EP0698304A1 - Antenne de groupe et procede pour la determination, par mesure et par le calcul, des valeurs d'impedance a inserer dans l'antenne - Google Patents

Antenne de groupe et procede pour la determination, par mesure et par le calcul, des valeurs d'impedance a inserer dans l'antenne

Info

Publication number
EP0698304A1
EP0698304A1 EP95910427A EP95910427A EP0698304A1 EP 0698304 A1 EP0698304 A1 EP 0698304A1 EP 95910427 A EP95910427 A EP 95910427A EP 95910427 A EP95910427 A EP 95910427A EP 0698304 A1 EP0698304 A1 EP 0698304A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gates
antenna
network
impedances
group antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95910427A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0698304B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Lindenmeier
Jochen Hopf
Leopold Reiter
Rainer Kronberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0698304A1 publication Critical patent/EP0698304A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0698304B1 publication Critical patent/EP0698304B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens

Definitions

  • the large number of antennas used on vehicles is derived from classic antenna technology.
  • the main model for this is the vertical monopoly on a horizontal base.
  • the lm-long radio antenna is also aimed at a horizontal diagram with circular characteristics.
  • An azimuth circular diagram is also expected from vertical rod radiators for modern telephone radio systems.
  • the vehicle represents a body which is rotationally asymmetrical with respect to the antenna and which, when used as the base of an antenna, causes strong azimuthal indentations.
  • half-wave radiators are preferably used, which are excited at the end of relatively long vertical rods on the vehicle via insulating members or feed lines.
  • antennas or antenna structures this results in an extremely strong coupling of radiation with the electrically conductive vehicle body or conductive vehicle parts in such a way that the resulting influencing of the radiation properties does not permit a targeted configuration of the antenna properties. It is therefore essential to think of the vehicle body as part of the antenna arrangement, and thus to take into account the fact that it has a decisive influence on the antenna properties with its specific shape. For all antennas integrated in the vehicle or It is therefore imperative for antenna structures to achieve optimal radiation properties that the specific vehicle shape be included in the antenna design process.
  • Antennas integrated in the vehicle with strong coupling to the vehicle body are, for example, electrically short radiators which are mounted directly on the vehicle body, often on the rear window.
  • All windshield and rear window antennas which are printed as inserted wires or on the glass, have this strong electromagnetic coupling to the vehicle body.
  • the design of such antennas is based on a large number of patent applications and patents, e.g. B. from P 36 197 04, P 39 14 424 known. Due to their complex shape, these antennas often consist of a large number of conductors or conductor sections, all of which contribute to the total radiation.
  • the wiring of a heating field on the rear window with reactors also changes the radiation properties of the heating field designed as an antenna. This is described in P 36 18 452.
  • the distribution of the antenna currents on the antenna conductors and the radiation-coupled car body is essential for the design of the radiation properties of such antennas.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a group antenna according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for determining the impedances to be inserted into them so that the desired directional diagram can be set as optimally as possible despite the radiation coupling with elements which disrupt the desired directional diagram.
  • Fig. 1 Vehicle-integrated antenna group with short rod antennas with a measuring arrangement for determining the interaction parameters (wave parameters) between the gates T1 and T (M + 1) of the far field receiving antenna as a function of the azimuth angle Phi of the vehicle on a rotating stand
  • Fig. 2 Measuring arrangement for determining the interaction parameters (wave parameters) between the gates T1 and T2 with the aid of a network analyzer (S-parameter measuring station) - all other gates T3 to T9 are completed with the correct wave resistance
  • Example of a radio antenna with a network-shaped electrical counterweight which, in order to design the directional effect, is to be connected via the gates T1 to T5 to reactive resistances to be determined with capacitively loaded antenna structures 19
  • Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of the radiator network 18 consisting of 1 to N gates fed with the aid of a feed network 17, with N + 1 to M gates connected with passive elements 20 and the gate M + 1 for the measuring antenna located in the far field, the low-loss feed network 17 is connected with its gates 1 to N to the corresponding gates of the radiator network IS and the gate N + 1 of the feed network 17 forms the antenna connection point of the antenna group
  • radiators A similar arrangement of radiators is e.g. shown in Fig. 5.
  • the feed network 17 at the gates 71 and 72 for a radio antenna according to amplitude and phase the high-frequency power is to be fed.
  • the azimuthal diagram is to be optimized.
  • the measures taken according to the invention do not prevent the inherently undesirable radiation of the vehicle body excited by radiation coupling.
  • a wave field is superimposed by the plurality of radiators, which in total results in radiation properties according to the object of the invention.
  • the antenna group is formed by dividing an antenna structure and by describing the subdivision points as gates.
  • connection points for reactance resistors for antennas as specified in P 36 18 452 can thus also be described as such gates of an antenna group.
  • the connection points in the base point can each be understood as a gate.
  • additional gates can be incorporated in the structure of such spotlights. Depending on the wiring of these gates with reactors or depending on the supply of these gates
  • the amplitude and phase are different current distributions and thus different radiation properties.
  • a horizontal diagram with radiation that is as uniform as possible in all azimuthal spatial directions is sought as the radiation characteristic for motor vehicle radio antennas.
