EP0889763B1 - Variable-thickness extrusion method and extrusion unit in accordance with said method - Google Patents
Variable-thickness extrusion method and extrusion unit in accordance with said method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0889763B1 EP0889763B1 EP97915464A EP97915464A EP0889763B1 EP 0889763 B1 EP0889763 B1 EP 0889763B1 EP 97915464 A EP97915464 A EP 97915464A EP 97915464 A EP97915464 A EP 97915464A EP 0889763 B1 EP0889763 B1 EP 0889763B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- punch
- die
- extrusion
- counter
- unit according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/03—Making uncoated products by both direct and backward extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/18—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/20—Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/04—Mandrels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/08—Shaping hollow articles with different cross-section in longitudinal direction, e.g. nozzles, spark-plugs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an innovatory method of variable-thickness extrusion and to an extrusion unit applying said method.
- the obtained article has a constant diameter and walls of constant thickness.
- CH 633 980 discloses an extrusion device, wherein the counter-punch is supported by a spring in order to soften the raugh strain fluctuations connected with the metal flow in the extrusion chamber.
- the general object of the present invention is to provide a method and an extrusion unit applying said method which enable articles having walls of variable thickness to be obtained.
- non-extrusile materials such as ferrous materials for example.
- Fig. 1a a first embodiment of an impact extrusion unit, generally identified by 10 and made in accordance with the invention.
- Unit 10 comprises a punch 11 and a counter-punch 12, facing each other and axially movable within a die 13, so as to identify an extrusion chamber 14 therebetween.
- the chamber within the die has a varying transverse size along the movement axis of the punch and counter-punch, unlike the known art in which the transverse size of the chamber is constant.
- Fig. 1 shown in Fig. 1 is a barrel-shaped chamber of a maximum transverse size intermediate the ends.
- a punch 11 is shown with a head 18 having a cone-shaped end 19 and a rear union length 20 for connection to a shank 21 of reduced section.
- the shank can have a 7.37 mm diameter, with a connecting conicity of 10° and a 0.50 mm thickness of the cylindrical portion of the head.
- the cone-shaped head enables accomplishment of a cone-shaped bottom which is advantageous in the case of cartridge cases.
- the counter-punch is close to one entrance end of the punch into the die.
- a metal blank 15 to be extruded is introduced into the die and subsequently the punch is forced towards the counter-punch, while the latter is caused to move backward, as shown in Fig. 1b.
- the punch and couter-punch movements take place in the same direction but at different velocities (in particular the punch moves at a first velocity and the counter-punch at a second velocity smaller than the first one), so as to reduce the space between the respective faced heads and have an extrusion action between die and punch, whereas the relative flowing between the blank outside and the die is in favour of the extrusion operation.
- the relative velocity between the die side wall and the extruded material between die and punch must be substantially zero. This enables extrusion of metal materials that traditionally are unable to be extruded, such as iron for example. It is also possible to use lower extrusion pressures, thereby the unit being subjected to less wear. Obviously, the absolute movement velocities of the punch and counter-punch relative to the die will depend on the type of the extruded material and the mechanical features of the extrusion unit.
- the extrusion annulus formed between the die and punch has a varying thickness during the extrusion operation.
- the punch head is caused to pass through areas of the die having different radial widths.
- Fig. 1c Shown in Fig. 1c by way of example is an extrusion 16 the form of which is of variable diameter, which had been hitherto considered as unfeasible by extrusion.
- a second embodiment 110 of an extrusion unit is shown in Fig. 2.
- the extrusion unit 110 in addition to the above mentioned steps of the claimed method also carries out a further step.
- unit 110 is comprised of a punch 111 and a counter-punch 112, facing each other and axially movable within a die 113, so as to identify an extrusion chamber 114 therebetween.
- the chamber has varying transverse sizes along its axis. For instance, a chamber is shown which has a shape similar to the one already described above.
