EP0697282B1 - Procédé pour la fabrication d'une plaque d'impression par jet d'encre - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication d'une plaque d'impression par jet d'encre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0697282B1
EP0697282B1 EP19950201286 EP95201286A EP0697282B1 EP 0697282 B1 EP0697282 B1 EP 0697282B1 EP 19950201286 EP19950201286 EP 19950201286 EP 95201286 A EP95201286 A EP 95201286A EP 0697282 B1 EP0697282 B1 EP 0697282B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
droplets
process according
reducing agent
receiving material
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EP19950201286
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0697282A1 (fr
Inventor
Luc Leenders
Leo Oelbrandt
Jan Van Den Bogaert
Guido Desie
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/494—Silver salt compositions other than silver halide emulsions; Photothermographic systems ; Thermographic systems using noble metal compounds
    • G03C1/498—Photothermographic systems, e.g. dry silver
    • G03C1/4989—Photothermographic systems, e.g. dry silver characterised by a thermal imaging step, with or without exposure to light, e.g. with a thermal head, using a laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/1066—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by spraying with powders, by using a nozzle, e.g. an ink jet system, by fusing a previously coated powder, e.g. with a laser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of a lithographic printing plate by ink jet onto an image-receiving element containing a catalyst for image formation.
  • printing proceeds with an oleophilic ink using a printing form having a surface containing oleophilic ink-accepting image areas surrounded by an ink-repellant water-accepting background.
  • a support that has affinity to water or obtains such affinity by chemical treatment is coated with a thin layer of a photosensitive composition which shows or obtains affinity in the imaged areas for oily or greasy inks.
  • Negative-working printing plates are obtained when the plates become ink receptive in the photo-exposed areas, and positive-working plates are obtained when the plates become ink-receptive in the non-exposed areas.
  • presensitized plates are combined with a silver halide emulsion film intermediate that serves to form a mask in the exposure of the presensitised plate.
  • a common presensitized plate contains e.g. an ultraviolet (UV) sensitive diazo compound in an alkali-soluble oleophilic binder layer on a hydrophilic support.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • DTR-process The principles of the silver complex diffusion transfer reversal process, hereinafter called DTR-process have been described e.g. in US-P-2,352,014 and in the book “Photographic Silver Halide Diffusion Processes” by André Rott and Edith Weyde - The Focal Press - London and New York, (1972).
  • non-developed silver halide of an informationwise exposed photographic silver halide emulsion layer material is transformed with a so-called silver halide solvent into soluble silver complex compounds that diffuse into an image receiving element and are reduced therein with a developing agent in the presence of physical development nuclei catalyzing the formation of a silver image having reversed image density values with respect to the silver image obtained in the exposed areas of said emulsion layer.
  • a photographic silver halide emulsion layer integral with an image receiving layer in waterpermeable relationship therewith is used.
  • the support of such an assembly may be a paper based product, a suitably hydrophilized resin sheet or web, e.g. a resin sheet coated with a thin aluminium layer, or a hydrophilic aluminium plate.
  • the exposure of such plates may proceed from a computer stored electronic file the electronic signals of which are used to informationwise modulate a laser beam or the light of a light-emitting diode array.
  • a hydrophilic support mostly anodized aluminium, is coated in the order given with (1) physical development nuclei and (2) a silver halide emulsion layer. After informationwise photo-exposure and development, the imaged element is washed with water to remove the emulsion layer so that a support carrying a silver image is left.
  • the silver image carried by the hydrophilic support is treated with a finishing liquid, also called fixer, that contains a hydrophobizing agent for improving the hydrophobicity of the silver image.
  • a finishing liquid also called fixer
  • the removal of the developed silver halide emulsion layer and optionally also of the hydrophilic colloid binder of the layer containing physical development nuclei is necessary to uncover the physically developed silver image on the printing plate substrate and proceeds e.g. by peeling off or by wash-off using a spray or jet of water.
  • WO 93/11468 discloses a method for obtaining a lithographic printing plate comprising the steps of:
  • ink jet printing has become one of the widely used non impact printing techniques.
  • ink jet printers may offer several advantages.
  • One advantage is that such process is environmentally friendly since there is no use of potentially polluting chemical processing preparations and solvents applied in bulk from processing baths.
  • EP-A 641 670 which constitutes prior art according to Article 54(3)(4) EPC for all designated contracting states, discloses an ink jet printing method which comprises the steps of: (1) image-wise projecting by means of an ink jet a liquid, called ink, in the form of droplets onto a receiving material containing at least one reagent A that with at least one reagent B contained in the ink droplets is capable of forming by color reaction a colored product, and (2) optionally uniformly heating said receiving material and/or uniformly exposing it to chemically active electromagnetic radiation during and/or after deposition of said ink on said receiving material to start or enhance said color reaction, characterized in that onto said receiving material containing said at least one reagent A, either inks of different concentrations of said at least one reagent B are deposited image-wise from separate ink jets, or inks containing reagent A or B are deposited image-wise from separated ink jets, at least one of said inks being deposited from different jets at different concentrations.
  • a process for the manufacture of a lithographic printing plate comprising the steps of :
  • step "bringing into working relationship” is meant that when the droplets touch the image receiving material the ingredients (A), (B) and (C) are brought together so as to form a silver image by physical development.
  • a silver image is formed by means of dissolved silver ions that become reduced by a reducing agent in an oxidation-reduction reaction through catalytic action of physical development nuclei.
