EP0702910B1 - Thin walled, hollow body made of precious metal or alloy of precious metals, used as jewel or jewellery item - Google Patents
Thin walled, hollow body made of precious metal or alloy of precious metals, used as jewel or jewellery item Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0702910B1 EP0702910B1 EP95115102A EP95115102A EP0702910B1 EP 0702910 B1 EP0702910 B1 EP 0702910B1 EP 95115102 A EP95115102 A EP 95115102A EP 95115102 A EP95115102 A EP 95115102A EP 0702910 B1 EP0702910 B1 EP 0702910B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hollow body
- precious metal
- alloy
- precious
- jewel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hollow body made of a precious metal or a precious metal alloy for use as jewelry or jewelry.
- Such jewelry are known from EP-A-0195132. They are produced by electroplating, by electrolytically depositing the precious metal on an electrically conductive or electrically conductive shaped core that has the spatial contour of the piece of jewelry, and after the desired layer thickness has been reached, the material of the shaped core is removed from the hollow body by chemical or thermal means.
- electroplating by electrolytically depositing the precious metal on an electrically conductive or electrically conductive shaped core that has the spatial contour of the piece of jewelry, and after the desired layer thickness has been reached, the material of the shaped core is removed from the hollow body by chemical or thermal means.
- electroforming has become common for this process.
- the electroforming process has the advantage that hollow pieces of jewelry of almost any shape with thin walls, i. H. with economical use of precious metals, can be manufactured inexpensively.
- this advantage is associated with the disadvantage that the pieces of jewelry have a low mechanical stability.
- EP-A-0195132 the wall thickness of the hollow body in the particularly stressed areas, namely where attachment eyes, connecting links or connecting links, brochures, lugs, hooks, fuses or the like are required by additional ones Reinforce precious metals order;
- the noble metal is deposited in a smaller layer thickness on the mandrel to be coated or deposited to form predetermined breaking points, so that the wall initially weakened in this way is subsequently easily opened and a metallic reinforcing part is soldered in or inserted in some other way can.
- This procedure is complex and partially nullifies the actual advantage of the electroforming process, the inexpensive production and the precious metal savings.
- a metallic functional part for example a part of a clasp
- the mold core to be electrolytically coated, which consists of the same noble metal material as the outer wall of the hollow body and in some cases emerges from the mold core material, so that the functional part connects with the resulting outer wall of the hollow body during the electrolytic metal deposition.
- a functional part can act like a strut and thereby stabilize the hollow body in some way, but without eliminating the disadvantage that the outer wall of the hollow body against mechanical Damage remains sensitive.
- buttons and buckles which consist of a base part and a metal cap fastened to this base part by fitting and flanging or soldering and whose metal cap has a recess which is intended to receive an enamel coating, with asbestos cardboard or a similar soft, pliable and fireproof material to fill in to allow the enamel to burn in and the metal cap to be soldered to the base.
- the present invention has for its object to show another way how such thin-walled jewelry can be stabilized in a simple manner without a supporting core and without additional use of precious metals.
- real pieces of jewelry which are produced as thin-walled hollow bodies are stabilized in that one or more flat indentations are provided in the outside of the hollow body, which are delimited by a border and in which there is a layer of an enamel or a lacquer, the use of an email is preferred.
- the thin precious metal wall is stabilized by an enamel application
- the goldsmith also opens up a further design option with the enamel order, even with thin-walled jewelry made by electroforming, which was previously only possible with jewelry made from cast or cast Precious metal existed where the necessary recesses with their borders were cast from the start or formed by eroding, milling or the like, which is fundamentally not possible with thin-walled electroforming parts.
- electroforming parts the flat depressions or indentations can be formed by providing them in the mold core from the outset, the surface of which is imaged by the electrolytic deposition process.
- the border that delimits the indentation also limits the spread of the enamel or lacquer, which cannot flow over the border.
