EP2157393B1 - Automatic pistol - Google Patents

Automatic pistol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2157393B1
EP2157393B1 EP08767024.6A EP08767024A EP2157393B1 EP 2157393 B1 EP2157393 B1 EP 2157393B1 EP 08767024 A EP08767024 A EP 08767024A EP 2157393 B1 EP2157393 B1 EP 2157393B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
breech
barrel
carriage
gas
closure
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EP08767024.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2157393A4 (en
EP2157393A1 (en
Inventor
Victor Anatolevich Kaminsky
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Hans Wrage and Co GmbH
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Hans Wrage and Co GmbH
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Priority to SI200831308T priority Critical patent/SI2157393T1/en
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Publication of EP2157393A4 publication Critical patent/EP2157393A4/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F41A5/20—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated using a gas piston arranged concentrically around the barrel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F41A5/26—Arrangements or systems for bleeding the gas from the barrel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • F41C3/00—Pistols, e.g. revolvers

Definitions

  • the invention described here relates to the construction of firearms, in particular the construction of automatic firearms, which are reloaded by the discharge of the powder gases (gas pressure loader).
  • the carabiner S (Simonov self-loading carbine) is a self-loading firearm whose main components include a fixed barrel with a gas sampling device consisting of a gas chamber, a gas pipe, a gas piston and a sprung gas rod, and a lock housing with a locking lug.
  • the shutter of a self-loading firearm includes a bolt carrier and a catch with a leading edge.
  • the closure is closed by the guide of the rear end of the closure piece behind the locking lug of the closure housing ( Instructions for the handling of firearms, military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow 1973, pages 180-188 ).
  • a carabiner S includes its complicated construction, which is due to the long and massive closure housing and a long closure piece.
  • the locking lug is much lower than the axis of the gun barrel and at a large distance from the rear end, whereby the cartridge case and the closure piece are moved at the firing, which affects the hit density.
  • the technical solution presented here is most similar to the construction of the automatic firearms, which include a stationary barrel, a striker, a barrel extractor, a closure frame, a sprung gas scavenger with a gas piston and a gas chamber, a firing trigger and a magazine.
  • the movable closure frame is firmly connected to the sprung gas piston.
  • the nut has an opening for the projectile. It is firmly connected to the barrel and is located in front of the muzzle.
  • the cock lies horizontally under the lock.
  • In the rear part of the faucet is a locking lug which locks the lock (Patent RF No. 2156938, MPK 8 E41A9 / 00, F41 C3 / 00, F41A5 / 18, published on 27.09.2000).
  • the disadvantage of the automatic firearm described above is insufficient reliability of the gas sampling device. As the projectile emerges from the orifice nut, the gas pressure in the gas chamber drops very rapidly because a large amount of powder gases escapes through the orifice whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the barrel.
  • the gases only briefly press against the gas piston, which is not sufficient for its safe function.
  • the external dimensions of the firearm are increased by the use of the gas sampling device under the gun barrel.
  • the parts of the closure frame, the faucet and the tap axis must be very solid and robust, which complicates the design of the firearm and makes their production more difficult.
  • the placement of the locking mechanism much deeper than the axis of the gun barrel increases the risk of the closure being displaced upon firing and the cartridge sheath expanding and clamping. This affects the reliability of the firearm and the hit density.
  • the hit density is also deteriorated because the locking lug is much lower than the axis of the rifle barrel and at a large distance from the rear end, whereby the closure piece and the cartridge case are moved at the firing.
  • the transmission of the movement of the gas piston The closure is accomplished using the closure frame and a transverse pin, which complicates the design of the firearm.
  • DE 198 36 964 C1 discloses a gun with fixed barrel, closure, closure frame, gas sampling device, closure slide, the barrel being equipped with an end piece located at the rear end of the barrel, the front part of the closure being provided with lateral locking lugs located in the barrel front end position of the closure engage in locking grooves of the tail, is moved in the return movement of the gas piston in parallel, the locking lugs released via locking curves of the closing slide from the locking grooves and controlled in the course of movement of the closing slide, and the closure is moved back through the closing slide, the closing slide Has guides over which the gas piston is movable on the closure frame.
  • FR 885 725 A discloses a spring-loaded gas sampling device with a gas piston, the extended part of which forms a closure slide, and a gas chamber which is located at the front part of a barrel and comprises the barrel, wherein gas channels are arranged on the circumference of the barrel.
  • the illustrated slide generates a rotation of the lock for unlocking.
  • DE 486 902 C discloses a locking system wherein an end piece is located in the lower part of the rear end of a barrel and the front part of the closure is raised when it is moved back and in which the rear part of the closure is supported by a support on a housing.
  • the purpose of the invention described herein is to simplify the design and manufacture of firearms and increase their reliability and improve their combat capabilities.
  • the end piece, which is placed under the rear end of the barrel, the closure, which is displaced downwards in its front end position, the locking lugs on the sides of the front part of the closure and the locking grooves in the recesses on the end piece of the barrel give the possibility the elements of the locking mechanism, which must be particularly robust to position compact immediately before the rear end of the barrel.
  • This construction of the locking mechanism allows the load on the closure frame and the rear part of the closure to be reduced and the number of reinforcing elements reduced. This would simplify the construction of the firearm and its manufacture, eliminate additional elements of the locking mechanism, and thus make the construction of the locking mechanism easier.
