EP0695611A2 - Process and device for making profiled tubular pressed articles from a material in a plastic state such as clay or similar - Google Patents

Process and device for making profiled tubular pressed articles from a material in a plastic state such as clay or similar Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0695611A2
EP0695611A2 EP95111648A EP95111648A EP0695611A2 EP 0695611 A2 EP0695611 A2 EP 0695611A2 EP 95111648 A EP95111648 A EP 95111648A EP 95111648 A EP95111648 A EP 95111648A EP 0695611 A2 EP0695611 A2 EP 0695611A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
mouthpiece
rubber bladder
press
pressure
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Granted
Application number
EP95111648A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0695611A3 (en
EP0695611B1 (en
Inventor
Marin Schnorr
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Individual
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0205—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles supplied to the moulding device in form of a coherent mass of material, e.g. a lump or an already partially preshaped tablet, pastil or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
    • B28B21/02—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds
    • B28B21/10—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means
    • B28B21/18—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means using expansible or retractable mould or core elements
    • B28B21/20—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means using expansible or retractable mould or core elements using inflatable cores, e.g. having a frame inside the inflatable part of the core
    • B28B21/205—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means using expansible or retractable mould or core elements using inflatable cores, e.g. having a frame inside the inflatable part of the core having a rigid frame inside the inflatable part of the core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
    • B28B21/02—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds
    • B28B21/10—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means
    • B28B21/36—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means applying fluid pressure or vacuum to the material
    • B28B21/38—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means applying fluid pressure or vacuum to the material introducing the material wholly or partly under pressure ; Injection-moulding machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/06—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping in moulds on a turntable
    • B28B5/08—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping in moulds on a turntable intermittently rotated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing externally and internally profiled, tubular compacts from plastic material such as clay or the like using a two-part mold with a porous lining.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • a process for the production of pipes made of stoneware and a device suitable for carrying out this process are known from DE-OS 31 00 009.
  • a press mold which is divided horizontally into two mold halves in the longitudinal direction has the shape defining the external shape of the pipe to be produced.
  • a plunger the diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the mold, can be pushed into the mold from one side.
  • a mandrel can be inserted into the mold, the diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the pipe to be produced.
  • This press device can be used to produce simple, straight socket pipes.
  • DE-AS 21 04 632 discloses a method and a device for producing branch pipes made of ceramic material.
  • a plastic ceramic mass is first filled into the two-part mold.
  • press cores are inserted into each opening of the press mold, the ends of which have a shape which is complementary to one another in such a way that they abut one another in the retracted position of the press cores, so as to create a continuous cavity.
  • a press for producing cylindrical tubes or rectangular hollow blocks is known.
  • This press uses an immovable cylinder core.
  • the pressing pressure is generated by a plurality of radially displaceable pressing jaws with pressing surfaces arched concentrically to the cylinder core, which are arranged in such a way that they form a closed outer cylinder around the cylinder core in the pressing position.
  • a common feature of the pressing devices described above is that the retracting pistons and mandrels allow the plastic material to flow over long distances, which favors texture formation and in particular also requires high forces.
  • the ceramic and clay material flowing over long distances also leads to increased wear of the mold surfaces, particularly at the parting surfaces of the mold, where excess material is squeezed out.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for producing externally and / or internally profiled, partially tubular compacts using a two-part mold with porous lining, in which the compacts can be easily removed from the mold in a very rigid state and still only minimal Own textures.
  • Pressing the material in the mold with a rubber bladder enables even pressure to be applied intricately shaped and profiled compacts. Any air residues escape first, then the moisture. At the end of the pressing process, the stiff compact can be easily removed from the mold.
  • the rubber bladder with a gas e.g. B. compressed air, pressurized.
  • a gas e.g. B. compressed air
  • the use of a compressible gas has the advantage over the use of an incompressible liquid that the pressure drops only slightly when the compact shrinks as a result of the escape of air and water, without the need for constant pressure.
  • the length of time for which the pressing pressure must be maintained until the compact is sufficiently drained is in inverse proportion to the pressing pressure. If it takes about 2 hours to dewater a particular compact at a pressure of approx. 10 bar, the pressing time drops to only 10 minutes at approx. 50 bar and only 5 minutes at approx. 70 bar. etc. Lean clays require shorter pressing times than fat ones.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a device with the aid of which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • the solution is a device with the features of claim 4.
  • a compressed air nozzle is preferably located in the tip of the mouthpiece. This makes it easier to move the mouthpiece out of the mold or the compact. Material cutters in the tip of the mouthpiece serve the same purpose.
  • the pressing pressure is generated according to the invention with the help of a rubber bladder, which is left in the mouthpiece Cavity is insertable and can be placed under high pressure.
  • the rubber bladder preferably has a high-pressure coupling, a shut-off valve and in particular a fitting with a sealing cone.
  • the shut-off valve makes it possible to separate the pressurized gas source after filling the compressed gas into the rubber bubble in order to pressurize the next rubber bubble.
  • this last-described property enables the method according to the invention to be carried out using a step-by-step endlessly rotating work platform. Thanks to this simple device, a fully automatic production of the compacts is possible, the number of steps per cycle, the number of molds and the duration of the steps ensuring the time required for the stiffening of the material, depending on the possible pressure level. In any case, the compact is stiffened so that it can be easily lifted out of the mold after removing the emptied rubber bladder and opening the mold, even with a simple handling machine.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the press mold has a circular cylindrical, possibly conical shape and is held together by a tubular, optionally conical sleeve. This facilitates the required relative rotation between the mold and the mouthpiece. The ability to absorb high pressures is also very good.
  • Fig. 1 shows inside a stable tubular sleeve 10, a two-part mold 11, 12, only the lower mold half 11 is shown in detail.
  • the upper mold half 12 is only hinted at; their structure corresponds to the structure of the lower mold half 11.
  • the housing of the two mold halves 11, 12 is made of steel.
  • a sealing cone 13 is provided in the front end.
  • the interior is equipped with a porous lining 14, the inner surface of which corresponds to a negative of the compact to be produced.
  • the mouthpiece 20 shows a mouthpiece 20 of an extrusion press, for example an extrusion press for clay.
  • the material is pushed through the mouthpiece 20 according to the arrow 9.
  • the mouthpiece 20 has a filling tube 21, which is several times its length and circumference Has openings 22.
  • the tip 24 of the filling tube 21 is also open if, as in the exemplary embodiment, the compact to be produced in the mold 11, 12 is to have a closed lid.
  • a compressed air nozzle 25 in the tip of the mouthpiece 20 makes it easier to move the mouthpiece 20 out of the mold 11, 12 or the compact. Wipers 26 facilitate the separation of the strand of material remaining in the filling tube (21).
  • the mouthpiece 20 has a sealing cone 23 which corresponds to the sealing cone 13 of the mold 11, 12.
  • the mold 11, 12 is sealed so that no material escapes.
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a rubber bladder 30, attached to a valve 31, which is equipped with a high pressure coupling 34 and a shut-off valve 32.
  • the valve 31 also has a sealing cone (not visible) which corresponds to the sealing cone 13 of the die 11, 12.
  • the rubber bladder 30 can be inserted into the mold 11, 12 filled with material. Then it is inflated with the help of compressed air, causing the compact under a high, uniform pressure is set on all sides. As a result, air components and in particular the water used to turn on the clay leave the mold 11, 12 through the porous lining 14.
  • the shut-off valve 32 can be closed.
  • the rubber bladder 30 can be equipped with zones 35, 36 of reduced and / or increased extensibility in order to achieve an internal profile of the compacts.
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of a simple, carousel-like work platform 2, which rotates step by step endlessly, with the aid of which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • the mouthpiece 20 with the core tube 21 and the sealing cone 23 can be seen, which is inserted into the closed compression mold 10, 11, 12 for filling it and moved out again after the filling.
  • the rubber bladder was moved into the mold 10, 11, 12 until the sealing cone 33 lies tight.
  • a high-pressure hose 37 connected to a compressed air source is attached to the high-pressure coupling 34.
  • the shut-off valve 32 is open. The pressurized gas flows into the rubber bladder 30.
  • shut-off valve 32 In the third position, the shut-off valve 32 is closed and the high-pressure hose 37 is pulled off the high-pressure coupling 34.
  • the compact in the interior of the mold 11, 12 is vented, dewatered and stiffened by the high pressure.
  • the rubber bladder 30 was removed, the mold 10, 11, 12 opened and the compact 1 removed. It can be fed to a drying car or directly to the kiln with a suitable discharge device 3.
  • the mold halves 11, 12 are closed and again filled with material in the first working position I.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)

