EP0703403B1 - Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer mit einem eine komplexe Oberfläche aufweisenden Reflektor - Google Patents

Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer mit einem eine komplexe Oberfläche aufweisenden Reflektor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0703403B1
EP0703403B1 EP95114817A EP95114817A EP0703403B1 EP 0703403 B1 EP0703403 B1 EP 0703403B1 EP 95114817 A EP95114817 A EP 95114817A EP 95114817 A EP95114817 A EP 95114817A EP 0703403 B1 EP0703403 B1 EP 0703403B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sectors
reflector
optical axis
headlight
along
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95114817A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0703403A1 (de
Inventor
Sergio Zattoni
Stefania Masuelli
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Marelli Automotive Lighting Italy SpA
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Automotive Lighting Italia SpA
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Publication of EP0703403A1 publication Critical patent/EP0703403A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
    • F21S41/334—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors
    • F21S41/335—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors with continuity at the junction between adjacent areas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a road vehicle headlight, in particular a lower beam or fog light, featuring a complex-surface reflector in conjunction with a prismed optical system.
  • French Patent n. 2.536.502 relates to a road vehicle lower beam comprising a body housing a reflector and a light source, and a prismed lens located in front of the reflector and closing the body.
  • the reflector is defined by a complex surface formed by the seamless connection of reflecting surfaces of different types defined by different equations.
  • the complex surface comprises two parabolic surface portions at the same angle to each other as that required by regulations for the cutoff line; and two portions of a surface not of revolution and described by a mathematical equation which, on the one hand, provides for connecting the two parabolic portions, and, on the other, in conjunction with the lens prisms of the light, provides for picking up and distributing the source emitted beam 360° about the source.
  • the lower beam according to the above French patent provides for exploiting all the light emitted by the source, thus enabling the use, for example, of weaker lamps (which consume less and give off less heat) or smaller reflectors for a given brightness of the beam.
  • weaker lamps which consume less and give off less heat
  • smaller reflectors for a given brightness of the beam.
  • the complex reflecting surface of the above patent provides for generating a beam as required by law, but the need for seamlessly connecting the various portions of the reflecting surface seriously limits the variety of the light distribution achievable.
  • European Patent n. 0373065 relates to an improvement of the previous headlight, wherein the equation of two opposite intermediate portions of the complex reflecting surface is so modified as to substantially vertically divide the reflecting surface into substantially three specialized interconnected portions, each of which provides for distributing the reflected beam in a predetermined plane. Though it does in fact provide for improving distribution of the beam as compared with the French patent, the complex surface of the reflector according to the European patent nevertheless fails to provide a satisfactory solution to the problem.
  • the problem is further compounded by the tendency, for design reasons, of most modern vehicle headlights to present steeply inclined lenses in which it is difficult to form highly prismed portions for correcting and optimizing distribution of the beam produced by the reflector.
  • a vehicle headlight for generating a lower or fog light beam concentrated entirely below a cutoff line to prevent dazzling oncoming traffic as claimed in claim 1.
  • a further advantage of the headlight according to the invention is the improvement in appearance by enabling the adoption of "flattened” reflectors with no impairment in light distribution, and by reducing the number of lens prisms required - especially where the lens slopes sharply for design reasons - which also provides for reducing manufacturing cost.
  • number 1 indicates a road vehicle headlight for generating a lower or fog light beam, which, as is known, are characterized by being concentrated entirely below a cutoff line 2 (shown by the dotted line in Figures 9 to 12 relative to a lower beam) to prevent dazzling other motorists.
  • Headlight 1 comprises a light source 3 consisting, for example, of the coiled filament of an incandescent lamp and of length Lf ( Figure 4); a reflector 5; a prismed lens 6 in front of reflector 5; and a cup-shaped casing 8 (shown only partly in Figure 3) housing reflector 5 and source 3, and closed in fluidtight manner at the open end by lens 6. More specifically, headlight 1 is of the type wherein, as opposed to a specially shaped dimming shield which is eliminated, cutoff line 2 is defined by the particular light distribution provided for by reflector 5 which, by means of its reflecting surface 7 facing lens 6, picks up the source emitted light 360° about source 3.
  • source 3 is strictly aligned coaxial with the optical axis Ao of the headlight, and extends along the optical axis from a point Pf ( Figures 3 and 4) which constitutes an arbitrary focal point on the basis of which surface 7 is formed as explained later.
