EP0700323A1 - Radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing - Google Patents

Radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing

Info

Publication number
EP0700323A1
EP0700323A1 EP94916475A EP94916475A EP0700323A1 EP 0700323 A1 EP0700323 A1 EP 0700323A1 EP 94916475 A EP94916475 A EP 94916475A EP 94916475 A EP94916475 A EP 94916475A EP 0700323 A1 EP0700323 A1 EP 0700323A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
punch
ironing
extrusion process
mandrel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94916475A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0700323B1 (en
Inventor
Janez Pipan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0700323A1 publication Critical patent/EP0700323A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0700323B1 publication Critical patent/EP0700323B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/20—Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/08—Shaping hollow articles with different cross-section in longitudinal direction, e.g. nozzles, spark-plugs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/16—Remodelling hollow bodies with respect to the shape of the cross-section

Definitions

  • a subject of the invention is the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, that is a cold extrusion process, which is reckoned among bulk metal forming processes. It enables tube shaped metal semiproducts to be formed into different final parts or parts that are intended for additional working by machining.
  • the invention is classified into the class B 21 D 22/00 of the intemational patent classification.
  • the technical problem which the submitted invention is sucessfully solving is a determination and accomplishment of such a process which will enable different axisymmetric tube-shaped parts which are generally characterised by longer cylindrical stem on one side and non-uniform diameter with severe thickening of the wall together with complicated cross-section shapes on another side, to be formed from a simple tube billet, cut from a standard thin-walled or medium-walled tube billet which is preformed in such a way that a larger diameter at one end results.
  • Characteristic shapes of parts that can be performed by the process after the invention are shown in Fig. 2, where the shapes on the left from the symmetry axes present the shapes at the beginning of the process and the shapes of the right the states after forming.
  • the manufacturing of longish, thin-walled, axial symmetric parts by cold-forming of tube-shaped billets is most preferable when high strength parts are concerned.
  • the strength is increased due to fibrous grain structure and deformation hardening arising during cold forming.
  • the forming can be completed in a single step with moderate average plastic deformation so a sufficient toughness of the material is still left.
  • the tube wall thickness change is not intentional, but results from the changes of other two dimensions, the diameter and the length.
  • Such processes are bending, sinking, expanding, bulging by means of pressure medium, spinning, etc.
  • the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing after invention is based on forming a tube - shaped workpiece, which my be previously expanded at one end in such a manner, that it is inserted into a properly shaped die. From one side of the die there is a properly shaped punch inside which there is a free axially movable mandrel. While the punch stays retained by a determined force, from the opposite side a counter-punch, the diameter of which is some larger than the tube inner diameter, preforms a working stroke during which the tube wall thickness is reduced. The same time the difference of the material volume is pushed forward, first filling up the clearance between the mandrel and the tube and after that the space between the punch and the die.
  • Fig. 1 shematic of the beginning and the end state of radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, performed for forming a hollow rotation - symmetric thin - walled part with non-uniform diameter together with complex cross-section shape
  • Fig. 2 tipical shapes of parts that can be formed using the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing after the invention
  • Fig. 1 shows the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, used in a concretly performed example at the beginning and at the end. This process can be carried out on vertical or horizontal hydraulic or mechanical presses with at least two, but preferable three independent actions.
  • a free movable mandrel 5 Inside the punch 4 there is a free movable mandrel 5, the diameter of which is for easier entering into the tube smaller than the inner diameter of the tube 1.
  • a free movable mandrel instead of the free movable mandrel also a counter-punch with a corresponding prolongation on the upper side the diameter of which corresponds to that of the mandrel 5, could not be used.
  • the working stroke is performed by the counter-punch 2 which is widened along the distance Lp so that its diameter is larger than the initial inside diameter of the tube.
  • the difference of the volume resulting from the tube wall thinning is pushed forward towards the punch 4, first filling the initial clearance between the tube 1 and the mandrel 5 and thereafeter, with the hydrostatic pressure being considerable increased, also the space B between the punch 4 and the mandrel 5.
  • a further extrusion of the material towards the zone A coused by an additional upward movement of the counter-punch 2, causes an additional increase of the hydrostatic pressure in the zone A, up to the value which depends on force Fi by which the punch 4 is retained.
  • the punch 4 is pushed upwards for the distance which depends on the additional volume of the material extruded by the punch 2.
  • the assistence of friction between the tube 1 and the upward moving mandrel 5 is beneficial, so a good accuracy of such a detail can be achieved with a lower hydrostatic pressure in the zone A.
  • an empty space B can also be formed in the die 3.
  • the accurate shape of the final part which is determined by the shape of the die 3, the punch 4, the counter-punch 2, the mandrel 5 and the travel of the counter punch 2, can be achieved only if the hydrostatic pressure in the deforming zone A, which is limited by the retaining force Fi, is high enough.
  • a special advantage of the process after invention is taht the friction effect, that contributes to the forming force F2 can be controlled even when a longer cylindrical portions of the tube, along which the ironing takes place, are concerned.
  • the both diameters can be chosen so, that the phase during which the filling of the clearance between the tube 1 and the mandrel 5 takes place, ends late enough, so that the high hydrostatic pressure in the zone A, that arises after the end of this phase and resulting friction that affects the forming force F2, is present only near the end of the forming stroke.
  • Fig. 2 three typical shapes of parts which can be formed using the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing after the invention are shown.
  • the cross-sections on the left sides from the symmetry axes presents the workpieces before and on the right after forming.
  • Fig. 2a and 2b which can present parts of high-pressure valves
  • preforming of tubes by sinking or expanding from original outer diameter to diameters D4 and D1 is foreseen.
  • the part shown in Fig. 2c which can present a part of clutch, can be formed from a simple tube with the outer diameter D1 and inner diameter Do.
  • Characteristically for the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing after the invention is, that the length of the workpiece during the process remains approximately the same, while the inside diameter of the tube Do is changed to the diameter D2 along the ironing stroke and reduced to the diameter of the mandrel D3, from the end of ironing zone up to the face of the punch 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

