Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B45/00—Means for securing grinding wheels on rotary arbors
  • B24B45/006—Quick mount and release means for disc-like wheels, e.g. on power tools
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • B27B5/00—Sawing machines working with circular or cylindrical saw blades; Components or equipment therefor
  • B27B5/29—Details; Component parts; Accessories
  • B27B5/30—Details; Component parts; Accessories for mounting or securing saw blades or saw spindles
  • B27B5/32—Devices for securing circular saw blades to the saw spindle

Definitions

• the present invention of clamping device for fast axial mounting of tools esspecialy the disk-shaped ones complies to classes B24B 45/00 and B 24B 23/02 of the International Patent Classification.
• the proposed solution of clamping device solves the problem of fast clamping and releasing tools, especially disk-shaped tools (e.g. grinding wheels, circular saw blades) manually, without using an additional tool, and by applying minimum force.
• disk-shaped tools e.g. grinding wheels, circular saw blades
• the lever reaches in the radial direction above the cylindrical surface which, while the machine is in operation, rotates and can in a certain moment hit the workpiece, which would cause a shock to the machine. This can be dangerous for the operator.
• Tools are held onto the driving shafts of machines the frictional force which is attained by pressing the tool between two flanges placed at the end of the driving shaft.
• the inner flange is in a non-rotating form-to- form link with the driving shaft, the outer flange being screwed onto the threaded end of the driving shaft in such a way that the axial force of the screw joint presses against the tool, and over the tool the force is transmitted to the inner flange.
• the frictional force occurring between the contact surfaces of the flanges and the tool transmits the torque and the rotation from the driving shaft to the tool.
• the influential parameters and the dimensions of the flanges and the driving shaft, respectively, are made such that in no case a slide of the tool between the flanges may occur. Should the torque on the tool increase considerably (e.g. due to a forced blocking of the tool), an additional self-tightening of the outer flange occurs whereby the axial force and thereby the frictional force between the flanges and the tool increase and block the tool from sliding.
• Fig. 1 Reduced longitudinal cross-section through a clamping device mounted on the driving shaft of a portable angle grinder.
• Fig. 2 developed into the plane.
• Fig. 8 Reduced longitudinal cross-section of the third variant of a clamping device mounted on the driving shaft of a portable angle grinder
• FIG. 9 Reduced partial cross-section along the F-F line of the variant shown in Fig. 8
• FIG. 10 Reduced partial cross-section along the H-H line of the variant shown in Fig. 9
• Figure 1 shows a reduced longitudinal cross-section through the driving shaft 1 of a portable angle grinder, the shaft ending up in a threaded piece 2 whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the driving shaft 1.
• the threaded piece 2 consists of a cylindrical part 3 and a threaded end 4 of the driving shaft 1.
• a flange 6 rests on the ring-shaped surface 5 between the driving shaft 1 and the threaded piece 2, the flange 6 being linked with the driving shaft 1 in a non-rotating form-to-form way.
• the centering hole on the flange 6 touches the cylindrical part 3 of the threaded piece 2, whereby it is centred, in radial direction, to the driving shaft 1.
• the clamping device 11 Concentrically to the centring hole 7 lies the outer centring surface 8 of the flange 6 on which a grinding wheel 10 is centred over the centring hole 9.
• the clamping device 11 On the opposite side of the flange 6, the clamping device 11 under present invention is screwed onto the threaded piece 2 in such a way that that the grinding wheel 10 is pressed between the flange 6 and the clamping device 11.
• the clamping device 11 has two flanges 12 and 14 which face each other in the axial direction.
• the inner flange 12 which presses against the grinding wheel 10 is relatively flat and fitted with a centring hole 13 whose diameter increases gradually on the side of the grinding wheel to a diameter slightly bigger than the diameter of the centring hole 9 on the grinding wheel 10.
• the outer flange 14 consists of a relatively flat part and a central tubular part 15 which reaches through the hole 13 of the . inner flange 12. At the place where the hole 13 changes its diameter there is a recess 16 on the ring-shaped part 15 into which a circlip 17 is inserted in order to stop both flanges from moving apart, joining them in this way into a whole.
• the outer flange 14 has a nut hole in its centre with an inner thread 18 which engages the outer thread of the threaded piece 2. In the axial direction both flanges 14 and 12 are fitted with teeth 19 and 20 turned towards each other or towards the interior of the clamping device 11.
