Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
  • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
  • F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/01—Shape
  • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
  • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
  • F17C2203/0604—Liners
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
  • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
  • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
  • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
  • F17C2203/0636—Metals
  • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
  • F17C2203/0636—Metals
  • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
  • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
  • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
  • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
  • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
  • F17C2205/0397—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel on both sides of the pressure vessel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
  • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
  • F17C2209/2154—Winding
  • F17C2209/2163—Winding with a mandrel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
  • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
  • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
  • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
  • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
  • F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
  • F17C2260/053—Reducing corrosion

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to fluid pressure vessels which incorporate non-metallic liners, and in particular to a new and improved system and structure for attaching bosses used in such vessels to the liners.
• Composite (fiber reinforced resin matrix) containers or vessels have come into common use for storage of a variety of fluids under pressure, including storage of oxygen, natural gas, nitrogen, rocket fuel, propane, etc.
• Such composite construction provides numerous advantages such as lightness in weight and resistance to corrosion, fatigue and catastrophic failure. This combination of lightness in weight and resistance to failure is possible due to the high specific strengths of the reinforcing fibers or filaments (carbon, glass, aramid, etc.) which, in the construction of pressure vessels, are typically oriented in the direction of the principal forces.
• the resin matrix of the composite pressure vessel is subject to cracking and crazing during service and use, the vessels are oftentimes furnished with fluid impermeable liners. While metal liners are most common, elastomeric rubber and thermoplastic liners have also been utilized.
• the liners are designed not only to prevent leaks from the vessel, but also to serve as mandrels during the vessel fabrication- -i.e., profile definition for the composite shell.
• non-metallic liners One problem with the use of non-metallic liners is that of securely attaching the liners to the vessel bosses which are typically metallic.
• the end-bosses support fluid passage into and out of the vessel and also may function in the fabrication of the composite shell by providing for fiber turnaround at the ends or poles of the vessel and for mandrel support if filament winding is used to construct the shell.
• metal liners When metal liners are used, such bosses are generally constructed integrally with the liners, but with the increased use of non-metallic liners, other methods of attaching the bosses to the liners have been needed.
• FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings illustrate these two approaches for attaching non-metallic liners to bosses, and will be discussed momentarily.
• a pressure vessel for holding fluids which includes an outer shell made of a substantially rigid, mechanically strong material such as composite fiber-reinforced resin, and having at least one oblate end section with an opening therein. Also included is a boss having a neck portion for fitting in the opening of the outer shell and a flange portion extending outwardly from one end of the neck portion.
• An inner, generally fluid impervious liner is disposed within the outer shell against the inside surface thereof and includes at least one end section with an opening aligned with the opening of the outer shell.
• the inner liner is formed with a dual-layer lip circumscribing the opening in the liner and having an upper lip segment and a lower lip segment, with an annular recess therebetween for receiving and holding the flange portion of the boss.
• the flange portion of the boss is encapsulated in the recess between the upper and lower lip segments of the liner which securely holds it in place.
• the boss includes a generally cylindrical hollow extending through the neck portion to define a first opening at said one end of the neck portion from which the flanged portion extends, and a second opening at the other end of the neck portion.
• a first section of the cylindrical hollow adjacent the first opening has a diameter which is smaller than the diameter of a second section of the cylindrical hollow adjacent the second opening.
• An inwardly sloping shoulder is formed in the cylindrical hollow at the transition between the second section and the first section.
• the lower lip segment is formed to extend radially inwardly under the flanged portion of the boss and then upwardly through the first opening and along the wall of the hollow of the boss to overlie the shoulder.
• the underside of the flanged portion of the boss is formed to be radially convex with broadly rounded edges between the underside and the interior of the hollow.
• the lower lip segment hugs the convex underside of the flanged portion and the rounded edges leading to the interior of the hollow, and is held in place by the internal pressure of the fluid in the vessel.