Abstract

The production process uses a multiply perforated mouthpiece (20) which, over its length and/or periphery of a material extrusion press, is moved into a closed press mould (11,12) and the press mould is filled with material. The mouthpiece and the press mould are rotated relatively to one another and after withdrawal of the mouthpiece a rubber bladder is fed into the resultant space, being then set under pressure, the pressure being maintained for a predetermined time period. The rubber bladder is set under pressure with a gas, e.g. compressed air. A high pressure of at least 70 bars is maintained for a few minutes. The two-part press mould has a porous cladding and a material extrusion press is provided with a wave mixer and a delivery worm.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von außen und innen profilierten, rohrförmigen Preßlingen aus plastischem Material wie Ton oder dergleichen unter Verwendung einer zweiteiligen Preßform mit einer porösen Auskleidung.The invention relates to a method for producing externally and internally profiled, tubular compacts from plastic material such as clay or the like using a two-part mold with a porous lining.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rohren aus Steinzeug und eine zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung sind bekannt aus der DE-OS 31 00 009. Eine in Längsrichtung horizontal in zwei Formhälften unterteilte Preßform weist die die Außengestalt des herzustellenden Rohres definierende Form auf. In die Preßform ist von der einen Seite ein Plungerkolben einschiebbar, dessen Durchmesser dem Innendurchmesser der Form entspricht. Gegenläufig zum Plungerkolben ist ein Dorn in die Form einfahrbar, dessen Durchmesser dem Innendurchmesser des herzustellenden Rohres entspricht. Mit dieser Preßvorrichtung lassen sich einfache, gerade Muffenrohre herstellen.A process for the production of pipes made of stoneware and a device suitable for carrying out this process are known from DE-OS 31 00 009. A press mold which is divided horizontally into two mold halves in the longitudinal direction has the shape defining the external shape of the pipe to be produced. A plunger, the diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the mold, can be pushed into the mold from one side. In the opposite direction to the plunger, a mandrel can be inserted into the mold, the diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the pipe to be produced. This press device can be used to produce simple, straight socket pipes.