• the teeth 19 and 20 when shown in a longitudinal cross-section have the approximate shape of a right-angled triangle whose longest side is slanted by a ⁇ angle towards the plane lying rectangularly to the ' driving shaft's 1 axis, and since the teeth are wider in the radial direction, left screw planes 21 and 22 are formed making up one plane of the teeth 19 and 20.
• the clamping force of the outer flange 14 screwed onto the driving shaft 1 is transmitted to the inner flange 12, which presses against the grinding wheel 10.
• the grinding wheel 10 rests against the flange 6 which rests, via the ring-shaped surface 5, against the driving shaft 1 , where the clamping force is intercepted.
• Both flanges 12 and 14 have extruding thumbs 23 and 24 running in the radial direction.
• the extruding thumbs 23 are linked in the longitudinal direction with the inner flange 12, while in the radial direction they reach from the outer surface 25 of the teeth 20 outwards.
• the extruding thumbs 24 are linked in the longitudinal direction with the outer flange 14, while in the radial direction they reach from the outer surface 26 of the teeth 19 outwards.
• extruded parts 27 are placed which have the shape of small cylinders or wedges with a semi-circular ending on the thicker side.
• the extruded parts 27 touch the extruding thumbs 23 and 24 on the surfaces 38 and 39 facing each other in the direction of rotation.
• a ring 28 reaches in the longitudinal direction with the thickness of its wall decreasing at both ends. Over the ring-shaped surfaces 29 and 30 thus formed reach the surfaces 43 and 42 of the flanges 12 and 14 which stop the ring 28 from falling out in the longitudinal direction.
• the outer surface 41 of the ring 28 is ribbed, which facilitates the screwing and unscrewing of the clamping device 11.
• the ring 28 In the radial direction, the ring 28 is fitted with relatively narrow catching thumbs 33 which reach in the radial direction approximately to the outer surface 25 and 26 of the teeth 19 and 20. Between the catching thumbs 33 and the extruding thumbs 24 there are pressure springs 34. A little further clockwise (arrow 4) the ring 28 is in radial direction fitted with positioning thumbs (35) which are a little shorter than the catching thumbs 33. Between the thumbs 33 and 35 reach in longitudinal direction unscrewing projections 36 which are fixedly linked with the outer flange 14. The positioning thumbs 35 rest in the direction of rotation on positioning projections 37 which are also fixedly linked with the outer flange 14.
• the mutual position of the recesses 32 towards the positioning thumbs 35 and the mutual position of the positioning projections 37 towards the extruding thumbs 24 is defined so that a angle is formed between the common tangents running through the contact points on the extruded parts 27 and recesses 32 and the perpendiculars to the symmetrals running radially through the centre of the extruded part 27. This angle being a little smaller than the self-sliding angle.
• the mutual position and shape of contact surfaces 38 and 39 on the extruding thumbs 23 and 24 and the position of the recesses 32 are defined by the tangents to the surface of the extruded parts 27 running through the common contact points on the extruded parts and the surfaces 38 and 39 on the extruding thumbs 23 and 24 forming a 2 ⁇ £ angle.
• the angle c is a little bigger than the self-sliding angle.
• the contact surfaces 38 and 39 are shaped in such a way that the 2 cC angle is preserved even at a slight mutual turn of the flanges 12 and 14.
• Mutual position of the extruding thumbs 24 towards the position of the teeth 19 and of the extruding thumbs 23 towards the position of the teeth 20 is defined with the teeth 19 and 20 being slightly separated in the direction of rotation.
• the axial force appears on the flange 6, and this too is transmitted over the surface 5 to the driving shaft 1. Being transmitted over the screw surfaces 21 and 22, the axial force causes, owing to the gradient angle tf of these surfaces in the self-sliding area, that the teeth 19 try to slide alongside the screw surfaces 21 and 22 and thereby to turn the outer flange 14 anti-clockwise (arrow 45). This turn is prevented by the extruded parts 27 against which rest the extruding thumbs
• Figure 6 shows the second variant of the clamping device (111). All parts corresponding to the first variant are marked with the same numbers plus 100, and in order to avoid repetition, the descriptions of the first variant should be taken into account.
• the second variant of clamping device 111 which is illustrated in figures 6 and 7, differs from the first variant in that the release of axial pressure is achieved through a shift of the ring 128 in the longitudinal outward direction (arrow 151).
• the latter is fitted approximately at the level of the outer flange 114 with a ring-shaped projection.