  • focal point Pf is represented by the theoretical position along optical axis Ao of the first turn (not shown in detail) of filament 3 on the side facing reflector 5; and extremely tight in-service positioning tolerances of source 3 in relation to reflector 5 are applied, which tolerances equal a third of the height of filament 3 as regards the maximum permissible radial deviation between optical axis Ao and the center of filament 3, and a fifth of the length Lf of filament 3 as regards the maximum permissible axial deviation between point Pf and the first illuminated turn of filament 3.
  • reflector 5 presents a complex reflecting surface 7, i.e. comprising a number of sectors, all connected to one another substantially seamlessly, but each defined by a surface (reflecting or deflecting) with different optical characteristics as compared with the surfaces of the adjacent sectors.
  • a complex reflecting surface 7 i.e. comprising a number of sectors, all connected to one another substantially seamlessly, but each defined by a surface (reflecting or deflecting) with different optical characteristics as compared with the surfaces of the adjacent sectors.
  • none of the component sectors of reflecting surface 7 is defined by a surface of revolution, and, in conjunction with this characteristic, most of the sectors comprise surfaces generated by translating a generating base curve.
  • reflecting surface 7 of reflector 5 comprises seven sectors: two upper lateral sectors 9 and 10 aligned on either side of optical axis Ao along the upper edge 11 of reflector 5; two lower lateral sectors 13 and 14 aligned on either side of optical axis Ao along the lower edge 15 of reflector 5 and respectively beneath sectors 9 and 10; two intermediate lateral sectors 19 and 20, the first between and connecting sectors 9 and 13, and the second between and connecting sectors 10 and 14; and a central sector 21 centered along optical axis Ao, extending along the full height Htot ( Figure 6) of reflector 5, and connecting sectors 9, 19, 13 along side 22 of reflector 5 to the opposite sectors 10, 20, 14 along the opposite side 23 of the reflector.
  • Reflector 5 may of course be formed differently from the non-limiting example shown in the accompanying drawings, in the sense that edges 11, 15 and sides 22, 23 may be of any, even different, lengths, and may be straight, curved or any other shape.
  • sectors 9,10, 13,14 and 21 are all defined by surfaces generated by translating arcs of a circle 25 (Figure 5), lying in horizontal planes, along two respective parabola branches 26 ( Figure 4), one located above the optical axis ( Figure 4) and the other below (not shown), and both lying in the vertical plane through optical axis Ao.
  • Arcs 25 generating the surfaces each present a different predetermined radius calculated according to the required light distribution.
  • Intermediate lateral sectors 19 and 20, on the other hand, are defined by surfaces described by a fourth-degree polynomial equation derived, as will be seen, from a spherical surface equation.
  • the two parabola branches 26 acting as the base curve for translating arcs 25 are preferably rotated gradually upwards and/or towards the outer edge 27 of the reflector, so that the base curve along which arcs 25 are translated is a modified parabola 28 as opposed to parabola 26.
  • the geometry of the surfaces defining sectors 9,10, 19,20, 13,14 and 21 is so selected that each sector provides for a predetermined distribution of the images reflected by it when projection tested to regulations on a screen at a distance of 25 m. More specifically, intermediate lateral sectors 19 and 20 of reflector 5 are so formed as to distribute the reflected images exclusively below optical axis Ao, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, so as to concentrate the beam emitted by headlight 1 below cutoff line 2.
  • upper lateral sector 9 and lower lateral sector 14, diagonally opposite sector 9 in relation to central sector 21, are so formed as to provide for a wider distribution of the beam, and to direct it towards respective corresponding first prismed sectors 30 of lens 6 (shown schematically in Figure 3) appropriately located on the inner face of lens 6 facing reflector 5; and, in conjunction with the design of sectors 9 and 14, prismed sectors 30 are in turn so formed (using known techniques) as to distribute the images reflected by sectors 9 and 14 as shown in Figures 9 and 10, i.e. in such a manner as to define an oblique portion 2a of cutoff line 2, or in other words, in such a manner as to achieve the 15 degree light distribution typical of the cutoff line of a lower beam.
  • a horizontal portion 2b of cutoff line 2 is defined by the image distribution shown in Figures 11 and 12 and which, according to the present invention, is effected by sectors 10 and 13, i.e. the upper lateral sector opposite sector 9, and the lower lateral sector diagonally opposite to it in relation to central sector 21, and by respective corresponding second prismed sectors 33 of lens 6 (shown schematically in Figure 3).
  • central sector 21 is so formed as to distribute the light centrally and below optical axis Ao, so as to achieve the image distribution shown in Figure 13, which, according to the present invention, provides for improving the visibility of vehicles fitted with headlight 1.