  • the physical development nuclei are preferably present on the receiving material before projecting thereon the droplets whereas either at least one member of silver compound (A) and reducing agent (B) is present in said droplets and the remaining member (if any) is present in said receiving material or both members (A) and (B) are present in said receiving material and alkali is present in said droplets.
  • the silver image formation preferably occurs in the presence of alkali. Further the reduction of the silver compound on the receiving material is speeded up optionally by heat applied to the image receiving material during and/or after deposition thereon of the droplets.
  • the physical development nuclei may be present uniformly or in a patterned structure, the latter being interesting e.g. in the printing of identification documents.
  • a water-based ink in which a reducible inorganic or organic silver compound is dissolved is applied from ink-jet nozzles.
  • a water-based ink in which a reducing agent is dissolved is applied from ink-jet nozzles.
  • a reducible silver compound and a reducing agent therefor are applied image-wise from distinct water-based inks to the receiving material from separate nozzles projecting the droplets in substantial congruency onto the receiving material.
  • the ink is a waterbased stabilized physical developer containing a dissolved reducing agent in the presence of a silver salt the silver ions of which have been shielded from spontaneous nucleation (i.e. reduction) by reversing their surface charge with a cationic surfactant [ref. the book "Imaging Systems” by Kurt I. Jacobson - Ralph E. Jacobson - The Focal Press - London and New York (1976), p. 113].
  • a composition of an aqueous stabilized physical developer containing ferrous ammonium sulphate as reducing agent for silver nitrate and having a pH of approximately 1.30 has been disclosed (see Table 5.2, page 113).
  • the carrier liquid of the ink is water or a mixture of water with (a) water-miscible organic solvent(s), e.g. acetone, containing the silver compounds in sufficiently divided state in order not to cause clogging of the nozzles of the ink jet apparatus.
  • watersoluble inorganic silver salts are e.g. silver nitrate and complex salts of silver with ammonia, amines or thiosulfate or rhodanide (thiocyanate) ions.
  • Useful watersoluble organic silver compounds for application according to the present invention are silver acetate, silver lactate, silver salicylate and silver di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulphosuccinate; the preparation of the lastmentioned compound has been described in published European patent application 227 141.
  • the concentration of the silver compound in the ink droplets is preferably in the range of 0.1 mole/l to 6 mole/l.
  • Low molecular weight silver compounds of high solubility in droplets thus permitting highly concentrated silver ion concentration like silver nitrate are preferred because they lead to high surface area concentration of silver metal formation per droplet.
  • a certain alkalinity is in favour of a rapid reduction of the silver ions.
  • the pH of an ink containing the reducible silver compound in the absence of reducing agent is preferably in the range of 7.5 to 11. Where corrosion of the ink jet nozzles may form a problem the pH of the ink is preferably not higher than 8.
  • the ink contains alkali-precursors that will set free an alkaline substance at elevated temperature, and/or alkaline substances are applied in the receiving material.
  • the ink inherently has already an optical density by containing e.g. a black colorant or infra-red light absorbing substance or other colorant(s).
  • the optical density of the deposited colorant(s) is added to the optical density of the metal obtained by reduction such being in favour of the recognition of tiny halftone dots on the printing plate.
  • the optical density provided by the deposited colorant(s) is already in the range of 0.8 to 1.5.
  • humectants such as glycols may be added to reduce the evaporation rate of the ink.
  • the ink contains some salt in order to obtain a required electrical conductivity and chargeability for electrostatic deflection of the ink droplets.
  • a watersoluble reducible silver salt as defined above, e.g. silver salt complex compound, will serve said purpose for increasing the electrical conductivity of the ink.
  • Water-based inks for use according to the present invention may contain a water-miscible solvent such as acetone, ethanol and methanol.
  • a water-miscible solvent such as acetone, ethanol and methanol.
  • Inks containing a major amount of watermiscible organic solvent(s) and that are particularly suited for use in thermal ink jet printers (a type of drop-on-demand ink jet printers) are described in detail in published European patent application 0 413 442.
  • the solvents used have boiling points from about 50 °C to about 200 °C and are e.g. members of the following group : alkyl glycol ethers, wherein the alkyl group has up to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl pyrrolidinones, ketones and lactones.
  • the ink may be free of water and contain solely organic solvent(s), preferably watermiscible polar solvents, e.g. acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, serving as solvent for the ingredients of the ink.
  • organic solvent(s) preferably watermiscible polar solvents, e.g. acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, serving as solvent for the ingredients of the ink.
  • the physical development nuclei used according to the present invention are preferably of the type known in silver complex diffusion transfer reversal (DTR) image receiving materials, also called “positive materials”, wherein transferred silver complex compounds stemming from an image-wise exposed and developed silver halide emulsion material are reduced to silver metal [ref. Photographic Silver Halide Diffusion Processes" by André Rott and Edith Weyde - The Focal Press London and New York (1972), p. 54-57].
  • DTR silver complex diffusion transfer reversal
  • the physical development nuclei may be applied by common coating techniques using a liquid carrier vehicle, by spraying and even vapour deposition under vacuum conditions, e.g. by sputtering.
  • Preferred nuclei are colloidal noble metal particles, e.g. silver particles and colloidal heavy metal sulfide particles such as colloidal palladium sulfide, nickel sulfide and mixed silver-nickel sulfide. These nuclei may be present with or without waterpermeable binding agent on a very broad variety of supports having a hydrophilic surface. When used without waterpermeable binding agent they are applied preferably in the pores of a support, e.g. in the micro-pores of grained and anodized (eloxated) aluminium.