• the shift of the ring 128 outwards is more favourable for e.g. clamping the grinding wheels 110 whose clamping surface is recessed and access to to the surface 141 of the ring 128 is difficult.
• Such direction of releasing the axial pressure is achieved with the inner surface 132 of the ring 128 being shaped approximately as the curved surface of a truncated cone having its wider part on the side of the grinding wheel 110 and the lh angle against the cone axis.
• the shape of the extruded parts 127 is adapted, the extruded parts having with this variant the shape of balls or of wedges with a semi-global ending on the wider side.
• the ring 128 is fitted in the longitudinal direction with the catching projections 152 which reach between the flanges 114 and 112.
• the catching projections 152 are fitted in the longitudinal direction with recesses 153 which end up on the inner flange's side with partition walls 154.
• recesses 153 Into the recesses 153 reach, in the longitudinal direction, catching thumbs 155 of tubular shape with a closed hole at the flange's 114 side. In this way the ring 128 and the outer flange 114 are fixedly linked in the direction of rotation.
• there are pressure springs 156 which, with the one end, press against the outer flange 114, and with the other side, to the partition walls 154 which rest on the inner flange 112. The springs force is intercepted at the circlip 117.
• Figure 12 shows the constructional solution II of blocking the ring 28.
• various vibrations occur, also in the direction of rotation.
• Such vibrations may cause, in a certain case, especially at a smaller spring force, a gradual shift of the ring 28 in the anti-clockwise direction, and thereby an automatic release of the clamping device, which, however is not permissible, as it may cause automatic unscrewing of the clamping device and possible breaking of the grinding wheel.
• the ring 28 may be linked with the inner flange 12 or the outer flange 14 for example with a flat spring 46. On the other side the flat spring 46 is fixed with e.g.
• the outer flange 14 and reaches into the recess 47 on the ring 28. With this the automatic turn of the ring 28 is prevented, which means an enhanced automatic release of the clamping device itself.
• the spring 47 Prior to turning the ring 28, the spring 47 should be lifted, which makes it possible to turn the ring 28. As the ring 28 is, through this additional solution in the form of the spring 47, blocked against turning, the angle may be greater than the self-sliding angle, which upon the release of the ring 28 facilitates or even causes a self-turn.
• Figure 11 shows the constructional solution I of blocking the ring 28.
• the blocking of the ring 28 may be also carried out with an additional ring 48, which reaches over the ring 28.
• a pressure spring 49 is placed inside the ring 48, which rests with the one side against the ring 28 and with the other against the ring 48.
• the ring 48 which is linked , in the direction of rotation, with the ring 28 and has a projection 50 in the form of a nose reaching into the recesses 51 and 52 of the ring 28, or of the outer flange 14. Through moving the ring 50 upwards (arrow 53) the turn of the ring 28 is released and thereby the deblocking of the clamping device and of the grinding wheel can be achieved.
• the flanges 212 or 214 may be fitted with teeth 219, 220 having right screw surfaces. Because of this also the linking of the extruding thumbs changes in such a way that the extruding thumbs 223 are linked with the outer flange 214, whereas the extruding thumbs 224 are linked with the inner flange 212. In this way, when a slide occurs, the extruding thumbs 223 and 224 move closer to each other and thus push out the extruded part 227.
• the operation of the clamping device itself is similar to the operation of a device whose teeth are equipped with left screw surfaces, except that the in the case of the right screw surfaces the flange 214 rotates clockwise, and the difference between the gradient (slope) of the winding surfaces 221 or 222 and the gradient of the threads 218 releases the flange 214.
• the recesses 232 can also be shaped in such a way that the initial angle at the turn of the ring 228 anti-clockwise (arrow 45) can increase, stay unchanged, or decrease, it can also be 0° or a combination of the above values.
• the increase of the ⁇ angle decreases the necessary force for the turn, whereas the decrease of the angle causes a lesser movement of the extruded parts 227 at the same angular turn of the ring 228 and thereby a bigger turn of the ring 228 until the clamping device is released.
• the inner surface 232 in the second variant has the shape of the curved surface of a truncated cone with the wider part on the side of the grinding wheel with its angle towards the axis of the cone.
• the inner surface 232 can also be shaped in such a way that the angle increases upon the move of the ring upwards. With this a greater move of the extruded parts 227 is achieved while the move of the ring 228 remains the same, which decreases the necessary move of the ring 228 and thereby indirectly also decreases the height of the clamping device 211.
