EP0699447A1 - Centrifugal bloodpump - Google Patents

Centrifugal bloodpump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0699447A1
EP0699447A1 EP95108362A EP95108362A EP0699447A1 EP 0699447 A1 EP0699447 A1 EP 0699447A1 EP 95108362 A EP95108362 A EP 95108362A EP 95108362 A EP95108362 A EP 95108362A EP 0699447 A1 EP0699447 A1 EP 0699447A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
rotor
pump rotor
blood
centrifugal blood
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95108362A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0699447B1 (en
Inventor
Nikolaus Prof. Dr. Med. Mendler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maquet Cardiopulmonary GmbH
Original Assignee
Jostra Medizintechnik AG
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Publication of EP0699447A1 publication Critical patent/EP0699447A1/en
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/226—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly radial components
    • A61M60/232—Centrifugal pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/419—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being permanent magnetic, e.g. from a rotating magnetic coupling between driving and driven magnets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/81—Pump housings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • A61M60/825—Contact bearings, e.g. ball-and-cup or pivot bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifugal blood pump, in particular for heart replacement devices, with a pump rotor which is rotatably arranged within a cm liquid-tight and gas-tight except for at least one blood inlet and at least one blood outlet opening and which can be driven by an externally arranged drive motor by means of magnetic coupling.
  • Centrifugal blood pumps are becoming increasingly important in relation to so-called roller pumps and also in relation to ventricular pumps for blood delivery, since they can be used to avoid the disadvantages of the above-mentioned pumps that occur during blood delivery.
  • These disadvantages of the easy-to-use and inexpensive roller pump are that it is a pure positive displacement pump that is insensitive to the medium being pumped, so that, for example, air with a fatal consequence can be pumped into a patient when an upstream blood reservoir is drained.
  • any high pressure can build up in the system. Due to constant flexing of the roller on a blood-carrying tube, mechanical hemolysis is unavoidable and there is a risk of significant abrasion inside the tube.
  • the main disadvantage of the ventricular pump is that it is a represents complex construction with membranes and valves, is correspondingly expensive and is therefore not well suited to a one-way device required for safety reasons.
  • centrifugal blood pumps In contrast, the advantage of centrifugal blood pumps is that the pumping action is immediately interrupted in the event of a massive air break-in. Also, mechanical abrasion of plastic particles and their entrainment into the bloodstream need not be expected. Blood damage from rotary pumps is noticeably less than from roller pumps.
  • the previously known centrifugal pumps for the promotion of blood in the extracorporeal circulation still have the disadvantage that they are structurally complex, even in their pump part to be carried out as a disposable item.
  • bearings located outside the blood-carrying area are usually provided, which must be sealed against the blood-carrying area by shaft seals. The seals limit the service life of the blood pumps.
  • the invention has for its object to design a centrifugal blood pump of the type mentioned in such a way that it is in one to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages affordable small design of your pump part to be trained as a disposable item.
  • the desired small design of the pump part is achieved above all by the radial magnetic coupling of the pump rotor with an external drive part and by avoiding complex and expensive stabilizing magnets in the area of the pump rotor.
  • an additional slide bearing of the rotor which is designed to be seal-free in the blood flow area, is provided.
  • the permanently magnetized or non-permanently magnetized ferromagnetic areas of the pump rotor can be limited to a very small height, so that the ratio of the radius of the driving part of the pump rotor to the height of the ferromagnetic areas can be at least 10: 1.
  • the rotary coupling part which is arranged outside the pump housing and is connected to a drive motor can also be designed with a small axial height.
  • the driver part of the pump rotor is expediently disc-shaped and provided with driver elements for conveying the blood on at least one of the two sides of this disc-shaped part.
  • centrifugal blood pump designed according to the invention with its relatively low cost of its disposable pump part, can be designed to be reliable and with a relatively small pump chamber volume, so that the contact area that the blood has with the pump part is corresponding is short and the residence time of the blood in the pump device is considerably shorter than is the case with previously known centrifugal blood pumps.
  • the efficiency of the trained according to the invention Pump is accordingly high.
  • the rapid blood flow through the pump means that there is no overheating and no noticeable mechanical hemolysis.
  • a pump rotor 15 is arranged, which consists of a disk-shaped driver part 15.1, on one side of which pump elements 16 of a suitable and well-known type are formed, in particular curved blades of an open impeller.
  • ferromagnetic regions 17 are formed in a uniform distribution over its circumference, which are permanently magnetized in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the ferromagnetic regions 17 are the arms of a cross 18 of the same arm, and this ferromagnetic cross 18 is so permanently magnetized that its four arms form successive north poles N and south poles S as seen over the rotor circumference.
  • the axis of rotation 19 of the pump rotor 15 runs coaxially with the output shaft 11 of the drive motor 10 coupled to an electrical control device (not shown).
  • a ring 20 Arranged on the disk 12 connected to the output shaft 11 of the motor 10 is a ring 20 which surrounds the pump housing 13 at the level of the driver part 15.1 of the pump rotor 15 and which, according to FIG. 2, has four permanent magnets 21 on its inside in the embodiment shown. seen over the circumference of the pump rotor 15 and its driver part 15.1 alternately form north poles N and south poles S.
  • the permanent magnets 21 run at a constant distance together with a magnetic return bridge forming ring 20 around the stationary pump housing 13 and thereby take the pump rotor 15 by magnetic action on the ferromagnetic cross 18 of its driver part 15.1.
  • the pump rotor is stabilized in four of six spatial degrees of freedom.
  • FIG. 4 shows the principle of a magnetic coupling between the rotating permanent magnets 21 and the ferromagnetic cross 18 of the pump rotor which causes the pump rotor 15 to be entrained about the axis of rotation 19.
  • Fig. 4 also shows that the ferromagnetic cross 18 and the circumferential permanent magnets 21 are each formed as a thin plate or plate, the circumferential permanent magnet plates 21 each forming a magnetic field bridge 22 to the arms of the ferromagnetic cross 18, which is so flat that by no noticeable tilting moments are exerted on the associated arm of the ferromagnetic cross 18, rather the pump rotor is stabilized by the uniform distribution of the magnetic field bridges 22 over the circumference of the pump rotor and its ferromagnetic cross 18.
  • the dimensional ratio of the radius of these parts to the height of the permanent magnets 21 or of the ferromagnetic cross 18 is at least 10: 1.
  • the rotor 15 despite its magnetic stabilization in four of six degrees of freedom, is additionally inside the housing 13 at the central location 23 indicated in FIG. 1 by means of a disk 24 with a bearing opening having a cutting edge quasi-mounted and thereby mechanically stabilized against translational movements in the xz plane (Fig. 4).

