NO313012B1 - Smöreoljeblanding - Google Patents
Smöreoljeblanding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO313012B1 NO313012B1 NO19954709A NO954709A NO313012B1 NO 313012 B1 NO313012 B1 NO 313012B1 NO 19954709 A NO19954709 A NO 19954709A NO 954709 A NO954709 A NO 954709A NO 313012 B1 NO313012 B1 NO 313012B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- weight
- calculated
- carbon atoms
- mixture according
- Prior art date
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 dithio phosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-carboxyphenolate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003939 benzylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical class C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanediamide Chemical class NC(=O)CCC(N)=O SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VBIGULIJWJPALH-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-carboxyphenolate Chemical class [Ca+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O VBIGULIJWJPALH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001236 detergent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical class [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001522 polyglycol ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/045—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
- C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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Description
Oppfinnelsens bakgrunn
1. Oppfinnelsens felt
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en ny smøreoljeblanding, av den art som er angitt i krav l's ingress, og mer spesielt en smøreoljeblanding med forbedrede friksjonsnedsettende egenskaper og slitresistens og som er egnet som anvendelse som en smøreolje for forbrenningsmotorer, automatgir, opphengs- og servostyrehjul og spesielt som en smøreolje for forbrenningsmotorer.
2. Beskrivelse av beslektet teknikk
Smøreoljer blir vanligvis anvendt for drift av forbrenningsmotorer , drivmekanismer slik som automatiske gir, opphengings- og servostyringer og gir. Mer spesielt vil motorolje være effektiv ved smøring av hovedsakelig gliden-de deler, slik som stempelringer og sylinderforinger, lagre for en veivaksel eller veivstang, og ventiler innbefattende kammer og ventilløftere, for å kjøle maskinen, samt rense og dispergere forbrenningsprodukter og forhindre rust-dannelse og korrosjon.
Således er forskjellige funksjoner krevd av motoroljer, og i den senere tid har også bedre funksjoner blitt krevd når den ønskede virkningsgrad og motoreffekt blir høyere og høyere og driftsbetingelsene enda mer alvorlige. Under disse forhold blir additiver slik som
2korrosjonsinhibitorer, metallsåper, askefrie dispergeringsmidler og anti-oksidanter innarbeidet i motoroljen for å tilfredsstille slike behov.
Det er en viktig grunnfunksjon for en motorolje at motoren arbeider glatt og at oljen forhindrer slitasje og fastbren-ning under enhver gitt betingelse. I de smurte deler av en motor vil en tilstand av fluidsmøring hovedsakelig skje. Imidlertid i ventiltoget og ved topp- og bunndødpunktene for et stempel vil en tilstand av grensesmøring kunne skje. Ved slik grenseflatesmøring blir slitasje vanligvis forhin-dret ved tilsetning av sinkditiofosfat (SnDTP) eller sink ditiokarbaraat (SnDTC).
EP-A-418860 beskriver en smøreolje for en forbrennings-motor. Smøreoljen omfatter en basisolje, samt molybdenium ditiokarbamat, ytterligere kan oljen være tilsatt additiver slik som sink-ditiofosfat, jordalkaliemetallsulfonater og jordalkalimetallsalisylater.
US-4832867 beskriver en smøreolje, beregnet for bruk blant annet i forbrenningsmotorer. Smøreoljen består av minst en organofosfor komponent og en organomolybden komponent i en basisolje. I tillegg kan additiver slik som sinkdialkyl-difosfater, sulfater og salisylater være tilsatt i blandingen .
Fordi energitapet i friksjonsdelene hvori smøreoljen deltar er høy i motoren, blir en friksjonsmodifiserende del (FM) tilsatt til smøreoljen for å nedsette friksjonstapet og forbedre brennstoff-forbruket. Som friksjonsmodifiserende bestanddeler blir vanligvis anvendt ekstrem-trykk additiver slik som molybden-forbindelser og fosforestere og oljefor-bedrere slik som fettsyre-estere og alkylaminer.
Imidlertid når det anvendes en kombinasjon av anti-slita-sjemiddelet og den friksjonsmodifiserende bestanddel anvendes, vil funksjonen av begge to ikke fullt utnyttes pga. deres konkurrerende adsorpsjon på metalloverflaten. Mer spesielt vil ZnDTP og ZnDTC beskytte metalloverflåtene mot slitasje som følge av metall/metallkontakt ved å danne en beskyttende film derpå, mens den friksjonsmodifiserende bestanddel også danner en lavfriksjonsfilm ved adsorpsjon på metalloverflaten, ved reaksjon med denne eller ved dannelse av en polymer på metalloverflaten for å nedsette friksjonen. Derfor når både ZnDTP eller ZnDTC og den friksjonsmodifiserende bestanddel tilsettes smøreoljen, vil adsorpsjonsmengden av ZnDTP og ZnDTC nedsettes som følge av den konkurrerende adsorpsjon på metalloverflaten og vil nedsette slitasjeresistensen eller det vil ikke oppnås tilstrekkelig friksjonsreduserende effekt selv ved tilsetning av den friksjonsmodifiserende bestanddel.