  • the optical distribution of the images reflected and predistributed by reflector 5, and possibly also corrected by prismed sectors 30 and 33, is therefore as shown in Figure 14, and, as can be seen, provides for greatly improving visibility by concentrating the light precisely in front of the headlight.
  • the sector surfaces of reflector 5 are first computer-aided designed (CAD); the resulting drawings, complete with all the dimensions calculated point by point, are transferred directly to production machines (CIM) for machining dies of suitable material; and reflector 5 is then injection molded from plastic material (or drawn from sheet metal) using conventional techniques.
  • CAD computer-aided designed
  • CIM production machines
  • the first step in the formation of surface 7 of reflector 5 consists in arbitrarily establishing an optical axis and a focal point along the optical axis, about which to construct the required surface using a "reverse" technique.
  • the axis of the filament of the selected light source 3 e.g. an incandescent lamp of predetermined power
  • the point corresponding to the assumed position, along optical axis Ao, of the first turn of filament 3 on the side facing reflector 5 is selected as focal point Pf.
  • the focal distance of the two parabola branches 26 used as the base curves is calculated, which focal distance provides for univocally determining the parabolas which may then be drawn.
  • the radius of curvature of the arcs for generating sectors 9,10, 13,14 and 21 is calculated.
  • the surfaces of sectors 19, 20 and 21 are defined in such a manner as to achieve a substantially seamless (i.e. stepless) connection between the surface defining one sector and that defining another.
  • the surfaces of sectors 19 and 20 vertically connecting upper lateral sectors 9 and 10 to lower lateral sectors 13 and 14 are defined according to the following equation: (VI) a + b*X + c*X 2 + d*X 3 + e*X 4 + f + g*Y + + h*Y 2 + l*Y 3 + m*Y 4
  • central sector 21 is defined in the same way as for sectors 9,10 and 13,14, by first calculating, using equation (III) and depending on the required light distribution, the radius of curvature of an arc for connecting sectors 9,10 and 13,14; positioning the arc along optical axis Ao; and translating the arc along the same two parabola branches 26 as for the upper and lower lateral sector surfaces.
  • equation (III) the radius of curvature of an arc for connecting sectors 9,10 and 13,14
  • This is a repetitive mathematical operation performable by a CAD system which therefore gives the detailed dimensions required for producing the surface.
  • the luminous efficiency of sectors 9, 10, 13 and 14 may be further improved using, for each pair of sectors 9,10 and 13, 14, curve 28 as opposed to parabola 26 as the base curve along which to translate arcs 25 with the radius calculated using equation (III).
  • Curves 28 are obtained from respective parabolas 26 by plotting the parabolas in successive portions and rotating the axis of the parabola, at the end of each portion, by a predetermined angle, e.g. half a degree, and in a predetermined direction (e.g. upwards as in Figure 4, and at any rate outwards of reflector 5).
  • Half a degree upward rotation is preferably adopted for every 10 millimeters in length of the plotted parabola 26, commencing with the axis of the parabola coincident with optical axis Ao, so that the resulting curve 28 represents the envelope of all the parabolas 26 with their axes rotated gradually by predetermined angles and in the same direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Fahrzeugscheinwerfer (1) zum Erzeugen eines Abblendlichtstrahls oder eines Nebellichtstrahls, der vollständig unterhalb einer Trennlinie konzentriert ist, um ein Blenden entgegenkommenden Verkehrs zu verhindern; wobei der Scheinwerfer eine Lichtquelle (3), einen Reflektor (5) und eine Prismenlinse (6) vor dem Reflektor umfaßt und von dem Typ ist, bei dem der Reflektor (5) das von der Quelle ausgesendete Licht in einen Winkel von 360° um die Quelle aufnimmt und bei dem die Quelle (3) koaxial auf die optische Achse (Ao) des Scheinwerfers ausgerichtet ist; wobei der Reflektor (5) eine komplexe reflektierende Oberfläche (7) aufweist, die eine Anzahl unterschiedlicher Sektoren (9, 10, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21), die im wesentlichen nahtlos miteinander verbunden sind, umfaßt; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    keiner der Komponentensektoren (9, 10, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21) der reflektierenden Oberfläche (7) durch eine rotationssymmetrische Oberfläche definiert ist; und
    die meisten Sektoren (9, 10, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21) aus Oberflächen aufgebaut sind, die durch Translation einer erzeugenden Basiskurve erzeugt werden; und daß
    die reflektierende Oberfläche (7) des Reflektors sieben Sektoren aufweist: zwei obere seitliche (9, 10), zwei untere seitliche (13, 14), zwei dazwischenliegende seitliche (19, 20) und einen mittigen Sektor (21), der sich über die gesamte Höhe des Reflektors (5) erstreckt; wobei alle diese Sektoren mit Ausnahme der zwei dazwischenliegenden seitlichen Sektoren (19, 20) durch Oberflächen definiert sind, die durch Translation einer erzeugenden Basiskurve (25) erzeugt werden, die in einer ersten Ebene längs einer unterstützenden Kurve (26) definiert ist, die ihrerseits in einer zur ersten Ebene senkrechten zweiten Ebene definiert ist.