Abstract

The centrifugal blood pump is esp. for heart replacement installations. It has a fluid and gas-tight closed housing with at least one blood inlet and one blood outlet. It contains a rotatably arranged pump rotor driven by an external drive motor using a magnetic coupling. The pump rotor (15) over its periphery has equally distributed ferromagnetic areas (17) influenced by permanent magnets (21) equally distributed on the periphery of a rotary coupling part (12,13,14,15,16,17,20) connected to the drive motor. For additional stabilisation against translation in the radial direction, the pump rotor is mechanically located, eg. by a bearing disc 24, without a seal within the pump housing in the blood throughflow area.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe, insbesondere für Herz-Ersatzeinrichtungen, mit eincm innerhalb eines bis auf mindestens eine Bluteinlaß- und mindestens eine Blutauslaßöffnung flüssigkeits- und gasdicht geschlossenen Gehäuses drehbar angeordneten Pumpenrotor, der von einem außerhalb angeordneten Antriebsmotor mittels magnetischer Koppelung antreibbar ist.The invention relates to a centrifugal blood pump, in particular for heart replacement devices, with a pump rotor which is rotatably arranged within a cm liquid-tight and gas-tight except for at least one blood inlet and at least one blood outlet opening and which can be driven by an externally arranged drive motor by means of magnetic coupling.