På den annen side vil samvirkning mellom ZnDTP eller ZnDTC og visse detergent-dispergeringsmidler kunne skje for å nedsette slitasjeresistensen. Ytterligere kan visse additiver slik som detergent-dispergeringsmiddelet utvise en innvirkning på den friksjonsmodifiserende bestanddel. Således må valget av andre additiver slik som detergent-dispergeringsmiddelet og konsentrasjoner derav tas med i betraktning.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse er tilveiebrakt etter undersøkelse i den hensikt å tilveiebringe en smøreoljeblanding med forbedret friksjonsnedsettende og anti-slitasje egenskaper og egnet for anvendelse som en smøreolje for forbrenningsmotorer, automatgir, opphengings- og servostyringshjul, mer spesielt som smøreolje for forbrenningsmotorer.
Sammendrag av oppfinnelsen
Etter omfattende undersøkelse utført i den hensikt å ut-vikle en smøreoljeblanding med de ovenfor nevnte utmerkede egenskaper er det funnet at formålet kan oppnås med en smøreoljeblanding omfattende sink-dialkyl-ditiofosfater som hovedsakelig har en sekundær alkylgruppe, et kalsium-sulfonat og et kalsium-salisylat som en metallisk detergent og svovlet oksymolybden-ditiokarbamat i spesifiserte andeler. 01jeblandingen er særpreget ved det som er angitt i krav l's karakteristiske del, ytterligere trekk fremgår av kravene 2 - 6.
Spesielt tilveiebringer oppfinnelsen en smøreoljeblanding omfattende en basisolje inneholdende (A) 0,04-0,12 vekt%
(regnet som fosfor), basert på hele sammensetningen av et
sink-dialkylditiofosfat inneholdende 50-100 vekt% (regnet som fosfor), basert på det totale fosforinnhold, av et sink-dialkyl-ditiofosfat med sekundære alkylgrupper og 50-0 vekt% (regnet som fosfor), regnet på det totale fosforinnhold, av et sink-dialkyl-ditiofosfat med primære alkylgrupper, (B) 1,0-3,0 vekt% av et kalsium-sulfonat og 0,3-2,5 vekt% kalsium-salisylat og (C) 50-2000 ppm (regnet som molybden) av et svovlet oksymolybden-ditiokarbamat inneholdende minst én hydrokarbongruppe med 8-23 karbon-atomer og hvor oljeblandingen er særpreget ved å ha et totalt basistall på 2-13.
Detaljert beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen
Basisoljen som er egnet som hovedbestanddelen i smøreolje-blandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen er ikke spesielt begrenset. Basisoljer er de som vanligvis anvendes i vanlige smøre-oljer, slik som mineraloljer og syntetiske oljer.
Mineraloljene innbefatter eksempelvis 60 nøytralolje, 100 nøytralolje, 150 nøytralolje, 300 nøytralolje og 500
nøytralolje erholdt ved oppløsningsmiddel-raffinering eller hydrofining, samt basisoljer med lavt hellepunkt fremstilt ved fjerning av voks ved disse basisoljer for å forbedre lavtemperatur fluiditeten. De kan enten anvendes alene eller i form av en blanding av to eller flere i passende forhold.
De syntetiske oljer innbefatter eksempelvis poly-a-olefin oligomerer, diestere, polyolestere og polyglykolestere. De kan anvendes alene eller i form av en blanding. De er også anvendbare i form av en blanding av den ovenfor nevnte mineralolje. Blandevektforholdet av syntetisk olje til mineralolje er eksempelvis 80:20 til 20:80.