- Low-melting enamels which do not unduly stress the thin wall of the hollow body during melting, are particularly suitable. They can be applied in powder form and processed efficiently in an oven, for example in a small continuous oven.
- the border preferably encloses a flat bottom of the indentation, which is particularly favorable for a flat, decorative design, but on the other hand also facilitates the application of enamel. Additional profiles, such as scoring, are not required to stabilize the hollow body.
- the hollow bodies can have a conventional structure; the mold core can be melted out as usual or otherwise removed and the hollow body can accommodate any mechanics, for example a closing part or fastening part for an eyelet, and also reinforcements for particularly stressed areas, as disclosed in DE-C-3918920.
- the clasp 1 which is attached to a pearl necklace 2, has a hollow body 3 of oval outline. It is a flat hollow body with a slightly curved peripheral wall 4, which connects two side walls 5 and 6 to one another, which run essentially parallel to one another and both have a flat indentation 7 and 8, respectively, which are formed by a step-shaped edge 9 and 10 are bordered and delimited.
- the indentations 7 and 8 have a flat bottom 11 or 12, on each of which an enamel layer 13 or 14 adheres.
- the clasp is connected to the pearl necklace in a conventional way; the thread 15, on which the beads are lined up, is knotted at one end with a fastening part 16, at the other end 17 with a V-shaped catch spring 17, which is inserted through an opening 18 into the hollow body 3 and at the edge of the opening 18 snaps into place.
- the wall thickness of the hollow body 3 is shown exaggeratedly thick in FIG.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung befaßt sich mit einem Hohlkörper aus einem Edelmetall oder aus einer Edelmetallegierung zur Verwendung als Schmuck - oder Juwelierware. Solche Schmuckstücke sind aus der EP-A-0195132 bekannt. Sie werden hergestellt auf galvanoplastischem Wege, indem auf einem die räumliche Kontur des Schmuckstücks aufweisenden, elektrisch leitenden oder elektrisch leitend gemachten Formkern das Edelmetall elektrolytisch abgeschieden und nach Erreichen der gewünschten Schichtdicke das Material des Formkerns auf chemischem oder thermischem Wege aus dem Hohlkörper herausgelöst wird. Für dieses Verfahren hat sich heute auch die Bezeichnung "Elektroforming" eingebürgert.The invention relates to a hollow body made of a precious metal or a precious metal alloy for use as jewelry or jewelry. Such jewelry are known from EP-A-0195132. They are produced by electroplating, by electrolytically depositing the precious metal on an electrically conductive or electrically conductive shaped core that has the spatial contour of the piece of jewelry, and after the desired layer thickness has been reached, the material of the shaped core is removed from the hollow body by chemical or thermal means. The term "electroforming" has become common for this process.
Das Elektroforming- Verfahren hat den Vorteil, daß hohle Schmuckstücke von nahezu beliebiger Form mit dünnen Wandstärken, d. h. mit sparsamem Edelmetalleinsatz, preiswert hergestellt werden können. Dieser Vorteil ist jedoch mit dem Nachteil verknüpft, daß die Schmuckstücke eine geringe mechanische Stabilität haben. Um dem zu begegnen, ist es aus der EP-A-0195132 bekannt, die Wandstärke des Hohlkörpers in den besonders beanspruchten Bereichen, nämlich dort, wo Anhängeösen, Anschlußglieder oder Verbindungsglieder, Broschierungen, Böckchen, Haken, Sicherungen oder dergleichen benötigt werden, durch zusätzlichen Edelmetallauftrag zu verstärken; dazu wird zum Beispiel in diesen besonders beanspruchten Bereichen auf dem zu beschichtenden Formkern das Edelmetall in geringerer Schichtdicke abgeschieden oder unter Bildung von Sollbruchstellen abgeschieden, so daß die auf diese Weise zunächst geschwächte Wand nachträglich leicht geöffnet und ein metallisches Verstärkungsteil eingelötet oder auf andere Weise eingefügt werden kann. Diese Vorgehensweise ist aufwendig und macht den eigentlichen Vorteil des Elektroforming-Verfahrens, die preiswerte Herstellung und die Edelmetalleinsparung, teilweise wieder zunichte.The electroforming process has the advantage that hollow pieces of jewelry of almost any shape with thin walls, i. H. with economical use of precious metals, can be manufactured inexpensively. However, this advantage is associated with the disadvantage that the pieces of jewelry have a low mechanical stability. To counter this, it is known from EP-A-0195132, the wall thickness of the hollow body in the particularly stressed areas, namely where attachment eyes, connecting links or connecting links, brochures, lugs, hooks, fuses or the like are required by additional ones Reinforce precious metals order; For this purpose, for example, in these particularly stressed areas, the noble metal is deposited in a smaller layer thickness on the mandrel to be coated or deposited to form predetermined breaking points, so that the wall initially weakened in this way is subsequently easily opened and a metallic reinforcing part is soldered in or inserted in some other way can. This procedure is complex and partially nullifies the actual advantage of the electroforming process, the inexpensive production and the precious metal savings.