  • the shutter can be positioned on the axis of the winding, whereby the load is better distributed and the displacement of the shutter is excluded from the axis of the gun barrel at the firing. This measure would significantly increase the hit density.
  • the bumps can be mounted in the free spaces on the sides of the closure. Their size and number can be increased, which would improve the reliability of the design.
  • the recess which is provided in the gas piston for ejecting the cartridge case, and its ability to lift the back, to unlock and pull backwards on the return movement and bring the closure forward and move downwards, creates the Possibility to use only one part - the gas piston - for generating the kinetic energy in the gas sampling device, for transmitting this energy to the shutter and for controlling the shutter - opening, closing, fixing. This would greatly simplify the design, manufacture, disassembly and cleaning of the firearm.
  • the powder gases are passed after the firing through the gas channels at the front of the barrel in the gas chamber, which includes the barrel. After the projectile has passed through the gas channels located at the circumference of the barrel, the powder gases are quickly and evenly discharged into the gas chamber, giving the gas piston a stronger impulse and increasing the reliability of the firearm.
  • the bottom of the gas chamber acts as a compensator under high pressure of the powder gases, which reduces the recoil, increases the stability of the firearm during the firing and improves the hit density.
  • the drawing no. 1 shows the longitudinal section of an automatic pistol.
  • the gas piston and the closure are in their front end position, the front part of the closure is shifted downwards.
  • the drawing No. 3 shows the cross section of the shutter frame and the rear part of the barrel with the tail. The shutter is moved down.
  • the drawing no. 5 shows the cross section of the locking curve in the gas piston and the breech of the closure. The shutter is closed.
  • Drawing No. 7 Cross section A-A of the parts shown in Drawing No. 5.
  • the automatic gun includes a stationary barrel 1 with the end piece 2 installed in the closure frame 3.
  • the gas chamber 6 includes the front part of the barrel.
  • the gas chamber is attached to the barrel by means of a screw connection (not shown), which simplifies the assembly and disassembly of the firearm.
  • At the periphery of the barrel are the gas channels 7.
  • the gas piston 8 is installed in the gas chamber. Its extended part is designed in the form of a closing slide.
  • On the side surfaces of the shutter slide are the locking curves 9, which control the function of the shutter 5, the recess for ejecting the cartridge case 10 and the guides 11, over which the gas piston moves in the closure frame 3 and the end piece 2 of the barrel attached.
  • the closure frame and the end piece are the guide grooves 12 for the gas piston.
  • the return spring 13 and the spring bar 14 are placed under the barrel.
  • the shutter 5 has a groove 15 which is located above the head portion of the upper cartridge 16 of the magazine 17.
  • the spring 18 of the magazine presses the rear of the cartridge against the shutter and moves its front part down.
  • Support 19 causes the displacement of the closure down.
  • the locking lug 20 which with the Recess for ejecting the cartridge case 10 plays together.
  • On the side surfaces of the bumps 21 are attached.
  • the end of the barrel is provided with the grooves 22 and bumps 23.
  • the closure includes the firing pin 24, the sleeve extractor 25 and the rod of the ejector 26.
  • striker 24 strikes the primer of the cartridge. A shot is fired. After the projectile has passed the gas channels 7 on the barrel 1, the powder gases fill the gas chamber 6.
  • the gas piston 8 moves under the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel 1 on the guide grooves 12 to the rear and presses the return spring 13, which is located on the spring rod 14th is together.
  • the gas piston slips off the locking lug of the latch and releases the latch.
  • the locking curves in the grooves 9 of the gas piston lift the bumps 21 of the closure.
  • the closure rests on the support 19, its front part goes up, the bumps 21 come out of the grooves 22 of the tail and release the bumps 23 free.
  • the locking lug 20 of the closure engages in the recess 10 of the gas piston.
  • the gas piston presses with the front parts of the locking curves 9 against the bumps 21 and pulls the closure 5 to the rear.
  • the cartridge case is removed from the cartridge loader of the barrel 1 with the barrel extractor 25, intercepted by the rod of the ejector 26 and removed from the firearm through the recess for ejecting the cartridge case 10.
  • the shutter 5 moves in the closure frame 3 to the rear and biases the cock (not shown).
  • the gas piston 8 After the gas piston 8 has reached its rear end position, it moves under the pressure of the return spring 13 in the barrel 1 on the guide 12 forward, presses against the locking lug 20, which is located in the recess for ejecting the cartridge case 10, and pushes the Lock 5 forward.
  • the shutter moves in the closure frame 3 on the end piece 2 and through the guide channel 4 to the front and pushes the next cartridge from the magazine 17 in the cartridge loader of the barrel 1 a.
  • the gas piston 8 is inserted into the gas chamber 6, the closure 5 reaches its front end position, the bumps 21 are located over the grooves 22 of the tail, the groove 15 is located in the closure above the top of the upper cartridge 16 in the magazine 17. Die Druck der Upper cartridge from the magazine is transferred to the closure at the height of the support 19.
  • the gas piston continues to pull forward, abuts with an edge of the recess 10 against the locking lug 20 and moves the shutter down.
  • the closure is based on the support 19, its front part is moved down.
  • the lugs 21 engage in the grooves 22.
  • the closure 5 closes the barrel 1.
  • the locking lug 20 is in its lower position, the gas piston 8 is pushed onto the locking lug 20 and fixes the closure.
  • the locking curves 9 of the gas piston 8 hold the lobes 20 in its lower position.
  • the gas piston reaches its front end position and abuts against the end face of the gas chamber. 6
  • the automatic pistol described above has good combat characteristics, is reliable and, compared to other firearms, stands out for its simple construction, which considerably simplifies their manufacture.

