EP0698459B1 - Chipper tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The hacking blades (21) are arranged along the surface (41) on several spirals concentric to the axis (17) of the chipping tool (10) and comprises a primary cutter (50) and a secondary cutter (51). The primary cutter lies in a radial plane (52) to the axis and the secondary cutter in a plane (53) inclined to the radial plane. The primary cutter is adjusted at a first acute angle in relation to a vertical to the cutting direction (54). This acute angle is pref. between 30 and 35 deg. The secondary cutter is set at a second acute angle to the vertical, which is pref. between 10 and 20 deg. The primary cutter forms an edge of a first roof incline of the hacking blade, which is located in the radial plane.

Description

The invention relates to a chipping tool, in particular for Machining tree trunks with a conical support body, whose surface is equipped with cleavers, the Chopping knife along several to one axis of the chipping tool concentric spirals arranged on the surface are and have a major cutting edge and a minor cutting edge, and further the main cutting edge in a radial plane Axis and the minor cutting edge in an inclined to the radial plane Lie level and are movable in a cutting direction.

A chipping tool of the type mentioned above is from the DE-PS 31 14 332 known.

The known cutting tool is a so-called profile cutting tool, like it was still flattening from the side completely or partially untreated tree trunks are used. The known profile chipper tool has an axis rotating tool head, which is provided with chopping knives. The chopping knives have blades that are used to produce wood chips and for side processing of a tree trunk or log protrude over the conical surface of the tool. Furthermore, that is known profile chipper tool with a circular saw blade provided that on a face of the log facing the Tool head is arranged coaxially to the axis. The circular saw blade is used for side surface processing of the log.

The well-known profile chipper tool chops using the cleaver Wood chips from the side areas of the tree trunk or Logs out while at the front of the tool arranged saw blade for finishing the flattened sides serves.

In the known tool, the cleaver with their Main cutting edge aligned perpendicular to the cutting direction. The Main blades loosen the wood chips along its broad side from the processed wood of the log, while the minor cutting edge serves the wood chips worked out in this way to separate laterally.

It has been shown that in some applications, this Surface quality achievable in this way is not yet sufficient is.

Another profile cutting tool of the type mentioned Art is known from DE-PS 30 45 107. In this well-known Instead of a circular saw blade, the tool is a saw ring on the End face of the tool provided that the inside Cleaver partly overlapped. With regard to the achievable This results in surface quality of the processed wood no improvements compared to the above Tool according to DE-PS 31 14 332.

From DE-OS 24 00 810 is finally a tool holder known for cleaver, which also has a conical surface having. Along a spiral line on the conical Surface are milled into these saddles, in which cleaver can be attached. Some of the cleavers protrude the periphery of the tapered carrier over and are circumferential of the tool inclined forward in the direction of rotation. The main cutting edge is thus located in this known tool in the axial direction, so that there is a risk that curved grooves on the machined surface of the log arise.

The invention has for its object a cutting tool of the type mentioned to the extent that the Surface of the processed log is further improved.

This object is achieved in that the Main cutting edge opposite a perpendicular to the cutting direction is advanced by a first, acute angle.

The object underlying the invention is achieved in this way completely solved, because with the mentioned cutting edge geometry all fibers of the wood are gripped in an oblique cut and be cut in an oblique direction. The leading side the main cutting edge takes on the function of a hold-down device or pressure bar. It prevents fibers from subsequent cutting part is pulled out of the solid material will. The leading part of the main cutting edge also ensures that the chip to be lifted on the downstream in the feed direction Corner of the cutting edge is deflected more than at the upstream. This type of change of direction creates a chip twisted about its longitudinal axis, which is only small Outbreaks created in the wood.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first angles between 10 ° and 40 °, preferably between 30 ° and 35 °.

This dimensioning has been used in practice for common woods proven to be optimal.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention sharpen the minor cutting edge to the vertical by a second Pre-set angle.

This way they are already for the main cutting edge explained advantages also for the area of the cut at the Minor cutting edge reached.