Aus der DE-AS 21 04 632 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Verzweigungsrohren aus Keramikmaterial bekannt. In die zweiteilige Preßform wird zunächst eine plastische Keramikmasse gefüllt. Anschließend werden in jede Öffnung der Preßform Preßkerne eingefahren, deren Enden eine zueinander derart komplementäre Form aufweisen, daß sie in der eingefahrenen Stellung der Preßkerne aneinander anliegen, um so einen durchgehenden Hohlraum zu schaffen.DE-AS 21 04 632 discloses a method and a device for producing branch pipes made of ceramic material. A plastic ceramic mass is first filled into the two-part mold. Then press cores are inserted into each opening of the press mold, the ends of which have a shape which is complementary to one another in such a way that they abut one another in the retracted position of the press cores, so as to create a continuous cavity.

Aus der CH-PS 453 180 ist eine Presse zum Herstellen zylindrischer Rohre oder rechteckiger Hohlblocksteine bekannt. Diese Presse verwendet einen unbeweglichen Zylinderkern. Der Preßdruck wird von einer Mehrzahl von radial verschieblichen Preßbacken mit konzentrisch zum Zylinderkern gewölbten Preßflächen erzeugt, die so angeordnet sind, daß sie in der Preßstellung einen geschlossenen Außenzylinder um den Zylinderkern bilden.From CH-PS 453 180 a press for producing cylindrical tubes or rectangular hollow blocks is known. This press uses an immovable cylinder core. The pressing pressure is generated by a plurality of radially displaceable pressing jaws with pressing surfaces arched concentrically to the cylinder core, which are arranged in such a way that they form a closed outer cylinder around the cylinder core in the pressing position.

In allen Preßvorrichtungen fließt das plastische Material unter der Wirkung des Preßdrucks in die Formhohlräume. Dabei entstehen im Material Texturen. Besonders ausgeprägt ist dies, wenn das Material aus Ton besteht, der ziemlich trocken verarbeitet wird, um eine schnelle Entformung der Preßlinge zu ermöglichen. Texturen führen zu einem erhöhten Ausschuß beim Brennen sowie zu einer verringerten Haltbarkeit, insbesondere Frostbeständigkeit, der gebrannten Teile.In all pressing devices, the plastic material flows into the mold cavities under the effect of the pressing pressure. This creates textures in the material. This is particularly pronounced when the material is made of clay, which is processed quite dry to allow the moldings to be demolded quickly. Textures lead to an increased rejection when burning and to a reduced durability, especially frost resistance, of the burned parts.

Gemeinsames Merkmal der zuvor beschriebenen Preßvorrichtungen ist, daß die einfahrenden Kolben und Dorne das plastische Material über lange Strecken fließen lassen, was die Texturbildung begünstigt und insbesondere auch hohe Kräfte erfordert.A common feature of the pressing devices described above is that the retracting pistons and mandrels allow the plastic material to flow over long distances, which favors texture formation and in particular also requires high forces.

Das über große Strecken fließende Keramik- und Tonmaterial führt des weiteren zu einer erhöhten Abnützung der Formoberflächen, und zwar insbesondere an den Trennflächen der Form, wo überschüssiges Material herausgequetscht wird.The ceramic and clay material flowing over long distances also leads to increased wear of the mold surfaces, particularly at the parting surfaces of the mold, where excess material is squeezed out.

Aus der DE-PS 34 44 322 ist ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art sowie eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung bekannt, bei dem die Texturen dadurch verringert werden, daß ein weich aufbereitetes Tonmaterial verwendet wird. Die zweiteilige Preßform ist mit einer porösen Auskleidung versehen, die günstige Eigenschaften bezüglich des Entformens der fertigen Formlinge hat. In Verbindung mit einer besonderen Zugabe des Tonmaterials konnten sehr texturarme und damit sehr haltbare Formlinge mit fein ausgearbeiteter Profilierung hergestellt werden; allerdings sind die Formlinge nach dem Entformen noch sehr weich und müssen daher mit besonderer Vorsicht gehandhabt werden. Deformationen sind fast unvermeidlich. Die Formlinge können nicht sofort weiterbearbeitet werden.From DE-PS 34 44 322 a method of the type mentioned and a device suitable for carrying out the method is known in which the textures are reduced by the fact that a softly prepared clay material is used. The two-part mold is provided with a porous lining, which has favorable properties with regard to the demolding of the finished moldings. In connection with a special addition of the clay material, very low-texture and therefore very durable moldings with finely worked out profiles could be produced; however, the moldings are still very soft after removal from the mold and must therefore be handled with special care. Deformations are almost inevitable. The moldings cannot be processed immediately.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von außen und/oder innen profilierten, teilweise rohrförmigen Preßlingen unter Verwendung einer zweiteiligen Preßform mit poröser Auskleidung anzugeben, bei dem die Preßlinge in einem sehr steifen Zustand problemlos entformt werden können und trotzdem nur minimale Texturen besitzen.The present invention has for its object to provide a method for producing externally and / or internally profiled, partially tubular compacts using a two-part mold with porous lining, in which the compacts can be easily removed from the mold in a very rigid state and still only minimal Own textures.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1.