Zentrifugal-Blutpumpen gewinnen gegenüber sogenannten Rollerpumpen und auch gegenüber Ventrikelpumpen für die Blutförderung immer mehr an Bedeutung, da mit ihnen bei der Blutförderung auftretende Nachteile der vorstehend genannten Pumpen vermieden werden können. Diese Nachteile bestehen bei der leicht zu bedienenden und kostengünstigen Rollerpumpe darin, daß es sich hier um eine reine Verdrängerpumpe handelt, die gegenüber dem gepumpten Medium unsensibel ist, so daß beispielsweise beim Leerlaufen eines vorgeschalteten Blutreservoirs Luft mit tödlicher Folge in einen Patienten gepumpt werden kann. Außerdem kann sich bei einer Blockierung einer Blutleitung ein beliebig hoher Druck in dem System aufbauen. Durch eine ständige Walkarbeit der Roller auf einem blutführenden Schlauch ist mechanische Hämolyse unvermeidlich und kann im Innern des Schlauches eine Emboliegefahr bedeutender Abrieb entstehen.
Bei der Ventrikelpumpe ist neben der ebenfalls möglichen Förderung von Luft der Hauptnachteil darin zu sehen, daß sie eine aufwendige Konstruktion mit Membranen und Ventilen darstellt, entsprechend teuer ist und sich daher nicht gut zu einer aus Sicherheitsgründen erforderlichen Einwegeinrichtung eignet.Centrifugal blood pumps are becoming increasingly important in relation to so-called roller pumps and also in relation to ventricular pumps for blood delivery, since they can be used to avoid the disadvantages of the above-mentioned pumps that occur during blood delivery. These disadvantages of the easy-to-use and inexpensive roller pump are that it is a pure positive displacement pump that is insensitive to the medium being pumped, so that, for example, air with a fatal consequence can be pumped into a patient when an upstream blood reservoir is drained. In addition, if a blood line is blocked, any high pressure can build up in the system. Due to constant flexing of the roller on a blood-carrying tube, mechanical hemolysis is unavoidable and there is a risk of significant abrasion inside the tube.
In addition to the possible delivery of air, the main disadvantage of the ventricular pump is that it is a represents complex construction with membranes and valves, is correspondingly expensive and is therefore not well suited to a one-way device required for safety reasons.

Demgegenüber ist bei den Zentrifugal-Blutpumpen der Vorteil vorhanden, daß bei einem massiven Lufteinbruch die Pumpwirkung sofort unterbrochen wird. Auch muß nicht mit einem mechanischen Abrieb von Kunststoffpartikeln und deren Verschleppung in den Blutstrom gerechnet werden. Die Blutschädigung durch Rotationspumpen ist merklich geringer als durch Rollerpumpen. Die bisher bekannten Zentrifugalpumpen für die Förderung von Blut in der extrakorporalen Zirkulation haben aber immer noch den Nachteil, daß sie konstruktiv aufwendig sind, auch in ihrem als Einmal-Artikel auszuführenden Pumpenteil. Für den Rotor sind meist außerhalb des blutführenden Bereiches befindliche Lager vorgesehen, die über Wellendichtungen gegen den blutführenden Bereich abgedichtet sein müssen. Die Dichtungen begrenzen die Standzeit der Blutpumpen. Weitere Nachteile sind eine mangelhafte Abfuhr von Reibungswärme, die bei einer längeren Verweilzeit des Blutes innerhalb der Pumpe zu einer lokalen Überhitzung von Blut mit der Gefahr von Denaturierung von Bluteiweiß und einer Zellzerstörung führen kann. Es sind zwar bereits dichtungsfreie Zentrifugal-Blutpumpen und selbst solche mit lagerlosen Rotoren mit ausschließlich magnetischer Stabilisierung vorgeschlagen worden. Diese Pumpen haben aber immer noch den Nachteil eines großen Konstruktionsaufwandes, und sie erfordern aus Stabilisierungsgründen eine aufwendige Steuerung mit elektromagnetischer Rückkoppelung und damit einen unerwünscht großen Pumpenrotor, was wiederum zu einem großen Blutkammervolumen dieser Pumpen mit entsprechend großer Reibkontaktfläche für das Blut und einer relativ langen Verweilzeit des Blutes im Pumpenbereich führt.In contrast, the advantage of centrifugal blood pumps is that the pumping action is immediately interrupted in the event of a massive air break-in. Also, mechanical abrasion of plastic particles and their entrainment into the bloodstream need not be expected. Blood damage from rotary pumps is noticeably less than from roller pumps. The previously known centrifugal pumps for the promotion of blood in the extracorporeal circulation still have the disadvantage that they are structurally complex, even in their pump part to be carried out as a disposable item. For the rotor, bearings located outside the blood-carrying area are usually provided, which must be sealed against the blood-carrying area by shaft seals. The seals limit the service life of the blood pumps. Further disadvantages are inadequate removal of frictional heat, which can lead to local overheating of blood with a longer residence time of the blood within the pump, with the risk of denaturing blood protein and cell destruction. Seal-free centrifugal blood pumps and even those with bearingless rotors with exclusively magnetic stabilization have indeed been proposed. However, these pumps still have the disadvantage of a large design effort, and for stabilization reasons they require complex control with electromagnetic feedback and thus an undesirably large pump rotor, which in turn leads to a large blood chamber volume of these pumps with a correspondingly large frictional contact area for the blood and a relatively long dwell time of blood in the pump area.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß sie sich in einer zur Vermeidung vorstehend genannter Nachteile günstigen Kleinbauform ihres als Einmal-Artikel auszubildenden Pumpenteiles gestalten läßt.The invention has for its object to design a centrifugal blood pump of the type mentioned in such a way that it is in one to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages affordable small design of your pump part to be trained as a disposable item.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird mit der genannten Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Hauptanspruches aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst.The stated object is achieved with the centrifugal blood pump mentioned by the features listed in the characterizing part of the main claim.