  2. Scheinwerfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit Ausnahme der beiden dazwischenliegenden seitlichen Sektoren (19, 20) sämtliche Sektoren durch Oberflächen definiert sind, die durch Translation von Bögen (25) erzeugt sind, die in horizontalen Ebenen liegen und einen vorgegebenen Radius besitzen, der anhand der erforderlichen Lichtverteilung berechnet wird, und die längs zweier jeweiliger Parabelzweige (26) liegen, wobei sich einer der Parabelzweige oberhalb und der andere Parabelzweig unterhalb der optischen Achse (Ao) befindet und wobei beide in der vertikalen Ebene durch die optische Achse liegen.
  3. Scheinwerfer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei dazwischenliegenden seitlichen Sektoren (19, 20) durch Oberflächen definiert sind, die durch eine Polynomgleichung vierten Grades beschrieben werden.
  4. Scheinwerfer nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden dazwischenliegenden seitlichen Sektoren (19, 20) durch Oberflächen definiert sind, die durch die folgende Gleichung beschrieben werden: (IV)   a + b×X + C×X2 + d×X3 + e×X4 + f + g×Y + h×Y2 + l×Y3 + m×Y4.
  5. Scheinwerfer nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Parabelzweige (26) längs ihrer Erstreckung allmählich nach oben und/oder zur Außenkante (27) des Reflektors gedreht sind.
  6. Scheinwerfer nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Mittel zum Konzentrieren des Strahls unterhalb der Trennlinie aufweist; wobei die Mittel die beiden dazwischenliegenden seitlichen Sektoren (19, 20) des Reflektors umfassen, die eine Verteilung der reflektierten Bilder unterhalb der optischen Achse (Ao) ergeben.
  7. Scheinwerfer nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Mittel zum Definieren eines schrägen Abschnitts der Trennlinie aufweist; wobei die Mittel in Kombination einen ersten (9) der oberen seitlichen Sektoren und einen entsprechenden (14) der unteren seitlichen Sektoren, der dem ersten in bezug auf den mittleren Sektor (21) diagonal gegenüberliegt, sowie entsprechende erste Prismensektoren (30) der Linse (6) umfassen.
  8. Scheinwerfer nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Mittel zum Definieren eines horizontalen Abschnitts der Trennlinie umfaßt; wobei die Mittel in Kombination einen zweiten (10) der oberen seitlichen Sektoren, der dem ersten gegenüberliegt, einen entsprechenden (13) der unteren seitlichen Sektoren, der dem zweiten oberen seitlichen Sektor in bezug auf den mittleren Sektor diagonal gegenüberliegt, und jeweilige zweite Prismensektoren (33) der Linse (6) umfassen.
  9. Scheinwerfer nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Mittel zum Verteilen des Lichts mittig und unterhalb der optischen Achse umfaßt; wobei die Mittel den mittleren Sektor (21) umfassen.