• the release of the clamping device 211 in the proposed constructional solution is achieved by moving the ring 228 upwards in the direction of the arrow 281.
• the ring 228 is fitted, approximately at the level of the outer flange 214, with a ring-shaped projection 282.
• the ring 228 turns also slightly anti-clockwise in the direction of the arrow 245.
• the catching thumbs 233 are fitted, in the longitudinal direction, with blind holes 283 with the opening at the side of the outer flange 214, in which there are pressure springs 284, the other side of which rests against the outer flange 214 in such a way that the ring 228 presses against the inner flange 212.
• the catching thumbs 233 are fitted with cone- shaped projections 285 with a £ angle reaching into the blind holes 286 on the inner flange 212, whose walls are cut off at a € angle.
• the extruded parts 227 are shaped so as to fit, as well as possible, onto the contact surfaces 238 and 239 on the extruding thumbs 223 and 224, and into the recesses 232 on the ring 228.
• the extruded parts 227 may have the shape of a globe, a ball- or cylindrical-ended wedge, a cylinder, or they can also have a combination of the above shapes.
• the angles J, ⁇ , £ are functionally interconnected and can assume various values.
• the S angle can be bigger than the automatic sliding angle, or it can be smaller.
• a circumferential force appears on the ring 228 due to the radial force applied by the extruded parts 227 to the recesses 232, this circumferential force acting in the anti-clockwise direction (arrow 45), trying to turn the ring 228 in this direction.
• This turn is partly prevented by the springs 234 and the projections 285 which link the ring 228 with the inner flange 212 and prevent the al turn of the mentioned parts.
• the ring 228 should be moved slightly outwards in the longitudinal direction in the direction of the arrow 281, so that the projections 285 reach out of the holes 286. Such a shift is strongly facilitated by making the S angle slightly smaller than the self-sliding angle. Due to the circumferential force applied on the ring 228, a frictional force appears between the projections 285 and the holes 286, where the circumferential force is intercepted.
• the projections 285 and the holes 286 are formed with the € angle, which is defined with the ring 228 in the self-holding area in upwards movement in the direction of the arrow 281. As the 6 angle is greater than the self-sliding angle, the ring 228 turns anti-clockwise in the direction of the arrow 245. With this the axial force is also released.
• the ring 228 When the angle S is smaller than the self-sliding angle the ring 228 should upon changing the grinding wheel 210 be both moved upwards in the direction of the arrow 281 and slightly turned anti-clockwise.
• the ⁇ angle equals 0°
• the 3 and £ angles are relatively big, which causes the appearance of a relatively strong longitudinal force upwards in the direction of the arrow 281 , which helps to overcome the frictional force between the extruded parts 227 and the recesses 232 and facilitates the moving of the ring 228 upwards in the direction of the arrow 281.
• the ⁇ , S , € angles must be chosen so that it is as light as possible to move the ring upwards, and the exchange of the grinding wheel 210 is easy and simple.
• the advantages of the clamping devices 11, 111, 211 described above are in their reliable operation and very small force necessary to change the grinding wheels 10, 110, 210. It is a well-known fact that when using angle grinders in the open air or in humid places, the screw surfaces 18 may get rusty, which considerably increases the frictional force between the threads. Thus it may occur that, despite the release of motion of the flanges 14, 114, 214 and 12, 112, 212 in the direction of the turn, at a relatively small ⁇ angle of the screw surfaces 21 or 22, there is no slide alongside these surfaces and the clamping device 11, 111, 211 cannot be unscrewed without the use of an additional tool.
• the increase of the V angle increases the force necessary to turn or move the ring 28, 128, 228, and thereby a release of movement of the flanges 14, 114, 214 or 12, 112, 212.
• the described solution of the clamping device 11, 111, 211 makes it possible, despite a relatively big tf angle, the turn or move of the ring 28, 128, 228 by applying a minimum force. This is achieved with the -AL angle being only slightly bigger than the self-sliding angle, and the angle being only slightly smaller than the self-sliding angle.
• a further advantage of the described clamping device 11, 111, 211 is in that it is very low and in this way it is not in the way of the user when working with an angle grinder.
• the clamping device 11, 111, 211 is very cost-effective, since it has very few component parts.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-04-26 AU AU67644/94A patent/AU6764494A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-04-26 WO PCT/SI1994/000005 patent/WO1994025221A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-04-26 EP EP94915746A patent/EP0702614A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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