  • this is only achieved approximately by means of rotationally symmetrical antenna elements in the middle of the roof.
  • the radiation coupling with the vehicle body results in undesirable and sometimes intolerable deformations of the horizontal diagram, which are in particular radiation compensations which cause strong indentations in the horizontal diagram.
  • the radiation in the solid angle range towards the front is reduced inadmissibly.
  • the diagram becomes distinct.
  • FIG. 2 shows an antenna in the rear window of a vehicle with connecting gates 71 to 79.
  • Some of these gates 72, 73, 76 and 77) are either formed between busbars 9a to 9d of the heating conductor and ground 10.
  • Other gates 74, 75, TS and 79
  • Each gate has with regard to the radiation characteristics, a directional diagram which depends on the wiring of all other gates. Should z. B.
  • different directional diagrams can be achieved by different wiring of the gates 2 to 9, as is desirable for a diversity effect in the case of reception, the necessary different wiring for the gates 2 to 9 can be taken into account using the method according to the invention the vehicle body are determined and designed.
  • the diversity effect is e.g. B. achieved in that the gates 2 to 9 are connected with different combinations of blind elements in the event of insufficient reception. It is particularly important for this application to intensify the horizontal radiation and to keep the radiation correspondingly small at higher elevation angles.
  • Azimuthal bundling is advantageous if the entire azimuth can be covered using the different wiring combinations.
  • the gates T1 and T2 are connected to the network analyzer 2 by way of example for the measurement of the complex wave parameter S 12 , the remaining gates being connected to the wave resistance 7 as the reference resistance of the network analyzer 2 with the correct impedance.
  • the remaining gates being connected to the wave resistance 7 as the reference resistance of the network analyzer 2 with the correct impedance.
  • several antenna connections can be formed for antenna diversity and an additional variety of antenna directional characteristics can be made available for the diversity system by additional value combinations at the remaining gates.
  • a further advantageous application of the method according to the invention is the formation of gates for designing the current distribution by means of a reticulated electrical counterweight 12.
  • a reticulated electrical counterweight 12 This is shown, for example, in FIG. 3, where the reticulated electrical counterweight 12 to the radiator 6 by means of gates 71 to 75 by means of reactance wiring can be connected so that the heating conductor 14 can be included in the best possible way to support the radiation properties of the electrically short radiators or radiator group.
  • S parameters interaction parameters
  • thin electrical lines can be laid along the radial network beams which are connected to the mass 10.
  • capacitively loaded antenna structures 19 are connected via gates 71 to 75 to the network edge via suitable blind elements such that the capacitively loaded antenna structures 19 can be included in the best possible way to support the radiation properties of the electrically short radiators 6 or the radiator group.
  • FIG. 6 shows the basic circuit diagram of an antenna designed according to the method according to the invention, which is formed by the radiator network IS in connection with the feed network 17.
  • the radiator network 18 with its gates 1 to N is fed by the corresponding gates 1 to N of the feed network 17.
  • the gates N + 1 to M of the radiator network IS are terminated with suitable bipoles, the terminations being described by the complex reflection factors T N + 1 to T M , based on the characteristic impedance 7 of the measuring system.
  • the antenna in the far field as the receiving antenna, which for the sake of simplicity is terminated with the wave resistor 7, so that the passive feed network 17 at the antenna connection point at gate N + 1 absorbs the transmission power and that Feed network 17 distributes this power appropriately to gates 1 to N.
  • the radiator network IS is shown symbolically in FIG. 5 by a border.
  • the network and the terminating impedances 20 are optimally designed arithmetically with regard to the power and their directional dependence in the receiving antenna. The procedure is explained below:
  • directional diagrams can be designed by setting favorable amplitude and phase values for the excitation of the antenna elements in group antennas.
  • the task of designing favorable amplitude and phase values has often been carried out by experts by specifying an initial setting of these values, which have been successively changed step by step with the help of measurements of the directional diagrams in the sense of developing the desired directional diagram.
  • the antenna according to the invention can advantageously be designed according to the combined measuring and computing method described below in order to achieve the object of the invention with favorable amplitude and phase values for the excitation of the antenna elements. This is done in three steps:
  • connection point of an antenna element 6 according to FIG. 5 the principle of which is shown in general form in FIG. 6 and which is to be connected to the feed network 17 at selected locations, is considered to be a connection gate T1, as suggested by the teaching of linear multi-gates and if one also designates a connection point of a further antenna element 6 with the gate T2, the electrical behavior of the unconnected and not connected to the feed network 17 antenna elements 6 can be described by a total of N connection points using an N ⁇ N multi-port matrix.
  • the group antenna according to FIG. 5 can also contain antenna elements 6 with a connection point which is only loaded with a two-pole connection and which is not connected to the feed network 17. If such a selected connection point is also referred to as a connection gate (see FIG.
  • the multi-gate matrix can be expanded to M ⁇ M gates with M> N and M, N as an integer.
  • connection gates which are connected to the feed network 17, should have the integer numbers 1. . . N is the two-pole gates with integers (N + 1). . . M.
  • the antenna connection point of a measuring antenna mounted far from the vehicle is generally referred to as gate M + 1.
  • the vehicle can be placed on a turntable, for example.
  • the form of the wave parameter matrix is chosen to explain the procedure. With the help of a network technikalysators the complex wave parameters S 1 1 , S 1 2 ,. , , , S NN regarding the