Die angestrebte Kleinbauweise des Pumpenteiles wird vor allem durch die radialgerichtete magnetische Mitnahmekoppelung des Pumpenrotors mit einem äußeren Antriebsteil und durch die Vermeidung aufwendiger und teurer Stabilisierungsmagnete im Bereich des Pumpenrotors erzielt. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist eine zusätzliche, im Blutdurchlaufbereich dichtungsfrei ausgebildete Gleitlagerung des Rotors vorgesehen. Dabei lassen sich die permanentmagnetisierten oder auch nicht permanentmagnetisierten ferromagnetischen Bereiche des Pumpenrotors auf eine sehr geringe Höhe begrenzen, so daß das Verhältnis des Radius des Mitnehmerteiles des Pumpenrotors zur Höhe der ferromagnetischen Bereiche mindestens 10:1 betragen kann. Entsprechend läßt sich auch der außerhalb des Pumpengehäuses angeordnete und mit einem Antriebsmotor verbundene Drehkupplungsteil mit geringer axialer Höhe ausbilden. Zweckmäßig ist der Mitnehmerteil des Pumpenrotors scheibenförmig ausgebildet und auf mindestens einer der beiden Seiten dieses scheibenförmigen Teiles mit Mitnahmeelementen zur Förderung des Blutes versehen.The desired small design of the pump part is achieved above all by the radial magnetic coupling of the pump rotor with an external drive part and by avoiding complex and expensive stabilizing magnets in the area of the pump rotor. In a preferred embodiment, an additional slide bearing of the rotor, which is designed to be seal-free in the blood flow area, is provided. The permanently magnetized or non-permanently magnetized ferromagnetic areas of the pump rotor can be limited to a very small height, so that the ratio of the radius of the driving part of the pump rotor to the height of the ferromagnetic areas can be at least 10: 1. Correspondingly, the rotary coupling part which is arranged outside the pump housing and is connected to a drive motor can also be designed with a small axial height. The driver part of the pump rotor is expediently disc-shaped and provided with driver elements for conveying the blood on at least one of the two sides of this disc-shaped part.