- the die 113 has an end opening 117, from which the punch enters and which embodies the aperture for drawing the blank out. If opening 117 has a smaller width than the maximum width of the extrusion chamber, this opening constitutes the die for a second extrusion or forming operation, which is carried out on the blank when the punch is retracted and the counter-punch forces the blank out of the die (Fig. 2c).
- the method according to the invention may comprise the further step of drawing the punch out of the die and causing advance of the counter-punch so as to extrude the blank through a die end, which end therefore constitutes the forming end for a further extrusion operation of the forward type.
- This further step makes it possible to reproduce within the blank the variation which was present in the outer transverse size of the blank itself, whereas the outer transverse size of the drawn blank will be constant and equal to the extrusion opening 117.
- the chamber shape and consequently the resulting extrusion shape is not limited to the one shown by way of example.
- the extrusion unit 210 comprises a punch 211, a counter-punch 212 and a die 213 identifying an extrusion chamber 214.
- the chamber has a varying transverse size along its axis getting bigger in a direction opposite to that of the punch, so as to form a truncated cone, for example.
- the method of the invention is very advantageous for making cartridge cases.
- cartridge cases with walls of varying thicknesses along the case axis are produced.
- manufacture of cartridge cases in which a stronger wall is provided close to the area near their bottom, i.e. the blast-initiating area is made possible.
- particular conformations of the detonation chamber can be obtained, as shown in Fig. 2.
- movements between die, punch and counter-punch are obviously to be intended as relative movements, no matter which element is actually moved and which is maintained really stationary.
- the die may have a shape different from that shown and movements producing articles having an outwardly thickened portion and an inwardly thickened portion can be easily conceived.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows extrusion steps with a first extrusion unit in accordance with the invention;
- Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows extrusion steps with a second extrusion unit in accordance with the invention;
- Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows extrusion steps with a third extrusion unit in accordance with the invention;
- Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a punch head.
Claims (11)
- A cold impact extrusion method for hollow metal elements, in particular cartridge cases, comprising the steps of placing a slug or blank in a die, pressing the blank within the die between a punch and a counter-punch facing each other, during compression the punch being caused to move forward in the die at a first velocity and the counter-punch being caused to move backward at a second velocity slower than the first one, so as to reduce the distance between the punch and counter-punch, during said movement causing the punch head to pass through die areas having different distances from the punch sides so as to identify an extrusion annulus of variable width between the die and punch.
- A method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the further step of reversing the punch and counter-punch movement relative to the die, to draw the punch out of the die and force the blank, by means of the counter-punch, through the thus obtained opening, so as to extrude it from the die.
- A method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the further step of transversely opening the die to draw the therein-extruded blank out of it.
- A method as claimed in claim 1, in which there is such a ratio between the first and second velocities that the relative velocity between the die side wall and the extruded material between die and punch is maintained to a substantially zero value.
- A cold impact extrusion unit intended to carry out the method according to claim 1, comprising a punch (11, 111, 211) and a counter-punch (12, 112, 212) facing each other and coaxially movable within a die (13, 113, 213) to identify an extrusion chamber (14, 114, 214) therebetween, the extrusion chamber (14, 114, 214) having a varying transverse size along the movement axis of the punch and counter-punch characterized by means for moving the punch forward in the die at a first velocity and moving the dounter-punch backward at a second velocity slower than the first one, so as to reduce the distance between the punch and counter-punch, during said movement causing the punch head to pass through die areas having different distances from the punch sides so as to identify an extrusion annulus of variable width between the die and punch.
- A unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the die can be transversely opened for drawing the therein-extruded piece out of it.
- A unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the die (114, 214) has an end opening (117, 217) for introduction of the punch thereinto, said opening also embodying the aperture for drawing the extruded piece out, upon a thrust action by the counter-punch.
- A unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the drawing opening (117, 217) has a smaller width than the maximum transverse size of the extrusion chamber.
- A unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the' extrusion chamber has its maximum transverse width at a position intermediate its ends.