Damit ergeben sich die Vorteile, daß das plastische Material ohne Handarbeit, sozusagen vollautomatisch, in die Form eingebracht wird, wo es auf kürzestem Weg, d. h. ohne über weite Strecken zu fließen, ohne Bildung von schädlichen Texturen und bei gleichzeitiger Schonung der Formoberflächen, gezielt in die Formhohlräume eingebracht wird. Die Relativbewegung zwischen Form und Mundstück unterstützt die gleichmäßige Verteilung des Materials. Gleichzeitig wird das Material gestrichen, vergleichbar der Bearbeitung auf der Töpferscheibe.This results in the advantages that the plastic material is introduced into the mold without manual work, so to speak fully automatically, where it can be carried out in the shortest possible way, ie. H. is deliberately introduced into the mold cavities without flowing over long distances, without the formation of harmful textures and at the same time protecting the mold surfaces. The relative movement between the mold and the mouthpiece supports the even distribution of the material. At the same time, the material is painted, comparable to the processing on the potter's wheel.

Das Pressen des Materials in der Form mittels Gummiblase ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Druckbeaufschlagung auch bei kompliziert geformten und profilierten Preßlingen. Dabei entweichen zunächst etwaige Luftreste, anschließend die Feuchtigkeit. Am Ende des Preßvorgangs läßt sich der steife Preßling problemlos entformen.Pressing the material in the mold with a rubber bladder enables even pressure to be applied intricately shaped and profiled compacts. Any air residues escape first, then the moisture. At the end of the pressing process, the stiff compact can be easily removed from the mold.

Vorteilhafterweise wird die Gummiblase mit einem Gas, z. B. Preßluft, unter Druck gesetzt. Die Verwendung eines kompressiblen Gases hat gegenüber der Verwendung einer inkompressiblen Flüssigkeit den Vorteil, daß der Preßdruck nur wenig nachläßt, wenn der Preßling infolge des Entweichens von Luft und Wasser schwindet, ohne daß ständig nachgepreßt werden muß.Advantageously, the rubber bladder with a gas, e.g. B. compressed air, pressurized. The use of a compressible gas has the advantage over the use of an incompressible liquid that the pressure drops only slightly when the compact shrinks as a result of the escape of air and water, without the need for constant pressure.

Wie Versuche gezeigt haben, steht die Zeitdauer, für die der Preßdruck aufrechterhalten werden muß, bis der Preßling ausreichend entwässert ist, im umgekehrten Verhältnis zum Preßdruck. Werden zum Entwässern eines bestimmten Preßlings bei ca. 10 bar Preßdruck noch ca. 2 Stunden benötigt, so fällt die Preßzeit bei ca. 50 bar auf nur noch 10 min., bei ca. 70 bar auf nur noch 5 min. usw. Magere Tone benötigen kürzere Preßzeiten als fette.As experiments have shown, the length of time for which the pressing pressure must be maintained until the compact is sufficiently drained is in inverse proportion to the pressing pressure. If it takes about 2 hours to dewater a particular compact at a pressure of approx. 10 bar, the pressing time drops to only 10 minutes at approx. 50 bar and only 5 minutes at approx. 70 bar. etc. Lean clays require shorter pressing times than fat ones.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es des weiteren, eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, mit deren Hilfe das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchgeführt werden kann. Die Lösung ist eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 4.Another object of the present invention is to provide a device with the aid of which the method according to the invention can be carried out. The solution is a device with the features of claim 4.

Vorzugsweise sitzt in der Spitze des Mundstücks eine Druckluftdüse. Dies erleichtert das Herausfahren des Mundstücks aus der Preßform bzw. dem Preßling. Demselben Zweck dienen Materialabschneider in der Spitze des Mundstücks.A compressed air nozzle is preferably located in the tip of the mouthpiece. This makes it easier to move the mouthpiece out of the mold or the compact. Material cutters in the tip of the mouthpiece serve the same purpose.

