EP0704518A1 - Procédé et installation pour la valorisation thermique de déchets - Google Patents

Procédé et installation pour la valorisation thermique de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0704518A1
EP0704518A1 EP95114026A EP95114026A EP0704518A1 EP 0704518 A1 EP0704518 A1 EP 0704518A1 EP 95114026 A EP95114026 A EP 95114026A EP 95114026 A EP95114026 A EP 95114026A EP 0704518 A1 EP0704518 A1 EP 0704518A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
cyclone
gas
gasification
rotary kiln
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP95114026A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Jungk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutz AG
Original Assignee
Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG filed Critical Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Publication of EP0704518A1 publication Critical patent/EP0704518A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/005—Rotary drum or kiln gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a plant for the thermal utilization of waste materials containing organic and inorganic constituents, such as household waste, sewage sludge or the like, the waste materials being carbonized in a rotary kiln to form pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis coke obtained during the smoldering after its mechanical processing in one Gasification cyclone is gasified with the addition of oxygen to a synthesis gas.
  • waste materials domestic waste, sewage sludge or the like
  • organic and inorganic constituents of the older but not prepublished patent application P 43 38 927.9, from which the invention is based
  • the shredded waste materials are carbonized in a rotary kiln with the formation of pyrolysis gas and
  • the pyrolysis coke obtained during the smoldering is gasified after its mechanical processing with separation of metals and other valuable substances in a gasification cyclone with the addition of oxygen to a synthesis gas, which is then used for its intended purpose.
  • the ingredients that cannot be gasified in high-temperature gasification are withdrawn from the gasification cyclone as molten slag, which after solidification can be deposited in a leach-resistant manner or used as a building material.
  • the hot pyrolysis gas drawn off from the rotary tube furnace as a smoldering reactor is thermally utilized in that it is burned in a waste heat boiler for the purpose of generating steam.
  • the hot pyrolysis gases drawn off from the rotary kiln as a smoldering reactor mainly consist of gaseous hydrocarbons and water vapor and small amounts of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other gaseous pollutants, it cannot be avoided that the vaporous components of the hot pyrolysis gas cool down on the way condense in the waste heat boiler or afterwards in the flue gas duct.
  • the condensable pyrolysis gas constituents result in a mixture of water and liquid and solid hydrocarbons at room temperature, this mixture in turn resulting in a residue which has to be disposed of in a relatively complex manner.
  • the waste materials are carbonized in a rotary reactor, and the pyrolysis gas obtained during the smoldering is partially burned after gas cleaning at temperatures of 800 to 1200 ° C. and then by a red-hot one Layer of chunky foreign coke passed for the purpose of cracking crackable gas components.
  • the pyrolysis coke that is produced during the smoldering process is deposited after mechanical processing, i.e. the carbon contained in the pyrolysis coke is not used to generate energy.
  • the invention has for its object the thermal utilization of waste materials, such as household waste, sewage sludge, etc., described above, with organic and inorganic constituents with smoldering of the waste materials and to design high-temperature gasification of the pyrolysis coke in a gasification cyclone in such a way that, in addition to a leach-resistant slag, not a flue gas, but only a high-quality CO + H2-rich synthesis gas is produced without the risk of undesired formation of condensate during gas cooling.
  • waste materials such as household waste, sewage sludge, etc.
  • the pyrolysis gas obtained during the smoldering is introduced directly into the gasification cyclone in a hot, non-cooled state of, for example, approximately 400 to 650 ° C., in which the carbon of the pyrolysis coke and the hydrocarbons of the pyrolysis gas at temperatures above 1400 ° C to be converted to a CO + H2-rich synthesis gas.
  • the carbon of the pyrolysis coke and the hydrocarbons of the pyrolysis gas at temperatures above 1400 ° C to be converted to a CO + H2-rich synthesis gas.
  • n H m + H2O ⁇ CO + H2 to form the high-quality CO + H2-rich synthesis gas. Because the hot pyrolysis gas is not cooled and its H2O vapor content directly in the high-temperature gasification cyclone according to the gross reaction C. n H m + H2O ⁇ CO + H2 is implemented, there is no risk of undesired formation of condensate, and in this way, even when the synthesis gas obtained is cooled, there is no longer a mixture of water and liquid and solid hydrocarbons, this mixture being a residue to be disposed of.
  • the high-temperature gasification in the gasification cyclone takes place with substoichiometric oxygen supply, that is with an oxygen deficit at a lambda value of, for example, 0.4 to 0.8.
  • the CO + H2-rich synthesis gas and a molten lye-resistant slag are withdrawn from the gasification cyclone, the synthesis gas and molten slag being separated from one another in a lower furnace downstream of the gasification cyclone.