Aus der DE-C-3918920 ist es bereits bekannt, in den elektrolytisch zu beschichtenden Formkern ein metallisches Funktionsteil, zum Beispiel ein Teil einer Schließe, einzubetten, welches aus demselben Edelmetallwerkstoff besteht wie die Außenwand des Hohlkörpers und stellenweise aus dem Formkernmaterial heraustritt, so daß sich das Funktionsteil bei der elektrolytischen Metallabscheidung mit der entstehenden Außenwand des Hohlkörpers verbindet. Ein solches Funktionsteil kann wie eine Verstrebung wirken und dadurch den Hohlkörper in gewisser Weise stabilisieren, ohne jedoch den Nachteil zu beseitigen, daß die Außenwand des Hohlkörpers im übrigen gegen mechanische Beschädigung empfindlich bleibt. Um dem zu begegnen, ist in der DE-A-43 39641 vorgeschlagen worden, zur dauerhaften Unterstützung der dünnen Außenwand des Hohlkörpers den Formkern aus Wachs oder Kunststoff, den man bisher stets herauslöst, eben nicht herauszulösen sondern schlicht und einfach im Hohlkörper zu belassen. Dadurch werden die Hohlkörperwand wirksam stabilisiert und dünnste Wandstärken ermöglicht, doch sind solche Schmuckstücke mit einem massiven Kern aus Wachs oder Kunststoff nicht immer erwünscht und nicht überall mit den gesetzlichen Bestimmungen zur Kontrolle des Edelmetallgehaltes vereinbar.From DE-C-3918920 it is already known to embed a metallic functional part, for example a part of a clasp, in the mold core to be electrolytically coated, which consists of the same noble metal material as the outer wall of the hollow body and in some cases emerges from the mold core material, so that the functional part connects with the resulting outer wall of the hollow body during the electrolytic metal deposition. Such a functional part can act like a strut and thereby stabilize the hollow body in some way, but without eliminating the disadvantage that the outer wall of the hollow body against mechanical Damage remains sensitive. In order to counteract this, it has been proposed in DE-A-43 39641, to permanently support the thin outer wall of the hollow body, not to remove the mold core made of wax or plastic, which has always been removed so far, but to simply and simply leave it in the hollow body. This effectively stabilizes the hollow body wall and enables the thinnest wall thicknesses, but such pieces of jewelry with a solid core made of wax or plastic are not always desirable and are not compatible with the legal requirements for checking the precious metal content.
Es ist ferner bekannt, die dünne Wand solcher hohler Schmuckstücke dadurch steifer zu machen, daß man sie profiliert oder mit einem Relief versieht, zum Beispiel mit Rillen, doch schränkt das den Goldschmied in seinen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten ein, und laufen der Zweckbestimmung des Schmucks, zu schmücken, zuwider.It is also known to make the thin wall of such hollow pieces of jewelry stiffer by profiling them or by providing them with a relief, for example with grooves, but this limits the goldsmith's design options and is intended to decorate the jewelry , contrary.