Der Preßdruck wird gemäß der Erfindung mit Hilfe einer Gummiblase erzeugt, die in den vom Mundstück hinterlassenen Hohlraum einführbar und unter hohen Druck setzbar ist. Zur leichteren Handhabung besitzt die Gummiblase vorzugsweise eine Hochdruck-Kupplung, ein Absperrventil und insbesondere eine Armatur mit Dichtkonus. Insbesondere das Absperrventil ermöglicht es, nach Einfüllen des Druckgases in die Gummiblase die Preßgasquelle abzutrennen, um die nächste Gummiblase unter Druck zu setzen.The pressing pressure is generated according to the invention with the help of a rubber bladder, which is left in the mouthpiece Cavity is insertable and can be placed under high pressure. For easier handling, the rubber bladder preferably has a high-pressure coupling, a shut-off valve and in particular a fitting with a sealing cone. In particular, the shut-off valve makes it possible to separate the pressurized gas source after filling the compressed gas into the rubber bubble in order to pressurize the next rubber bubble.

Diese zuletzt beschriebene Eigenschaft ermöglicht gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens unter Verwendung einer schrittweise endlos umlaufenden Arbeitsplattform. Dank dieser einfachen Vorrichtung ist eine vollautomatische Fertigung der Preßlinge möglich, wobei durch die Zahl der Schritte pro Umlauf die Zahl der Formen und die Schrittdauer die für die Versteifung des Materials benötigte Zeitspanne, abhängig von der möglichen Preßdruckhöhe, sichergestellt wird. Auf jeden Fall wird der Preßling so versteift, daß er nach dem Herausnehmen der entleerten Gummiblase und dem Öffnen der Preßform ohne weiteres aus der Form herausgehoben werden kann, und zwar auch mit einem einfachen Handhabungsautomaten.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention with the features of claim 9, this last-described property enables the method according to the invention to be carried out using a step-by-step endlessly rotating work platform. Thanks to this simple device, a fully automatic production of the compacts is possible, the number of steps per cycle, the number of molds and the duration of the steps ensuring the time required for the stiffening of the material, depending on the possible pressure level. In any case, the compact is stiffened so that it can be easily lifted out of the mold after removing the emptied rubber bladder and opening the mold, even with a simple handling machine.

Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Preßform eine kreiszylindrische, gegebenenfalls konische Form besitzt und von einer rohrförmigen, gegebenenfalls konischen Hülse zusammengehalten wird. Dies erleichtert die erforderliche Relativdrehung zwischen Preßform und Mundstück. Auch ist die Fähigkeit, hohe Drücke aufzunehmen, sehr gut.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the press mold has a circular cylindrical, possibly conical shape and is held together by a tubular, optionally conical sleeve. This facilitates the required relative rotation between the mold and the mouthpiece. The ability to absorb high pressures is also very good.

Schließlich besteht die Möglichkeit, die Gummiblase mit Zonen von verringerter und/oder erhöhter Dehnbarkeit sowie mit Längs- und/oder Querrillen auszurüsten, so daß eine Innenprofilierung möglich wird.Finally, it is possible to equip the rubber bladder with zones of reduced and / or increased extensibility, as well as with longitudinal and / or transverse grooves, so that a Internal profiling becomes possible.

Anhand der Zeichnung soll die Erfindung in Form von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
rein schematisch in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Preßform,
Fig. 2
in perspektivischer Darstellung ein Mundstück einer Materialstrangpresse,
Fig. 3
in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Gummiblase mit Armatur und
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht auf eine einfache, vollautomatisch arbeitende Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von rohrförmigen Preßlingen.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the form of exemplary embodiments with the aid of the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1
schematically a perspective view of a press mold,
Fig. 2
a perspective view of a mouthpiece of an extrusion press,
Fig. 3
in perspective a rubber bladder with armature and
Fig. 4
a plan view of a simple, fully automatic device for the production of tubular compacts.

Fig. 1 zeigt im Inneren einer stabilen rohrförmigen Hülse 10 eine zweiteilige Preßform 11, 12, wobei nur die untere Preßformhälfte 11 ausführlich dargestellt ist. Die obere Preßformhälfte 12 ist nur angedeutet; ihr Aufbau entspricht dem Aufbau der unteren Preßformhälfte 11.Fig. 1 shows inside a stable tubular sleeve 10, a two-part mold 11, 12, only the lower mold half 11 is shown in detail. The upper mold half 12 is only hinted at; their structure corresponds to the structure of the lower mold half 11.

Das Gehäuse der beiden Preßformhälften 11, 12 besteht aus Stahl. In der vorderen Stirnseite ist ein Dichtkonus 13 vorgesehen. Das Innere ist mit einer porösen Auskleidung 14 ausgerüstet, deren Innenfläche einem Negativ des herzustellenden Preßlings entspricht.The housing of the two mold halves 11, 12 is made of steel. A sealing cone 13 is provided in the front end. The interior is equipped with a porous lining 14, the inner surface of which corresponds to a negative of the compact to be produced.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Mundstück 20 einer Materialstrangpresse, beispielsweise einer Extruderpresse für Ton. Das Material wird entsprechend dem Pfeil 9 durch das Mundstück 20 geschoben. Am vorderen Ende besitzt das Mundstück 20 ein Füllrohr 21, welches über Länge und Umfang mehrfache Öffnungen 22 besitzt. Auch die Spitze 24 des Füllrohrs 21 ist offen, wenn wie im Ausführungsbeispiel der in der Form 11, 12 herzustellende Preßling einen geschlossenen Deckel besitzen soll.2 shows a mouthpiece 20 of an extrusion press, for example an extrusion press for clay. The material is pushed through the mouthpiece 20 according to the arrow 9. At the front end, the mouthpiece 20 has a filling tube 21, which is several times its length and circumference Has openings 22. The tip 24 of the filling tube 21 is also open if, as in the exemplary embodiment, the compact to be produced in the mold 11, 12 is to have a closed lid.