A subject of the invention is the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, which is an essence a cold extrusion process and can be reckoned among bulk metal forming processes. It enables tube shaped metal semiproducts to be formed into different final shaped parts or parts that are intended for additional working, for example by machining. The process is grounded on insertion of a tube (1), which may be on one end previously expanded, into a proper shaped die (3), where on one side there is a punch (4) which is retained with a determined force (F1) and inside which lies a free movable mandrel (5), while from the other side in working stroke the counter-punch (2) extrudes the difference of tube volume which results from ironing of the tube (1), in the direction of counter-punch (2) travel so, that the material fills up the starting clearance between the mandrel (5) and the tube (1), the space between the tube (1) and the punch (2) and arbitrary shaped space (B) in the punch (2) or in the die (3).

Description

RADIAL EXTRUSION PROCESS COMBINED WITH INSIDE
TUBE IRONING
A subject of the invention is the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, that is a cold extrusion process, which is reckoned among bulk metal forming processes. It enables tube shaped metal semiproducts to be formed into different final parts or parts that are intended for additional working by machining.
The invention is classified into the class B 21 D 22/00 of the intemational patent classification.
The technical problem which the submitted invention is sucessfully solving is a determination and accomplishment of such a process which will enable different axisymmetric tube-shaped parts which are generally characterised by longer cylindrical stem on one side and non-uniform diameter with severe thickening of the wall together with complicated cross-section shapes on another side, to be formed from a simple tube billet, cut from a standard thin-walled or medium-walled tube billet which is preformed in such a way that a larger diameter at one end results.
Characteristic shapes of parts, that can be performed by the process after the invention are shown in Fig. 2, where the shapes on the left from the symmetry axes present the shapes at the beginning of the process and the shapes of the right the states after forming.
The manufacturing of longish, thin-walled, axial symmetric parts by cold-forming of tube-shaped billets is most preferable when high strength parts are concerned. The strength is increased due to fibrous grain structure and deformation hardening arising during cold forming. On the other hand due to similarity of the shapes at the begining and at the end of the process, the forming can be completed in a single step with moderate average plastic deformation so a sufficient toughness of the material is still left.
In most forming processes that are used in manufacturing of tube-shaped parts, the tube wall thickness change is not intentional, but results from the changes of other two dimensions, the diameter and the length. Such processes are bending, sinking, expanding, bulging by means of pressure medium, spinning, etc.
The intentional changes of wall-thickness occures by the processes like forward extrusion, radial extrusion, ironing, flow turning, rotational forging and rotary upsetting of tube ends. A special problem arises whenever a local rotational-symmetric thickening of the wall or a severe cross-section shape change is demanded.
Local rotational-symmetric wall thickening can be performed only by tube upsetting in the axial direction, which in case of laterally unsupported tube wall, causes wrinkling. The most frequent method for preventing the occurance of wrinkles is supporting the tube wall by the supporting mandrel from the inside and by the die from the outside. As the total surface on which the sliding friction occures is large comparing with the deforming volume, the friction has an important role on the forming process. The thinner the wall and the longer lateraly supported part of the tube over which the forming force transmits, more pronounced is the influence of the friction. The problem of friction is especially important in case of the radial extrusion process where the compressive stresses, which are required to make the material fill up the die properly may be several times higher than the material flow stress. The known radial extrusion process in which the forming force acts on the tube ends is therefore useful only in case of relatively short tubes or tubes with thicker walls.
The radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing after invention is based on forming a tube - shaped workpiece, which my be previously expanded at one end in such a manner, that it is inserted into a properly shaped die. From one side of the die there is a properly shaped punch inside which there is a free axially movable mandrel. While the punch stays retained by a determined force, from the opposite side a counter-punch, the diameter of which is some larger than the tube inner diameter, preforms a working stroke during which the tube wall thickness is reduced. The same time the difference of the material volume is pushed forward, first filling up the clearance between the mandrel and the tube and after that the space between the punch and the die.
The detailed description of the process after the invention is based on the performed example and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 which show:
Fig. 1 shematic of the beginning and the end state of radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, performed for forming a hollow rotation - symmetric thin - walled part with non-uniform diameter together with complex cross-section shape
Fig. 2 tipical shapes of parts that can be formed using the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing after the invention
Fig. 1 shows the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, used in a concretly performed example at the beginning and at the end. This process can be carried out on vertical or horizontal hydraulic or mechanical presses with at least two, but preferable three independent actions.