  • the cooled, molten slag can be used, for example, as a building material or processed into rock wool, and the almost nitrogen-free and steam-free CO + H2-rich synthesis gas can be used after cooling and cleaning.
  • the hot pyrolysis gas drawn off from the rotary tube furnace can be dedusted before introduction into the gasification cyclone and the dust can be introduced into the gasification cyclone. It is a dry pyrolysis gas dedusting at a temperature above the condensation temperature of the hydrocarbons carried in vapor form with the pyrolysis gas and of the water vapor.
  • the pyrolysis rotary kiln can be indirectly heated.
  • the pyrolysis rotary kiln can also be heated directly by branching off a portion of the processed smoldering residue or pyrolysis coke before its introduction into the gasification cyclone and recirculating it to the directly heated rotary kiln to form a hot immersion bed lying in the rotary kiln of which the waste materials introduced into the rotary kiln are carbonized.
  • the energy required to maintain the smoldering in the pyrolysis rotary kiln is introduced into the rotary kiln through the hot immersion bed from the recirculated uncooled smoldering residues, as well as through combustion of fuel, for example a part of the synthesis gas generated in the rotary kiln.
  • a plant according to the invention for the thermal utilization of waste materials containing organic and inorganic constituents with a pyrolysis rotary kiln and a high-temperature gasification cyclone is characterized in that the discharge of the pyrolysis rotary kiln for the pyrolysis coke is over a mechanical preparation is connected to the gasification cyclone, and the pyrolysis gas discharge from the rotary kiln is also connected to the gasification cyclone via a dust separator.
  • comminuted organic and inorganic constituents containing waste materials (10) such as household waste, sewage sludge or the like are introduced into a rotary pyrolysis furnace (11) and carbonized there to form pyrolysis gas (12), and the pyrolysis coke (13) obtained during the smoldering process is fed to its mechanical processing (14) with comminution, separation of metals and in inert substances (15) and, if necessary, further sorting stages.
  • the pyrolysis coke (16) After its mechanical preparation (14), the pyrolysis coke (16), brought to a grain size of ⁇ 3 mm, is introduced into a high-temperature gasification cyclone (17) and there with substoichiometrically introduced oxygen (18) or oxygen-enriched air at a temperature above 1400 ° C converted to a slag melt and to a synthesis gas, both phases (19) leaving the gasification cyclone or melting cyclone (17) downwards.
  • the pyrolysis gas (12) obtained during the smoldering in the rotary tube furnace (11) is also introduced into the same gasification cyclone (17) after its dust separation (20) in a hot, not cooled state via line (21), in which both the carbon of the pyrolysis coke (16 ) and the hydrocarbons of the pyrolysis gas (21) can be converted to a CO + H2-rich synthesis gas according to the gross reaction equations given above.
  • the water vapor contained in the pyrolysis gas (21) is consumed, so that when the synthesis gas cools, undesired condensates can no longer form, which in turn would mean a residual material which is difficult to dispose of.
  • the dust separated from the hot pyrolysis gas (12) in the dust separator (20) is introduced into the gasification cyclone (17) via line (22) and line (16).
  • the emerging from the gasification cyclone (17) phases (19) melt slag on the one hand and gas phase on the other hand are then separated from one another in a sub-furnace (23) into a slag (24) and into the high-quality CO + H2-rich synthesis gas (25).
  • the slag (24) is molten, which can be used for further processing, for example for the production of rock wool. After it has cooled, any existing pollutants, such as heavy metals, are incorporated in the slag so that they are resistant to leaching, so that the slag (24) can also be deposited without problems or used as a building material.
  • a subset (26) of the processed smoldering residues can be branched off and recirculated to the rotary kiln (11), which is directly heated in this case, to form a hot immersion bed in the rotary kiln (11), within which the rotary kiln imported waste materials (10) are carbonized.
  • the processed fine-grained smoldering residues (26) forming the immersion bed are recirculated uncooled into the rotary kiln (11), and part of the smoldering gases or pyrolysis gases released by the smoldering burns above the immersion bed in the rotary kiln (11) and maintains an almost self-sufficient operation of the smoldering process upright, which, if necessary, can be supported by burning additional fuel, for example a partial flow of the synthesis gas (25).
  • additional fuel for example a partial flow of the synthesis gas (25).
  • the existing immersion bed ensures that only carbonized gas components burn, while the waste materials (10) remain largely protected from contact with combustion oxygen by the immersion bed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
EP95114026A 1994-09-30 1995-09-07 Procédé et installation pour la valorisation thermique de déchets Withdrawn EP0704518A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4435144 1994-09-30
DE19944435144 DE4435144A1 (de) 1994-09-30 1994-09-30 Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Verwertung von Abfallstoffen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0704518A1 true EP0704518A1 (fr) 1996-04-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95114026A Withdrawn EP0704518A1 (fr) 1994-09-30 1995-09-07 Procédé et installation pour la valorisation thermique de déchets