It is preferred if the second angle is between 0 ° and 30 °, preferably between 10 ° and 20 °.

These values have also proven to be optimal in practical tests proven for common woods.

In embodiments of the invention, the main cutting edge forms an edge of a first sloping roof of the cleaver, which in the radial plane.

This measure has the advantage of being a stable tool arises in which the friction losses and thus the heat development is kept low because the flat first roof slope when rotating the tool always a distance from Steady wood adheres as the main cutting edge runs along moving on a curved surface.

The same applies if, in a preferred further education, the Invention the minor cutting edge of an edge of a second roof slope of the cleaver that lies in the inclined plane.

In the two above-mentioned embodiments further preferred if the chopping knives comprise a flange, on which the sloping ceilings are molded in one piece.

This measure has the advantage that it is particularly stable Tool is created that practically does not have its own deformations subject to.

This is especially true if the sloping ceilings on one Projection of the flange are formed.

This measure has the advantage that on the one hand flat area of the flange for fastening the chopping knife is available, but on the other hand the mechanically highly stressed Part of the chopping knife designed accordingly compact can be.

This has a particularly good effect in the invention achieved that the radial plane with the inclined plane includes a third angle that is between 110 ° and 140 °, preferably between 125 ° and 135 °.

These values have also been shown in practical trials proven optimal for common woods.

Finally, embodiments of the invention are preferred, where the cleaver is inclined on the support body Fastening surfaces are arranged around the radial plane a fourth, acute angle is made between 30 ° and 50 °, preferably between 35 ° and 45 °.

This measure has the advantage that the application of force by the cutting edges in the carrier body can be optimized because on the one hand the blades for the cleaver and on the other hand the Cleaver over the inclined mounting surfaces to the carrier body are employed and in this way essentially Pressure loads and no bending loads occur.

Further advantages result from the description and the attached drawing.

It is understood that the above and those below Features to be explained not only in each case specified combination, but also in other combinations or can be used alone, without the scope of to leave the present invention.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf ein paarweise eingesetztes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Zerspanerwerkzeuges im Eingriff an einem Baumstamm;

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht, teilweise geschnitten, auf das Zerspanerwerkzeug gemäß Fig. 1;

Fig. 2a

ein Detail aus Fig. 2 in einer um 90° geklappten Ansicht entlang der Linie III-III von Fig. 2;

Fig. 3

in vergrößertem Maßstab eine Seitenansicht, ähnlich Fig. 2a, auf ein Hackmesser, wie es beim erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zerspanerwerkzeuges verwendet wird;

Fig. 4

das Hackmesser gemäß Fig. 3, jedoch in Vorderansicht;

Fig. 4a

eine Darstellung, ähnlich Fig. 4, teilweise abgebrochen, in einer geringfügig um eine in der Zeichenebene liegende Achse gekippt, entlang der Ansicht IVa-IVa von Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht von oben auf das Hackmesser gemäß Fig. 3;

Fig. 6

in weiter vergrößertem Maßstab eine perspektivische Ansicht des Hackmessers gemäß den Figuren 3 bis 5, in Vorderansicht;

Fig. 7

eine Darstellung, ähnlich Fig. 6, jedoch in einer Ansicht von hinten.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:

Fig. 1

a plan view of a paired embodiment of a chipper tool according to the invention in engagement with a tree trunk;

Fig. 2

a side view, partly in section, of the chipping tool according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 2a

a detail of Figure 2 in a 90 ° folded view along the line III-III of Fig. 2.

Fig. 3

on an enlarged scale, a side view, similar to FIG. 2a, of a chopping knife as used in the embodiment of a chipping tool according to the invention;

Fig. 4

the cleaver according to Figure 3, but in front view.

Fig. 4a

an illustration, similar to Figure 4, partially broken, tilted slightly about an axis lying in the plane of the drawing, along the view IVa-IVa of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5

a top view of the cleaver according to FIG. 3;

Fig. 6

in a further enlarged scale, a perspective view of the chopping knife according to Figures 3 to 5, in front view;

Fig. 7

a representation, similar to FIG. 6, but in a view from behind.