Description

Technischer BereichTechnical part

Die hier beschriebene Erfindung betrifft die Konstruktion der Feuerwaffen, insbesondere die Konstruktion der automatischen Feuerwaffen, die durch die Ableitung der Pulvergase nachgeladen werden (Gasdrucklader).The invention described here relates to the construction of firearms, in particular the construction of automatic firearms, which are reloaded by the discharge of the powder gases (gas pressure loader).

Heutiger Stand der TechnikToday's state of the art

Der Karabiner S (Simonow-Selbstladekarabiner) ist eine selbstladende Feuerwaffe, zu deren Hauptkomponenten ein unbeweglicher Lauf mit einer Gasentnahmevorrichtung, bestehend aus einer Gaskammer, einem Gasrohr, einem Gaskolben und einer gefederten Gasstange, sowie ein Verschlussgehäuse mit einer Verriegelungswarze gehören. Der Verschluss einer selbstladenden Feuerwaffe enthält einen Verschlussträger und ein Verschlussstück mit einer Führungskante. Der Verschluss wird durch die Führung des hinteren Endes des Verschlussstücks hinter die Verriegelungswarze des Verschlussgehäuses geschlossen ( Anweisungen für den Umgang mit Feuerwaffen, Militärverlag des Verteidigungsministeriums der UdSSR, Moskau 1973, Seiten 180-188 ). Zu den Nachteilen eines Karabiners S gehören dessen komplizierte Konstruktion, die durch das lange und massive Verschlussgehäuse und ein langes Verschlussstück bedingt ist. Außerdem liegt die Verriegelungswarze wesentlich tiefer als die Achse des Gewehrlaufs und in einem großen Abstand vom dessen hinteren Ende, wodurch die Patronenhülse und das Verschlussstück bei der Schussabgabe verschoben werden, was die Trefferdichte beeinträchtigt.The carabiner S (Simonov self-loading carbine) is a self-loading firearm whose main components include a fixed barrel with a gas sampling device consisting of a gas chamber, a gas pipe, a gas piston and a sprung gas rod, and a lock housing with a locking lug. The shutter of a self-loading firearm includes a bolt carrier and a catch with a leading edge. The closure is closed by the guide of the rear end of the closure piece behind the locking lug of the closure housing ( Instructions for the handling of firearms, military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow 1973, pages 180-188 ). Among the disadvantages of a carabiner S include its complicated construction, which is due to the long and massive closure housing and a long closure piece. In addition, the locking lug is much lower than the axis of the gun barrel and at a large distance from the rear end, whereby the cartridge case and the closure piece are moved at the firing, which affects the hit density.

Der hier vorgestellten technischen Lösung ähnelt sich am meisten die Konstruktion der automatischen Feuerwaffen, die einen unbeweglichen Lauf, einen Verschluss mit einem Schlagbolzen, einen Hülsenauszieher, einen Verschlussrahmen, eine gefederte Gasentnahmevorrichtung mit einem Gaskolben und einer Gaskammer, eine Schussauslösevorrichtung und ein Magazin enthalten.The technical solution presented here is most similar to the construction of the automatic firearms, which include a stationary barrel, a striker, a barrel extractor, a closure frame, a sprung gas scavenger with a gas piston and a gas chamber, a firing trigger and a magazine.

Der bewegliche Verschlussrahmen ist mit dem gefederten Gaskolben fest verbunden. Die Mündungsmutter hat eine Öffnung für das Projektil. Sie ist mit dem Lauf fest verbunden und befindet sich vor der Laufmündung. Der Hahn liegt horizontal unter dem Verschluss. Im hinteren Teil des Hahns befindet sich eine Verschlusswarze, welche den Verschluss verriegelt (Patent RF Nr. 2156938, MPK8 E41A9/00, F41 C3/00, F41A5/18, veröffentlicht am 27.09.2000). Der Nachteil der oben beschriebenen automatischen Feuerwaffe ist eine nicht ausreichende Zuverlässigkeit der Gasentnahmevorrichtung. Beim Austritt des Projektils aus der Mündungsmutter sinkt der Gasdruck in der Gaskammer sehr schnell, weil eine große Menge Pulvergase durch die Öffnung, deren Durchmesser dem Durchmesser des Laufs entspricht, entweicht. Die Gase drücken nur kurz gegen den Gaskolben, was zur dessen sicheren Funktion nicht ausreicht. Außerdem werden die Außenmaße der Feuerwaffe durch die Verwendung der Gasentnahmevorrichtung unter dem Gewehrlauf vergrößert. Die Teile des Verschlussrahmens, des Hahns und der Hahnachse müssen sehr massiv und robust sein, wodurch die Konstruktion der Feuerwaffe komplizierter wird und deren Herstellung somit schwerer wird. Die Platzierung des Verriegelungsmechanismus wesentlich tiefer als die Achse des Gewehrlaufs erhöht das Risiko, dass der Verschluss bei der Schussabgabe verschoben wird und dass sich die Patronenhülse erweitert und festklemmt. Dadurch werden die Zuverlässigkeit der Feuerwaffe und die Trefferdichte beeinträchtigt. Die Trefferdichte wird auch dadurch verschlechtert, weil die Verriegelungswarze wesentlich tiefer als die Achse des Gewehrlaufs und in einem großen Abstand vom dessen hinteren Ende liegt, wodurch das Verschlussstück und die Patronenhülse bei der Schussabgabe verschoben werden. Die Übertragung der Bewegung vom Gaskolben zum Verschluss erfolgt mithilfe des Verschlussrahmens und eines querliegenden Stifts, was die Konstruktion der Feuerwaffe komplizierter macht.The movable closure frame is firmly connected to the sprung gas piston. The nut has an opening for the projectile. It is firmly connected to the barrel and is located in front of the muzzle. The cock lies horizontally under the lock. In the rear part of the faucet is a locking lug which locks the lock (Patent RF No. 2156938, MPK 8 E41A9 / 00, F41 C3 / 00, F41A5 / 18, published on 27.09.2000). The disadvantage of the automatic firearm described above is insufficient reliability of the gas sampling device. As the projectile emerges from the orifice nut, the gas pressure in the gas chamber drops very rapidly because a large amount of powder gases escapes through the orifice whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the barrel. The gases only briefly press against the gas piston, which is not sufficient for its safe function. In addition, the external dimensions of the firearm are increased by the use of the gas sampling device under the gun barrel. The parts of the closure frame, the faucet and the tap axis must be very solid and robust, which complicates the design of the firearm and makes their production more difficult. The placement of the locking mechanism much deeper than the axis of the gun barrel increases the risk of the closure being displaced upon firing and the cartridge sheath expanding and clamping. This affects the reliability of the firearm and the hit density. The hit density is also deteriorated because the locking lug is much lower than the axis of the rifle barrel and at a large distance from the rear end, whereby the closure piece and the cartridge case are moved at the firing. The transmission of the movement of the gas piston The closure is accomplished using the closure frame and a transverse pin, which complicates the design of the firearm.