Versuche mit einem ersten Prototyp haben bereits gezeigt, daß sich eine erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe mit ihrem relativ geringen Kostenaufwand ihres Einweg-Pumpenteiles betriebssicher und mit einem relativ kleinen Pumpenkammervolumen ausbilden läßt, so daß die Kontaktfläche, die das Blut mit dem Pumpenteil hat, entsprechend gering ist und die Verweilzeit des Blutes in der Pumpeinrichtung wesentlich kürzer ist, als dies bei bisher bekannten Zentrifugal-Blutpumpen der Fall ist. Der Wirkungsgrad der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Pumpe ist dementsprechend hoch. An einem zusätzlichen Gleitlager, insbesondere Spitzenlager, kann bei dem raschen Blutdurchsatz durch die Pumpe keine Übererwärmung und keine merkliche mechanische Hämolyse erfolgen. Die Kombination einer guten magnetischen Stabilisierung in Axialrichtung mit einer zusätzlichen mechanischen Stabilisierung des Pumpenrotors in Radialrichtung stellt keinen nachteiligen Kompromiß dar, sondern bringt bei dem bereits schon erwähnten kostengünstigen geringen Konstruktionsaufwand eine wesentliche Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit gegenüber einer aufwendigen, rein magnetischen Stabilisierung des Rotors einer solchen Pumpe. Bei Stromausfall ist die Stabilisierung des Rotors nicht gestört, so daß die Pumpe im Handbetrieb weiterbetätigt werden kann.Experiments with a first prototype have already shown that a centrifugal blood pump designed according to the invention, with its relatively low cost of its disposable pump part, can be designed to be reliable and with a relatively small pump chamber volume, so that the contact area that the blood has with the pump part is corresponding is short and the residence time of the blood in the pump device is considerably shorter than is the case with previously known centrifugal blood pumps. The efficiency of the trained according to the invention Pump is accordingly high. On an additional slide bearing, in particular a tip bearing, the rapid blood flow through the pump means that there is no overheating and no noticeable mechanical hemolysis. The combination of a good magnetic stabilization in the axial direction with an additional mechanical stabilization of the pump rotor in the radial direction does not represent a disadvantageous compromise, but brings with the already mentioned inexpensive low design effort a substantial increase in operational reliability compared to a complex, purely magnetic stabilization of the rotor of such a pump . In the event of a power failure, the stabilization of the rotor is not disturbed, so that the pump can continue to be operated in manual mode.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of a centrifugal blood pump designed according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Im einzelnen zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen zentralen Längsschnitt durch die Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe;
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch die Blutpumpe entlang der Linie II-II in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
einen Querschnitt durch die Blutpumpe entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4
eine perspektivische Einzeldarstellung des magnetischen Mitnehmer- und Stabilisierungssystemes für den Pumpenrotor.
In detail show:
Fig. 1
a central longitudinal section through the centrifugal blood pump;
Fig. 2
a cross section through the blood pump along the line II-II in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
a cross section through the blood pump along the line III-III in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4
a perspective individual representation of the magnetic driver and stabilization system for the pump rotor.

Aus der stark schematisierten Schnittfigur 1 sind ein elektrischer Antriebsmotor 10, seine Abtriebswelle 11, eine auf der Abtriebswelle 11 konzentrisch befestigte Scheibe 12 und ein in einem nicht dargestellten Halter auswechselbar und stationär angeordnetes Pumpengehäuse 13 ersichtlich. Das Pumpengehäuse 13 ist bis auf eine zentrale Pumpeneinlaßöffnung 14 und eine aus Fig. 3 ersichtliche tangentiale Pumpenauslauföffnung 15 dicht verschlossen und bildet ein in einen nicht dargestellten extrakorporalen Abschnitt eines Blutkreislaufs einsetzbares Betriebsteil, das nur für eine einmalige Benutzung vorgesehen ist.From the highly schematic sectional figure 1 are an electric drive motor 10, its output shaft 11, a disk 12 fixed concentrically on the output shaft 11 and an in a not shown holder replaceable and stationary pump housing 13 can be seen. Except for a central pump inlet opening 14 and a tangential pump outlet opening 15 shown in FIG. 3, the pump housing 13 is tightly sealed and forms an operating part which can be used in an extracorporeal section of a blood circuit, not shown, and which is intended for single use only.