Aus der DE 244 074 ist es bekannt, hohle Schmuckgegenstände wie Knöpfe und Schnallen, die aus einem Bodenteil und einer durch Aufstülpen und Umbördeln oder Verlöten an diesem Bodenteil befestigten Metallkappe bestehen und deren Metallkappe eine Vertiefung aufweist, welche einen Emailbelag aufnehmen soll, mit Asbestpappe oder einem ähnlichen weichen, schmiegsamen und feuerfesten Material auszufüllen, um das Einbrennen des Emails und das Verlöten der Metallkappe mit dem Bodenteil zu ermöglichen.From DE 244 074 it is known to hollow items of jewelry such as buttons and buckles, which consist of a base part and a metal cap fastened to this base part by fitting and flanging or soldering and whose metal cap has a recess which is intended to receive an enamel coating, with asbestos cardboard or a similar soft, pliable and fireproof material to fill in to allow the enamel to burn in and the metal cap to be soldered to the base.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen weiteren Weg aufzuzeigen, wie solche dünnwandigen Schmuckstücke auf einfache Weise auch ohne einen stützenden Kern und ohne zusätzlichen Edelmetalleinsatz stabilisiert werden können.The present invention has for its object to show another way how such thin-walled jewelry can be stabilized in a simple manner without a supporting core and without additional use of precious metals.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Hohlkörper mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.This object is achieved by a hollow body with the features specified in claim 1.
Erfindungsgemäß werden echte Schmuckstücke, die als dünnwandige Hohlkörper hergestellt sind, dadurch stabilisiert, daß in der Außenseite des Hohlkörpers eine oder mehrere flache Einbuchtungen vorgesehen sind, die durch eine Umrandung begrenzt sind und in welchen sich eine Schicht aus einem Email oder aus einem Lack befindet, wobei die Verwendung eines Emails bevorzugt ist. Auf die Weise werden zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe geschlagen: Einerseits wird die dünne Edelmetallwand durch einen Emailauftrag stabilisiert, andererseits erschließt sich dem Goldschmied dadurch auch bei dünnwandigen, durch Elektroforming hergestellten Schmuckstücken eine weitere Gestaltungsmöglichkeit durch den Emailauftrag, welche es bislang nur bei Schmuckstücken aus getriebenem oder gegossenem Edelmetall gab, wo man die dafür erforderlichen Vertiefungen mit ihren Umrandungen von vornherein mitgegossen oder durch Erodieren, Fräsen oder dergleichen gebildet hat, was bei dünnwandigen Elektroforming-Teilen grundsätzlich nicht möglich ist. Bei Elektroforming-Teilen kann man die flachen Vertiefungen oder Einbuchtungen dadurch bilden, daß man sie von vornherein im Formkern vorsieht, dessen Oberfläche durch den elektrolytischen Abscheidevorgang abgebildet wird. Das Emaillieren als Mittel zur mechanischen Stabilisierung einzusetzen, konnte das bekannte Emaillieren von gegossenen oder getriebenen Schmuckstücken nicht nahelegen, da bei ihnen das Email in keinem Fall dazu eingesetzt wurde, um eine dünne Wand zu stabilisieren, sondern ausschließlich aus dekorativen Gründen. Hohle Schmuckstücke, die so dünnwandig sind, daß ihre mechanische Stabilität ein Problem darstellt, werden nur durch Elektroforming hergestellt.According to the invention, real pieces of jewelry which are produced as thin-walled hollow bodies are stabilized in that one or more flat indentations are provided in the outside of the hollow body, which are delimited by a border and in which there is a layer of an enamel or a lacquer, the use of an email is preferred. On the Two birds are killed with one stone: On the one hand, the thin precious metal wall is stabilized by an enamel application, on the other hand, the goldsmith also opens up a further design option with the enamel order, even with thin-walled jewelry made by electroforming, which was previously only possible with jewelry made from cast or cast Precious metal existed where the necessary recesses with their borders were cast from the start or formed by eroding, milling or the like, which is fundamentally not possible with thin-walled electroforming parts. In the case of electroforming parts, the flat depressions or indentations can be formed by providing them in the mold core from the outset, the surface of which is imaged by the electrolytic deposition process. Using enamelling as a means of mechanical stabilization could not suggest the well-known enamelling of cast or embossed pieces of jewelry, since the enamel was never used to stabilize a thin wall, but only for decorative reasons. Hollow pieces of jewelry that are so thin-walled that their mechanical stability is a problem are only produced by electroforming.