• FIG. 1 is a side, elevational view of a composite vessel of the type for which the present invention is especially suitable
• FIG. 2 is a side, cross-sectional, fragmented view of a composite vessel with an elastomeric liner attached to a boss utilizing only internal pressure of the fluid in the vessel, in accordance with a conventional prior art approach;
• FIG. 3 is a side, cross-sectional, fragmented view of a composite vessel having a rigid non-metallic liner bonded to a boss in a conventional fashion;
• FIG. 4 is a side, cross-sectional fragmented view of a fluid pressure vessel made in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 5 shows a top, plan view of a pressure vessel boss made in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 1 Referring to the drawings, there is shown in FIG.
• the vessel 4 includes a hollow generally cylindrical central section, and integral oblate end sections 12 and 16.
• the end sections 12 and 16 include axially-aligned openings 20 and 24 in which are disposed access bosses 28 and 32 respectively.
• the bosses 28 and 32 are typically constructed of metal or metal alloy and are provided for receiving attachments such as valves to allow for the supply of fluid into and removal of fluid from the vessel 4.
• the bosses 28 and 32 are also typically used, during fabrication of the vessel, for fiber turnaround and mandrel support.
• bosses 28 and 32 are shown positioned in the end sections 12 and 16, sometimes called polar sections, the bosses may be placed at other locations, and more than two bosses may be provided. Also, fully spherical vessels could be provided as could other conventional container shapes, with bosses provided where desired.
• FIGS. 2 and 3 show prior art approaches to attaching a non-metallic liner, used in vessels of the type shown in FIG. 1, to the end bosses.
• FIG. 2 shows a side, cross-sectional, fragmented view of a composite vessel shell 40 in which is disposed an elastomeric rubber liner 44.
• the liner 44 is positioned against the inside surface of the shell 40 and extends to an opening 48 in the shell.
• a boss 52 is disposed in the opening 48 and includes a lower flange portion 56 which is positioned against the liner 44 surrounding the opening 48.
• the internal pressure in the vessel against the boss 52 is used to help seal the liner 44 against the boss.
• FIG. 3 illustrates, in side, cross-sectional, fragmented view, a shell 60 of a pressure vessel, in which is disposed a rigid non-metallic liner 64.
• a boss 68 is disposed in an opening 72 of the shell 60 and is adhesively bonded to a top wall 64a of the liner to provide the desired seal between the liner and the boss.
• non-metallic materials such as plastic
• non-metallic adhesive bonding is difficult to maintain, when used in boss-liner attachment, and it generally deteriorates over time and service, leading to leakage at the boss-liner interface.
• FIG. 4 shows a side, cross-sectional, fragmented view of a fluid pressure vessel 80 made in accordance with the present invention.
• the pressure vessel 80 includes an exterior shell 84 having a hollow cylindrical center section 84a and two (only one of which is shown) oblate, generally ellipsoidal end sections 84b which are formed integral with the center section. Axially aligned openings 88 (only one of which is shown) are formed in the end sections 84b as indicated in FIG. 4.
• the shell 84 is formed of a composite fiber-reinforced resin in the conventional manner.
• a fluid impermeable liner 94 Disposed inside the shell 84 is a fluid impermeable liner 94 made, for example, of a thermoplastic material such as polyethylene, nylon polyamide, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) .
• the liner 94 is disposed against the inside surface of the shell 84 and thus has the same general form as the shell including a pair of openings 98 (only one of which is shown) which are aligned with respective openings 88 of the shell.
• an end boss 104 Disposed in the adjacent openings 88 and 98 of the shell and liner respectively is an end boss 104, typically made of a metal or metal alloy such as aluminum or carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel.
• the boss 104 is formed with an axial cylindrical hollow or bore 108, an upper portion 108a of which is for receiving an attachment 110, such as a valve, for supplying fluid into and removing fluid from the vessel 80.
• the bore 108 also is formed with a lower portion 108b, which has a smaller diameter than the upper portion 108a.
• the boss 104 is also formed with a generally cylindrical neck portion 112 and which fits within the opening 88 of the shell 84, and a collar or flange portion 116 extending radially outwardly from the lower end of the neck portion.
• the lower surface of the flange 116 is formed to be generally convex and includes broadly rounded edges 116a between the lower surface of the flange and the interior sidewall 118 of the lower portion 108b of hollow 108.