  • the incorporation of the development nuclei into that eloxated layer is done e.g. by immersing the eloxated aluminium foil or plate in an aqueous colloidal dispersion of development nuclei, e.g. colloidal silver or silver sulphide of nanometer size, that enters the pores of the eloxated layer and remain therein adhering on drying.
  • an aqueous colloidal dispersion of development nuclei e.g. colloidal silver or silver sulphide of nanometer size
  • they may be formed in situ with reactants contained in the ink and/or receiving material.
  • said nuclei may be formed in situ in the pores or micro-cavities at the surface of the printing plate by coating said plate or immersing it into a solution of a heavy metal salt, e.g. lead acetate, and thereupon coating the plate with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal thiocyanate and a soluble sulfide, e.g. sodium sulfide (ref. US-P 3,278,958 and GB-P 884,457).
  • a heavy metal salt e.g. lead acetate
  • the receiving layer may contain the physical development nuclei in operative contact with physical development accelerators, examples of which are thioether compounds described e.g. in published German patent application (DE-OS) 1,124,354, US-P 4,013,471; 4,072,526 and published European patent allication (EP-A) 0,026,520.
  • physical development accelerators examples of which are thioether compounds described e.g. in published German patent application (DE-OS) 1,124,354, US-P 4,013,471; 4,072,526 and published European patent allication (EP-A) 0,026,520.
  • the development nuclei and reducing agent(s) are present in the same layer or in different layers but in ink-permeable relationship with each other.
  • a receiving layer for use according to the hereinbefore described embodiment (i) may contain an oxidation inhibiting compound preventing premature oxidation of the uniformly present reducing agent(s).
  • an oxidation inhibiting compound preventing premature oxidation of the uniformly present reducing agent(s).
  • sulfite compounds that may raise at the same time the alkalinity.
  • the oxidation inhibitors described in GB-P 1,182,198 e.g. the ammonium salt of a hydroxyl-substituted polybasic aliphatic acid such as tartaric acid and citric acid and saccharides.
  • the development nuclei and reducible silver compound(s) are present in the same layer or in different layers but in ink-permeable relationship with each other, so that the silver ions can reach by diffusion the colloidal non-migratory development nuclei that in said embodiment are present in an outermost layer.
  • a silver complexing compound such as thiosulphate
  • the silver compound present in the receiving material is e.g. a silver halide, applied as a dispersion, also called emulsion, in a hydrophilic colloid binder layer.
  • a silver halide applied as a dispersion, also called emulsion, in a hydrophilic colloid binder layer.
  • the light-sensitivity of said silver halide does not matter, but preferably for rapid dissolution of the silver halide by thiosulfate ions as silver solvent, a fine grain silver chloride emulsion is used as a silver source.
  • Photographic materials for the preparation of printing plates that may be used as receiving materials in the embodiment (ii) of the process of the present invention are described e.g.
  • the development nuclei wherein an alkaline substance is applied by ink jet the development nuclei, the reducing agent and reducible silver compound(s), optionally in the presence of a silver complexing compound such as thiosulphate, are present in different layers but in ink-permeable relationship with each other, so that the silver ions can reach by diffusion the colloidal diffusion-resistant development nuclei that in such embodiment are present in an outermost layer.
  • a silver complexing compound such as thiosulphate
  • a photographic material that may serve in the embodiment (iii) for the production of a lithographic printing form by ink jet is shown in Fig. 4.26 on page 123 of the already mentioned book "Photographic Silver Halide Diffusion Processes" by André Rott and Edith Weyde and defined therein as a RAPILITH (tradename of Agfa-Gevaert N.V.) monosheet material for the production of lithographic plates suited for offset printing.
  • RAPILITH tradename of Agfa-Gevaert N.V.
  • Said RAPILITH (tradename) monosheet material comprises a paper support coated in successive order with (A) a silver halide emulsion containing developing agents, (B) a hardened hydrophilic colloid, (e.g. a still waterpermeable hardened gelatin layer) and (C) an outermost layer containing physical development nuclei.
  • a silver halide emulsion containing developing agents e.g. a still waterpermeable hardened gelatin layer
  • C an outermost layer containing physical development nuclei.
  • Such monosheet material and the hydrophobization of the silver image obtained thereon is described in more details in US-P 3,676,125. which document also contains information about the composition of suitable alkaline liquids that can be used as ink in embodiment (iii) of the process according to the present invention. Further US-P 3,676,125 contains a description of a "fixer" for hydrophobizing the obtained silver image in the physical development nuclei-containing top coat of the image-recei
  • the coverage of development nuclei in and/or on top of the receiving material may vary widely according to the type of nuclei, but is situated e.g. in the range of 0.01 mg to 100 mg per m 2 .
  • alkaline substances used in the ink of embodiment (iii) have not necessarily to be of inorganic nature. Good results may be obtained with organic alkaline substances such as alkanolamines described e.g. in US-P 5,162,192.
  • the reducing agent(s) applied in the ink or ink-receiving material may be any kind of developing agent used in silver halide photography and more particularly in silver complex diffusion transfer reversal (DTR-) processing.
  • a mixture of synergistically active reducing agents is used.
  • main reducing agent a polyhydroxy-benzene type reducing agent, e.g. hydroquinone-type reducing agent, is combined with a secondary developing agent of the class of 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone compounds and/or N-methyl-aminophenol compounds.
