same time, the closing lever 12 exercises with his Central part a blow to the firing pin 15, who with his striking part 16 on the primer Cartridge beats. Right now is moving the bullet (bullet) through barrel 2 while the Sleeve 17 under the effect of the energy of the powder gases the opposite side.

The equalizer 9 absorbs the energy of the shot and pivots through an angle α in the direction of Sliding lock 7 by making the balanced Transfers energy of the powder gases to the closure frame 3, which moves in relation to the slide lock 7 in the rear end position (not shown) begins.

When the locking frame 3 moves, the cylindrical arm 14 of the locking lever 12 and allowed the return spring 6 to pass through the channel 13 freely, the wedge-shaped arm 18 of the locking lever 12 moves along the locking stop 19 (Fig. 2) of the lock housing 1 disengaged and comes with its cylindrical Approaches 32 (Fig. 4) with the groove 33 (Fig. 5) in Sliding closure 7 to engage what the shift the slide lock 7 together with the locking frame 3 (Fig. 1) in the rear end position.

The shot energy compensator 9 moves at the same time thanks to the connection by means of the projection 25 with the Groove 26 of the slide closure 7 together with the Sliding lock 7 in the guides of the lock housing 1.

Detected during the movement of the shot energy compensator 9 the sleeve extractor 27 (FIG. 2) pulls the sleeve 17 out of run 2.

After reaching the rear end position, the Locking device under the effect of Return spring 6 in the starting position.

By the shot energy compensator 9 in the starting position moves, he captures with his Nose 31 (Fig. 3) a new cartridge and directs it in the barrel 2 (Fig. 1) of the weapon.

As from the description of the work of the locking device is recognizable thanks to the use of the Shot energy balancer in it, which is the main part of the Absorbs energy of the powder gases, the setback significantly diminishes what affects the physical state of the Protect has a beneficial effect. The accuracy of the hit - one of the characteristic values of the shot effect - significantly increased.

It is noteworthy that the invention Locking device used in Artillery guns is intended, one about twice so small mass compared to the current one Patterns of artillery locking devices Has. This makes it possible to work with such Locking devices equipped artillery pieces to introduce handgun types.

The locking device shown in Fig. 6, 7 works essentially similar to the locking device 1, 2.

The difference is that the back and forth going movement of the locking frame 3 the Rod 35, if necessary with the gas piston Rifle weapon can be connected to the channel 38 in Pass through the energy equalizer 9 unhindered can.

The shot energy compensator 9 is located here himself when moving using his L-shaped Projection 36 with the groove 37 in the slide closure 7 reliably engaged.

An embodiment variant of the Locking device is characterized by a higher technology fairness and has one smaller weight.

The work of this locking device is as above described similarly.

The execution of a projection 42 (Fig. 10) on Sliding closure 7 and a groove 43 (Fig. 11) on Shot energy equalizer 9 ensures reliable connection of the same with back and forth forthcoming movements.

In an embodiment variant of the locking device is the connection assembly of the locking lever 45 (Fig. 14, 15) with the locking frame 3 and Slide lock 7 intended for a rifle, in the one trigger device (not in the drawing shown) is used. This is a blow to the firing pin 15 at the moment of the shot from the Trigger device exerted, and the further effect takes place in the order described above.

The wedge-shaped arms 47 (Fig. 16) of the Compound locking lever 45 with the stop 19 (Fig. 15) of the lock housing 1 out of engagement and engage with their approaches 48 (Fig. 16) in the Sliding closure 7 executed grooves 49 (Fig. 17).

The locking device according to the invention thus has a universal construction that is suitable for the Use both in rifle weapons and in Artillery guns are suitable because they are the bulk of the the latter significantly reduced and they for handguns makes suitable.

The use of the locking device according to the invention significantly reduces backlash against the shoulder of the shooter, which is a change in the directionality of the Gun barrel practically during shooting excludes and thereby increases the hit density, i.e. improves the fire effect.

Commercial usability

The present invention can be applied in the defense industry in the production of a wide range of rifle weapons such as automatic Hunting rifles, submachine guns, machine guns, Pistols, sport weapons and others.

Also this invention can be used in the production of such Artillery guns like light automatic tank rifles, large caliber hand machine guns and Machine guns are used.

Claims (14)

1. A locking mechanism of small arms or artillery pieces installed in a receiver (1) ahead of barrel (2) the of small arms or artillery pieces, comprising:

   a lock carrier (3) provided with a channel (5) arranged parallel to an axis (4) of the barrel (2) and adapted to accommodate a return spring (6);

   a sliding lock (7) having its supporting flat (8) facing towards the barrel (2), both said sliding lock (7) and said lock carrier (3) are fixed in position with the barrel (2) locked and perform reciprocating motion lengthwise the axis (4) of the barrel (2) when the latter is unlocked;

   a hammer (15) having a striking point (16) and accommodated in the channel of the sliding lock (7), and a case ejector (27),

      CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises:

   a shot energy compensator (9) movably connected to the sliding lock (7) on its side facing the supporting flat (8) and so arranged as to close the bore of the barrel (2) when the latter is locked, and when the barrel (2) is unlocked, to perform angular motions in the plane passing through the axis (4) of the barrel (2) and an axis (10) of the channel (5) in the lock carrier (3) in order to transmit the compensated shot energy to the lock carrier (3) on its portion (11) facing the barrel (2), and

   a locking lever (12) having a channel (13) coaxial with the channel (5) in the lock carrier (3) and adapted for the return spring (6) to pass freely therethrough, said locking lever being movably connected, through its arm (14) to the lock carrier (3) on its side opposite to the barrel (2) so as to rotate in the plane passing through the axis (4) of the barrel (2) and the axis (10) of the channel (5) in the lock carrier (3) and to interact through its other arm (18) with the receiver (1) when the barrel (2) is being locked, thus contributing to closing the bore of the barrel (2) with the shot energy compensator (9), and to interact, when the barrel (2) is being unlocked), with the sliding lock (7) on the side opposite to the supporting flat (8), thus contributing to reciprocating motion lengthwise the axis (4) of the barrel (2), the striking point (16) of the hammer (15) and the case ejector (27) being accommodated in the shot energy compensator (9).
2. A locking mechanism according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the shot energy compensator (9) is essentially a member having:

   a first end wall (23) which, when the barrel (2) is being locked), passes square with the axis (4) of the barrel (2) and has a recess (28) for the bottom of a case (17) to receive, said recess being so arranged that its center is aligned with the axis (4) of the barrel (2) when the latter is being locked;

   a second end wall (24) opposite to the first one and at least interacting with the supporting flat (8) of the sliding lock (7), a portion of said supporting flat is square with the axis (4) of the barrel (2) when the latter is being locked, so as to establish an acute angle (alpha) with the supporting flat (8) of the sliding lock (7),

   two transverse side walls, one of which has a projection (31) for feeding the cartridges; and

   two longitudinal side walls provided with longitudinal slots (21) adapted for installation in the receiver (1) and being variable in height which increases from the first to the second end walls (23, 24).
3. A locking mechanism according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that with a view to receiving the striking point (16) of the hammer (15) and the case ejector (27), provision is made in the shot energy compensator (9) for two channels arranged in an angular position with respect to each other, the first one of said channels being coaxial with the channel in the sliding lock (7), when the barrel (2) is being locked, and has an outlet hole whose center is aligned with the center of the recess (28), while the second channel has an outlet hole (29) with its center located outside the recess (28).
4. A locking mechanism as claimed in claim 2 or 3, CHARACTERIZED in that the second end wall (24) of the shot energy compensator (9) has a projection (25, 36), and the sliding lock (7) has a slot (26, 37) located on the side facing the supporting flat (8), said slot having a mirror-opposed shape with respect to that of the projection (25, 36) and wherein the latter is arranged in a spaced-apart relation, while the shaped of the longitudinal side faces of the projection (25, 36) corresponds in said zone to the shape of the longitudinal side walls of the shot energy compensator (9).
5. A locking mechanism as claimed in claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the projection (25) is cylinder-shaped.
6. A locking mechanism as claimed in claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the projection (36) is L-shaped.
7. A locking mechanism as claimed in claim 2 or 3, CHARACTERIZED in that a projection (42) is provided on the sliding lock (7) on its side facing the supporting flat (8), said projection being arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane passing through the axis (4) of the barrel (2) and the axis (10) of the channel (5) in the lock carrier (3), while the second end wall (24) of the shot energy compensator (9) has a slot (43) mirror-opposed to the shape of the projection (42), the latter being in a spaced-apart relation with the slot (42).
8. A locking mechanism as claimed in claim 7, CHARACTERIZED in that the projection (42) is T-shaped.
9. A locking mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 7, CHARACTERIZED in that one of the portions (11) of the second end wall (24) of the shot energy compensator (9) and the lock carrier (3) interacting with each other during transmission of the compensated shot energy is flat, and the other one, is essentially spherical.
10. A locking mechanism as claimed in any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that a rod (35) arranged coaxially with the channel (5) in the lock carrier (3) is rigidly coupled to the latter on the side of the portion (11) interacting the shot energy compensator (9), and a the latter has a channel (38, 44) coaxial with the rod (35), said rod being in a spaced-apart relation with said channel.
11. A locking mechanism as claimed in claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the channel (38) in the shot energy compensator (9) is cylinder-shaped and has a flared-out portion on the side facing the lock carrier (3).
12. A locking mechanism as claimed in claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the channel (44) in the shot energy compensator (9) is shaped as a groove having a cylindrical bottom.
13. A locking mechanism as claimed in any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that for a movable connection of the locking lever (12) with the lock carrier (3) a blind hole is provided in the latter, adapted to accept the cylindrical arm (14) of the locking lever (12), while the other arm (18) thereof is wedge-shaped and has a cylindrical lug (32) at each end thereof, while the sliding lock (7) has a slot (33) located on the side opposite to the supporting flat (8) and having the shaped corresponding to that of the wedge-shaped arm (18) of the locking lever (12).
14. A locking mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, CHARACTERIZED in that a locking lever (45) is made up of two pieces arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane passing through the axis (4) of the barrel (2) and the axis (10) of the channel (5) in the lock carrier (3) and spaced apart a distance large enough to establish a channel (41) the return spring (6) to pass freely therealong, and that the lock carrier (3) has two coaxial blind holes, each adapted to receive a cylindrical arm (46) of the sectional locking lever (45), the other arm (47) of said lever is wedge-shaped and has a cylindrical projection (48) at one of its ends, two slots (49) being provided in the sliding lock (7), each of which accommodates the wedge-shaped arm (47) of the sectional locking lever (45).

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