• the radius of curvature of the edges 116a is about equal to the thickness of the flange portion 116 at the location of the edges.
• a transition 116b between the top of the flange portion 116 and the neck portion 112 is smooth and rounded. The reason for this is to aid in reducing stress concentrations in the boss and in the liner which will follow the boss contours, as will be described hereafter.
• a circumferential groove 120 Formed in the hollow 108 of the boss 104 is a circumferential groove 120 which, as will be explained later, is for receiving a portion of the liner 94 for aid in holding the liner securely in place.
• the lower or bottom side of the groove 120 is formed with a downwardly and inwardly sloping shoulder 122, against which the attachment 110 presses an annular bead 128a (to be discussed momentarily) when the attachment is inserted into the bore 108.
• That portion of the liner 94 surrounding the opening 98 in the liner is formed into a dual-lip arrangement to include an upper lip segment 124 which circumscribes the neck portion 112 of the boss 104 when the boss is in place, and overlies the upper surface of the flange portion 116 of the boss.
• the dual-lip configuration of the liner 94 also includes a lower lip segment 128 which extends from the underside of the upper lip segment 124 radially inwardly under the lower surface of the flange portion 116 of the boss, and then upwardly, beyond the termination of the upper lip segment 124, into the hollow 108 along the walls 118 of the hollow.
• the termination of the lower lip segment 128 is formed into an annular bead 128a which fits within the circumferential groove 120 of the boss 104 and serves to hold the lower lip segment 128 in place in the hollow 108.
• the upper lip segment 124 and the lower lip segment 128 define an annular recess 132 between the two segments for receiving and, in effect, encapsulating and holding the flange portion 116 of the boss 104, as shown in FIG. 4.
• the design of the boss 104 also accommodates use of internal fluid pressure in the vessel for enhancing adherence of the liner 94 to the boss.
• the internal pressure forces the lower lip segment 128 against the bottom surface of the flange portion 116, against the broadly rounded edges 116a, and against the walls 118 of the hollow 108. Because the edges 116a are broadly rounded, the pressure on the lower lip segment 128 and against the boss 104 is substantially uniform to securely hold the liner in place. Such pressure also forces the bead 128a of the lower lip segment 128 into the circumferential groove 120.
• This groove 120 serves to prevent slippage of the liner 94 during pressurization and depressurization. Also, positioning the lower lip segment 128 in the hollow 108 at the location of the circumferential groove 120 provides a direct link between the liner 94 and the upper or inlet portion 108a of the hollow 108 and thus the attachment 110 to thereby minimize the likelihood of leak paths developing.
• the attachment includes exterior threads 111 which are compatible with and may be screwed into corresponding threads 109 formed in the inlet portion 108a of the bore 108.
• the upper lip segment 124 of the liner 94 is disposed between the boss 104 and the shell 84 and, in particular, between the flange portion 116 of the boss and the shell to act as a shear layer.
• cogs or notches 136 are formed at spaced- apart locations in the perimeter of the flange portion 116, as best seen in FIG. 5. These notches 136 are positioned to contact the walls of the annular recess 132 between the upper lip segment 124 and lower lip segment 128 to assist in the torque or torsional shear transfer between the boss and liner.
• the upper surface and lower surface of the flange portion 116 of the boss 104 may also be roughened or otherwise treated to prevent the sliding thereover of the upper lip segment 124 and lower lip segment 128 respectively to further enhance the torque transfer.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=21927833

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (9)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1994
  • 1994-04-05 AU AU63858/94A patent/AU675835B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1994-04-05 CA CA 2158987 patent/CA2158987A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-04-05 JP JP6521890A patent/JPH08511323A/ja active Pending
  • 1994-04-05 WO PCT/IB1994/000074 patent/WO1994023240A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1994-04-05 EP EP94911304A patent/EP0693167A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1994-04-05 NZ NZ26324894A patent/NZ263248A/en unknown
• 1995
  • 1995-10-06 NO NO953986A patent/NO953986L/no unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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