EP0693111A1 - Tensioactifs de sulfates secondaires d'alkyle (2,3) se trouvant dans des compositions detergentes stables contenant des enzymes - Google Patents

Tensioactifs de sulfates secondaires d'alkyle (2,3) se trouvant dans des compositions detergentes stables contenant des enzymes

Info

Publication number
EP0693111A1
EP0693111A1 EP94914033A EP94914033A EP0693111A1 EP 0693111 A1 EP0693111 A1 EP 0693111A1 EP 94914033 A EP94914033 A EP 94914033A EP 94914033 A EP94914033 A EP 94914033A EP 0693111 A1 EP0693111 A1 EP 0693111A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkyl
enzyme
compositions
alkyl sulfate
mixtures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94914033A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bruce Prentiss Murch
Stephen William Morrall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Publication of EP0693111A1 publication Critical patent/EP0693111A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • C11D3/38663—Stabilised liquid enzyme compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cleaning compositions and methods which employ secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactants, one or more types of detersive enzymes, and an enzyme stabilizer which provides calcium or magnesium ions.
  • Most conventional detergent compositions contain mixtures of various detersive surfactants in order to remove a wide variety of soils and stains from surfaces.
  • various anionic surfactants especially the alkyl benzene sulfonates, are useful for removing particulate soils
  • various nonionic surfactants such as the alkyl ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates, are useful for removing greasy soils.
  • One class of surfactants which has found limited use in various compositions where emulsification is desired comprises the secondary alkyl sulfates.
  • the conventional secondary alkyl sulfates are available as generally pasty, random mixtures of sulfated linear and/or partially branched alkanes. Such materials have not come into widespread use in laundry detergents, since they offer no particular advantages over the alkyl benzene sulfonates.
  • secondary alkyl sulfates referred to herein as secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates (“SAS”)
  • SAS secondary alkyl sulfates
  • the secondary alkyl (2,3) sulfates are more soluble in aqueous media than their counterpart primary alkyl sulfates of comparable chain lengths. Accordingly, they can be formulated as readily- soluble, high-surfactant (i.e., "high-active”) particles for use in granular laundry detergents.
  • high-active high-surfactant
  • they can be formulated as stable, homogeneous liquid detergents.
  • the solubility of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates allows them to be formulated in the concentrated form now coming into vogue with both granular and liquid laundry detergents. Since the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates can be made available in solid, particulate form, they can be dry-mixed into granular detergent compositions without the need for passage through spray drying towers.
  • the present invention employs secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactants to provide an enhancement of enzyme stability as compared with conventional anionic sulfated surfactants.
  • the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates may be somewhat milder to human tissue than the primary alkyl sulfates. This may translate into better inherent compatibility with other biological systems, including detersive enzymes. However, this is not believed to be the main explanation for the improved stability (and the resulting improved performance) of the enzyme/secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate compositions herein. Rather, it appears that the presence of cations, especially calcium or magnesium ions, in detergent compositions substantially enhances the stability of detersive enzymes. While not intending to be limited by theory, it may be hypothesized that such cations provide conformational stability to the overall enzyme structure.
  • the present invention relates to the use of secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactants to provide cleaning action in a detergent composition which otherwise comprises: (a) one or more types of detersive enzymes; and (b) a source of calcium or magnesium ions, or both.
  • the invention also encompasses the use of secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactants to provide cleaning action in a fabric laundering process which employs an aqueous laundry liquor containing calcium or magnesium ions, or both, and one or more types of detersive enzymes.
  • the amount of calcium or magnesium ions, or both, present is that "enzyme-stabilizing amount" which is at least sufficient to stabilize the enzyme from denaturation or degradation which results in any substantial loss of its cleaning activity.
  • additional amounts of calcium or magnesium ions, or both can be incorporated into the compositions to enhance grease removal performance.
  • the compatibility of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates allows for such modifications and improvements to the compositions herein.
  • the invention herein provides detergent compositions, especially fabric laundry compositions, comprising:
  • an enzyme such as detersive proteases, a ylases, upases, peroxidases, as well as cellulases and mixtures thereof, at least about 0.001% by weight;
  • compositions can be in the form of liquids, solids, bars, gels, granules, concentrates, pastes, and the like.
  • the water-soluble secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate detergent preferably has an alkyl chain length in the range from about 10 to about 18, and mixtures thereof.
