EP0694150B1 - Appareil pour le conditionnement de l'air et procede pour controler son fonctionnement - Google Patents

Appareil pour le conditionnement de l'air et procede pour controler son fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0694150B1
EP0694150B1 EP94912565A EP94912565A EP0694150B1 EP 0694150 B1 EP0694150 B1 EP 0694150B1 EP 94912565 A EP94912565 A EP 94912565A EP 94912565 A EP94912565 A EP 94912565A EP 0694150 B1 EP0694150 B1 EP 0694150B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
return
room
duct
outdoor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94912565A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0694150A1 (fr
Inventor
Seppo Kalevi Kanninen
Seppo Juhani Leskinen
Ingmar Erik Rolin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flaekt Woods Oy
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ABB Flaekt Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/044—Systems in which all treatment is given in the central station, i.e. all-air systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of controlling the operation of an air-conditioning apparatus comprising
  • the need for air-conditioning in buildings depends on the number of people staying in the building at a specific time, the amount of impurities entering the air, the heat load, etc.
  • the air-conditioning system especially the flow of air, has to be designed according to the maximum load. As the heat load is very often the factor determining the design values, the air-conditioning system often has to be operated at an unnecessarily high power, especially in winter, if the power cannot be adjusted. This would require a very high amount of energy, especially thermal energy, as whatever the way cold outdoor air is introduced into the building, the air has to be heated.
  • So-called return air operation has been developed mainly to avoid air distribution problems.
  • the flow of outdoor air into the building and the flow of so-called exhaust air from the building are reduced by dampers while passing a portion of the exhaust air flow after the exhaust blower to the suction side of the supply air blower, where it is mixed with outdoor air sucked by the blowers.
  • the exhaust air portion to be passed back into the building is to be kept equal to the reduction of the outdoor and/or exhaust air flow caused by the dampers.
  • the supply and exhaust air blowers and the air distribution means thereby operate all the time at the designed air flow rate, and the above-described operational problems will not occur.
  • the poor operation of the mixing section also endangers the operation of air-conditioning apparatus sections positioned after the mixing section. Due to the uneven speed and/or temperature distribution, the heating element will not reach its designed performance values or its resistance increases. It has even happened that the heating element has frozen due to the inefficient operation of the mixing section.
  • the resistance of the filter section increases and its service life decreases, droplets are entrained in the air flow from the humidifying parts or cooling elements, causing moisture and hygiene problems, their resistance increases, and the performance values deteriorate, etc.
  • the poor controllability of the mixing section thus simply deteriorates the operation of all subsequent sections of the air-conditioning apparatus.
  • a method and an apparatus respectively according to claim 1 and claim 4 are known from US-A-41 99 101, which concerns the restriction of the outdoor air flow by utilising return air.
  • US-A-22 24 407 describes a system in which a minimum outside air flow is obtained when, due to to high or to low an outside air temperature, the heating power is not enough to heat or the cooling power is not enough to cool the outside air to a suitable temperature.
  • a minimum outside air flow is obtained when, due to to high or to low an outside air temperature, the heating power is not enough to heat or the cooling power is not enough to cool the outside air to a suitable temperature.
  • it is suggested to change to a return air use with a minimum outside air flow by regulating the position of air shutters when the temperature of the outside air lies outside a defined temperature range. The operation is continued in this way until the outside air temperature has returned to a temperature within the defined range.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method which avoids the above draw backs and allows the operation of an air-conditioning apparatus to be controlled.
  • An essential feature of the invention is that the supply device and the return device can be used alternately and periodically for periods such that a desired mixing ratio between outdoor air and return air is achieved in the room.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a controllable air-conditioning apparatus in which desired air flows and mixing ratios are achieved with a high accuracy; the minimum flow of outdoor air is achieved under all circumstances; the pressure ratios of the building remain undisturbed at all operating points in all rooms to be air-conditioned; the mixing process will not cause problems in the mixing section itself nor does it disturb the operation of subsequent sections; and the apparatus required for adjustment is substantially simpler than previously.
  • An essential feature of the invention is that the operation of the mixing section (return device) is designed so as to be controllable according to the properties of the system only at two operating points of the mixing section, or at a limited number of operating points, and the mixing section is operated by ON/OFF adjustment only at these operating points.
  • a desired mixing ratio is achieved by varying the duration of operation at each operating point.
  • the system operates through ON/OFF adjustment so that the outdoor air device and the return air device are used alternately, i.e., only outdoor air or only return air is introduced into the room.