  • a synergistic mixture of developing agents as described in GB-P 989,383, 1,003,783 or 1,191,535 is used.
  • the ink and/or ink receiving layer may contain a reducing agent that is poorly active at normal temperature but becomes more active at elevated temperature.
  • particularly weak reducing agents are sterically hindered phenols as described e.g. in US-P 4,001,026 or leuco dyes that on oxidation form a dye, e.g. an indoaniline or azomethine dye.
  • the ratio by weight of binder to reducing agent(s) is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 6, and the thickness of the ink receiving layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the ink image receiving material may contain an alkaline substance or substances by means of which in situ, e.g with one or more substances contained in the ink, hydroxyl ions (HO - ) can be formed.
  • Suitable "in situ" alkali-generating compounds are described in US-P 3,260,598, in published EP-A 0210659, and US-P 5,200,295.
  • zinc hydroxide is contained in the recording material and ethylenedinitrilo tetraacetate (EDTA) or a picolinate is contained in the ink.
  • Sodium hydroxide as strong base will be formed in situ at the place of ink deposit when the reducing agent is hydroquinone forming by oxidation a quinone reacting with water of the ink and sodium sulfite contained in the ink-receiving layer to raise the alkalinity and development rate in the area of silver deposit [ref. "A Textbook of Photographic Chemistry” by D.H.O. John and G.T.J. Field - Chapman and Hall LtD Londo (1963), p.75]. Further is mentioned the formation of sodium hydroxide in situ by reaction of an aldehyde such as formaldehyde or ketone, e.g. as acetone, with sodium sulfite (see the same Textbook p. 78).
  • an aldehyde such as formaldehyde or ketone, e.g. as acetone
  • the recording material contains for application in the hereinbefore described embodiment (i) together with the necessary reducing agent(s) a thermosensitive base releasing agent (alkali-precursor) that after image-wise ink deposition and by overall heating of the recording material will set free an alkaline substance, e.g. an amine. Heating may proceed by contact with hot bodies, micro-waves produced by magnetron or by infrared light absorbed in the silver image areas.
  • a thermosensitive base releasing agent alkali-precursor
  • Thermosensitive base-releasing agents are e.g. guanidine-trichloro-acetate described e.g. in GB-P 998,949.
  • the thermosensitive base-releasing agents may be incorporated in a water-permeable layer being in contact with the water-permeable imaging layer containing the reducing agent(s) and nuclei for silver image formation.
  • the viscosity of the ink will be adapted to the type of ink jet apparatus used.
  • water-soluble polymeric compounds e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone
  • a decrease of viscosity may be obtained by means of surface active agents also serving as wetting agents for the ink-receiving layer.
  • cationic surface active agents in the ink applied according to the hereinbefore mentioned embodiment (v) prevents spontaneous nucleation from taking place in the ink containing silver ions and a reducing agent.
  • the surfactant may not prevent physical development with physical development nuclei situated in the ink-receiving material.
  • step (2) of the process of the present invention the silver image must be rendered sufficiently hydrophobic in order to accept an oily or grease-type ink used in lithographic printing.
  • the silver can be rendered hydrophobic by different methods which include at least superficial oxidation, e.g. by means of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). After oxidation, the silver image can be converted by means of organic compounds containing SH, SeH, OH or NH-groups, into sparingly water-soluble compounds, e.g. silver thiolates, having a strong hydrophobic character. Said treatment may take place in the presence of a fatty acid e.g. oleic acid (ref. US-P 3,676,125). According to US-P 3,904,412 a suitable lithographic fixer, which may be used in the present invention, contains :
  • the lithographic fixer may further contain a compound improving the hydrophilic charater of the non-printing parts, phosphoric acid especially for aluminium plates and a polyol, e.g. glycerol, or polyethylene glycol for a hardened hydrophilic colloid layer containing physical development nuclei as described in US-P 3,904,412.
  • a compound improving the hydrophilic charater of the non-printing parts phosphoric acid especially for aluminium plates and a polyol, e.g. glycerol, or polyethylene glycol for a hardened hydrophilic colloid layer containing physical development nuclei as described in US-P 3,904,412.
  • the lithographic fixer may be applied by ink jet either overall or imagewise in congruency with the formed silver image e.g. at a coarser resolution.
  • the printing plate may be rubbed with a dissolved hydrophobic lacquer using a plug of wadding.
  • Suitable hydrophobic protective lacquers are described in FR-P 1,290,784.
  • hydrophilic base In the preparation of a lithographic printing form according to the present invention a hydrophilic base is used that after having been covered with the hydrophobized silver image forms the hydrophilic non-printing areas.
  • said hydrophilic base is a hydrophilic metallic sheet e.g. an aluminium support sheet.
  • Such aluminum support may be made of pure aluminum or of an aluminum alloy, the aluminum content of which is at least 95%.
  • the thickness of that support usually ranges from about 0.13 to about 0.50 mm.
  • the preparation of aluminum or aluminum alloy foils for lithographic offset printing comprises the following steps : graining, anodizing, and optionally sealing of the foil.
  • the aluminum foil has a roughness with a mean value between 0.2 and 1.5 ⁇ m, an anodization layer with a thickness between 0.4 and 2.0 ⁇ m and is sealed with an aqueous bicarbonate solution.
  • the roughening of the aluminum foil can be performed according to methods well known in the prior art for that purpose.
