EP0700425B1 - Composition d'huile lubrifiante - Google Patents

Composition d'huile lubrifiante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0700425B1
EP0700425B1 EP94918149A EP94918149A EP0700425B1 EP 0700425 B1 EP0700425 B1 EP 0700425B1 EP 94918149 A EP94918149 A EP 94918149A EP 94918149 A EP94918149 A EP 94918149A EP 0700425 B1 EP0700425 B1 EP 0700425B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
oil composition
carbon atoms
oil
composition
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EP94918149A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0700425A4 (fr
EP0700425A1 (fr
Inventor
Katsuya Arai
Satoshi Asano
Sadao Wada
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/045—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
    • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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    • C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
    • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
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    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
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    • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
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    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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    • C10N2040/251—Alcohol fueled engines
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    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel lubricating oil composition, in particular, a lubricating oil composition having improved friction reducing properties and wear resistance and suitable for use as a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines, automatic transmissions, suspension and power steering wheels, particularly as a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines.
  • Lubricating oils are usually used for smoothing the operation of internal combustion engines, driving mechanisms such as automatic transmissions, suspensions and power stearings, and gears. Particularly, engine oils are effective in lubricating mainly sliding parts such as a piston ring and a cylinder liner, bearings of a crank shaft or a connecting rod, and valve trains including cams and valve lifters; in cooling the engine; in cleaning and dispersing combustion products; and in preventing rust formation and corrosion.
  • a friction modifier is added to the lubricating oil in order to minimize the friction loss and improve the fuel consumption.
  • extreme-pressure additives such as molybdenum compounds and phosphoric esters and oiliness improvers such as fatty acid esters and alkylamines are usually used.
  • ZnDTP and ZnDTC protect the metal surface from wear due to metal/metal contact by forming a protective film thereon, while the friction modifier also forms a low-friction film by the adsorption onto the metal surface, by the reaction therewith or by the formation of a polymer on the metal surface to reduce the friction.
  • the present invention has been completed after investigations made for the purpose of providing a lubricating oil composition having improved friction reduction and antiwear properties and suitable for use as a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines, automatic transmissions, suspension and power steering wheels, particularly as a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines.
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, mainly one having secondary alkyl groups, a calcium sulfonate and a calcium salicylate as a metallic detergent and sulfurized oxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate in specified proportions.
  • the present invention has been completed on the basis of this finding.
  • the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition
  • a base oil containing (A) from 0.04 to 0.12% by weight (in terms of phosphorus), based on the whole composition, of a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate containing 50 to 100% by weight (in terms of phosphorus), based on the total phosphorus content, of a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate having secondary alkyl groups and 50 to 0% by weight (in terms of phosphorus), based on the total phosphorus content, of a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate having primary alkyl groups, (B) 1.0 to 3.0% by weight of a calcium sulfonate and 0.3 to 2.5% by weight of a calcium salicylate, and (C) 50 to 2,000 ppm (in terms of molybdenum) of a sulfurized oxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate containing at least one hydrocarbon group having 8 to 23 carbon atoms, wherein the oil composition is characterized by having a total base number
  • the base oil usable as the major component in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • Base oils are those usually used in ordinary lubricating oils, such as mineral oils and synthetic oils.
  • the mineral oils include, for example, 60 neutral oil, 100 neutral oil, 150 neutral oil, 300 neutral oil and 500 neutral oil obtained by solvent refining or hydrotreating; and low pour point base oils prepared by removing a wax from these base oils so as to improve the low-temperature fluidity. They may be used either singly or in the form of a mixture of two or more of them in a proper ratio.
  • the synthetic oils include, for example, poly- ⁇ -olefin oligomers, diesters, polyol esters and polyglycol esters. They are usable either singly or in the form of a mixture. They are also usable in the form of a mixture with the above-described mineral oil.
  • the mixing weight ratio of the synthetic oil to the mineral oil is, for example, 80:20 to 20:80.
  • a suitable base oil usable in the composition of the present invention is one having a viscosity in the range of 3 to 20 cSt at 100°C. Particularly preferred are hydrocracked products and/or wax isomerized product containing 3.0% by weight or below of an aromatic component and having a sulfur content of 50 ppm or below and a nitrogen content of 50 ppm or below.
  • the component (A) is zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZnDTP).
  • ZnDTP comprises ZnDTP having secondary alkyl groups and ZnDTP having primary alkyl groups in such a proportion that the content of the phosphorus therein is 50 to 100% by weight and 50 to 0% by weight, respectively, based on the total phosphorus content.
  • the ZnDTP having secondary alkyl groups include those of the following general formula:
  • the groups R 1 and R 2 in the general formula [1] each represent a secondary alkyl group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, such as propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl or octadecyl group. They may be the same or different.