En egnet basisolje for anvendelse i blanding av foreliggende oppfinnelse er en som har en viskositet i området 3-
20 cST ved 100°C. Spesielt foretrukne er hydrokrakkede produkter og/eller voksisomeriserte produkter inneholdende 3,0 vekt% eller mindre av en aromatisk bestanddel og som har et svovelinnhold på 50 ppm eller under og et nitrogeninnhold på 50 ppm eller under. I blandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen er komponenten (A) sink-dialkyl-ditiof osf at (ZnDTP). ZnDTP omfatter ZnDTP med sekundære alkylgrupper og ZnDTP med primære alkylgrupper, slik at andelen av innholdet av fosfor deri er henholdsvis 50-100 vekt% og 50-0 vekt%, regnet på det totale fosforinnholdet. Ved anvendelse av et slikt ZnDTP kan hensikten med oppfinnelsen effektivt oppnås. ZnDTP med sekundære alkylgrupper innbefatter de med den følgende formel:
Gruppene R<1> og R2 i den generelle formel [1] representerer hver en sekundær alkylgruppe med 3-25 karbonatomer, slik som propyl, butyl, pentyl, heksyl, cykloheksyl, oktyl, decyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl eller oktadecylgrupper. De kan være like eller forskjellige.
På den annen side innbefatter ZnDTP med primære alkylgrupper eksempelvis de med den følgende generelle formel:
hvor gruppene R<3> og R<4> i den generelle formel [2] hver
representerer en primær alkylgruppe med 8-25 karbonatomer, slik som oktyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl eller eikosylgrupper. De kan være like eller forskjellige.
I blandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen må mengden av ZnDTP anvendt som komponent (A) være 0,04-0,12 vekt%, (regnet som fosfor) basert på hele blandingen. Når mengden av fosfor er under 0,05 vekt%, blir slitasjeresistensen utilstrekkelig, og når den er over 0,12 vekt%, er det' ingen ytterligere vesentlig forbedring av slitasjeresistensen.
Blandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen inneholder et kalsiumsulfonat og et kalsium-salisylat som metallisk detergent (B). Mengden av kalsium-sulfonat må være 1,0-3,0 vekt% regnet på hele blandingen. Når mengden av kalsiumsulfonat er under 1,0 vekt%, er detergenten utilstrekkelig, og når den er over 3,0 vekt%, vil detergenseffekten ikke øke ytterligere, og askeinnholdet øker ugunstig. På den annen side må kalsium-salisylatet være tilstede i en mengde på 0,3-2,5 vekt%, regnet på hele blandingen. Når den er under 0,3 vekt%, kan det ikke oppnås tilstrekkelig friksjonsnedsettende egenskaper, og når den overstiger 2,5 vekt%, vil slitasjeresistensen nedsettes og askeinnholdet øke ugunstig .
Kalsium-salisylatene er eksempelvis de med den følgende generelle formel:
i den generelle formel [3], R<5> representerer en lineær, forgrenet eller cyklisk alkylgruppe med 8-23 karbonatomer, slik som en oktyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl, oktadecyl eller eikosylgrupper.
Et svovlet oksymolybden ditiokarbamat (MoDTC) med en hydrokarbongruppe med 8-23 karbonatomer er til stede som komponenten (C) i blandingen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse.
MoDTC har en struktur med den generelle formel:
Gruppene R<6> og R<7> i den ovenfor generelle formel [4] representerer hver en hydrokarbongruppe med 8-23 karbonatomer. Hydrokarbongruppene med 8-23 karbonatomer innbefatter lineær og forgrenede alkyl og alkenylgrupper med 8-23 karbonatomer og cykloalkyl, aryl-alkylaryl og arylalkyl med 8-23 karbonatomer. Eksempler på disse innbefatter 2-etyl-heksyl, n-oktyl, nonyl, decyl, lauryl, tridecyl, palmityl, stearyl, oleyl, eikosyl, butylfenyl og nonylfenylgrupper. R<6> og R<7> kan være like eller forskjellige, og m og n er positive heltall slik at summen derav er 4.
I blandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen kan MoDTC anvendt som komponent (C) anvendes enten alene eller i kombinasjon med to eller flere av disse. Mengden av MoDTC ligger i området 50-2000 ppm (regnet som molybden), fortrinnsvis 100-1000 ppm, regnet på hele blandingen. Når mengden av molybden er under 50 ppm, kan det ikke oppnås tilstrekkelig lav-friksjonsegenskaper, og når den er over 2000 ppm, vil signifikant forbedring i friksjonsegenskapene ikke oppnås.
Det totale basistall for blandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen må være 2-13, fortrinnsvis 4-9. Basistallet bestemmes i hen-hold til JIS K 2501 (enheten for totalt basistall er mgKOH-/g) •
Det totale basistall ifølge oppfinnelsen kan passende kontrolleres med et kalsiumsulfonat med et totalt basistall (TBN) på 200-300 eller med et kalsiumsulfonat med et totalt basistall (TBN) på 10-100.
Smøreoljeblandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen kan inneholde egnede additiver som vanligvis innarbeides i smøreoljen, slik som et askefritt detergent-dispergeringsmiddel, viskositetsindeks-forbedrer, hellepunktundertrykker, anti-oksidant, rustinhibitor, korrosjonsinhibitor, antiskum-ningsmiddel og andre anti-slitasje midler og friksjonsmodifiserende midler, i den grad at hensikten med foreliggende oppfinnelse ikke forstyrres.
Det askefrie detergent-dispergeringsmiddel innbefatter eksempelvis suksinimider, suksinamider, benzylaminer og deres borderivater og estere. De anvendes i en mengde på vanligvis 0,5-7 vekt%, regnet på hele blandingen.
Viskositetsindeks-forbedrere innbefatter eksempelvis poly-metakrylater, polyisobutylener, etylen/propylenkopolymerer og hydrogeneret styren/butadienkopolymerer. De kan anvendes i en mengde på vanligvis 0,5-35 vekt%, regnet på hele blandingen. Anti-oksidantene innbefatter eksempelvis amin-anti-oksidanter slik som alkylerte difenylaminer, fenyl-a-naftylaminer og alkylerte a-naftylaminer og fenoliske anti-oksidanter slik som 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-metylfenol og 4,4'-metylenbis(2,6-di-t-butylfenol). De anvendes vanligvis i en mengde på 0,05-2 vekt%, regnet på hele blandingen.
Rustinhibitorene innbefatter eksempelvis alkenylravsyrer og delestere derav. Korrosjonsinhibitorene innbefatter eksempelvis benzotriazol and benzimidazol. Anti-skumningsmidlene kan eksempelvis innbefatte dimetylpolysiloksaner og poly-akrylater. De kan passende innarbeides i blandingen.
I følgende eksempler vil ytterligere illustrere foreliggende oppfinnelse.
Eksemplene 1- 8 og sammenlicpiinqseksempler 1- 10 Friksjonskoeffisienten og slitasjespordiameter for smøre-oljeblandingen ble bestemt som følger:
(1) Koeffisent (u):
Friksjonskoeffisienten ble bestemt ved LFW-1 prøven under betingelser av 270 omdr/min, 30 kp/l20°C og 10 min.
(2) Slitasjespordiameter (mm):
Slitasjespordiameteren ble bestemt med Shell fire-kule friksjonsbestemmelsen under betingelsene av 1800 omdr/min, 20 kp/90°C og 30 min.
Basisoljen 150N-1 (med en viskositet ved 100°C på 5,7 mm<2>/s, innehold av aromatisk komponent 4,1 vekt%, svovelinnhold 11,0 ppm og nitrogeninnhold på 89,0 ppm) eller 150N-2 (med viskositet ved 100°C på 5,5 mm<2>/s, aromatisk komponentinnhold 0,5 vekt%, svovelinnhold 0,5 ppm og nitrogeninnhold 0,1 ppm) ble anvendt.
Hver av smøreoljeblandingene gjengitt i tabell 1 ble fremstilt fra basisoljen, og friksjonskoeffisienten (u) og slitasjespordiameteren (mm) ble bestemt. Resultatene er gitt i tabellene 1-1 og 1-2. Som det fremgår av en sammenligning av de viste data i tabell 1-1 mot tabell 1-2 tilveiebringer oljeblandingen ifølge oppfinnelse en vesentlig forbedret friksjonskoeffi-sient, slitasjespordiameter eller begge i forhold til sammenligningsblandingen vist i tabell 1-2.
Smøreoljeblandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen har utmerket antislitasje-egenskaper,samt utmerket friksjonsnedsettende egenskaper og er egnet som smøremiddel eksempelvis for forbrenningsmotorer, automatgir, opphengings- og servostyringshjul, spesielt som smøreolje for forbrenningsmotorer .
Claims (6)
1. Smøreoljeblanding inneholdende en basisolje, organofosfor- og organomolybdenforbindelser, karakterisert ved at blandingen inneholder: (A) 0,04-0,12 vekt%, regnet på basis av fosfor og basert på hele blandingen, av et sink-dialkyl-ditiofosfat inneholdende 50-100 vekt%, regnet som fosfor og basert på hele fosforinnholdet, av en sink-dialkyl-ditiofosfat med sekundære alkylgrupper og 50-0 vekt%, regnet som fosfor og basert på hele fosforinnholdet, av et sink-dialkyl-ditiofosfat med primære alkylgrupper, (B) 1,0-3,0 vekt% kalsiumsulfonat og 0,3-2,5 vekt% kalsium-salisylat og (C) 50-2000 ppm, regnet som molybden av et svovlet oksymolybden-ditiokarbamat inneholdende minst én hydrokarbongruppe med 8-23 karbonatomer, og hvor oljeblåndingen har et totalt basistall på 2-13.