  • the surface of the aluminum substrate can be roughened either by mechanical, chemical or electrochemical graining or by a combination of these to obtain a satisfactory adhesiveness to physical development nuclei and deposited silver and to provide a good water retention property to the areas that will form the non-printing areas on the plate surface.
  • Electrochemical graining is preferred because it can form a uniform surface roughness having a large average surface area with a very fine and even grain which is desired when used for lithographic printing plates of high image resolution.
  • Electrochemical graining can be conducted in a hydrochloric and/or nitric acid containing electrolyte solution using an alternating or direct current.
  • aqueous solutions that can be used in the electrochemical graining are e.g. acids like HCl, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 2 , H 3 PO 4 , that if desired, contain additionally one or more corrosion inhibitors such as Al(NO 3 ) 3 , AlCl 3 , boric acid, chromic acid, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, monoamines, diamines, aldehydes, phosphates and H 2 O 2 .
  • corrosion inhibitors such as Al(NO 3 ) 3 , AlCl 3 , boric acid, chromic acid, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, monoamines, diamines, aldehydes, phosphates and H 2 O 2 .
  • Electrochemical graining can be performed using single-phase and three-phase alternating current.
  • the voltage applied to the aluminum plate is preferably 10-35 V.
  • a current density of 3-150 Amp/dm 2 is employed for 5-240 seconds.
  • the temperature of the electrolytic graining solution may vary from 5-50°C.
  • Electrochemical graining is carried out preferably with an alternating current from 10 Hz to 300 Hz.
  • the roughening is preferably preceded by a degreasing treatment mainly for removing fatty substances from the surface of the aluminum foil. Therefore the aluminum foil may be subjected to a degreasing treatment with a surfactant and/or an aqueous alkaline solution.
  • Preferably roughening is followed by a chemical etching step using an aqueous solution containing an acid.
  • the chemical etching is preferably carried out at a temperature of at least 30°C more preferably at least 40°C and most preferably at least 50°C.
  • Suitable acids for use in the aqueous etch solution are preferably inorganic acids and most preferably strong acids.
  • the total amount of acid in the aqueous etch solution is preferably at least 150 g/l.
  • the duration of chemical etching is preferably between 3 s and 5 min.
  • the aluminum foil is anodized which may be carried out as follows.
  • An electric current is passed through the grained aluminum foil immersed as an anode in a solution containing sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, chromic acid or organic acids such as sulfamic, benzosulfonic acid, etc. or mixtures thereof.
  • An electrolyte concentration from 1 to 70 % by weight can be used within a temperature range from 0-70°C.
  • the anodic current density may vary from 1-50 A/dm 2 and a voltage within the range 1-100 V to obtain an anodized film weight of 1-8 g/m 2 Al 2 O 3 .H 2 O.
  • the anodized aluminum foil may subsequently be rinsed with demineralised water within a temperature range of 10-80°C.
  • sealing may be applied to the anodic surface.
  • Sealing of the pores of the aluminum oxide layer formed by anodization is a technique known to those skilled in the art of aluminum anodization. This technique has been described in e.g. the periodical "Belgisch-Nederlands tijdschrift voor Oppervlaktetechnieken van materialen", 24ste jaargang/januari 1980, under the title "Sealing-kwaliteit en sealing-controle van geanodiseerd Aluminum". Different types of sealing of the porous anodized aluminum surface exist.
  • said sealing is performed by treating a grained and anodized aluminum support with an aqueous solution containing a bicarbonate as disclosed in EP-A 567178, which therefor is incorporated herein by reference.
  • each of the above described steps is separated by a rinsing step to avoid contamination of the liquid used in a particular step with that of the preceding step.
  • said hydrophilic base is a flexible resin base superficially hydrophilized or coated with a hydrophilic layer, e.g. a layer containing a hardened hydrophilic binder resin or polymeric colloid binder.
  • Suitable binders for the ink receiving layer(s) are hydrophilic water-soluble polymers wherein the development nuclei and reducing agent(s) can be applied uniformly from aqueous medium.
  • the hydrophilic binder of the ink receiving layer(s) may be any hydrophilic water-soluble polymeric binder used in the preparation of photographic silver halide emulsion layers.
  • protein-type binding agents such as gelatin. casein, collagen, albumin, or gelatin derivative, e.g. acetylated gelatin.
  • Other suitable water-soluble binding agents are : polyvinyl alcohol, dextran, gum arabic, zein, agar-agar, arrowroot, pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, poly(acrylic acid), and polyvinylpyrrolidone that may be used in admixture.
  • Preferred hardened hydrophilic layers comprise partially modified dextrans or pullulan hardened with an aldehyde as disclosed in e.g. EP-A 514,990 which therefor is incorporated herein by reference. More preferred hydrophilic layers are layers of polyvinyl alcohol hardened with a tetraalkyl orthosilicate and preferably containing SiO 2 and/or TiO 2 wherein the weight ratio between said polyvinylalcohol and said tetraalkyl orthosilicate is between 0.5 and 5 as disclosed in e.g. GB-P 1,419,512, FR-P 2,300,354, US-P-3,971,660, US-P 4,284,705, EP-A 405,016 and EP-A 450,199 which therefor are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a particularly suitable hydrophilic layer is a layer of polyvinyl alcohol hardened with tetramethylorthosilicate or tetraethylorthosilicate containing TiO 2 , wherein the weight ratio between said polyvinylalcohol and said tetramethylorthosilicate or tetraethylorthosilicate is between 0.8 and 2 and wherein the weight ratio between said polyvinylalcohol and said titaniumdioxide is preferably not higher than 1.