  • Connection gates of the antenna elements attached to the inclined window pane according to FIG. 5 are determined by measurement.
  • the wave parameters S ik are measured as the ratio of the wave B k (returning waves) running away from the connecting gate k terminated with the wave resistance 7 as the reference resistance of the wave parameters to the wave running to the connecting gate i.
  • the matrix elements are measured with an arrangement such as that shown in FIG. 2. If a wave is impressed at gate 1, z. B. at gate 2 an outgoing wave that is measured in the network analyzer 2 at port P2.
  • the network analyzer allows the 5 parameters between the two gates T1 and T2 to be measured directly and calibrated as data in a connected computer by calibrating the supply lines 5. In this way, the interaction of all gates to one another can be determined one after the other if all gates not connected to the network analyzer are wired with the correct wave resistance. This enables all interaction parameters of all gates 1 to M to be determined.
  • a measuring arrangement as in Fig. 1 is proposed.
  • the network analyzer with its transmission port P1 is connected, for example, to a transmission antenna located in the far field, which irradiates the vehicle with the polarization direction to be considered at a specific azimuth angle.
  • the reception port P2 of the network analyzer is now connected in sequence to all gates of the antenna structure to be examined on the vehicle and the complex interaction parameters are measured as the ratio of the wave received at the reception port to the wave emitted by the transmitting antenna and the parameter S i (M + 1) read into the computer memory.
  • all of the other gates of the antenna structure on the vehicle, which have not been considered are closed with the correct wave resistance.
  • the vehicle is expediently rotated at a rotational position in azimuth and the azimuth angles are read step by step into the computer with the aid of an electrical angle sensor and assigned to the corresponding S-parameter measured values.
  • S (M + 1) 1 for each azimuth angle phi. , , S (M +1) M. which completes the matrix (S) in Equation 1.
  • the parameter S (M + 1) (M + 1) only represents the adaptation factor of the transmitting antenna and can be set to zero in the following considerations. It is also assumed that the antenna in the far field is terminated with the correct wave resistance.
  • the power supplied to all fed gates of the radiator network is referred to as P Ant .
  • the directional diagram and the radiation intensity are representative depending on the azimuth angle by the following gain function
  • the main matrix (5) can be divided into four sub-matrices.
  • Matrix (S I ) describes the interaction between gates 1 to N in the form of complex scattering parameters.
  • the aim of the method is to produce desired directivity properties with respect to the radiation density at a certain distance in the far field when a certain power is fed in via all the gates to be connected to the feed network, as a result of which the radiation density at the receiving location is usually to be maximized under certain conditions.
  • the matrix in equation 1 now allows A 1 to be fed in when known predefined incoming waves are fed in. , , A M to determine all the waves B 1 to B M returning at these gates. By terminating the receiving antenna in the far field in accordance with the wave resistance, the wave approaching its gate M + 1 is forced to zero.
  • the wave B M + 1 emerging from this gate can thus be expressed with the aid of this system of equations depending on the waves Ai to AM, which are initially unknown.
  • the total matrix (S) is divided into four sub-matrixes, which are designated (S I ), (S II ), (S III ) and (S IV ).
  • a 1 . , , A N describe the waves at the gates to be connected to the feed network and A N + 1 . , , A M describe the waves on the gates to be connected with blind elements.
  • a corresponding subdivision is expedient for the column vectors of the returning waves B 1 to B M + 1 :
  • the vectors of the waves B can now be determined from the incoming waves A of the gates connected to the network:
  • Network-connected gates can be determined:
  • the sum of the powers supplied is thus calculated from waves A 1 to A N and B 1 to B N.
  • the returning waves B are fixed at the fed gates 1 to N.
  • the complex ratios A 1 / B 1 to A N / B N allow the calculation of impedances that the feed network 17 sees at its gates T1 to TN, implemented by the radiator network 18 (see FIG. 6). If the feed network 17 is designed, for example, as a network branching in parallel at a node at the antenna connection point at the gate N + 1, see above can be ensured by means of appropriately dimensioned transformative and delayed elements between the node and the respective gates that when loading the gates with the impedances corresponding to the reflection factors, the waves A 1 to A N and B 1 to B N according to amount and phase by variation calculation correspond to the values determined under point 2.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne de groupe pour liaisons radio avec des radiolocalisations terrestres, comprenant au moins deux émetteurs individuels qui sont montés sur la face externe de la carrosserie d'un véhicule à moteur, et dont l'un au moins est un émetteur primaire, avec un réseau d'alimentation reliant le/ou les émetteur(s) primaire(s) à un point de connexion d'antenne. Pour obtenir le diagramme directionnel désiré, des impédances sont insérées dans les émetteurs, en des points choisis de ceux-ci, et/ou en des points de connexion de l'émetteur ou des émetteurs primaires avec le réseau d'alimentation et/ou en des points choisis de ce réseau.
EP95910427A 1994-03-15 1995-03-01 Antenne de groupe et procede pour la determination, par mesure et par le calcul, des valeurs d'impedance a inserer dans l'antenne Expired - Lifetime EP0698304B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4408744A DE4408744A1 (de) 1994-03-15 1994-03-15 Gruppenantenne und Verfahren zur meßtechnischen und rechnerischen Ermittlung der Werte von in die Antenne einzufügenden Impedanzen
DE4408744 1994-03-15
PCT/DE1995/000263 WO1995025358A1 (fr) 1994-03-15 1995-03-01 Antenne de groupe et procede pour la determination, par mesure et par le calcul, des valeurs d'impedance a inserer dans l'antenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0698304A1 true EP0698304A1 (fr) 1996-02-28
EP0698304B1 EP0698304B1 (fr) 2001-04-18