  • a desired mixing ratio i.e. the ratio between the outdoor air flow and the return air flow, is achieved by varying the duration of the different operating periods. Accordingly, if the total air flow to be passed into the room should contain one half of return air, the dampers of the return device are open for one half of the total operating time and closed for the other half. If the minimum requirement of outdoor air flow is e.g. 30% of the total air flow, the outdoor air damper is open for 30% of the total time.
  • the adjustment is based on the degree of use of the building, the purity or temperature of air, the outdoor temperature, etc.
  • the adjusting motors are simple ON/OFF motors, which are considerably cheaper and more reliable in operation than relatively adjusting motors in use today.
  • the adjustment logic is somewhat simpler.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus shown in Figure 1 of the drawings comprises a supply device 1, an exhaust device 2, and a return device 3.
  • the supply device 1 comprises a supply air duct 5 extending from outdoor air to a room 4.
  • a damper 6, a filter 7, a heat recovery means 8, a damper 9, heating and cooling elements 10, 11, and a blower 12 are installed inside the duct 5.
  • the blower creates an outdoor air flow A in the duct.
  • the exhaust device 2 comprises an exhaust air duct 13 extending from the room to outdoor air.
  • a filter 14, a blower 15, dampers 16, a heat recovery means 17 and a damper 18 are installed inside the duct.
  • the blower creates an exhaust air flow B in the duct.
  • the return device 3 comprises a return air duct 19, within which a damper 20 is installed.
  • a return air flow C consisting of exhaust air passes through the duct.
  • the dampers 9, 16 and 20 are connected to operating means 21 which adjust the dampers into different operating positions, in this specific example between a closed position and an open position.
  • the operating means are controlled by adjustable time switches 22, by means of which the durations of the open periods can be adjusted.
  • the operation of the return device 3 is designed to be controlled according to the properties of the system only at two operating points of the return device.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus shown herein operates through ON/OFF adjustment so that only outdoor air A or only return air C is passed alternately into the room during the different operating periods.
  • the dampers 6 and 9 of the supply device and the dampers 16 and 18 of the exhaust device are fully open, while the damper 20 of the return device is fully closed.
  • the dampers 6 and 9 of the supply device and the dampers 16 and 18 of the exhaust device are fully closed while the damper 20 of the return device is fully open.
  • a desired mixing ratio i.e.
  • the ratio between the amount of outdoor air and the amount of return air in the room is achieved by adjusting the duration of the different operating periods, i.e. the time during which the dampers are open. If the desired proportion of outdoor air A in the total air flow introduced into the room is 50% and the proportion of return air C is 50%, the dampers are open for one half of the total time and closed for the other half. On the other hand, if the desired minimum amount of outdoor air in the total amount of air is 30%, the dampers 6 and 9 of the supply duct should be kept open for 30% of the total time while the damper 20 of the return duct is closed.
  • the operating means 21 are preferably ON-OFF servomotors.
  • the total air flow tends to increase during return air operation, as the resistance of the damper 20 is considerably smaller than the combined resistance of the elements 16, 17, 18 and 6, 7, 8, 9. This may result in overloading of the blower motors, noise and draught problems in the rooms to be air-conditioned, etc.
  • the part 23 may be a perforated plate or a nozzle plate, the free area of the openings of which is selectable or adjustable in a desired way; or it may be a series of plates having mutual spacings adjustable by varying the position of the plates with respect to each other, or any other similar device.
  • the operation of the mixing section can be controlled and the desired performance values can be predesigned in accordance with the requirements of each particular apparatus, in addition to which the apparatus can be prefabricated also in this respect.
  • the required additional parts are considerably cheaper than e.g. the savings that could be obtained in the price of electric motors.
  • the operation of the system can be ensured even in such cases by providing the servomotors of the dampers with a limiter, beginning from a certain outdoor temperature or mixing ratio.
  • the duration of the open period has to be increased correspondingly by dividing the time corresponding to the 100% air flow by 0.7.
  • the air flow ratios are maintained unchanged and can be adjusted even in this case, whereas there are three flow resistances to be adjusted in place of one resistance (the dampers 6, 9, 16, 18 only for one operating point, and the damper 20 for two operating points corresponding to 100% and 30% air flows).
  • the adjustment is more complicated, although it is still easy as compared with the systems presently in use.
  • the technique is, however, substantially easier as the operation has to be checked only at two operating points, where the air flows are controllable, and so the number of laboratory tests is limited, and it can be taken for granted that a device operating appropriately in laboratory conditions will also operate in practice. Moreover, by a reasonable number of tests, it is possible to determine the moisture, temperature and mixing ratio ranges within which the humidifying part operates flawlessly.