  • Such hydrophilic binders are disclosed e.g. in published EP-A 0 619 524, which therefor is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the polymers or mixtures thereof forming the binder of the ink-image receiving layer may be used in conjunction with swelling agents or "heat solvents” also called “thermal solvents” or “thermosolvents” improving the reaction speed of the redox-reaction between silver compound and organic reducing agent at elevated temperature.
  • swelling agents or "heat solvents” also called “thermal solvents” or “thermosolvents” improving the reaction speed of the redox-reaction between silver compound and organic reducing agent at elevated temperature.
  • heat solvent in this invention is meant a non-hydrolyzable organic material which is in solid state at temperatures below 50 °C but becomes on heating above that temperature a plasticizer for the binder of the layer wherein they are incorporated and possibly act then also as a solvent for the organic reducing agent.
  • Thermal solvents having a dielectric constant of at least 10 are preferred. Particularly useful are polyethylene glycols having a mean molecular weight in the range of 1,500 to 20,000 described in US-P 3,347,675. Further are mentioned compounds such as urea, methyl sulfonamide and ethylene carbonate being heat solvents described in US-P 3,667,959, and compounds such as tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, methyl anisate and 1,10-decanediol being described as heat solvents in Research Disclosure, December 1976, (item 15027) pages 26-28. Still other examples of heat solvents have been described in US-P 3,438,776, and 4,740,446, and in published EP-A 0 119 615 and 0 122 512 and DE-A 3 339 810.
  • Gelatin and such polymers that can be applied to form the ink image receiving layer from an aqueous solution may be hardened up to a certain degree wihout destroying their permeability with respect to aqueous liquids.
  • a survey of such binders is given in Research Disclosure November 1989, item 307105 in the chapter IX. "Vehicles and vehicle extenders" and for suitable hardening agents reference is made to chapter X. "Hardeners”.
  • the ink-image receiving layer(s) is (are) commonly coated from an aqueous medium containing a hydrophilic colloid binder in dissolved form but may be applied from aqueous medium containing a hydrophilic water-soluble polymer, e.g. gelatin, in admixture with a dispersed polymer (latex) that may have hydrophilic functionality.
  • a hydrophilic water-soluble polymer e.g. gelatin
  • Ink-image receiving layers may further contain antistatic agents, e.g. non-ionic antistatic agents including a fluorocarbon group as e.g. in F 3 C(CF 2 ) 6 CONH(CH 2 CH 2 O)-H, plasticizers, friction reducing compounds e.g. in the form of particles protruding from the recording layer, e.g. talc particles and polymer beads with low friction coefficient, and transparent inorganic pigments, e.g. colloidal silica.
  • antistatic agents e.g. non-ionic antistatic agents including a fluorocarbon group as e.g. in F 3 C(CF 2 ) 6 CONH(CH 2 CH 2 O)-H, plasticizers, friction reducing compounds e.g. in the form of particles protruding from the recording layer, e.g. talc particles and polymer beads with low friction coefficient, and transparent inorganic pigments, e.g. colloidal silica.
  • Supports for forming a printing plate are preferably flexible so that they can be braced on a printing cylinder.
  • the flexible supports may be opaque or transparent, e.g. a paper support or a resin support.
  • a paper support preference is given to one coated at one or both sides with an Alpha-olefin polymer, e.g. a polyethylene layer.
  • an organic resin support is used e.g. cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate; polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate); polyvinyl acetals, polystyrene, polycarbonate; polyvinylchloride or poly-Alpha-olefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • One or more subbing layers may be coated between the flexible hydrophobic support and the hydrophilic layer for use in accordance with the present invention in order to get an improved adhesion between these two layers.
  • a preferred subbing layer for use in connection with the present invention is a subbing layer which is contiguous to the hydrophilic layer and contains gelatin and silica.
  • any kind of ink jet printer may be used.
  • Image-wise deposition of ink may proceed by separate, not-overlapping drops or by several drops at least partly in superposition.
  • Drop-on-demand ink jet printers are preferred when demands on resolution are not particularly stringent as e.g. for printing bar code information.
  • halftone dots are divided into a pattern formed by tiny spots (pixels) arranged in different number and geometrically different.
  • a multiple, e.g. duo ink jet is used by means of which ink droplets, e.g. one group containing dissolved silver salt and the other group containing reducing agent and/or alkaline substance(s) merge before or on reaching the ink receiving material.
  • ink jet printers with merging ink droplets are described in late Deutsche Demokratician Republik (DD) Patentschriften 218 041, 221 691 and 223 672.
  • ink jets apply inks of different concentration of silver compound or reducing agent.
  • the amount of deposited ink is varied pixelwise.
  • ammonium hydroxide was added up to pH 10 so as to obtain a 3 molar ammonia-silver nitrate complex solution.
  • Three parts of said solution were diluted with 10 parts of distilled water and said diluted solution was introduced into a Hewlett-Packard (HP) deskjet ink-cassette for use in a HP-DeskJet Plus (tradename) inkjet apparatus.
  • HP Hewlett-Packard
  • a grained and anodized aluminium base having a thickness of 175 ⁇ m was coated with an aqueous dispersion of PdS development nuclei in conjunction with a minor amount of gelatin as protective colloid.