The tube 1, the upper end of which may be previously expanded, is inserted into the die 3, which is fastened to the press table. Thereafter the punch 4 is pushed down so that it contacts the die face and stays retained with a determined force Fi, which provides maintaining of the hydrostatic pressure needed in the deformation zone A where the radial extrusion process takes place. Inside the punch 4 there is a free movable mandrel 5, the diameter of which is for easier entering into the tube smaller than the inner diameter of the tube 1. Instead of the free movable mandrel also a counter-punch with a corresponding prolongation on the upper side the diameter of which corresponds to that of the mandrel 5, could not be used. The working stroke is performed by the counter-punch 2 which is widened along the distance Lp so that its diameter is larger than the initial inside diameter of the tube. During the working-stroke, the difference of the volume resulting from the tube wall thinning is pushed forward towards the punch 4, first filling the initial clearance between the tube 1 and the mandrel 5 and thereafeter, with the hydrostatic pressure being considerable increased, also the space B between the punch 4 and the mandrel 5. A further extrusion of the material towards the zone A, coused by an additional upward movement of the counter-punch 2, causes an additional increase of the hydrostatic pressure in the zone A, up to the value which depends on force Fi by which the punch 4 is retained. In this case the punch 4 is pushed upwards for the distance which depends on the additional volume of the material extruded by the punch 2. For filling a cavity like that of zone B, the assistence of friction between the tube 1 and the upward moving mandrel 5 is beneficial, so a good accuracy of such a detail can be achieved with a lower hydrostatic pressure in the zone A. Depending on the demanded shape of the part, an empty space B can also be formed in the die 3. The accurate shape of the final part, which is determined by the shape of the die 3, the punch 4, the counter-punch 2, the mandrel 5 and the travel of the counter punch 2, can be achieved only if the hydrostatic pressure in the deforming zone A, which is limited by the retaining force Fi, is high enough. Because of the high hydrostatic pressure in the zone A a backward flow of the material (regarding the moving direction of the counter-punch 2) can occure. This can be prevented by a proper dimensions of the widened portion of the counter-punch 2, where the length Lp is essential for the effect of friction acting in the direction of the counter-punch movement. In addition to friction effect, the undesirable backward flow of material is prevented by the fixed support 6, to which only a force, which do not cause an axial upsetting of the tube 1 below the widened portion of the counter-punch 2, may be transmitted.
A special advantage of the process after invention is taht the friction effect, that contributes to the forming force F2 can be controlled even when a longer cylindrical portions of the tube, along which the ironing takes place, are concerned. Taking into consideration the empty volume between the tube and the mandrel and the volume extruded by the counter-punch during ironing, first depending on the diameter of the mandrel and the second depending on the diameter of ironing (the diameter of the widended portion of the counter-punch 2), the both diameters can be chosen so, that the phase during which the filling of the clearance between the tube 1 and the mandrel 5 takes place, ends late enough, so that the high hydrostatic pressure in the zone A, that arises after the end of this phase and resulting friction that affects the forming force F2, is present only near the end of the forming stroke.
In Fig. 2 three typical shapes of parts which can be formed using the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing after the invention are shown. The cross-sections on the left sides from the symmetry axes presents the workpieces before and on the right after forming. In case of parts shown in Fig. 2a and 2b, which can present parts of high-pressure valves, preforming of tubes by sinking or expanding from original outer diameter to diameters D4 and D1 is foreseen. The part shown in Fig. 2c, which can present a part of clutch, can be formed from a simple tube with the outer diameter D1 and inner diameter Do. Characteristically for the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing after the invention is, that the length of the workpiece during the process remains approximately the same, while the inside diameter of the tube Do is changed to the diameter D2 along the ironing stroke and reduced to the diameter of the mandrel D3, from the end of ironing zone up to the face of the punch 4.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. Radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, characterized by that, that the tube (1) the upper portion of which was previously expanded is inserted into appropriate shaped die (3) where on one side there is a punch (4) that is retained with a determined force and inside which lies a free movable mandrel (5), while from the other side in working stroke the counter-punch (2) extrude the difference of tube volume that results from ironing of the tube (1), in the direction of counter-punch travel so, that the material fills up the starting clearance between the mandrel (5) and the tube (1), the space between the tube and the punch (4) and arbitrary shaped space (B).
2. Radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, according to claim 1 , characterized by that, that the outer diameter of the inserted tube (1) is the same along the whole tube length.
3. Radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, according to claim 1 , characterized by that, that in place of free movable mandrel (5) a prolongation with a diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the mandrel (5) is formed on the upper part of the counter-punch (2).
EP94916475A 1993-05-17 1994-05-16 Radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing Expired - Lifetime EP0700323B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9300258 1993-05-17
SI9300258A SI9300258A (en) 1993-05-17 1993-05-17 Process for radial extrusion with tube wall reduction
PCT/SI1994/000007 WO1994026437A2 (en) 1993-05-17 1994-05-16 Radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0700323A1 true EP0700323A1 (en) 1996-03-13
EP0700323B1 EP0700323B1 (en) 1997-02-12