DE 198 36 964 C1 offenbart eine Pistole mit unbeweglichem Lauf, Verschluss, Verschlussrahmen, Gasentnahmevorrichtung, Verschlussschlitten, wobei der Lauf mit einem Endstück ausgerüstet ist, das sich am hinteren Ende des Laufs befindet, wobei der vordere Teil des Verschlusses, welcher mit seitlichen Verschlussansätzen versehen ist, die in der vorderen Endlage des Verschlusses in Verriegelungsnuten des Endstücks eingreifen, beim Zurückbewegen des Gaskolbens parallel bewegt wird, wobei die Verschlussansätze über Verriegelungskurven des Verschlussschlittens aus den Verriegelungsnuten freigegeben und im Verlauf der Bewegung des Verschlussschlittens gesteuert werden, und der Verschluss durch den Verschlussschlitten zurückbewegt wird, der Verschlussschlitten Führungen aufweist, über welche der Gaskolben an dem Verschlussrahmen bewegbar ist. DE 198 36 964 C1 discloses a gun with fixed barrel, closure, closure frame, gas sampling device, closure slide, the barrel being equipped with an end piece located at the rear end of the barrel, the front part of the closure being provided with lateral locking lugs located in the barrel front end position of the closure engage in locking grooves of the tail, is moved in the return movement of the gas piston in parallel, the locking lugs released via locking curves of the closing slide from the locking grooves and controlled in the course of movement of the closing slide, and the closure is moved back through the closing slide, the closing slide Has guides over which the gas piston is movable on the closure frame.

FR 885 725 A offenbart eine federbelastete Gasentnahmevorrichtung mit einem Gaskolben, dessen verlängertes Teil einen Verschlussschlitten bildet, und einer Gaskammer, die sich am vorderen Teil eines Laufs befindet und den Lauf umfasst, wobei am Umfang des Laufs Gaskanäle angeordnet sind. Der dargestellte Verschlussschlitten generiert eine Drehung des Verschlusses zur Entriegelung. FR 885 725 A discloses a spring-loaded gas sampling device with a gas piston, the extended part of which forms a closure slide, and a gas chamber which is located at the front part of a barrel and comprises the barrel, wherein gas channels are arranged on the circumference of the barrel. The illustrated slide generates a rotation of the lock for unlocking.

DE 486 902 C offenbart ein Verschlusssystem, wobei sich ein Endstück im unteren Teil des hinteren Endes eines Laufs befindet und der vordere Teil des Verschlusses beim Zurückbewegen angehoben wird und wobei sich zudem der hintere Teil des Verschlusses über eine Stütze an einem Gehäuse abstützt. DE 486 902 C discloses a locking system wherein an end piece is located in the lower part of the rear end of a barrel and the front part of the closure is raised when it is moved back and in which the rear part of the closure is supported by a support on a housing.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Der Zweck der hier beschriebenen Erfindung ist die Vereinfachung der Konstruktion und der Herstellung von Feuerwaffen sowie die Erhöhung deren Zuverlässigkeit und Verbesserung deren Kampfeigenschaften.The purpose of the invention described herein is to simplify the design and manufacture of firearms and increase their reliability and improve their combat capabilities.

Diese Aufgabe kann wie folgt gelöst werden:

  • Eine automatische Pistole besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem unbeweglichen Lauf, einem Verschluss mit einem Schlagbolzen und einem Hülsenauszieher, einer gefederten Gasentnahmevorrichtung mit einem Gaskolben und einer Gaskammer, einer Schussauslösevorrichtung und einem Magazin. Deren Lauf wird mit einem Endstück ausgerüstet, das sich im unteren Teil des hinteren Endes des Laufs befindet. Die Ausführung des Verschlusses ermöglicht die Verschiebung dessen vorderen Teils nach unten, wenn sich der Verschluss in dessen vorderen Endlage befindet. Der vordere Teil des Verschlusses ist mit seitlichen Verschlusswarzen versehen. Die entsprechenden Verriegelungsnuten befinden sich in den Vertiefungen am Endstück des Laufs. Der Gaskolben hat eine Aussparung zum Auswerfen der Patronenhülse. Im Laufe der Rückbewegung entriegelt er den Verschluss und zieht ihn nach hinten. Bei dessen Vorwärtsbewegung wird der Verschluss nach vorne befördert und nach unten verschoben. Die Gaskammer befindet sich am vorderen Teil des Laufs und umfasst den Lauf. Am Umfang des Laufs sind Gaskanäle angebracht.
This task can be solved as follows:
  • An automatic pistol consists essentially of a stationary barrel, a closure with a firing pin and a sleeve extractor, a sprung gas sampling device with a gas piston and a gas chamber, a firing device and a magazine. Their barrel is equipped with an end piece which is located in the lower part of the rear end of the barrel. The design of the closure allows the displacement of the front part down when the closure is in its front end position. The front part of the closure is provided with side plugs. The corresponding locking grooves are located in the recesses at the end of the barrel. The gas piston has a recess for ejecting the cartridge case. In the course of the return movement, he unlocks the lock and pulls him backwards. As it moves forward, the shutter is moved forward and down. The gas chamber is located at the front of the barrel and includes the barrel. Gas ducts are attached to the circumference of the barrel.

Das Endstück, das unter dem hinteren Ende des Laufs platziert ist, der Verschluss, der in dessen vorderen Endlage nach unten verschoben wird, die Verschlusswarzen an den Seiten des vorderen Teils des Verschlusses und die Verriegelungsnuten in den Vertiefungen am Endstück des Laufs geben die Möglichkeit, die Elemente des Verriegelungsmechanismus, welche besonders robust sein müssen, kompakt unmittelbar vor dem hinteren Ende des Laufs zu positionieren. Diese Konstruktion des Verriegelungsmechanismus lässt die Belastung des Verschlussrahmens und des hinteren Teils des Verschlusses zu senken und die Anzahl deren Verstärkungselemente zu reduzieren. Dies würde die Konstruktion der Feuerwaffe und deren Herstellung vereinfachen, zusätzliche Elemente des Verriegelungsmechanismus beseitigen und folglich die Konstruktion des Verschlussmechanismus einfacher machen. Außerdem kann somit der Verschluss auf der Achse des Gewährlaufs positioniert werden, wodurch die Belastung besser verteilt wird und die Verschiebung des Verschlusses von der Achse des Gewehrlaufs bei der Schussabgabe ausgeschlossen wird. Diese Maßnahme würde die Trefferdichte wesentlich erhöhen. Bei dieser Konstruktion der Verschlusselemente können die Verschlusswarzen in den Freiräumen an den Seiten des Verschlusses angebracht werden. Ihre Größe und Anzahl kann erhöht werden, was die Zuverlässigkeit der Konstruktion verbessern würde.The end piece, which is placed under the rear end of the barrel, the closure, which is displaced downwards in its front end position, the locking lugs on the sides of the front part of the closure and the locking grooves in the recesses on the end piece of the barrel give the possibility the elements of the locking mechanism, which must be particularly robust to position compact immediately before the rear end of the barrel. This construction of the locking mechanism allows the load on the closure frame and the rear part of the closure to be reduced and the number of reinforcing elements reduced. This would simplify the construction of the firearm and its manufacture, eliminate additional elements of the locking mechanism, and thus make the construction of the locking mechanism easier. In addition, thus, the shutter can be positioned on the axis of the winding, whereby the load is better distributed and the displacement of the shutter is excluded from the axis of the gun barrel at the firing. This measure would significantly increase the hit density. In this construction of the closure elements, the bumps can be mounted in the free spaces on the sides of the closure. Their size and number can be increased, which would improve the reliability of the design.

Die Aussparung, die im Gaskolben zum Auswerfen der Patronenhülse vorgesehen ist, sowie dessen Fähigkeit, bei dessen Rückbewegung den Verschluss zu heben, zu entriegeln und nach hinten zu ziehen und bei der Vorwärtsbewegung den Verschluss nach vorne zu bringen und nach unten zu verschieben, schafft die Möglichkeit, nur einen Teil - den Gaskolben - zur Erzeugung der Bewegungsenergie in der Gasentnahmevorrichtung, zur Übertragung dieser Energie auf den Verschluss und zur Steuerung des Verschlusses - Öffnen, Schließen, Fixieren - zu verwenden. Das würde die Konstruktion, Herstellung, Zerlegung und Reinigung der Feuerwaffe wesentlich vereinfachen. Die Verwendung eines einzigen Details - eines verlängerten Gaskolbens, dessen vorderer Abschnitt sich im Lauf bewegt und der hintere Teil über die Nuten, die sich neben der Achse des Laufs befinden, geführt wird, - schließt die Vibration, erhöhte Reibung und Stöße aus, die beim Zusammenspiel von mehreren Teilen unausweichlich entstehen, aus, wodurch der gesamte Mechanismus gleichmäßiger und zuverlässiger funktionieren kann.The recess, which is provided in the gas piston for ejecting the cartridge case, and its ability to lift the back, to unlock and pull backwards on the return movement and bring the closure forward and move downwards, creates the Possibility to use only one part - the gas piston - for generating the kinetic energy in the gas sampling device, for transmitting this energy to the shutter and for controlling the shutter - opening, closing, fixing. This would greatly simplify the design, manufacture, disassembly and cleaning of the firearm. The use of a single detail - an elongated gas piston whose front section moves in the barrel and the rear part is guided over the grooves located next to the axis of the barrel - eliminates the vibration, increased friction and shocks generated during operation Interplay of several parts inevitably arises, which allows the whole mechanism to function more smoothly and more reliably.