  • Onto the dried development nuclei-containing layer was coated a 6.7 % aqueous solution of ethyl gallate using a BRAIVE coating knife set at 40 ⁇ m from the substrate so as to obtain a coverage of 2.67 g/m 2 of ethyl gallate.
  • a subbed polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and coated with a hydrophilic layer H as described hereinafter was provided with a dried hydrophilic colloid layer containing 4.1 mg/m 2 of colloidal PdS development nuclei, 3.9 g/m 2 of polyvinyl alcohol and 1.3 mg/m 2 of diisooctylsulfosuccinate sodium salt as wetting agent.
  • Titanium dioxide filler 7.27 Polyvinyl alcohol 0.90 Si(OCH 3 ) 4 1.86 glycerol 0.16 colloidal PdS 0.016 saponine 0.08 HOSTAPON T (tradename) wetting agent 0.08
  • a silver metal image was formed using a HP DeskJet Plus (tradename) ink jet printer containing in its inkcassette the above defined ink.
  • the imaging was in conformity with electronic signals corresponding with digital printing data controlled by ADOBE (tradename) photoshop software.
  • the silver image areas were made oleophilic and lithographic ink receptive by spraying onto the imaged surfaces the following lithographic fixer composition : demineralized water 450 ml sodium nitrite 5 g trisodium orthophosphate. 12 water 40 g potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) 98 g tributyl phosphate 1 ml ethylene glycol monoacetate 100 ml n-propanol 150 ml 1-allyl-2-imidazolidine-thion 5.2 g methoxypropanol 52 ml demineralized water up to 1000 ml
  • the printing plates 1 and 2 prepared as described above were mounted on a commercial offset printing apparatus A.
  • B. Dick 350 CD (tradename) provided with classical dampening system in which the imaged surface of the plates was brought into contact with a fatty printing ink as described in Example 1 of US-P 3,989,522.
  • Said fatty printing ink is a conventional offset printing ink as described in the book "Printing Ink Technology" by E. A. Apps, Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, Edenstreet, London, N.W.
  • Offset printing with said fatty ink resulted already from the first print in a good ink acceptance and did not result in ink-offsetting on non-image areas.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un cliché d'impression lithographique, comprenant les étapes consistant à:
    (1) projeter en forme d'information des gouttelettes de liquide sur un matériau de réception possédant une surface hydrophile en amenant ainsi en relation de travail sur ladite surface hydrophile un composé d'argent réductible (A), un agent de réduction (B) pour ledit composé d'argent et des germes de développement physique (C) qui catalysent la réduction dudit composé d'argent en métal argentique, et
    (2) rendre hydrophobe l'image argentique obtenue via ladite étape (1) par mise en contact globale de la surface d'impression avec une substance rendant hydrophobe pour ladite image argentique ou par déposition en forme d'image de ladite substance rendant hydrophobe sur ladite image argentique.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdits germes de développement physique sont présents sur le matériau de réception et, soit au moins un membre choisi parmi ledit composé d'argent (A) et ledit agent de réduction (B) est présent dans lesdites gouttelettes, l'élément restant (si tant est qu'il y en ait) étant présent dans ledit matériau de réception, soit ledit composé d'argent (A) et ledit agent de réduction (B) sont présents tous deux dans ledit matériau de réception et un alcali est présent dans lesdites gouttelettes.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdites gouttelettes contiennent ledit composé d'argent (A) et sont projetées en forme d'image sur ledit matériau de réception contenant ledit agent de réduction (B) et lesdits germes de développement physique.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdites gouttelettes contiennent un agent de réduction (B) et sont projetées en forme d'image sur ledit matériau de réception contenant ledit composé d'argent (A) et lesdits germes de développement physique (C).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdites gouttelettes contiennent une ou plusieurs substances alcalines fournissant aux gouttelettes un pH au moins égal à 8 et sont projetées en forme d'image sur ledit matériau de réception contenant ledit composé d'argent (A), ledit agent de réduction (B) et lesdits germes de développement physique (C).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un certain nombre desdites gouttelettes contiennent ledit composant (A) et un certain nombre desdites gouttelettes contiennent ledit agent de réduction (B) et sont projetées en forme d'image à partir de différents jets sur ledit matériau de réception contenant lesdits germes de développement physique (C).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdites gouttelettes représentent un révélateur physique par la présence en leur sein d'un agent de réduction (B) en mélange avec ledit composé d'argent réductible (A) qui a été protégé contre la réduction, mais dont la réduction peut avoir lieu en présence de germes de développement physique, et lesdites gouttelettes sont projetées en forme d'image sur ledit matériau de réception contenant lesdits germes de développement physique (C).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit composé d'argent est un composé d'argent organique ou inorganique soluble dans l'eau.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel ledit composé d'argent est choisi parmi le groupe constitué par le nitrate d'argent, le di-(2-éthylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate d'argent et un sel complexe d'argent avec de l'ammoniac, une amine, des ions thiosulfate ou des ions thiocyanate.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel ledit composé d'argent est présent dans les gouttelettes dans le domaine de 0,1 mole/l à 6 moles/l.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les gouttelettes possèdent un pH dans le domaine de 8 à 11.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ledit composé d'argent réductible et ledit agent de réduction pour ce dernier sont appliqués en forme d'image à partir de gouttelettes distinctes à base d'eau sur le matériau de réception à partir de buses séparées projetant les gouttelettes de manière essentiellement congruente sur le matériau de réception.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdits germes de développement physique sont du type appliqué dans le traitement d'inversion-transfert de complexes d'argent par diffusion (traitement DTR).