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0704518A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4435144A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999025790A1 (fr) * 1997-11-13 1999-05-27 Umwelttechnik Stefan Bothur Procede de production de gaz de synthese ou d'hydrocarbures liquides a partir de matieres brutes ou de rebuts a croissance posterieure et a teneur en cellulose
NL1018543C2 (nl) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-14 Droan B V Werkwijze voor het in meerdere stappen vergassen van afval of biomassa.
DE102009018350A1 (de) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-28 Aimes Gmbh Umwandlungsvorrichtung zum Umwandeln von Biomasse in Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen, Verfahren zum wenigstens teilweisen Umwandeln von Biomasse in Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen, Nutzgas und Feststoff, sowie Verfahren zum wenigstens teilweisen Umwandeln von kontaminierten Stoffen in CO2
CN105602626A (zh) * 2015-12-21 2016-05-25 郭凯 气化炉及其生活垃圾无害气化能源工艺方法
AT522258A1 (de) * 2019-03-06 2020-09-15 Next Generation Elements Gmbh Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung zumindest eines in einer Biomasse enthaltenen Wertstoffes

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010044437A1 (de) 2010-09-06 2012-03-08 Pyrolyse Gbr Vertreten Durch Karl Friedrich Hisza Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung organischer Ausgangsstoffe oder eines Gemisches organischer und anorganischer Ausgangsstoffe sowie Vorrichtung dazu

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4200341A1 (de) * 1991-11-18 1993-05-19 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hochtemperaturvergasung feinkoerniger brennwertreicher organischer abfallstoffe
EP0545241A1 (fr) * 1991-11-29 1993-06-09 Noell Energie- und Entsorgungstechnik GmbH Procédé pour la valorisation thermique de déchets
DE4325029A1 (de) * 1993-07-26 1994-03-31 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur thermischen Abfallentsorgung

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2087054B (en) * 1980-09-19 1984-03-21 Shinryo Air Cond Method and apparatus for incinerating sewage sludge
DE3828534A1 (de) * 1988-08-23 1990-03-08 Gottfried Dipl Ing Roessle Verfahren zur verwertung von energiehaltiger masse, vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens und verwendung eines bei der verwertung anfallenden produkts
DE4040377C1 (fr) * 1990-12-17 1992-02-06 Thermoselect Ag, Vaduz, Li
DE4209549A1 (de) * 1992-03-24 1993-09-30 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Reststoffen, z.B. zur Trennung und Verwertung von Metallverbunden mit organischen Anteilen, mittels einer Kombination aus Pyrolyse und Vergasung
DE4402838A1 (de) * 1994-01-31 1994-06-09 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur Müllverarbeitung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4200341A1 (de) * 1991-11-18 1993-05-19 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hochtemperaturvergasung feinkoerniger brennwertreicher organischer abfallstoffe
EP0545241A1 (fr) * 1991-11-29 1993-06-09 Noell Energie- und Entsorgungstechnik GmbH Procédé pour la valorisation thermique de déchets
DE4325029A1 (de) * 1993-07-26 1994-03-31 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur thermischen Abfallentsorgung

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999025790A1 (fr) * 1997-11-13 1999-05-27 Umwelttechnik Stefan Bothur Procede de production de gaz de synthese ou d'hydrocarbures liquides a partir de matieres brutes ou de rebuts a croissance posterieure et a teneur en cellulose
NL1018543C2 (nl) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-14 Droan B V Werkwijze voor het in meerdere stappen vergassen van afval of biomassa.
DE102009018350A1 (de) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-28 Aimes Gmbh Umwandlungsvorrichtung zum Umwandeln von Biomasse in Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen, Verfahren zum wenigstens teilweisen Umwandeln von Biomasse in Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen, Nutzgas und Feststoff, sowie Verfahren zum wenigstens teilweisen Umwandeln von kontaminierten Stoffen in CO2
CN105602626A (zh) * 2015-12-21 2016-05-25 郭凯 气化炉及其生活垃圾无害气化能源工艺方法
CN105602626B (zh) * 2015-12-21 2018-03-06 郭凯 气化炉及其生活垃圾无害气化能源工艺方法
AT522258A1 (de) * 2019-03-06 2020-09-15 Next Generation Elements Gmbh Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung zumindest eines in einer Biomasse enthaltenen Wertstoffes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4435144A1 (de) 1996-04-04

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