Im Innern des dichten Pumpengehäuses 13 ist ein Pumpenrotor 15 angeordnet, der aus einem scheibenförmigen Mitnehmerteil 15.1 besteht, an dessen einer Seite Pumpelemente 16 passender und auch bekanntere Art angeformt sind, insbesondere gekrümmte Flügel eines offenen Flügelrades. In dem scheibenförmigen Mitnehmerteil 15.1 sind in gleichmäßiger Verteilung über seinen Umfang ferromagnetische Bereiche 17 ausgebildet, die beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel permanentmagnetisiert sind. Wie das Schnittbild der Fig. 2 zeigt, sind bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die ferromagnetischen Bereiche 17 die Arme eines gleicharmigen Kreuzes 18, und dieses ferromagnetische Kreuz 18 ist so permanentmagnetisiert, daß seine vier Arme über den Rotorumfang gesehen aufeinanderfolgende Nordpole N und Südpole S bilden. Die Rotationsachse 19 des Pumpenrotors 15 verläuft koaxial zur Abtriebswelle 11 des mit einer nicht dargestellten elektrischen Steuereinrichtung gekoppelten Antriebsmotors 10.In the interior of the sealed pump housing 13, a pump rotor 15 is arranged, which consists of a disk-shaped driver part 15.1, on one side of which pump elements 16 of a suitable and well-known type are formed, in particular curved blades of an open impeller. In the disk-shaped driver part 15.1, ferromagnetic regions 17 are formed in a uniform distribution over its circumference, which are permanently magnetized in the exemplary embodiment shown. As the sectional view of FIG. 2 shows, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the ferromagnetic regions 17 are the arms of a cross 18 of the same arm, and this ferromagnetic cross 18 is so permanently magnetized that its four arms form successive north poles N and south poles S as seen over the rotor circumference. The axis of rotation 19 of the pump rotor 15 runs coaxially with the output shaft 11 of the drive motor 10 coupled to an electrical control device (not shown).

Auf der mit der Abtriebswelle 11 des Motors 10 verbundenen Scheibe 12 ist ein das Pumpengehäuse 13 auf der Höhe des Mitnehmerteiles 15.1 des Pumpenrotors 15 umfangender Ring 20 angeordnet, der gemäß Fig. 2 bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel auf seiner Innenseite mit vier Permanentmagneten 21 besetzt ist, die über den Umfang des Pumpenrotors 15 und seines Mitnehmerteiles 15.1 gesehen abwechselnd Nordpole N und Südpole S bilden. Die Permanentmagnete 21 laufen mit konstantem Abstand zusammen mit dem eine magnetische Rückschlußbrücke bildenden Ring 20 um das stationäre Pumpengehäuse 13 um und nehmen dabei den Pumpenrotor 15 durch magnetische Einwirkung auf das ferromagnetische Kreuz 18 seines Mitnehmerteils 15.1 mit. Gleichzeitig wird dabei auch eine Stabilisierung des Pumpenrotors in vier von sechs räumlichen Freiheitsgraden bewirkt.Arranged on the disk 12 connected to the output shaft 11 of the motor 10 is a ring 20 which surrounds the pump housing 13 at the level of the driver part 15.1 of the pump rotor 15 and which, according to FIG. 2, has four permanent magnets 21 on its inside in the embodiment shown. seen over the circumference of the pump rotor 15 and its driver part 15.1 alternately form north poles N and south poles S. The permanent magnets 21 run at a constant distance together with a magnetic return bridge forming ring 20 around the stationary pump housing 13 and thereby take the pump rotor 15 by magnetic action on the ferromagnetic cross 18 of its driver part 15.1. At the same time, the pump rotor is stabilized in four of six spatial degrees of freedom.