Die Umrandung, welche die Einbuchtung begrenzt, begrenzt zugleich die Ausbreitung des Emails oder Lacks, welches bzw. welcher nicht über die Umrandung hinwegfließen kann.The border that delimits the indentation also limits the spread of the enamel or lacquer, which cannot flow over the border.
Besonders geeignet sind niedrig schmelzende Emails, die beim Schmelzen die dünne Wand des Hohlkörpers nicht ungebührlich beanspruchen. Sie können pulverförmig aufgetragen und in einem Ofen, zum Beispiel in einem kleinen Durchlaufofen, rationell verarbeitet werden.Low-melting enamels, which do not unduly stress the thin wall of the hollow body during melting, are particularly suitable. They can be applied in powder form and processed efficiently in an oven, for example in a small continuous oven.
Die Umrandung umschließt vorzugsweise einen ebenen Boden der Einbuchtung, was für eine flächige, dekorative Gestaltung besonders günstig ist, andererseits aber auch den Emailauftrag erleichtert. Weitere Profilierungen, zum Beispiel Rillungen, sind zur Stabilisierung des Hohlkörpers nicht erforderlich.The border preferably encloses a flat bottom of the indentation, which is particularly favorable for a flat, decorative design, but on the other hand also facilitates the application of enamel. Additional profiles, such as scoring, are not required to stabilize the hollow body.
Im Innern können die Hohlkörper einen konventionellen Aufbau haben; der Formkern kann wie üblich ausgeschmolzen oder sonstwie herausgelöst werden und der Hohlkörper kann irgendwelche Mechaniken, zum Beispiel ein Schließteil oder Befestigungsteil für eine Öse, aufnehmen, ferner auch Verstärkungen für besonders beanspruchte Bereiche, wie in der DE-C-3918920 offenbart.Inside, the hollow bodies can have a conventional structure; the mold core can be melted out as usual or otherwise removed and the hollow body can accommodate any mechanics, for example a closing part or fastening part for an eyelet, and also reinforcements for particularly stressed areas, as disclosed in DE-C-3918920.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Schließe für eine Perlenkette, welche in
- Figur 1 in Draufsicht, in
- Figur 2 im Längsschnitt und in
- Figur 3 in einer Schrägansicht dargestellt ist.
- Figure 1 in plan view, in
- Figure 2 in longitudinal section and in
- Figure 3 is shown in an oblique view.
Die Schließe 1, welche an einer Perlenkette 2 angebracht ist, hat einen Hohlkörper 3 von ovalem Grundriß. Es handelt sich dabei um einen flachen Hohlkörper mit einer schwach gewölbten Umfangswand 4, welche zwei Seitenwände 5 und 6 miteinander verbindet, welche im wesentlichen parallel zueinander verlaufen und beide eine flache Einbuchtung 7 bzw. 8 haben, welche durch einen stufenförmigen Rand 9 bzw. 10 umrandet und begrenzt sind. Die Einbuchtungen 7 und 8 haben einen ebenen Boden 11 bzw. 12, auf welchem jeweils eine Emailschicht 13 bzw. 14 haftet.The clasp 1, which is attached to a pearl necklace 2, has a hollow body 3 of oval outline. It is a flat hollow body with a slightly curved peripheral wall 4, which connects two side walls 5 and 6 to one another, which run essentially parallel to one another and both have a flat indentation 7 and 8, respectively, which are formed by a step-shaped edge 9 and 10 are bordered and delimited. The indentations 7 and 8 have a flat bottom 11 or 12, on each of which an enamel layer 13 or 14 adheres.