2. Oljeblanding ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert ved at basisoljen er en hydrokrakket olje og/eller voksisomerisert olje inneholdende 3,0 vekt% eller mindre av en aromatisk bestanddel og med et svovelinnhold på 50 ppm eller mindre og med et nitrogeninnhold på 50 ppm eller mindre.
3. Oljeblanding ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert ved at sink-dialkyl-ditio-fosfatet med sekundære alkylgrupper har den generelle formel:
hvori R<1> og R<2> hver er en sekundær alkylgruppe med 3-25 karbonatomer.
4. Oljeblanding ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at sink-dialkyl-ditio-fosfatet med primære alkylgrupper har formelen:
hvori R<3> og R<*> hver uavhengig er en primær alkylgruppe med 8-25 karbonatomer.
5. Oljeblanding ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at kalsiumsalisylatet har formelen:
hvori R<5> er en lineær forgrenet eller cyklisk alkylgruppe med 8-23 karbonatomer.
6. Oljeblanding ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at det svovlede oksymolybden-ditiokarbamat har formelen:
hvor R<6> og R<7> hver uavhengig er en hydrokarbongruppe med 8-23 karboner, og summen av m + n er 4.
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JP14867093A JP3613530B2 (ja) | 1993-05-27 | 1993-05-27 | 潤滑油組成物 |
PCT/US1994/006002 WO1994028095A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 | 1994-05-27 | Lubricating oil composition |
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NO954709L NO954709L (no) | 1995-11-21 |
NO954709D0 NO954709D0 (no) | 1995-11-21 |
NO313012B1 true NO313012B1 (no) | 2002-07-29 |
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NO19954709A NO313012B1 (no) | 1993-05-27 | 1995-11-21 | Smöreoljeblanding |
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EP (1) | EP0700425B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JP3613530B2 (no) |
AU (1) | AU694122B2 (no) |
CA (1) | CA2163206C (no) |
DE (1) | DE69411563T2 (no) |
NO (1) | NO313012B1 (no) |
WO (1) | WO1994028095A1 (no) |
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US5814587A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-09-29 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Lubricating oil containing an additive comprising the reaction product of molybdenum dithiocarbamate and metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate |
JPH11181464A (ja) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-07-06 | Japan Energy Corp | 無段変速機油組成物 |
JP5057603B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-01 | 2012-10-24 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
US6140282A (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2000-10-31 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Long life lubricating oil composition using particular detergent mixture |
US6191081B1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2001-02-20 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Long life medium and high ash oils with enhanced nitration resistance |
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EP1195426B1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2007-08-15 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricating oil composition for gas-fuelled engines |
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EP1199349A1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-24 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricating compositions for fuelled-gas engines |
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US6500786B1 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2002-12-31 | Infineum International Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition |
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EP1580257A4 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2006-03-29 | Nippon Oil Corp | LUBRICATING OIL ADDITIVE AND LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION |
GB2423524A (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-30 | Infineum Int Ltd | Crankcase lubricating oil |
JP2007045850A (ja) | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-22 | Tonengeneral Sekiyu Kk | 潤滑油組成物 |
DE102006026742A1 (de) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-13 | Addinol Lube Oil Gmbh | Hochleistungs-Industrie-Getriebeöl mit verbesserten Gebrauchswert-Eigenschaften |
US20080090741A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Lam William Y | Lubricating oils with enhanced piston deposit control capability |
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-
1993
- 1993-05-27 JP JP14867093A patent/JP3613530B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1994
- 1994-05-27 DE DE69411563T patent/DE69411563T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-27 AU AU69595/94A patent/AU694122B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-05-27 CA CA002163206A patent/CA2163206C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-27 EP EP94918149A patent/EP0700425B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-27 WO PCT/US1994/006002 patent/WO1994028095A1/en active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2163206C (en) | 2002-11-26 |
DE69411563D1 (de) | 1998-08-13 |
AU694122B2 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
CA2163206A1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
EP0700425B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
EP0700425A4 (en) | 1996-09-18 |
WO1994028095A1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
DE69411563T2 (de) | 1998-12-17 |
AU6959594A (en) | 1994-12-20 |
EP0700425A1 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
JPH06336592A (ja) | 1994-12-06 |
NO954709L (no) | 1995-11-21 |
JP3613530B2 (ja) | 2005-01-26 |
NO954709D0 (no) | 1995-11-21 |
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