Eine Preßluftdüse 25 in der Spitze des Mundstücks 20 erleichtert das Herausfahren des Mundstücks 20 aus der Preßform 11, 12 bzw. dem Preßling. Abstreifer 26 erleichtern das Abtrennen des im Füllrohr (21) verbleibenden Materialstrangs.A compressed air nozzle 25 in the tip of the mouthpiece 20 makes it easier to move the mouthpiece 20 out of the mold 11, 12 or the compact. Wipers 26 facilitate the separation of the strand of material remaining in the filling tube (21).

Das Mundstück 20 besitzt einen Dichtkonus 23, der mit dem Dichtkonus 13 der Preßform 11, 12 korrespondiert. Bei eingefahrenem Mundstück 20 ist die Preßform 11, 12 dicht verschlossen, so daß kein Material austritt.The mouthpiece 20 has a sealing cone 23 which corresponds to the sealing cone 13 of the mold 11, 12. When the mouthpiece 20 is retracted, the mold 11, 12 is sealed so that no material escapes.

Beim Einpressen des Materials in die Form 11, 12 wird zwischen der Form 11, 12 und dem Mundstück 20 eine Relativdrehung erzeugt. Dies wird durch die kreiszylindrische Form der Preßform 10, 11, 12 erleichtert. Dank dieser Relativdrehung wird das aus dem Mundstück 20 austretende Material gleichmäßig im Forminneren verteilt, gelangt so auf kürzestem Wege und ohne die Bildung von schädlichen Texturen an die gewünschten Stellen und wird zu einer homogenen Einheit geformt.When the material is pressed into the mold 11, 12, a relative rotation is generated between the mold 11, 12 and the mouthpiece 20. This is facilitated by the circular cylindrical shape of the mold 10, 11, 12. Thanks to this relative rotation, the material emerging from the mouthpiece 20 is evenly distributed in the interior of the mold, reaches the desired locations in the shortest possible manner and without the formation of harmful textures, and is formed into a homogeneous unit.

Fig. 3 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Gummiblase 30, befestigt an einer Armatur 31, die mit einer Hochdruckkupplung 34 und einem Absperrventil 32 ausgerüstet ist. Die Armatur 31 besitzt ebenfalls einen Dichtkonus (nicht sichtbar), der mit dem Dichtkonus 13 der Preßform 11, 12 korrespondiert. Die Gummiblase 30 kann nach dem Herausziehen des Mundstücks 20 in die mit Material gefüllte Preßform 11, 12 eingeführt werden. Anschließend wird sie mit Hilfe von Preßluft aufgeblasen, wodurch der Preßling unter einen hohen, allseits gleichmäßigen Preßdruck gesetzt wird. Dadurch verlassen Luftbestandteile und insbesondere das zum Anmachen des Tons benutzte Wasser die Preßform 11, 12 durch die poröse Auskleidung 14 hindurch.Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a rubber bladder 30, attached to a valve 31, which is equipped with a high pressure coupling 34 and a shut-off valve 32. The valve 31 also has a sealing cone (not visible) which corresponds to the sealing cone 13 of the die 11, 12. After the mouthpiece 20 has been pulled out, the rubber bladder 30 can be inserted into the mold 11, 12 filled with material. Then it is inflated with the help of compressed air, causing the compact under a high, uniform pressure is set on all sides. As a result, air components and in particular the water used to turn on the clay leave the mold 11, 12 through the porous lining 14.

Sobald die Gummiblase 30 unter Druck steht, kann das Absperrventil 32 geschlossen werden.As soon as the rubber bladder 30 is under pressure, the shut-off valve 32 can be closed.

Die Gummiblase 30 kann mit Zonen 35, 36 von verringerter und/oder erhöhter Dehnbarkeit ausgerüstet sein, um eine Innenprofilierung der Preßlinge zu erzielen.The rubber bladder 30 can be equipped with zones 35, 36 of reduced and / or increased extensibility in order to achieve an internal profile of the compacts.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine einfache, schrittweise endlos umlaufende karussellartige Arbeitsplattform 2, mit deren Hilfe das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchgeführt werden kann. An der ersten Position I ist das Mundstück 20 mit dem Kernrohr 21 und dem Dichtkonus 23 zu erkennen, das zum Befüllen der geschlossenen Preßform 10, 11, 12 in diese eingefahren und nach dem Befüllen wieder herausgefahren wird.FIG. 4 shows a top view of a simple, carousel-like work platform 2, which rotates step by step endlessly, with the aid of which the method according to the invention can be carried out. At the first position I, the mouthpiece 20 with the core tube 21 and the sealing cone 23 can be seen, which is inserted into the closed compression mold 10, 11, 12 for filling it and moved out again after the filling.