In the figures, 10 overall designates a chipping tool, as it is preferably used for machining logs, in particular Tree trunks is used.

1 shows the chipping tool 10 in pairs 10, 10 ', the chipping tools 10, 10' on opposite Sides of a tree trunk 11 are engaged. Of the Tree trunk 11 becomes relative in the direction of an arrow 12 to the spatially arranged cutting tools 10, 10 ' promoted.

The chipping tools 10, 10 'are about a common axis 17 rotatable. For this purpose they are with appropriate waves 15 provided which are driven in the direction of an arrow 16.

The chipping tools 10 are on the outside with a provided approximately conical surface. On this surface there are spirals 20 which are equipped with chopping knives 21 are. As is known per se, several spiral tracks, for example three spiral tracks in a concentric arrangement be provided.

At the front of the chipping tool 10, 10 'is a Circular saw blade 22 provided around sides 30, 30 'of the tree trunk 11 to be processed as finely as possible.

2 shows further details of the chipping tool 10.

A hollow cone-shaped carrier body 40 points outwards on it facing side a conical surface 41. In the Surface 41 are recessed openings 42 which for Serve the cleaver 21 serve. For this purpose are in the receiving openings 42 inclined mounting surfaces 43 are provided.

As in particular also from FIGS. 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6 and 7 can be seen, each cleaver 21 comprises a flange 45, the flat portion of which is U-shaped with two legs 46 and an intermediate recess 47 is formed.

By means of fastening elements 48, for example pins, Screws and the like, the cleaver 21 can be positively on the inclined mounting surfaces 43 in the receiving openings 42 are attached.

Each cleaver 21 has a main cutting edge 50 and one Minor cutting edge 51 provided. From Fig. 2 it is clear that the Main cutting edges 50 in a radial plane 52 to the axis 17 of the Cutting tool 10 lie. The minor cutting edges 51 lie in contrast, in a plane 53 inclined to the radial plane 52. With an arrow 54 in Figures 2a, 4a and 6 is the cutting direction of the cleaver 21 marked. 55 marks 4a a perpendicular to the cutting direction 54.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 3 to 7, the flange 45 of each cleaver 21 has a front 60 and a rear side 61. At the top of the flange 45 are a first roof slope 62 and a second roof slope 63 in one piece molded. An edge 64 forms the transition between the first roof slope 62 and the front 60 of the flange 45. A second edge 65 forms the transition between the second Roof slope 63 and the front 60. A third edge 66 forms the transition between the sloping ceilings 62 and 63.

As can be seen particularly clearly from FIGS. 3, 6 and 7 is, the roof slopes 62, 63 are thickened Area of the flange 45 through a projection 67 from the Back 61 is formed.

The chopping knives 21 are, as already mentioned, by their attachment on the inclined mounting surfaces 43 of the carrier body 40 inclined, as shown particularly clearly in FIG. 2a is recognizable. The angle of inclination δ taken to Radial plane 52 is between 30 ° and 50 °, preferably between 35 ° and 45 °.

Since the first roof slope 62 with the front 60 same Includes angle δ, as can be seen from Fig. 3, lies the first roof slope 62 in the installed state of the chopping knife 21 exactly in the radial plane 52, as shown in Fig. 2a.

The main cutting edge 50 is now pointed to the cutting direction Angle α made leading.

This can already be seen from Fig. 4, but where there shown front view, the first roof slope 62 Drawing plane is tilted down by the angle δ, so that the main cutting edge 50 is flatter in the view according to FIG. 4 than their inclination within the radial plane 52 to the cutting direction 54 corresponds.

4a therefore shows the upper part of the chopping knife 21 according to FIG Fig. 4 in a tilted by δ in the plane of the drawing View, so that in the representation of Fig. 4a, the first Roof slope 62 lies exactly in the drawing plane. This fact is illustrated in Fig. 3 by view IVa-IVa.

The acute angle α can thus be seen from FIG. 4a, below the main cutting edge opposite the perpendicular 55 to the cutting direction 54 is employed prematurely. The angle α lies between 10 ° and 40 °, preferably between 30 ° and 35 °.