  • the compositions and uses herein are effective with all manner of detersive enzymes, e.g., members selected from the group consisting of proteases, amylases, upases, cellulases, peroxi ⁇ dases and mixtures thereof.
  • compositions additionally comprise an enzyme-stabilizing amount of a non-calcium, non-magnesium enzyme stabilizer, especially a borate or boric acid enzyme stabilizer.
  • compositions herein additionally comprise an adjunct surfactant, especially non-alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants.
  • adjunct surfactants comprises the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.
  • compositions herein addition ⁇ ally comprise a detergency builder.
  • the builder is preferably a polycarboxylate builder, especially citrate.
  • the detergency builder is preferably a member selected from the group consisting of zeolite builders, layered silicate builders, polycarboxylate builders, and mixtures thereof.
  • the formulator may also use phosphate builders, since the enzyme/cal ⁇ cium or enzyme/magnesium mixture is reasonably stable therewith, especially in the absence of alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactants.
  • the invention also encompasses a method for cleaning surfaces, especially soiled fabrics, comprising contacting said surfaces with an aqueous medium containing an effective amount (typically at least about 0.01%, preferably at least about 0.05%) of a composition as disclosed above.
  • Cleaning operations include conventional methods which employ agitation in automatic washing machines, as well as hand-washing, both with and without presoaking.
  • the C10-C20 secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates can conveniently be employed herein.
  • the C14-C18 compounds are preferred for laundry cleaning operations.
  • ROSO3-M+ wherein R is typically a linear C10-C20 hydrocarbyl group and M is a water-solubilizing cation.
  • Branched-chain primary alkyl sulfate surfactants i.e., branched-chain "PAS” having 10-20 carbon atoms are also known; see, for example, European Patent Application 439,316, Smith et al, filed 21.01.91.
  • Conventional alkyl sulfate surfactants are those materials which have the sulfate moiety distributed randomly along the hydrocarbyl "backbone" of the molecule. Such materials may be depicted by the structure
  • the selected secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactants used herein comprise structures of formulas A and B A) CH3(CH2) ⁇ (CHOS ⁇ 3"M+) CH3 and (B) CH 3 (CH2)y(CH0S03-M+) CH2CH3 for the 2-sulfate and 3-sulfate, respectively. Mixtures of the 2- and 3-sulfate can be used herein.
  • x and (y+1) are, respectively, integers of at least about 6, and can range from about 7 to about 20, preferably about 10 to about 16.
  • M is a cation, such as an alkali metal, ammonium, alkanolammonium, alkaline earth metal, or the like.
  • Sodium is typical for use as M to prepare the water-soluble (2,3) alkyl sulfates, but ethanolam- monium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, potassium, ammonium, and the like, can also be used.
  • the physical/chemical properties of the foregoing types of alkyl sulfate surfactants are unexpectedly different, one from another, in several aspects which are important to formulators of various types of detergent compositions.
  • the primary alkyl sulfates can disadvantageously interact with, and even be precipi- tated by, metal cations such as calcium and magnesium.
  • metal cations such as calcium and magnesium.
  • water hardness can negatively affect the primary alkyl sulfates to a greater extent than the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates herein.
  • the primary alkyl sulfates can be problematic due to such interactions with calcium or magnesium cations.
  • the solubility of the primary alkyl sulfates is not as great as the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates.
  • the formulation of high-active surfactant particles and high-concentrate liquid detergents has now been found to be simpler and more effective with the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates than with the primary alkyl sulfates.
  • the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates are exceptionally easy to formulate as heavy-duty liquid laundry detergents, especially in combination with short-chain adjunct surfactants.
  • the random secondary alkyl sulfates i.e., secondary alkyl sulfates with the sulfate group at positions such as the 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. secondary carbon atoms
  • such materials tend to be tacky solids or, more generally, pastes.
  • the random alkyl sulfates do not afford the processing advantages associated with the solid secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates when formulating detergent granules, bars, or tablets.
  • the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates herein provide better sudsing than the random mixtures. It is preferred that the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates be substantially free (i.e., contain less than about 20%, more preferably less than about 10%, most preferably less than about 5%) of such random secondary alkyl sulfates.
  • the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates used herein are quite different in several important properties from the secondary olefin sulfonates (e.g., U.S. Patent 4,064,076, Klisch et al, 12/20/77); accordingly, the secondary sulfonates are not the focus of the present invention.
  • the preparation of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates of the type useful herein can be carried out by the addition of H2SO4 to olefins.