In der zweiten Position II wurde die Gummiblase in die Preßform 10, 11, 12 eingefahren, bis der Dichtkonus 33 dicht anliegt. Auf die Hochdruckkupplung 34 ist ein mit einer Preßluftquelle verbundener Hochdruckschlauch 37 aufgesteckt. Das Absperrventil 32 ist geöffnet. Das Preßgas strömt in die Gummiblase 30.In the second position II, the rubber bladder was moved into the mold 10, 11, 12 until the sealing cone 33 lies tight. A high-pressure hose 37 connected to a compressed air source is attached to the high-pressure coupling 34. The shut-off valve 32 is open. The pressurized gas flows into the rubber bladder 30.

An der dritten Position ist das Absperrventil 32 geschlossen, der Hochdruckschlauch 37 von der Hochdruckkupplung 34 abgezogen. Der Preßling im Inneren der Preßform 11, 12 wird durch den hohen Druck entlüftet, entwässert und versteift. Die Zeitdauer, die wie schon erwähnt im umgekehrten Verhältnis steht zu der Höhe des Preßdrucks, wird dadurch gewährleistet, daß der Preßdruck über mehrere Schritte der Arbeitsplattform 2 angelegt bleibt.In the third position, the shut-off valve 32 is closed and the high-pressure hose 37 is pulled off the high-pressure coupling 34. The compact in the interior of the mold 11, 12 is vented, dewatered and stiffened by the high pressure. The length of time, which, as already mentioned, is in the inverse relationship to the level of the pressing pressure, is ensured by the pressing pressure remains in place over several steps of work platform 2.

An der vierten Position IV wurde die Gummiblase 30 entnommen, die Preßform 10, 11, 12 geöffnet und der Preßling 1 entformt. Er kann mit einer geeigneten Abfördereinrichtung 3 einem Trockenwagen oder direkt dem Brennofen zugeführt werden.At the fourth position IV, the rubber bladder 30 was removed, the mold 10, 11, 12 opened and the compact 1 removed. It can be fed to a drying car or directly to the kiln with a suitable discharge device 3.