Family

ID=6512836

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95910427A Expired - Lifetime EP0698304B1 (fr) 1994-03-15 1995-03-01 Antenne de groupe et procede pour la determination, par mesure et par le calcul, des valeurs d'impedance a inserer dans l'antenne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0698304B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4408744A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2156936T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995025358A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7193572B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2007-03-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Roof antenna for motor vehicles

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19916855A1 (de) 1999-04-14 2000-10-26 Heinz Lindenmeier Funktelefonanlage mit Gruppenantenne für Fahrzeuge
DE102005033088A1 (de) * 2005-07-15 2007-01-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antennenanordnung
DE102007056911A1 (de) 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anordnung und Verfahren , insbesondere für eine Kraftfahrzeug-Scheibenantenne zur Beeinflussung der Richtwirkung

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4034548C2 (de) * 1989-05-01 2003-05-15 Heinz Lindenmeier Kraftfahrzeugscheibenantenne für Frequenzen oberhalb des Hochfrequenzbereichs
JPH04249407A (ja) * 1991-02-05 1992-09-04 Harada Ind Co Ltd 自動車用ガラスアンテナ
DE4318869C2 (de) * 1993-06-07 1997-01-16 Lindenmeier Heinz Funkantennen-Anordnung auf der Fensterscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Verfahren zur Ermittlung ihrer Beschaltung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9525358A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7193572B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2007-03-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Roof antenna for motor vehicles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4408744A1 (de) 1995-09-21
DE59509201D1 (de) 2001-05-23
WO1995025358A1 (fr) 1995-09-21
ES2156936T3 (es) 2001-08-01
EP0698304B1 (fr) 2001-04-18

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