Fig. 4 zeigt das Prinzip der eine Mitnahme des Pumpenrotors 15 um die Drehachse 19 bewirkenden magnetische Koppelung zwischen den umlaufenden Permanentmagneten 21 und dem ferromagnetischen Kreuz 18 des Pumpenrotors. Fig. 4 zeigt auch, daß das ferromagnetische Kreuz 18 und die umlaufenden Permantentmagneten 21 jeweils als dünne Platte oder Plättchen ausgebildet sind, wobei die umlaufenden Permanentmagnetplättchen 21 jeweils eine Magnetfeldbrücke 22 zu den Armen des ferromagnetischen Kreuzes 18 bilden, die so flach ist, daß durch sie keine merklichen Kippmomente auf den zugeordneten Arm des ferromagnetischen Kreuzes 18 ausgeübt werden, vielmehr durch die gleichmäßige Verteilung der Magnetfeldbrücken 22 über den Umfang des Pumpenrotors und seines ferromagnetischen Kreuzes 18 eine Stabilisierung des Pumpenrotors erfolgt. Sowohl bei dem die Permanentmagnete 21 innenseitig tragenden Drehkupplungsteil als auch bei dem Pumpenrotor 15 beträgt das Maßverhältnis des Radius dieser Teile zu der Höhe der Permanentmagnete 21 oder des ferromagnetischen Kreuzes 18 mindestens 10:1.FIG. 4 shows the principle of a magnetic coupling between the rotating permanent magnets 21 and the ferromagnetic cross 18 of the pump rotor which causes the pump rotor 15 to be entrained about the axis of rotation 19. Fig. 4 also shows that the ferromagnetic cross 18 and the circumferential permanent magnets 21 are each formed as a thin plate or plate, the circumferential permanent magnet plates 21 each forming a magnetic field bridge 22 to the arms of the ferromagnetic cross 18, which is so flat that by no noticeable tilting moments are exerted on the associated arm of the ferromagnetic cross 18, rather the pump rotor is stabilized by the uniform distribution of the magnetic field bridges 22 over the circumference of the pump rotor and its ferromagnetic cross 18. Both in the rotary coupling part carrying the permanent magnets 21 on the inside and in the pump rotor 15, the dimensional ratio of the radius of these parts to the height of the permanent magnets 21 or of the ferromagnetic cross 18 is at least 10: 1.

Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe gemäß der Erfindung ist der Rotor 15 trotz seiner magnetischen Stabilisierung in vier von sechs Freiheitsgraden zusätzlich innerhalb des Gehäuses 13 an der in Fig. 1 angedeuteten zentralen Stelle 23 mittels einer Scheibe 24 mit einer einen schneidenförmigen Rand aufweisenden Lageröffnung quasi spitzengelagert und dadurch gegen translatorische Bewegungen in der x-z-Ebene (Fig. 4) mechanisch stabilisiert.In the illustrated embodiment of a centrifugal blood pump according to the invention, the rotor 15, despite its magnetic stabilization in four of six degrees of freedom, is additionally inside the housing 13 at the central location 23 indicated in FIG. 1 by means of a disk 24 with a bearing opening having a cutting edge quasi-mounted and thereby mechanically stabilized against translational movements in the xz plane (Fig. 4).

Claims (9)

Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe, insbesondere für Herz-Ersatzeinrichtungen, mit einem innerhalb eines bis auf mindestens eine Bluteinlaß- und mindestens eine Blutauslaßöffnung flüssigkeits- und gasdicht geschlossenen Gehäuses drehbar angeordneten Pumpenrotor, der von einem außerhalb angeordneten Antriebsrotor mittels magnetischer Koppelung antreibbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Pumpenrotor (15) von seiner Peripherie her beeinflußbare, über den Rotorumfang gleichmäßig verteilte ferromagnetische Bereiche (17, 18) aufweist, auf welche radial dazu außerhalb des Gehäuses in einem mit dem Antriebsmotor verbundenen Drehkupplungsteil (12/20) ebenfalls über dessen Umfang gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnete Permanentmagnete (21) den Pumpenrotor mitnehmend und stabilisierend einwirken.Centrifugal blood pump, in particular for heart replacement devices, with a pump rotor which is rotatably arranged within a housing which is liquid and gas-tight except for at least one blood inlet and at least one blood outlet opening and which can be driven by means of a magnetic coupling from an external drive rotor, characterized in that the pump rotor (15) has ferromagnetic regions (17, 18) which can be influenced from its periphery and are uniformly distributed over the circumference of the rotor, to which radially outside of the housing in a rotary coupling part (12/20) connected to the drive motor also uniformly distributed over its circumference arranged permanent magnets (21) have a driving and stabilizing effect on the pump rotor. Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur zusätzlichen Stabilisierung gegen Translation in Radialrichtung der Pumpenrotor innerhalb des Pumpengehäuses im Blutdurchlaufbereich dichtungsfrei mechanisch gelagert (Lagerscheibe 24) ist.Centrifugal blood pump according to claim 1, characterized in that for additional stabilization against translation in the radial direction, the pump rotor within the pump housing in the blood flow area is mechanically mounted without a seal (bearing disc 24). Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drehkupplungsteil (12/20) einen die Permanentmagnete (21) auf seiner Innenumfangsseite tragenden Ring (20) aufweist, der gleichzeitig eine magnetische Rückschlußbrücke zwischen den einzelnen Permanentmagneten bildet.Centrifugal blood pump according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotary coupling part (12/20) has a ring (20) which carries the permanent magnets (21) on its inner circumferential side and which at the same time forms a magnetic return bridge between the individual permanent magnets. Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe der Permanentmagnete (21) des Drehkupplungsteiles (12/20) in Axialrichtung des Pumpenrotors (15) mindestens annähernd gleich der Höhe der ferromagnetischen Bereiche (17, 18) des Pumpenrotors (15) ist.Centrifugal blood pump according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the height of the permanent magnets (21) of the rotary coupling part (12/20) in the axial direction of the pump rotor (15) is at least approximately equal to the height of the ferromagnetic regions (17, 18) of the Pump rotor (15) is. Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl bei dem Drehkupplungsteil (20) an seinem Innenumfang als auch bei dem Pumpenrotor (15.1) an seinem Außenumfang das Verhältnis des Radius dieser Teile zu der Höhe der Permanentmagnete (21) oder der ferromagnetischen Bereiche (17, 18) mindestens 10:1 beträgt.Centrifugal blood pump according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that both in the case of the rotary coupling part (20) on its inner circumference and in the case of the pump rotor (15.1) on its outer circumference, the ratio of the radius of these parts to the height of the permanent magnets (21) or ferromagnetic areas (17, 18) is at least 10: 1. Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ferromagnetischen Bereiche (17) des Pumpenrotors (15) permanentmagnetisiert sind.Centrifugal blood pump according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ferromagnetic regions (17) of the pump rotor (15) are permanently magnetized. Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzahl der Permanentmagnete (21) des Drehkupplungsteiles (12/20) gleich der Anzahl der ferromagnetischen Bereiche (17) des Pumpenrotors ist.Centrifugal blood pump according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the number of permanent magnets (21) of the rotary coupling part (12/20) is equal to the number of ferromagnetic areas (17) of the pump rotor. Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ferromagnetischen Bereiche (17, 18) des Pumpenrotors (15) in einem scheibenförmigen Mitnehmerteil (15.1) des Rotorkörpers ausgebildet sind, an welchen sich mindestens axial einseitig ein mit Pumpelementen (16) versehener Rotorteil anschließt.Centrifugal blood pump according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ferromagnetic regions (17, 18) of the pump rotor (15) are formed in a disk-shaped driver part (15.1) of the rotor body, on which at least one axial side with pump elements ( 16) provided rotor part connects. Zentrifugal-Blutpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mechanische Lager des Pumpenrotors aus einem eine Schneide oder Spitzen aufweisenden Lagerteil (24) besteht.Centrifugal blood pump according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mechanical bearing of the pump rotor consists of a bearing part (24) having a cutting edge or tips.
EP95108362A 1994-08-31 1995-06-01 Centrifugal bloodpump Expired - Lifetime EP0699447B1 (en)

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EP0699447B1 (en) 2001-11-14
US5658136A (en) 1997-08-19
DE59509833D1 (en) 2001-12-20
JP2869886B2 (en) 1999-03-10
DE4430853A1 (en) 1996-03-07

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