  • the system is self-balancing to some extent: for instance, on transition from outdoor air operation to return air operation, the liquid circulation system operates in a manner resembling heat recovery for some time due to the large liquid volumes and heat surfaces. In other words, it first cools the air in a heat exchanger 17' on the exhaust air side and then again heats it up in a heating element 8' on the supply air side. As there is no risk of freezing, the adjustment can be made to act in advance so that a valve 24 closes the heat supply at the same time as or slightly before the return air damper 20 starts to open. As a consequence, the temperature of the supply air first drops slightly on transition to return air operation, then rises slightly, and finally returns to room temperature. As the maximum temperature difference between the supply air and the heating liquid flowing in the heat exchanger circuit is clearly less than 10°C, the temperature variation of the supply air remains small, especially as compared with conventional heat exchanger systems, in which the temperature difference is between 40 and 50°C.
  • One embodiment of the system is to realize the return air operation merely by the use of the supply air blower, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the return air is taken directly from the exhaust duct 13 or from the return duct 19 specially provided for the purpose directly to the suction side of the supply air blower 12.
  • the exhaust air blower 15 is stopped entirely during the return air period. In this way the electric power consumed by the exhaust air blower will be saved, which may be significant.
  • the proportion of return air of the total air flow can be adjusted continuously between 0 and 100% by varying the duration of the operating periods.
  • the use of return air is also possible in apparatuses where the exhaust and supply air blowers are remote from each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de commande du fonctionnement d'un appareil de conditionnement d'air comportant
    un dispositif (1) destiné à amener de l'air extérieur (A) dans une pièce (4);
    un dispositif (2) destiné à évacuer l'air intérieur (B) de la pièce;
    un dispositif de retour (3) destiné à ramener l'air intérieur évacué sous forme d'air de retour (C) dans la pièce; et
    des moyens de réglage (9, 16, 20) destinés à ajuster les quantités d'air extérieur, d'air intérieur évacué de la pièce, et d'air intérieur devant être ramené dans la pièce, lesdits moyens étant réglables depuis une position fermée empêchant le passage d'air jusqu'à une position ouverte permettant le passage d'air;
    les moyens de réglage étant réglables afin de commander les rapports de mélange entre lesdites quantités d'air en fonction des conditions que l'on souhaite obtenir dans la pièce;
    caractérisé en ce que, d'une part, l'air extérieur (A) ou un mélange d'air extérieur (A), principalement, et d'air de retour (C) et, d'autre part, l'air de retour (C) ou un mélange d'air de retour (C), principalement, et d'air extérieur (A) passent dans la pièce (4) de manière alternée, et en ce que les durées des périodes ouvertes des moyens de réglage (9, 16, 20) sont modifiées afin de correspondre à un rapport de mélange souhaité entre les quantités d'air extérieur (A) et d'air de retour (C) dans la pièce.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le fonctionnement du dispositif de retour (3) peut être commandé dans seulement quelques, de préférence deux, positions de fonctionnement des moyens de réglage (9, 16, 20), et en ce que les moyens de réglage sont ajustés sur ces positions de fonctionnement seulement.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de réglage (9, 16, 20) sont ajustés d'une manière telle que les moyens de réglage (9) pour l'air extérieur (A) et les moyens de réglage (20) pour l'air de retour (C) sont placés alternativement dans la position ouverte et dans la position fermée, la durée des périodes ouvertes étant telle qu'un rapport souhaité est obtenu entre l'air extérieur et l'air de retour.
  4. Appareil de conditionnement d'air pour une pièce, comportant
    un dispositif d'alimentation (1) destiné à amener de l'air extérieur (A) dans une pièce (4) et comportant une conduite d'alimentation (5) entre l'air extérieur et la pièce, des moyens (12) destinés à créer un écoulement d'air extérieur dans la conduite d'alimentation et des moyens (9) destinés à ajuster l'écoulement d'air extérieur;
    un dispositif d'évacuation (2) laissant passer de l'air d'évacuation (b) de la pièce et comportant une conduite d'évacuation (13) de la pièce, des moyens (15) créant un écoulement d'air d'évacuation dans la conduite d'évacuation, et des moyens (16) destinés à ajuster l'écoulement d'air d'évacuation;
    un dispositif de retour (3) destiné à ramener l'air d'évacuation dans la pièce sous forme d'air de retour (C) et comportant une conduite de retour (19) entre la conduite d'évacuation et la conduite d'alimentation, et des moyens (20) destinés à ajuster l'écoulement d'air d'évacuation dans la conduite de retour; et
    des moyens d'actionnement (21) destinés à ajuster les périodes ouvertes des moyens de réglage respectifs; caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'actionnement (21) sont prévus pour ouvrir les moyens de réglage (9, 20) de la conduite d'alimentation (5) et de la conduite de retour (13) de telle sorte que, d'une part, de l'air extérieur (A) ou un mélange d'air extérieur (A), principalement, et d'air de retour (C) et, d'autre part, de l'air de retour (C) ou un mélange d'air de retour (C), principalement, et d'air extérieur (A) passent de manière alternée dans la pièce (4) pendant la durée des périodes ouvertes, qui correspondent à un rapport de mélange souhaité entre l'air extérieur (A) et l'air de retour (C) dans la pièce (4).