Die Pulvergase werden nach der Schussabgabe durch die Gaskanäle am vorderen Teil des Laufs in die Gaskammer geführt, die den Lauf umfasst. Nachdem das Projektil die Gaskanäle passiert hat, die sich am Umfang des Laufs befinden, werden die Pulvergase in die Gaskammer schnell und gleichmäßig abgeleitet, wodurch der Gaskolben einen stärkeren Impuls erhält und die Zuverlässigkeit der Feuerwaffe erhöht wird. Der Boden der Gaskammer übernimmt unter hohem Druck der Pulvergase die Funktion eines Kompensators, was den Rückstoß reduziert, die Stabilität der Feuerwaffe bei der Schussabgabe erhöht und die Trefferdichte verbessert.The powder gases are passed after the firing through the gas channels at the front of the barrel in the gas chamber, which includes the barrel. After the projectile has passed through the gas channels located at the circumference of the barrel, the powder gases are quickly and evenly discharged into the gas chamber, giving the gas piston a stronger impulse and increasing the reliability of the firearm. The bottom of the gas chamber acts as a compensator under high pressure of the powder gases, which reduces the recoil, increases the stability of the firearm during the firing and improves the hit density.

Kurze Erläuterung der ZeichnungenBrief explanation of the drawings

Die Effizienz der Erfindung wird durch die beigelegten Zeichnungen erläutert.The efficiency of the invention will be explained by the attached drawings.

Die Zeichnung Nr. 1 zeigt den Längsschnitt einer automatischen Pistole. Der Gaskolben und der Verschluss befinden sich in deren vorderen Endlage, der vordere Teil des Verschlusses ist nach unten verschoben.The drawing no. 1 shows the longitudinal section of an automatic pistol. The gas piston and the closure are in their front end position, the front part of the closure is shifted downwards.

Auf der Zeichnung Nr. 2 befinden sich der Gaskolben und der Verschluss in deren hinteren Endlage.On the drawing no. 2 are the gas piston and the shutter in the rear end position.

Die Zeichnung Nr. 3 zeigt den Querschnitt des Verschlussrahmens und des hinteren Teils des Laufs mit dem Endstück. Der Verschluss ist nach unten verschoben.The drawing No. 3 shows the cross section of the shutter frame and the rear part of the barrel with the tail. The shutter is moved down.

Auf der Zeichnung Nr. 4 sind der hintere Teil des Laufs mit dem Endstück, der Verschlussrahmen und der Verschluss in deren hinteren Endlage dargestellt.On the drawing no. 4, the rear part of the barrel with the tail, the closure frame and the closure are shown in their rear end position.

Die Zeichnung Nr. 5 zeigt den Querschnitt der Verriegelungskurve im Gaskolben und der Verschlusswarze des Verschlusses. Der Verschluss ist geschlossen.The drawing no. 5 shows the cross section of the locking curve in the gas piston and the breech of the closure. The shutter is closed.

Auf der Zeichnung Nr. 6 werden der Gaskolben und der Verschluss nach hinten gezogen.On drawing no. 6 the gas piston and the closure are pulled backwards.

Zeichnung Nr. 7: Querschnitt A-A der Teile, die auf der Zeichnung Nr. 5 dargestellt sind.Drawing No. 7: Cross section A-A of the parts shown in Drawing No. 5.

Mögliche Umsetzung der ErfindungPossible implementation of the invention

Die automatische Pistole enthält einen unbeweglichen Lauf 1 mit dem Endstück 2, der im Verschlussrahmen 3 installiert ist. Im Endstück ist der Führungskanal 4 des Verschlusses 5 vorgesehen. Die Gaskammer 6 umfasst den vorderen Teil des Laufs. Die Gaskammer ist am Lauf mittels einer Schraubenverbindung befestigt (nicht dargestellt), was den Zusammenbau und die Zerlegung der Feuerwaffe vereinfacht. Am Umfang des Laufs befinden sich die Gaskanäle 7. Der Gaskolben 8 ist in der Gaskammer installiert. Sein verlängerter Teil ist in Form eines Verschlussschlittens ausgeführt. An den Seitenflächen des Verschlussschlittens sind die Verriegelungskurven 9, welche die Funktion des Verschlusses 5 steuern, die Aussparung zum Auswerfen der Patronenhülse 10 und die Führungen 11, über welche sich der Gaskolben im Verschlussrahmen 3 und dem Endstück 2 des Laufs bewegt, angebracht. In dem Verschlussrahmen und dem Endstück befinden sich die Führungsnuten 12 für den Gaskolben. Die Rückstellfeder 13 und die Federstange 14 sind unter dem Lauf platziert. Der Verschluss 5 hat eine Nut 15, die über dem Kopfteil der oberen Patrone 16 des Magazins 17 liegt. Die Feder 18 des Magazins drückt den hinteren Teil der Patrone gegen den Verschluss an und verschiebt dessen vorderen Teil nach unten. Stütze 19 veranlasst die Verschiebung des Verschlusses nach unten. Oben am vorderen Teil des Verschlusses befindet sich die Verriegelungswarze 20, die mit der Aussparung zum Auswerfen der Patronenhülse 10 zusammenspielt. An den Seitenflächen sind die Verschlusswarzen 21 angebracht. Das Endstück des Laufs ist mit den Nuten 22 und Verschlusswarzen 23 versehen. Der Verschluss enthält den Schlagbolzen 24, den Hülsenauszieher 25 und die Stange des Auswerfers 26.The automatic gun includes a stationary barrel 1 with the end piece 2 installed in the closure frame 3. In the tail of the guide channel 4 of the closure 5 is provided. The gas chamber 6 includes the front part of the barrel. The gas chamber is attached to the barrel by means of a screw connection (not shown), which simplifies the assembly and disassembly of the firearm. At the periphery of the barrel are the gas channels 7. The gas piston 8 is installed in the gas chamber. Its extended part is designed in the form of a closing slide. On the side surfaces of the shutter slide are the locking curves 9, which control the function of the shutter 5, the recess for ejecting the cartridge case 10 and the guides 11, over which the gas piston moves in the closure frame 3 and the end piece 2 of the barrel attached. In the closure frame and the end piece are the guide grooves 12 for the gas piston. The return spring 13 and the spring bar 14 are placed under the barrel. The shutter 5 has a groove 15 which is located above the head portion of the upper cartridge 16 of the magazine 17. The spring 18 of the magazine presses the rear of the cartridge against the shutter and moves its front part down. Support 19 causes the displacement of the closure down. At the top of the front part of the closure is the locking lug 20, which with the Recess for ejecting the cartridge case 10 plays together. On the side surfaces of the bumps 21 are attached. The end of the barrel is provided with the grooves 22 and bumps 23. The closure includes the firing pin 24, the sleeve extractor 25 and the rod of the ejector 26.