  • a typical synthesis using ⁇ t-olefins and sulfuric acid is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,234,258, Morris, or in U.S. Patent 5,075,041, Lutz, granted December 24, 1991.
  • Such materials are available as under the name “DAN”, e.g., "DAN 200" from Shell Oil Company. If increased solubility of the "crystalline" secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactants is desired, the formulator may wish to employ mixtures of such surfactants having a mixture of alkyl chain lengths. Thus, a mixture of Ci2 ⁇ c 18 alkyl chains will provide an increase in solubility over a secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate wherein the alkyl chain is, say, entirely C ⁇ Q .
  • the solubility of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates can also be enhanced by the addition thereto of other surfactants such as the alkyl ethoxylates or other nonionic surfactants, or by any other material which decreases the crystallinity of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates.
  • Such crystallinity-interrupting materials are typically effective at levels of 20%, or less, of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate.
  • the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactants contain less than about 3% sodium sulfate, preferably less than about 1% sodium sulfate.
  • sodium sulfate is an innocuous material. However, it dissolves and adds to the ionic "load" in aqueous media, and this can contribute to phase separation in the liquid compositions and to gel breaking in the gel compositions.
  • Various means can be used to lower the sodium sulfate content of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates.
  • care can be taken to remove unreacted H2SO4 before the acid form of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate is neutralized.
  • the sodium salt form of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate which contains sodium sulfate can be rinsed with water at a temperature near or below the Krafft temperature of the sodium secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate. This will remove Na2S04 with only minimal loss of the desired, purified sodium secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate.
  • both procedures can be used, the first as a pre-neutralization step and the second as a post-neutralization step.
  • Krafft temperature is a term of art which is well-known to workers in the field of surfactant sciences.
  • Krafft temperature is described by K. Shinoda in the text “Principles of Solution and Solubility", translation in collaboration with Paul Becher, published by Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1978 at pages 160-161.
  • the solubility of a surface active agent in water increases rather slowly with temperature up to that point, i.e., the Krafft temperature, at which the solubility evidences an extremely rapid rise.
  • the Krafft temperature At a temperature approximately 4'C above the Krafft temperature a solution of almost any composition becomes a homogeneous phase.
  • the Krafft temperature of any given type of surfactant such as the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates herein which comprise an anionic hydrophilic sulfate group and a hydrophobic hydrocarbyl group, will vary with the chain length of the hydrocarbyl group. This is due to the change in water solubility with the variation in the hydrophobic portion of the surfactant molecule.
  • the formulator may optionally wash the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactant which is contaminated with sodium sulfate with water at a temperature that is no higher than the Krafft temperature, and which is preferably lower than the Krafft temperature, for the particular secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate being washed. This allows the sodium sulfate to be dissolved and removed with the wash water, while keeping losses of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate into the wash water to a minimum.
  • the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactant herein comprises a mixture of alkyl chain lengths
  • the Krafft temperature will not be a single point but, rather, will be denoted as a "Krafft boundary”.
  • the optional sodium sulfate removal operation it is preferred to conduct the optional sodium sulfate removal operation at a temperature which is below the Krafft boundary, and preferably below the Krafft temperature of the shortest chain-length surfactant present in such mixtures, since this avoids excessive losses of secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate to the wash solution.
  • Ci6 secondary sodium alkyl (2,3) sulfate surfactants it is preferred to conduct the washing operation at temperatures below about 30 * C, preferably below about 20 * C. It will be appreciated that changes in the cations will change the preferred temperatures for washing the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates, due to changes in the Krafft temperature.
  • the washing process can be conducted batchwise by suspending wet or dry secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates in sufficient water to provide 10-50% solids, typically for a mixing time of at least 10 minutes at about 22'C (for a Ci ⁇ secondary [2,3] alkyl sulfate), followed by pressure filtration.
  • the slurry will comprise somewhat less than 35% solids, inasmuch as such slurries are free-flowing and amenable to agitation during the washing process.
  • the washing process also reduces the levels of organic contaminants which comprise the random secondary alkyl sulfates noted above.
  • Enzvmes - Enzymes are included in the formulations herein for a wide variety of fabric laundering purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains, for example, and for the prevention of refugee dye transfer, and for fabric restoration.
  • the enzymes to be incorporated include proteases, amylases, upases, cellulases, and peroxidases, as well as mixtures thereof. Other types of enzymes may also be included. They may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. However, their choice is governed by several factors such as pH-activity and/or stability optima, thermostability, stability versus active detergents, builders and so on.