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel lesdits germes de développement physique sont des particules colloïdales de métaux nobles ou des particules colloïdales de sulfures de métaux lourds.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel lesdits germes de développement physique sont présents dans et/ou sur la couche de réception dudit matériau de réception à raison d'une valeur dans le domaine de 0,01 mg à 1000 mg par mètre carré.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel lesdits germes de développement physique et le ou lesdits agents de réduction sont contenus dans un liant filmogène qui est perméable aux gouttelettes ou qui est à même de gonfler sous l'influence de l'eau et/ou du ou des solvants organiques miscibles à l'eau contenus dans les gouttelettes.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le matériau de réception contient une couche de réception contenant un agent de liaison protéinique, l'alcool polyvinylique, le dextran, la gomme arabique, la zéine, l'agar-agar, l'arrow-root, la pectine, la carboxyméthyl-cellulose, l'hydroxyéthylcellulose, l'acide (poly)acrylique, la polyvinylpyrrolidone ou leurs mélanges sous forme durcie ou non, mais toujours sous forme hydrophile.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit agent de réduction est un agent de réduction connu d'après le traitement d'inversion-transfert d'argent par diffusion (procédé DTR).
  19. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ledit matériau de réception contient une couche de réception contenant ledit agent de réduction, le rapport pondéral du liant au(x) agent(s) de réduction se situant dans le domaine de 0,2 à 6 et l'épaisseur de la couche de réception se situant dans le domaine de 1 à 20 µm.
EP19950201286 1994-07-11 1995-05-17 Procédé pour la fabrication d'une plaque d'impression par jet d'encre Expired - Lifetime EP0697282B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19950201286 EP0697282B1 (fr) 1994-07-11 1995-05-17 Procédé pour la fabrication d'une plaque d'impression par jet d'encre

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94201994 1994-07-11
EP94201994 1994-07-11
EP95200227 1995-01-31
EP95200227 1995-01-31
EP19950201286 EP0697282B1 (fr) 1994-07-11 1995-05-17 Procédé pour la fabrication d'une plaque d'impression par jet d'encre

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EP0697282B1 true EP0697282B1 (fr) 1998-12-02

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6899030B2 (en) 2003-05-05 2005-05-31 Eastman Kodak Company Lithographic plate imaging system to minimize plate misregistration for multicolor printing applications
US11077664B2 (en) 2017-05-17 2021-08-03 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Systems and methods for controlling the morphology and porosity of printed reactive inks for high precision printing
US11504770B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2022-11-22 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Dissolving metal supports in 3D printed metals and ceramics using sensitization
US11673289B2 (en) 2016-02-16 2023-06-13 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Fabricating metal or ceramic components using 3D printing with dissolvable supports of a different material

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7078153B2 (en) 2000-04-07 2006-07-18 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Planographic printing plate
US6315916B1 (en) * 2000-05-08 2001-11-13 Pisces-Print Image Sciences, Inc. Chemical imaging of a lithographic printing plate
US6906019B2 (en) 2001-04-02 2005-06-14 Aprion Digital Ltd. Pre-treatment liquid for use in preparation of an offset printing plate using direct inkjet CTP
FR2843558B1 (fr) 2002-08-13 2004-10-29 Jean Marie Nouel Procede de copie d'une plaque pour impression en offset humide
US7044053B2 (en) 2004-03-10 2006-05-16 Creo Il. Ltd. Method and materials for improving resolution for ctp-inkjet
EP1742801A1 (fr) 2004-05-05 2007-01-17 Glunz & Jensen A/S Systeme et procede d'impression a jet d'encre

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US3679414A (en) * 1969-08-04 1972-07-25 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Lithographic plate and method
US3685993A (en) * 1970-08-03 1972-08-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Lithographic plate with resin binder containing silver soap oxidizing agent
US3767414A (en) * 1972-05-22 1973-10-23 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Thermosensitive copy sheets comprising heavy metal azolates and methods for their use
US4003312A (en) * 1974-12-16 1977-01-18 Xerox Corporation Preparing waterless lithographic printing masters by ink jet printing
DE4119111A1 (de) * 1991-06-10 1992-12-17 Inst Grafische Technik Zentral Verfahren zur herstellung von druckformen
WO1993011468A1 (fr) * 1991-11-27 1993-06-10 Agfa-Gevaert Naamloze Vennootschap Procede pour augmenter l'hydrophobicite d'une image argent
ES2205110T3 (es) * 1992-09-22 2004-05-01 Schablonentechnik Kufstein Aktiengesellschaft Dispositivo para aplicar un liquido de recubrimiento en un cilindro.
EP0641670B1 (fr) * 1993-09-07 1996-07-31 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Méthode pour l'impression par jet d'encre

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6899030B2 (en) 2003-05-05 2005-05-31 Eastman Kodak Company Lithographic plate imaging system to minimize plate misregistration for multicolor printing applications
US11673289B2 (en) 2016-02-16 2023-06-13 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Fabricating metal or ceramic components using 3D printing with dissolvable supports of a different material
US11504770B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2022-11-22 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Dissolving metal supports in 3D printed metals and ceramics using sensitization
US11077664B2 (en) 2017-05-17 2021-08-03 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Systems and methods for controlling the morphology and porosity of printed reactive inks for high precision printing

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