  10. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer komplexen reflektierenden Oberfläche (7) für den Reflektor (5) eines Fahrzeugabblendlichts oder -nebellichts; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    Schaffen eines beliebigen Brennpunkts auf einer fiktiven optischen Achse (Ao); wobei die Achse eines Glühfadens, der die Lichtquelle (3) bildet, als optische Achse (Ao) gewählt wird; und die Position auf der optischen Achse der ersten Windung des Glühfadens auf der dem Reflektor zugewandten Seite als Brennpunkt gewählt wird;
    Berechnen der Brennweite zweier Parabelzweige (26) in der vertikalen Ebene durch die optische Achse unter Verwendung der folgenden Gleichungen: (I)   FP1 = Pf - C und (II)   FP2 = Pf + Lf + C    wobei FP1 die Brennweite eines ersten Parabelzweigs oberhalb der optischen Achse ist; FP2 die Brennweite eines zweiten Parabelzweigs unterhalb der optischen Achse ist; C eine von den Bearbeitungstoleranzen abhängende Konstante ist; Lf die axiale Länge des Glühfadens ist; und Pf der axiale Ort des Brennpunkts ist;
    Berechnen des Krümmungsradius von vier Bögen entsprechend der geforderten Lichtverteilung unter Verwendung der folgenden Gleichung: (III)   Rc = (Xc - X2)2 + (Yc - Y2)2 wobei Xc und Yc die Koordinaten des Zentrums des Umfangs sind, die durch die beiden folgenden Gleichungen gegeben sind: (IV)   Xc = Mun × X1-MM1-2 × X2-Yn + Y2 Mun - MM1-2 (V)   Yc = Mun × (Xc - Xn) + Yn wobei Mun der Winkelkoeffizient der geraden Linie ist, die die Endpunkte des Umfangs verbindet; und MM1-2 der Winkelkoeffizient der geraden Linie ist, die den Winkel halbiert, der zwischen der geraden Linie, die einen ersten Endpunkt des Umfangs mit dem Glühfaden verbindet, und der geraden Linie, die denselben Punkt mit einem entsprechenden Punkt auf einem Schirm in einem Abstand von 25 m vom Scheinwerfer, auf den dieser Punkt projiziert wird, gebildet wird;
    Bilden von vier seitlichen Oberflächensektoren (9, 10, 13, 14) des Reflektors, zwei längs der oberen Kante und zwei längs der unteren Kante des Reflektors, indem für die vier Bögen (25) längs der beiden Parabelzweige (26) eine Translation ausgeführt wird;
    Bilden zweier gegenüberliegender dazwischenliegender seitlicher Oberflächensektoren (19, 20) des Reflektors, die so angeordnet sind, daß sie die oberen seitlichen Sektoren mit den unteren seitlichen Sektoren vertikal verbinden, wobei die folgende Gleichung verwendet wird: (VI)   a + b×X + c×X2 + d×X3 + e×X4 + f + g×Y + h×Y2 + l×Y3 + m×Y4 und
    Bilden eines mittleren Oberflächensektors (21) des Reflektors, der so angeordnet ist, daß er sämtliche anderen Sektoren paarweise horizontal verbindet, indem entsprechend der geforderten Lichtverteilung der Krümmungsradius eines Bogens unter Verwendung von Gleichung (III) berechnet wird und indem für den Bogen eine Translation längs der beiden Parabelzweige und durch die optische Achse ausgeführt wird.
EP95114817A 1994-09-20 1995-09-20 Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer mit einem eine komplexe Oberfläche aufweisenden Reflektor Expired - Lifetime EP0703403B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT94TO000733A IT1266928B1 (it) 1994-09-20 1994-09-20 Proiettore per veicoli con riflettore a superficie complessa.
ITTO940733 1994-09-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0703403A1 EP0703403A1 (de) 1996-03-27
EP0703403B1 true EP0703403B1 (de) 2000-05-31

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EP95114817A Expired - Lifetime EP0703403B1 (de) 1994-09-20 1995-09-20 Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer mit einem eine komplexe Oberfläche aufweisenden Reflektor

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EP (1) EP0703403B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69517272T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2146690T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1266928B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09237504A (ja) * 1996-02-23 1997-09-09 Patent Treuhand Ges Elektr Gluehlamp Mbh 下向き及び上向きライト用自動車前照灯
US9133999B2 (en) * 2012-03-19 2015-09-15 Ichikoh Industries, Ltd. Vehicle headlamp

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1732884A (en) * 1927-02-14 1929-10-22 Indiana Lamp Corp Reflector for headlights
EP0084934A1 (de) * 1982-01-16 1983-08-03 LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company Lampenreflektor
FR2536502B1 (fr) * 1982-11-19 1987-01-09 Cibie Projecteurs Projecteur de croisement pour vehicule automobile
FR2639888B1 (fr) 1988-12-07 1993-08-13 Valeo Vision Projecteur de vehicule automobile, comportant un reflecteur a surface complexe a zones intermediaires modifiees

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Publication number Publication date
ITTO940733A1 (it) 1996-03-20
EP0703403A1 (de) 1996-03-27
ES2146690T3 (es) 2000-08-16
DE69517272T2 (de) 2000-11-30
IT1266928B1 (it) 1997-01-21
DE69517272D1 (de) 2000-07-06
ITTO940733A0 (it) 1994-09-20

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