  5. Appareil de conditionnement d'air selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le fonctionnement du dispositif de retour (3) peut être commandé dans au moins deux positions de fonctionnement des moyens de réglage (9, 16, 20), de préférence dans une position fermée et une position ouverte, et en ce que les moyens d'actionnement (22) sont prévus pour placer les moyens de réglage (9, 20) de la conduite d'alimentation (5) et de la conduite de retour (19) dans ces positions de fonctionnement seulement de manière alternée pendant des périodes telles qu'un rapport souhaité entre les quantités d'air extérieur (A) et d'air de retour (C) devant passer dans la pièce (4) l'un après l'autre est obtenu.
  6. Appareil de conditionnement d'air selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la conduite de retour (19) est pourvue, en plus des moyens de réglage (20), de moyens de résistance (23) destinés à ajuster la résistance d'écoulement agissant sur l'écoulement d'air de retour (C) passant à travers la conduite de retour (19).
  7. Appareil de conditionnement d'air selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que des positions de fonctionnement des moyens de réglage (9, 20) de la conduite d'alimentation (5) et de la conduite de retour (19) s'écartent de leur position totalement fermée et/ou de leur position totalement ouverte.
  8. Appareil de conditionnement d'air selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la conduite de retour (19) est reliée à la conduite d'évacuation (13) avant les moyens d'actionnement (14, 15, 17', 18) de la conduite d'évacuation et à la conduite d'alimentation (5) du côté d'aspiration d'un ventilateur (12) dans la conduite d'alimentation.
EP94912565A 1993-04-23 1994-04-22 Appareil pour le conditionnement de l'air et procede pour controler son fonctionnement Expired - Lifetime EP0694150B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI931848 1993-04-23
FI931848A FI100065B (fi) 1993-04-23 1993-04-23 Ilmastointilaitteisto ja menetelmä sen toiminnan ohjaamiseksi
PCT/FI1994/000154 WO1994025804A1 (fr) 1993-04-23 1994-04-22 Appareil pour le conditionnement de l'air et procede pour controler son fonctionnement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0694150A1 EP0694150A1 (fr) 1996-01-31
EP0694150B1 true EP0694150B1 (fr) 1999-03-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94912565A Expired - Lifetime EP0694150B1 (fr) 1993-04-23 1994-04-22 Appareil pour le conditionnement de l'air et procede pour controler son fonctionnement

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP0694150B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE178135T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6506394A (fr)
DE (1) DE69417411T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0694150T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI100065B (fr)
WO (1) WO1994025804A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2135011B1 (fr) * 2007-01-11 2016-11-16 Swegon AB Matériel de conditionnement de l'air pour l'air de reprise
JP4703692B2 (ja) 2008-07-11 2011-06-15 株式会社東芝 空調制御システムおよびこれに利用する給気切替コントローラ、空調制御方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2224407A (en) * 1938-02-15 1940-12-10 Passur Norman Control means for air circulating systems
US3635282A (en) * 1969-06-05 1972-01-18 New Cosmos Electric Co Air-conditioning device of automatic ventilation type
US4199101A (en) * 1979-01-26 1980-04-22 Johnson Controls, Inc. Multiple load integrated fluid control units
FI78979C (fi) * 1988-02-18 1989-10-10 Halton Oy Foerfarande foer reglering av luftkonditionering och luftkonditioneringsanordning foer anvaendning vid foerfarandet.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6506394A (en) 1994-11-21
DK0694150T3 (da) 1999-10-11
DE69417411T2 (de) 1999-08-19
DE69417411D1 (de) 1999-04-29
FI931848A (fi) 1994-10-24
WO1994025804A1 (fr) 1994-11-10
FI100065B (fi) 1997-09-15
ATE178135T1 (de) 1999-04-15
FI931848A0 (fi) 1993-04-23
EP0694150A1 (fr) 1996-01-31

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