  • the ZnDTP having primary alkyl groups include, for example, those of the following general formula:
  • the groups R 3 and R 4 in the general formula [2] each represent a primary alkyl group having 8 to 25 carbon atoms, such as octyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl or eicosyl group. They may be the same or different.
  • the amount of ZnDTP used as the component (A) must be 0.04 to 0.12% by weight (in terms of phosphorus) based on the whole composition.
  • the amount of phosphorus is below 0.05% by weight, the wear resistance is insufficient and, when it is above 0.12% by weight, there is no further significant improvement in wear resistance.
  • the composition of the present invention contains a calcium sulfonate and a calcium salicylate as the metallic detergent (B).
  • the amount of the calcium sulfonate must be 1.0 to 3.0% by weight based on the whole composition. When the amount of calcium sulfonate is below 1.0% by weight, the detergency is insufficient and when it is above 3.0% by weight, the detergency effect is not further increased and the ash content is increased unfavorably.
  • the calcium salicylate must be contained in an amount of 0.3 to 2.5% by weight based on the whole composition. When it is below 0.3% by weight, no sufficient friction reducing properties can be obtained and, when it exceeds 2.5% by weight, the wear resistance is reduced and the ash content is increased unfavorably.
  • R 5 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 8 to 23 carbon atoms, such as octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl, octadecyl or eicosyl group.
  • MoDTC sulfurized oxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate having a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 23 carbon atoms is contained as the component (C) in the composition of the present invention.
  • MoDTC has a structure of the following general formula:
  • the groups R 6 and R 7 in the above general formula [4] each represent a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 23 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 23 carbon atoms include linear and branched alkyl and alkenyl groups having 8 to 23 carbon atoms, and cycloalkyl, aryl alkylaryl and arylalkyl groups having 8 to 23 carbon atoms. Examples of them include 2-ethyl-hexyl, n-octyl, nonyl, decyl, lauryl, tridecyl, palmityl, stearyl, oleyl, eicosyl, butylphenyl and nonylphenyl groups.
  • R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different, and m and n are positive integers such that the sum of them is 4.
  • MoDTC used as the component (C) may be used either singly or in combination of two or more of them.
  • the amount of MoDTC is in the range of 50 to 2,000 ppm (in terms of molybdenum), preferably 100 to 1,000 ppm, based on the whole composition. When the amount of molybdenum is below 50 ppm, no sufficient low-frictional properties can be obtained and when it is above 2,000 ppm, the frictional properties are not further significantly improved.
  • the total base number of the composition of the present invention must be 2 to 13, preferably 4 to 9.
  • the base number is determined according to JIS K 2501 (the unit of the total base number being mgKOH/g).
  • the total base number of the composition of the present invention can be suitably controlled with a calcium sulfonate having a total base number (TBN) of 200 to 300 or a calcium sulfonate having a total base number (TBN) of 10 to 100.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may contain suitable additives usually incorporated into lubricating oils, such as an ashless detergent-dispersant, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, antioxidant, rust inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor, antifoaming agent and other antiwear agent and friction modifier, so far as the object of the present invention is not disturbed thereby.
  • suitable additives usually incorporated into lubricating oils, such as an ashless detergent-dispersant, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, antioxidant, rust inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor, antifoaming agent and other antiwear agent and friction modifier, so far as the object of the present invention is not disturbed thereby.
  • the ashless detergent-dispersant include, for example, succinimides, succinamides, benzylamines and their boron derivatives and esters. They are used in an amount of usually 0.5 to 7% by weight, based on the whole composition.
  • the viscosity index improvers include, for example, polymethacrylates, polyisobutylenes, ethylene/propylene copolymers and hydrogenated styrene/butadiene copolymers. They are used in an amount of usually 0.5 to 35% by weight, based on the whole composition.
  • the antioxidants include, for example, amine antioxidants such as alkylated diphenylamines, phenyl-a-naphthylamines and alkylated ⁇ -naphthylamines, and phenolic antioxidants such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol). They are used in an amount of usually 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on the whole composition.
  • the rust inhibitors include, for example, alkenylsuccinic acids and partial esters thereof.
  • the corrosion inhibitors include, for example, benzotriazole and benzimidazole.
  • the antifoaming agents include, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes and polyacrylates. They can be suitably incorporated into the composition.
  • the coefficient of friction and wear track diameter of the lubricating oil composition were determined as follows:
  • the oil composition according to the invention provides significantly improved coefficient of function, wear track diameter or both over the comparative composition set forth in Table 1-2.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has excellent antiwear properties and also excellent friction reducing properties, and is suitable for use as a lubricating oil for, for example, internal combustion engines, automatic transmissions, suspensions and power steering wheels, particularly as a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition d'huile lubrifiante présentant un indice de basicité compris entre 2 et 13, et comportant (A) 0,04 à 0,12 % en poids (exprimé en terme de phosphore), sur la base de la composition totale, d'un dialkyldithiophosphate de zinc, (B) 1,0 à 3,0 % en poids d'un sulfonate de calcium (indice de basicité 200 à 300) et 0,3 à 2,5 % en poids de salicilate de calcium (indice de basicité 10 à 100) et (C) 50 à 2000 ppm (exprimé en terme de molybdène) de dithiocarbamate d'oxymolybdène soufré contenant un groupe hydrocarbyle présentant 8 à 23 atomes de carbone.