- A unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the extrusion chamber has its maximum transverse width close to an end opposite to the drawing aperture.
- A unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the punch (11, 111, 211) has a cone-shaped end (18, 118, 218) and a rear union length for connection to a shank (21, 121, 221) of reduced section relative to the head.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT96MI000624A IT1283320B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | VARIABLE THICKNESS EXTRUSION METHOD AND EXTRUSION GROUP ACCORDING TO THIS METHOD |
ITMI960624 | 1996-03-29 | ||
PCT/EP1997/001610 WO1997036701A1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-26 | Variable-thickness extrusion method and extrusion unit in accordance with said method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0889763A1 EP0889763A1 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
EP0889763B1 true EP0889763B1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
Family
ID=11373823
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97915464A Expired - Lifetime EP0889763B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-26 | Variable-thickness extrusion method and extrusion unit in accordance with said method |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0889763B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2293197A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69711030T2 (en) |
HU (1) | HU222308B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL126170A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1283320B1 (en) |
TR (1) | TR199801945T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997036701A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103464498A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-25 | 镇江建华轴承有限公司 | Precise processing method for specially-shaped cavity of bearing outer ring |
CN108043899A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-18 | 羊云霞 | A kind of manufacture system of part boss steel plate strip |
WO2018203110A1 (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-08 | I.N.C.A. S.P.A. A Socio Unico | Method for forming objects made of metal by backward extrusion and die for carrying out the method |
CN111112364A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-05-08 | 北京机电研究所有限公司 | Stepped deep hole extrusion process suitable for elastomer deep hole extrusion piece |
DE102019002187A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | Universität Stuttgart | Method and device for producing a component with a thread |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2899499B1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2009-02-27 | Manoir Ind Soc Par Actions Sim | PRECISION EXTRUSION METHOD FOR HOLLOW METAL PIECES AND ASSOCIATED DEVICE |
DE102008027423A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-17 | Neumayer Tekfor Holding Gmbh | Pressing part and method for its production |
EP3345694B1 (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2024-05-22 | FELSS Systems GmbH | Method and device for locally thickening a hollow body |
CN111389944B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-01-29 | 燕山大学 | Extrusion rotary forming method for thick-wall cylinder |
CN112517657B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-08 | 中北大学 | Bidirectional differential extrusion forming method for outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part |
CN112517658B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-08 | 中北大学 | Bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for external longitudinal rib cylindrical part |
CN112517816B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-08 | 中北大学 | Bidirectional intermittent differential upsetting composite extrusion forming method for outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE327315C (en) * | 1920-01-23 | 1920-10-09 | Oberschlesische Eisenbahn Beda | Method and die for the production of hollow bodies provided with external attachments |
CH90356A (en) * | 1920-08-10 | 1921-09-01 | Usines Thecla S A | Device for hot forging metals. |
US1702278A (en) * | 1928-05-18 | 1929-02-19 | Simons Abraham | Method of making seamless containers |
FR1112344A (en) * | 1953-11-12 | 1956-03-13 | Kabel U Metallwerke Neumeyer A | Method and device for press-stamping, in particular cold, flanged-shaped parts made of metal, preferably steel |
DE2144006C3 (en) * | 1971-09-02 | 1974-03-07 | Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover | Process for the manufacture of bevel gears |
CH633980A5 (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1983-01-14 | Tusa Sa | Impact extrusion device |
JPS58110118A (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1983-06-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Production of cylindrical body |
JPS59199142A (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-12 | Tokai Rika Co Ltd | Cold forging method of hollow cylindrical body |
JPS62107838A (en) * | 1985-11-05 | 1987-05-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for forming bottomed cup with tapered bore |
-
1996