  • bacterial or fungal enzymes are preferred, such as bacterial amylases and proteases, and fungal cellulases.
  • Enzymes are normally incorporated at levels sufficient to provide up to about 5 mg by weight, more typically about 0.01 mg to about 3 mg, of active enzyme per gram of the composition.
  • the compositions herein will typically comprise from about 0.001% to about 5%, preferably 0.01%-1%, by weight of a commercial enzyme preparation.
  • Protease enzymes are usually present in such commercial preparations at levels sufficient to provide from 0.005 to 0.1 Anson units (AU) of activity per gram of composition.
  • AU Anson units
  • proteases are the subtil sins which are obtained from particular strains of B.subtilis and B.licheniforms. Another suitable protease is obtained from a strain of Bacillus, having maximum activity throughout the pH range of 8-12, developed and sold by Novo Industries A/S under the registered trade name ESPERASE. The preparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes is described in British Patent Specification No. 1,243,784 of Novo.
  • protealytic enzymes suitable for removing protein-based stains that are commercially available include those sold under the tradena es ALCALASE and SAVINASE by Novo Industries A/S (Denmark) and MAXATASE by International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. (The Netherlands).
  • proteases include Protease A (see European Patent Application 130,756, published January 9, 1985) and Protease B (see European Patent Application Serial No. 87303761.8, filed April 28, 1987, and European Patent Application 130,756, Bott et al, published January 9, 1985).
  • Amylases include, for example, ⁇ -amylases described in British Patent Specification No. 1,296,839 (Novo), RAPIDASE, International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. and TERMAMYL, Novo Industries.
  • the cellulases usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S.
  • Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al issued March 6, 1984, which discloses fungal cellulase produced from Humicola insolens and Humicola strain DSM1800 or a cellulase 212-producing fungus belonging to the genus Aeromonas, and cellulase extracted from the hepatopancreas of a marine ollusk (Dolabella Auricula Solander). Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB-A-2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832.
  • Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1,372,034. See also lipases in Japanese Patent Application 53-20487, laid open to public inspection on February 24, 1978. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nago a, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano,” hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P.” Other commercial lipases include Amano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var.
  • lipolyticum NRRLB 3673 commercially available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and further Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli.
  • the LIPOLASE enzyme derived from Humicola lanuginosa and commercially available from Novo is a preferred lipase for use herein.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g., percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. They are used for "solution bleaching," i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from substrates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase, and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase.
  • Peroxidase-containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in PCT International Application W089/099813, published October 19, 1989, by 0. Kirk, assigned to Novo Industries A/S.
  • Enzyme stabilization systems are also described, for example, in U.S. Patents 4,261,868, 3,600,319, and 3,519,570.
  • Enzvme Stabilizers The enzymes employed herein are stabilized by the presence of water-soluble sources of calcium and/or magnesium ions in the finished compositions which provide such ions to the enzymes. (Calcium ions are generally somewhat more effective than magnesium ions and are preferred herein if only one type of cation is being used.) Additional stability can be provided by the presence of various other art-disclosed stabilizers, especially borate species: see Severson, U.S. 4,537,706, cited above. Typical detergents, especially liquids, will comprise from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about 2 to about 20, more preferably from about 5 to about 15, and most preferably from about 8 to about 12, miHimoles of calcium ion per liter- of finished composition.
  • the level of calcium or magnesium ions should be selected so that there is always some minimum level available for the enzyme, after allowing for complexation with builders, fatty acids, etc., in the composition.
  • Any water-soluble calcium or magnesium salt can be used as the source of calcium or magnesium ions, including, but not limited to, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium malate, calcium maleate, calcium hydroxide, calcium formate, and calcium acetate, and the corresponding magnesium salts.
  • a small amount of calcium ion generally from about 0.05 to about 0.4 millimoles per liter, is often also present in the composition due to calcium in the enzyme slurry and formula water.
  • the formulation may include a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble calcium ion source to provide such amounts in the laundry liquor. In the alternative, natural water hardness may suffice.
  • the foregoing levels of calcium and/or magnesium ions are sufficient to provide enzyme stability. More calcium and/or magnesium ions can be added to the compositions to provide an additional measure of grease removal performance. Accordingly, as a general proposition the composi ⁇ tions herein will typically comprise from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of a water-soluble source of calcium or magnesium ions, or both. The amount can vary, of course, with the amount and type of enzyme employed in the composition.