From Fig. 4a it can also be seen that the minor cutting edge 51 by an acute angle β with respect to the vertical 55 Cutting direction 54 is set in advance. The angle is in Fig. 4a designated β 'because in Fig. 4a the second Roof slope 63 is in turn tilted to the plane of the drawing, so that the angle β 'does not match the true angle β. Of the According to the invention, angle β is between 0 ° and 30 °, preferably it is between 10 ° and 20 °.

The angle γ is also shown in FIGS. 4a and 6, which enclose the roof slopes 62, 63 with each other. Since the Representations of Figures 4a and 6 not in the direction of the third Edge 66 lie, the angles are designated with γ 'since they are not agree with the exact geometric value γ.

According to the invention, the angle γ is between 110 ° and 140 °, preferably between 125 ° and 135 °.

When using the chopping knife 21 on the chipper tool 10 the main cutting edge 50 and the secondary cutting edge 51 in the illustration 4a in the cutting direction 54 up through the wood emotional. The direction of advance of the wood runs in Direction of arrow 12 from right to left.

The fibers of the wood become due to the leading employment the main cutting edge 50 is gripped in an oblique section and by severed left to right.

The left-hand side of the main cutting edge 50 in FIG. 4a takes over the function of a hold-down or pressure beam. You prevented that fibers from the subsequent right part of the main cutting edge 50 are pulled out of the solid material.

The reinforcement of the left due to the construction excellent main cutting edge 50 also ensures that the chip to be removed at the right corner of the main cutting edge 50 is deflected more than on the left. Through this type of Change of direction arises a twisted around its longitudinal axis Chip that only produces small breakouts in the wood.

Claims (10)

1. A chipping tool having a conical support (40) the surface (41) of which being equipped with chopping blades (21), the chopping blades (21) being disposed on the surface (41) along a plurality of concentric spirals (20) arranged about an axis (17) of the chipping tool (10), the chopping blades (21) comprising a primary cutting edge (50) and a secondary cutting edge (51), the primary cutting edge (50) lying in a radial plane (52) with respect to the axis (17) and the secondary cutting edge (51) lying in a plane (53) being inclined to the radial plane (52), the edges (50, 51) being, further, adapted to be moved in a cutting direction (54), characterized in that the primary cutting edge (50) is set to extend in a leading direction by a first, acute angle (α) relative to a line (55) extending vertically with respect to the cutting direction (54).
2. The chipping tool of claim 1, characterized in that the first angle (α) is between 10° and 40°, preferably between 30° and 35°.
3. The chipping tool of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the secondary cutting edge (51) is set to extend in a leading direction by a second, acute angle (β) relative to the vertically extending line (55).
4. The chipping tool of claim 3, characterized in that the second angle (β) is between 0° and 30°, preferably between 10° and 20°.
5. The chipping tool of any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the primary cutting edge (50) constitutes an edge of a first inclined top surface (62) of the chopping blade (21), the first inclined top surface (62) lying in the radial plane (52).
6. The chipping tool of any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the secondary cutting edge (51) constitutes an edge of a second inclined top surface (63) of the chopping blade (21), the second inclined top surface (63) lying in the inclined plane (53).
7. The chipping tool of claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the chopping blades (21) comprise a flange (45), the top inclined surfaces (62, 63) being designed integrally with the flange (45).
8. The chipping tool of claim 7, characterized in that the top inclined surfaces (62, 63) are designed to be integral with a protrusion (67) of the flange (45).
9. The chipping tool of any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the radial plane (52) and the inclined plane (53) enclose between each other a third angle (γ) being between 110° and 140°, preferably between 125° and 135°.
10. The chipping tool of any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the chopping blades (21) are disposed on inclined mounting surfaces (43) on the support (40), the mounting surfaces (43) being set to extend in a leading direction by a fourth, inclined angle (δ) relative to the radial plane (52), the third angle (δ) being between 30° and 50°, preferably between 35° and 45°.

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