- 1996-03-29 IT IT96MI000624A patent/IT1283320B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-03-26 IL IL12617097A patent/IL126170A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-26 EP EP97915464A patent/EP0889763B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-26 DE DE69711030T patent/DE69711030T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-26 TR TR1998/01945T patent/TR199801945T2/en unknown
- 1997-03-26 WO PCT/EP1997/001610 patent/WO1997036701A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-03-26 AU AU22931/97A patent/AU2293197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-26 HU HU9903345A patent/HU222308B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103464498A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-25 | 镇江建华轴承有限公司 | Precise processing method for specially-shaped cavity of bearing outer ring |
WO2018203110A1 (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-08 | I.N.C.A. S.P.A. A Socio Unico | Method for forming objects made of metal by backward extrusion and die for carrying out the method |
CN108043899A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-18 | 羊云霞 | A kind of manufacture system of part boss steel plate strip |
DE102019002187A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | Universität Stuttgart | Method and device for producing a component with a thread |
DE102019002187B4 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-15 | Universität Stuttgart | Method and device for producing a component with a thread |
CN111112364A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-05-08 | 北京机电研究所有限公司 | Stepped deep hole extrusion process suitable for elastomer deep hole extrusion piece |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITMI960624A0 (en) | 1996-03-29 |
HUP9903345A2 (en) | 2000-02-28 |
HU222308B1 (en) | 2003-06-28 |
DE69711030T2 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
AU2293197A (en) | 1997-10-22 |
DE69711030D1 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
IT1283320B1 (en) | 1998-04-16 |
ITMI960624A1 (en) | 1997-09-29 |
IL126170A (en) | 2001-09-13 |
IL126170A0 (en) | 1999-05-09 |
HUP9903345A3 (en) | 2000-04-28 |
EP0889763A1 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
TR199801945T2 (en) | 1999-02-22 |
WO1997036701A1 (en) | 1997-10-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0889763B1 (en) | Variable-thickness extrusion method and extrusion unit in accordance with said method | |
JP3564132B2 (en) | Method for joining two or several superimposed sheet-shaped members, apparatus for performing the method, and articles joined by the method | |
US4400964A (en) | Method and device for continuous production of flanged hollow article | |
CA1150611A (en) | Process for cold-forming a tube having a thick-walled end portion | |
US7069760B2 (en) | Device and method for manufacturing a curved metal tube or rod | |
US3176494A (en) | Extrusion press | |
RU96124365A (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CANNED BENDING OF CANNED CANS | |
US2964177A (en) | Continuous extrusion | |
US2893553A (en) | Apparatus for the production of hollow metallic articles | |
US1480843A (en) | Method for the cold spurting of tubes and thin-walled metal pipes of lead, tin, and especially aluminium | |
US3394578A (en) | Method and press for manufacturing tubular blanks for making containers therefrom | |
CA2459031A1 (en) | High torque battery terminal and method of making same | |
EP0700323B1 (en) | Radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing | |
US5765425A (en) | Radial extrusion process combined with inside tune ironing | |
US4744502A (en) | Process for the production of tri-metallic contact rivets | |
US682360A (en) | Method of manufacturing tubular bodies. | |
US6142004A (en) | Load-bearing shaped part and a method for manufacturing shaped parts | |
JP2514400B2 (en) | Closure forging method | |
US5467631A (en) | Method for manufacturing a plug-type chamber used in the cascade drawing of tubes, and device for implementing the method | |
EP0533322A1 (en) | Method for forming hollow articles | |
RU2223839C1 (en) | Die for production of panel-type articles provided with stiffeners | |
SU874256A2 (en) | Method of shaping hollow articles with profiled side surface | |
SU1696050A1 (en) | Method of progressive lateral corrugation of tubular blanks | |
JP2003103340A (en) | Manufacturing method for metallic part | |
SU722645A1 (en) | Method of producing shaped cavity in workpiece having technological opening |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19980923 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19990128 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020313 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69711030 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20020418 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020613 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020925 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20021216 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20040224 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20040311 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20040528 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050326 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051001 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20050326 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051130 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20051130 |