Funktionsweise einer automatischen Pistole:How an automatic pistol works:

Bei der Betätigung des Hahns (nicht dargestellt) schlägt der Schlagbolzen 24 auf das Zündhütchen der Patrone. Ein Schuss wird abgefeuert. Nachdem das Projektil die Gaskanäle 7 am Lauf 1 passiert hat, füllen die Pulvergase die Gaskammer 6. Der Gaskolben 8 bewegt sich unter dem Druck der Pulvergase im Lauf 1 über die Führungsnuten 12 nach hinten und drückt die Rückstellfeder 13, die sich an der Federstange 14 befindet, zusammen. Der Gaskolben rutscht von der Verriegelungswarze des Verschlusses und gibt den Verschluss frei. Die Verriegelungskurven in den Nuten 9 des Gaskolbens heben die Verschlusswarzen 21 des Verschlusses. Der Verschluss stützt sich auf die Stütze 19, sein vorderer Teil geht nach oben, die Verschlusswarzen 21 kommen aus den Nuten 22 des Endstücks und geben die Verschlusswarzen 23 frei. Die Verriegelungswarze 20 des Verschlusses greift in die Aussparung 10 des Gaskolbens. Der Gaskolben drückt mit den vorderen Teilen der Verriegelungskurven 9 gegen die Verschlusswarzen 21 und zieht den Verschluss 5 nach hinten. Die Patronenhülse wird aus dem Patronenlader des Laufs 1 mit dem Hülsenauszieher 25 entnommen, von der Stange des Auswerfers 26 abgefangen und durch die Aussparung zum Auswerfen der Patronenhülse 10 aus der Feuerwaffe entfernt. Der Verschluss 5 bewegt sich im Verschlussrahmen 3 nach hinten und spannt den Hahn (nicht dargestellt). Nachdem der Gaskolben 8 seine hintere Endlage erreicht hat, bewegt er sich unter dem Druck der Rückstellfeder 13 im Lauf 1 über die Führungsnuten 12 nach vorne, drückt gegen die Verriegelungswarze 20, die sich in der Aussparung zum Auswerfen der Patronenhülse 10 befindet, und schiebt den Verschluss 5 nach vorne. Der Verschluss bewegt sich im Verschlussrahmen 3 über dem Endstück 2 und durch den Führungskanal 4 nach vorne und schiebt die nächste Patrone aus dem Magazin 17 in den Patronenlader des Laufs 1 ein. Der Gaskolben 8 wird in die Gaskammer 6 eingeführt, der Verschluss 5 erreicht dessen vordere Endlage, die Verschlusswarzen 21 liegen über den Nuten 22 des Endstücks, die Nut 15 befindet sich im Verschluss über dem Kopfteil der oberen Patrone 16 im Magazin 17. Der Druck der oberen Patrone aus dem Magazin wird auf den Verschluss auf der Höhe der Stütze 19 übertragen. Der Gaskolben zieht weiter nach vorne, stößt mit einer Kante der Aussparung 10 gegen die Verriegelungswarze 20 und verschiebt den Verschluss nach unten. Der Verschluss stützt sich auf die Stütze 19, sein vorderer Teil wird nach unten verschoben. Die Verschlusswarzen 21 greifen in die Nuten 22. Sie werden durch die Verschlusswarzen 23 verriegelt. Der Verschluss 5 schließt dabei den Lauf 1. Die Verriegelungswarze 20 befindet sich in deren unteren Lage, der Gaskolben 8 wird auf die Verriegelungswarze 20 geschoben und fixiert den Verschluss. Die Verriegelungskurven 9 des Gaskolbens 8 halten die Verschlusswarzen 20 in deren unteren Lage. Der Gaskolben erreicht dessen vordere Endlage und stößt gegen die Stirnseite der Gaskammer 6.Upon actuation of the cock (not shown) striker 24 strikes the primer of the cartridge. A shot is fired. After the projectile has passed the gas channels 7 on the barrel 1, the powder gases fill the gas chamber 6. The gas piston 8 moves under the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel 1 on the guide grooves 12 to the rear and presses the return spring 13, which is located on the spring rod 14th is together. The gas piston slips off the locking lug of the latch and releases the latch. The locking curves in the grooves 9 of the gas piston lift the bumps 21 of the closure. The closure rests on the support 19, its front part goes up, the bumps 21 come out of the grooves 22 of the tail and release the bumps 23 free. The locking lug 20 of the closure engages in the recess 10 of the gas piston. The gas piston presses with the front parts of the locking curves 9 against the bumps 21 and pulls the closure 5 to the rear. The cartridge case is removed from the cartridge loader of the barrel 1 with the barrel extractor 25, intercepted by the rod of the ejector 26 and removed from the firearm through the recess for ejecting the cartridge case 10. The shutter 5 moves in the closure frame 3 to the rear and biases the cock (not shown). After the gas piston 8 has reached its rear end position, it moves under the pressure of the return spring 13 in the barrel 1 on the guide 12 forward, presses against the locking lug 20, which is located in the recess for ejecting the cartridge case 10, and pushes the Lock 5 forward. The shutter moves in the closure frame 3 on the end piece 2 and through the guide channel 4 to the front and pushes the next cartridge from the magazine 17 in the cartridge loader of the barrel 1 a. The gas piston 8 is inserted into the gas chamber 6, the closure 5 reaches its front end position, the bumps 21 are located over the grooves 22 of the tail, the groove 15 is located in the closure above the top of the upper cartridge 16 in the magazine 17. Die Druck der Upper cartridge from the magazine is transferred to the closure at the height of the support 19. The gas piston continues to pull forward, abuts with an edge of the recess 10 against the locking lug 20 and moves the shutter down. The closure is based on the support 19, its front part is moved down. The lugs 21 engage in the grooves 22. They are locked by the lugs 23. The closure 5 closes the barrel 1. The locking lug 20 is in its lower position, the gas piston 8 is pushed onto the locking lug 20 and fixes the closure. The locking curves 9 of the gas piston 8 hold the lobes 20 in its lower position. The gas piston reaches its front end position and abuts against the end face of the gas chamber. 6