Family

ID=20431176

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94916475A Expired - Lifetime EP0700323B1 (en) 1993-05-17 1994-05-16 Radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0700323B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08510960A (en)
DE (2) DE4342562A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0700323T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2100068T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2116861C1 (en)
SI (1) SI9300258A (en)
WO (1) WO1994026437A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6206392B1 (en) 1998-05-26 2001-03-27 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Stabilizer bar apparatus for use in a vehicle suspension
CN102941449B (en) * 2012-11-28 2015-02-18 隆昌山川精密焊管有限责任公司 Forming process of thick-wall thin-bottom metal part

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE959876C (en) * 1952-10-01 1957-03-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Process and blank for the non-cutting manufacture of hollow parts made of metal with a stepped sleeve shaft and profiled collar, such as spark plug housings
FR1112344A (en) * 1953-11-12 1956-03-13 Kabel U Metallwerke Neumeyer A Method and device for press-stamping, in particular cold, flanged-shaped parts made of metal, preferably steel
FR1423292A (en) * 1965-01-30 1966-01-03 Process for manufacturing tubular elements of metal or other materials, device for carrying out this process or similar process, and the tubular elements conforming to those obtained

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9426437A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08510960A (en) 1996-11-19
EP0700323B1 (en) 1997-02-12
WO1994026437A3 (en) 1995-01-19
DE69401752T2 (en) 1997-06-05
RU2116861C1 (en) 1998-08-10
DE4342562A1 (en) 1994-11-24
ES2100068T3 (en) 1997-06-01
DK0700323T3 (en) 1997-07-28
SI9300258A (en) 1995-02-28
DE69401752D1 (en) 1997-03-27
WO1994026437A2 (en) 1994-11-24

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