Die Schließe ist auf konventionelle Weise mit der Perlenkette verbunden; der Faden 15, auf welchen die Perlen aufgereiht sind, ist am einen Ende mit einem Befestigungsteil 16 verknotet, am anderen Ende 17 mit einer V-förmigen Rastfeder 17 verbunden, welche durch eine Öffnung 18 in den Hohlkörper 3 eingeführt wird und am Rand der Öffnung 18 einrastet.The clasp is connected to the pearl necklace in a conventional way; the thread 15, on which the beads are lined up, is knotted at one end with a fastening part 16, at the other end 17 with a V-shaped catch spring 17, which is inserted through an opening 18 into the hollow body 3 and at the edge of the opening 18 snaps into place.
Die Wandstärke des Hohlkörpers 3 ist in Figur 2 übertrieben dick dargestellt.The wall thickness of the hollow body 3 is shown exaggeratedly thick in FIG.
Claims (2)
- Thin walled, hollow body made of precious metal or of an alloy of precious metal by an electro-forming process for use as jewellery, characterized in that in the outer surface of the hollow body (3) there is provided at least one flat recess (7, 8) which is delimited by a boundary (9, 10) and in which there is a layer (13, 14) consisting of an enamel or of a lacquer.
- Hollow body according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess (7, 8) has a plane bottom (11, 12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4434413A DE4434413C1 (en) | 1994-09-26 | 1994-09-26 | Thin-walled hollow body made of a precious metal or a precious metal alloy for use as jewelry or jewelry |
DE4434413 | 1994-09-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0702910A2 EP0702910A2 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
EP0702910A3 EP0702910A3 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
EP0702910B1 true EP0702910B1 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
Family
ID=6529257
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95115102A Expired - Lifetime EP0702910B1 (en) | 1994-09-26 | 1995-09-26 | Thin walled, hollow body made of precious metal or alloy of precious metals, used as jewel or jewellery item |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0702910B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE191319T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4434413C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2224892B1 (en) * | 2004-07-26 | 2006-06-01 | Clemente Navarro Fabregat, S.A. | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF JEWELRY PARTS AND JEWELRY PARTS OBTAINED. |
ITVI20050097A1 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-10-06 | Worldgem Brands Gestao E Investimentos Lda | PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRECIOUS OBJECTS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED SO |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE244074C (en) * | ||||
EP0195132A3 (en) * | 1985-03-19 | 1986-11-20 | Juwedor GmbH | Process for manufacturing precious metal jewels, and jewels thus obtained |
IN174705B (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1995-02-18 | Daya Ranjit Senanayake | |
DE9104752U1 (en) * | 1991-04-18 | 1991-06-13 | J. Hundt KG, 5657 Haan | Decorative element |
GB2263858B (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1996-07-17 | Woolley Jewellers Limited L | Jewelry |
DE4228716C2 (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1994-07-21 | John Joyce | Domed jewelry plate and process for its manufacture |
DE29500989U1 (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1995-04-13 | Kroll-Vogel, Peter, Mallorca | Decorative and collector's badge |
-
1994
- 1994-09-26 DE DE4434413A patent/DE4434413C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-09-26 DE DE59508123T patent/DE59508123D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-26 AT AT95115102T patent/ATE191319T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-26 EP EP95115102A patent/EP0702910B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4434413C1 (en) | 1996-03-21 |
EP0702910A2 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
ATE191319T1 (en) | 2000-04-15 |
DE59508123D1 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
EP0702910A3 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
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