Industrielle AnwendbarkeitIndustrial applicability

Die oben beschriebene automatische Pistole hat gute Kampfeigenschaften, ist zuverlässig und zeichnet sich im Vergleich zu anderen Feuerwaffen durch ihre einfache Konstruktion, was deren Herstellung wesentlich vereinfacht.The automatic pistol described above has good combat characteristics, is reliable and, compared to other firearms, stands out for its simple construction, which considerably simplifies their manufacture.

Claims (3)

  1. Automatic pistol, essentially consisting of a non-movable barrel (1), a breech (5) with a striking pin (24) and a cartridge case extractor (25), a breech frame (3), a spring-loaded gas-removing device with a gas piston (8), the prolonged part of which forms a breech carriage, and a gas chamber (6), a shot-firing device and a magazine (17), wherein the barrel is equipped with an end piece (2) which is located in the lower part of the rear end of the barrel (1); wherein
    - the front part of the breech (5), which is provided with lateral breech projections (21) which engage, when the breech is in the front end position, in locking grooves (22) in the end piece (2), is raised when the gas piston is moved back; wherein
    - the breech projections (21) are released, via locking cams (9) on the breech carriage, from the locking grooves (22) and are controlled in the course of the movement of said breech carriage, and the breech is moved back by said breech carriage;
    - the rear part of the breech is supported on the breech carriage via a support (19);
    - the breech carriage has guides via which the gas piston can be moved on the breech frame and the end piece;
    - the breech carriage (8) has a clearance for ejecting the cartridge case (10); and
    - the gas chamber is located on the front part of the barrel and encompasses said barrel, gas ducts (7) being arranged on the circumference of said barrel.
  2. Automatic pistol according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the cartridge case extractor at the front end of the breech extracts a cartridge case from the barrel when the breech is moved back, detaches it from the cartridge case extractor by means of a bar and ejects it through the clearance in the breech carriage.
  3. Automatic pistol according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the breech has, at its front end, a locking projection (20) which engages, when the breech carriage is moved back, in the clearance (10) in said breech carriage and, when said breech carriage is moved forward, moves the breech forwards until the breech projections (21) pass into the locking grooves (22) in the end piece (2) and are held in said locking grooves in the course of the further forward movement of the breech carriage.
EP08767024.6A 2007-05-11 2008-04-24 Automatic pistol Active EP2157393B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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RU2007119128/02A RU2347169C1 (en) 2007-05-11 2007-05-11 Automatic hand gun
PCT/RU2008/000262 WO2008140352A1 (en) 2007-05-11 2008-04-24 Automatic pistol

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EP2157393A1 EP2157393A1 (en) 2010-02-24
EP2157393A4 EP2157393A4 (en) 2013-03-06
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CN (1) CN101730830B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0811994B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2687285C (en)
IL (1) IL202056A (en)
PT (1) PT2157393E (en)
RS (1) RS53592B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2347169C1 (en)
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US20110017058A1 (en) 2011-01-27
PT2157393E (en) 2014-10-30
BRPI0811994A2 (en) 2014-11-18
BRPI0811994B1 (en) 2019-06-25
CA2687285C (en) 2014-12-30
CA2687285A1 (en) 2008-11-20
RU2007119128A (en) 2008-11-27
CN101730830B (en) 2013-07-24
WO2008140352A1 (en) 2008-11-20
RS53592B1 (en) 2015-02-27
IL202056A (en) 2015-06-30
IL202056A0 (en) 2010-06-16
SI2157393T1 (en) 2014-11-28
ZA200908846B (en) 2010-09-29
UA96192C2 (en) 2011-10-10
CN101730830A (en) 2010-06-09
RU2347169C1 (en) 2009-02-20
EP2157393A4 (en) 2013-03-06
EP2157393A1 (en) 2010-02-24
US8065950B2 (en) 2011-11-29

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