Claims (6)

  1. Composition d'huile lubrifiante comprenant une huile de base contenant (A) 0,04 à 0,12% en poids (en terme de phosphore), par rapport à la composition totale, d'un dialkyl dithiophosphate de zinc contenant 50 à 100% en poids (en terme de phosphore), par rapport à la teneur totale en phosphore, d'un dialkyl dithiophosphate de zinc ayant des groupes alkyle secondaires, et 50 à 0% en poids (en terme de phosphore), par rapport à la teneur en phosphore totale, d'un dialkyl dithiophosphate de zinc ayant des groupes alkyle primaires, (B) 1,0 à 3,0% en poids d'un sulfonate de calcium et 0,3 à 2,5% en poids d'un salicylate de calcium, et (C) 50 à 2000 ppm (en terme de molybdène) d'un dithiocarbamate d'oxymolybdène sulfurisé contenant au moins un groupe hydrocarbure ayant 8 à 23 atomes de carbone, dans laquelle la composition d'huile est caractérisée par un indice de base total de 2 à 13.
  2. Composition d'huile selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'huile de base est une huile hydrocraquée et/ou une huile isomérisée à base de cire contenant 3,0 % en poids ou moins d'un composant aromatique et ayant une teneur en soufre de 50 ppm ou moins et une teneur en azote de 50 ppm ou moins.
  3. Composition d'huile selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le dialkyl dithiophosphate de zinc ayant des groupes alkyle secondaires a pour formule générale :
    Figure 00170001
    dans laquelle R1 et R2 sont chacun indépendamment un groupe alkyle sccondaire ayant 3 à 25 atomes de carbone.
  4. Composition d'huile selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le dialkyl dithiophosphate de zinc ayant des groupes alkyle primaires a pour formule :
    Figure 00180001
    dans laquelle R3 et R4 sont chacun indépendamment un groupe alkyle primaire ayant 8 à 25 atomes de carbone.
  5. Composition d'huile selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le salicylate de calcium a pour formule :
    Figure 00180002
    dans laquelle R5 est un groupe alkyle linéaire, ramifié ou cyclique ayant 8 à 23 atomes de carbone.
  6. Composition d'huile selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le dithiocarbamate d'oxymolybdène sulfurisé a pour formule :
    Figure 00180003
    dans laquelle R6 et R7 sont chacun indépendamment un groupe hydrocarbyle ayant 8 à 23 atomes de carbone et la somme (m + n) est égale à 4.
EP94918149A 1993-05-27 1994-05-27 Composition d'huile lubrifiante Expired - Lifetime EP0700425B1 (fr)

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JP14867093A JP3613530B2 (ja) 1993-05-27 1993-05-27 潤滑油組成物
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PCT/US1994/006002 WO1994028095A1 (fr) 1993-05-27 1994-05-27 Composition d'huile lubrifiante

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EP0700425A4 (fr) 1996-09-18
CA2163206C (fr) 2002-11-26
NO954709L (no) 1995-11-21
NO954709D0 (no) 1995-11-21
AU6959594A (en) 1994-12-20
DE69411563D1 (de) 1998-08-13
JP3613530B2 (ja) 2005-01-26
JPH06336592A (ja) 1994-12-06
WO1994028095A1 (fr) 1994-12-08
NO313012B1 (no) 2002-07-29
DE69411563T2 (de) 1998-12-17
EP0700425A1 (fr) 1996-03-13
AU694122B2 (en) 1998-07-16

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