Nach dem Putzen werden die Formhälften 11, 12 geschlossen und in der ersten Arbeitsposition I wieder mit Material gefüllt.After cleaning, the mold halves 11, 12 are closed and again filled with material in the first working position I.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Herstellen von außen und gegebenenfalls innen profilierten, teilweise rohrförmigen Preßlingen (1) aus plastischem Material wie Ton unter Verwendung einer zweiteiligen Preßform (11, 12) mit einer porösen Auskleidung (14), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein mehrfach über Länge und/oder Umfang perforiertes Mundstück (20) einer Materialstrangpresse in die geschlossene Preßform (11, 12) eingefahren wird, daß die Preßform (11, 12) mit Material gefüllt wird, daß Mundstück (20) und Preßform (11, 12) dabei relativ zueinander gedreht werden, daß nach dem Herausziehen des Mundstücks (20) eine Gummiblase (30) in den entstandenen Hohlraum eingefahren und anschließend unter Druck gesetzt wird und daß der Preßdruck für eine vorbestimmte Zeitdauer aufrechterhalten bleibt.Method for producing externally and optionally internally profiled, partially tubular compacts (1) made of plastic material such as clay using a two-part mold (11, 12) with a porous lining (14), characterized in that a multiply over length and / or Perforated perforated mouthpiece (20) of an extrusion press is inserted into the closed mold (11, 12), so that the mold (11, 12) is filled with material so that the mouthpiece (20) and mold (11, 12) are rotated relative to each other that after the mouthpiece (20) has been pulled out, a rubber bladder (30) is inserted into the resulting cavity and then pressurized and that the pressing pressure is maintained for a predetermined period of time. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gummiblase (30) mit einem Gas, z. B. Preßluft, unter Druck gesetzt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rubber bladder (30) with a gas, for. B. compressed air, is pressurized. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Hochdruck von wenigstens 70 bar für einige Minuten aufrechterhalten bleibt.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that a high pressure of at least 70 bar is maintained for a few minutes. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 mit einer zweiteiligen Preßform (11, 12) mit poröser Auskleidung (14), gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale: - es ist eine Materialstrangpresse, ein Wellenmischer mit Förderschnecke oder dergleichen vorgesehen -- mit einem Mundstück (20), --- das über Umfang und/oder Länge mehrfach perforiert ist, --- und an der Spitze (24) eine Öffnung besitzt, - es ist eine Gummiblase (30) vorgesehen, -- die in den vom Mundstück (20) hinterlassenen Hohlraum einführbar -- und unter hohen Druck setzbar ist. Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3 with a two-part press mold (11, 12) with porous lining (14), characterized by the features: - A material extrusion press, a shaft mixer with a screw conveyor or the like is provided - with a mouthpiece (20), --- which is perforated several times over the circumference and / or length, --- and has an opening at the tip (24), - a rubber bladder (30) is provided, - Can be inserted into the cavity left by the mouthpiece (20) - And can be placed under high pressure. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet durch das Merkmal: - die Preßform (11, 12) hat eine kreiszylindrische bzw. konische Form, - eine rohrförmige Hülse (10) hält die Preßformhälften (11, 12) zusammen, - eine Drehvorrichtung erzeugt eine Relativbewegung zwischen Mundstück (20) und Preßform (10, 11, 12). Device according to claim 4, characterized by the feature: - The mold (11, 12) has a circular cylindrical or conical shape, - A tubular sleeve (10) holds the mold halves (11, 12) together, - A rotating device generates a relative movement between the mouthpiece (20) and the mold (10, 11, 12). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch das Merkmal: - in der Spitze (24) des Mundstücks (20) sitzt eine Druckluftdüse (25) und/oder ein Materialabschneider (26). Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the feature: - In the tip (24) of the mouthpiece (20) sits a compressed air nozzle (25) and / or a material cutter (26). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale: - die Gummiblase (30) besitzt -- eine Hochdruck-Kupplung (34), -- ein Absperrventil (32) und -- eine Armatur (31) mit Dichtkonus (33). Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized by the features: - Has the rubber bladder (30) - a high pressure coupling (34), - A shut-off valve (32) and - An armature (31) with a sealing cone (33). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch das Merkmal: - die Gummiblase (30) besitzt Zonen und/oder Profile (35, 36) mit verringerter und/oder erhöhter Dehnfähigkeit. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized by the feature: - The rubber bladder (30) has zones and / or profiles (35, 36) with reduced and / or increased elasticity. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale: - es ist eine schrittweise endlos umlaufende Arbeitsplattform (2) vorgesehen, - einer ersten Position (I) der Arbeitsplattform (2) ist die Materialstrangpresse bzw. deren Mundstück (20) zugeordnet, - einer zweiten Position (II) ist eine Druckgasleitung (35) zum Aufblasen der montierten Gummiblase (30) zugeordnet, - einer dritten Position (III) ist eine Einrichtung zum Halten des Preßdrucks für eine bestimmte Zeitdauer zugeordnet, - einer vierten Position (IV) sind Einrichtungen zum Drucklosmachen der Gummiblase (30), zum Öffnen der Preßform (10, 11, 12) und zum Entformen des fertigen Preßlings (1) zugeordnet, - einer fünften Position (V) sind Einrichtungen zum Säubern der Formhälften (11, 12) und zum Schließen der Preßform (10, 11, 12) zugeordnet. Device according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized by the features: - A gradually rotating work platform (2) is provided, - The material extrusion press or its mouthpiece (20) is assigned to a first position (I) of the work platform (2), - A second position (II) is assigned a compressed gas line (35) for inflating the assembled rubber bladder (30), a third position (III) is associated with a device for holding the pressing pressure for a certain period of time, - A fourth position (IV) is assigned devices for depressurizing the rubber bladder (30), for opening the mold (10, 11, 12) and for demolding the finished compact (1), - A fifth position (V) are associated with devices for cleaning the mold halves (11, 12) and for closing the mold (10, 11, 12). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, gekennzeichnet durch das Merkmal: - der vierten Position (IV) der Arbeitsplattform (2) ist ein Abförderer (3) zugeordnet. Device according to claim 9, characterized by the feature: - The fourth position (IV) of the work platform (2) is assigned a conveyor (3).
EP95111648A 1994-08-04 1995-07-25 Process and device for making profiled tubular pressed articles from a material in a plastic state such as clay or similar Expired - Lifetime EP0695611B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4427588 1994-08-04
DE4427588A DE4427588C1 (en) 1994-08-04 1994-08-04 Production process for profiled, tubular basic blanks from clay and similar

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EP0695611A2 true EP0695611A2 (en) 1996-02-07
EP0695611A3 EP0695611A3 (en) 1997-11-19
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AT (1) ATE190898T1 (en)
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CN112895126A (en) * 2021-01-16 2021-06-04 韶关挖掘机制造厂有限公司 Single-horizontal-shaft stirring main machine directly driven by speed reduction motor

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CN115139392B (en) * 2022-07-05 2023-12-08 江西科技学院 Preparation facilities of carousel formula luminous concrete brick that permeates water

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CN112895126A (en) * 2021-01-16 2021-06-04 韶关挖掘机制造厂有限公司 Single-horizontal-shaft stirring main machine directly driven by speed reduction motor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2144547T3 (en) 2000-06-16
DE4427588C1 (en) 1995-09-07
EP0695611A3 (en) 1997-11-19
DE59508031D1 (en) 2000-04-27
ATE190898T1 (en) 2000-04-15
EP0695611B1 (en) 2000-03-22

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