  • compositions herein may also optionally, but preferably, contain various additional stabilizers, especially borate-type stabilizers.
  • additional stabilizers especially borate-type stabilizers.
  • such stabilizers will be used at levels in the compositions from about 0.25% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.75% to about 3%, by weight of boric acid or other borate compound capable of forming boric acid in the composition (calculated on the basis of boric acid).
  • Boric acid is preferred, although other compounds such as boric oxide, borax and other alkali metal borates (e.g., sodium ortho-, meta- and pyroborate, and sodium pentaborate) are suitable.
  • Substituted boric acids e.g., phenylboronic acid, butane boronic acid, and p-bromo phenylboronic acid
  • compositions herein can option ⁇ ally include one or more other detergent adjunct materials or other materials for assisting or enhancing cleaning performance, treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the detergent composition (e.g., perfumes, color ⁇ ants, dyes, etc.).
  • adjunct materials e.g., perfumes, color ⁇ ants, dyes, etc.
  • Builders - Detergent builders can optionally be included in the compositions herein to assist in controlling mineral hardness. Inorganic as well as organic builders can be used. Builders are typically used in fabric laundering compositions to assist in the removal of particulate soils.
  • the level of builder can vary widely depending upon the end use of the composition and its desired physical form.
  • the compositions will typically comprise at least about 1% builder.
  • Liquid formulations typically comprise from about 5% to about 50%, more typically about 5% to about 30%, by weight, of detergent builder.
  • Granular formulations typically comprise from about 10% to about 80%, more typically from about 15% to about 50% by weight, of the detergent builder.
  • Lower or higher levels of builder are not meant to be excluded.
  • Inorganic detergent builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphos- phates (exemplified by the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates), phosphonates, phytic acid, silicates, carbonates (including bicarbonates and sesquicarbon- ates), sulphates, and aluminosilicates.
  • non-phosphate builders are required in some locales.
  • the composi ⁇ tions herein function surprisingly well even in the presence of the so-called "weak” builders (as compared with phosphates) such as citrate, or in the so-called “underbuilt” situation that may occur with zeolite or layered silicate builders.
  • the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate plus enzyme components perform best in the presence of weak, nonphosphate builders which allow free calcium ions to be present. This is especially true for liquid compositions.
  • silicate builders are the alkali metal silicates, particularly those having a Si ⁇ 2:Na2 ⁇ ratio in the range 1.6:1 to 3.2:1 and layered silicates, such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S.
  • NaSKS-6 is the trademark for a crystalline layered silicate marketed by Hoechst (commonly abbreviated herein as "SKS-6"). Unlike zeolite builders, the Na SKS-6 silicate builder does not contain aluminum. NaSKS-6 has the delta-Na2Si0s morphology form of layered silicate. It can be prepared by methods such as those described in German DE-A-3,417,649 and DE-A-3,742,043.
  • SKS-6 is a highly preferred layered silicate for use herein, but other such layered silicates, such as those having the general formula NaMSi x ⁇ 2 ⁇ + yH2 ⁇ wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, preferably 2, and y is a number from 0 to 20, preferably 0 can be used herein.
  • Various other layered silicates from Hoechst include NaSKS-5, NaSKS-7 and NaSKS-11, as the alpha, beta and gamma forms.
  • the delta-Na2Si ⁇ 5 (NaSKS-6 form) is most preferred for use herein.
  • Other silicates may also be useful such as for example magnesium silicate, which can serve as a crispening agent in granular formulations, as a stabilizing agent for oxygen bleaches, and as a component of suds control systems.
  • carbonate builders are the alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates as disclosed in German Patent Application No. 2,321,001 published on November 15, 1973.
  • Aluminosilicate builders are useful in the present invention. Aluminosilicate builders are of great importance in most currently marketed heavy duty granular detergent compositions, and can also be a significant builder ingredient in liquid detergent formulations. Aluminosilicate builders include those having the empirical formula:
  • Preferred aluminosilicates are zeolite builders which have the formula: Na z [(A10 2 )z (Si0 2 )y]-xH 2 0 wherein z and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of z to y is in the range from 1.0 to about 0.5, and x is an integer from about 15 to about 264.
  • aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are com er- cially available. These aluminosilicates can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally-occurring aluminosili ⁇ cates or synthetically derived. A method for producing alumino ⁇ silicate ion exchange materials is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel , et al , issued October 12, 1976. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite P (B), and Zeolite X. In an especially preferred e bodi- ent, the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula:
  • the aluminosilicate has a particle size of about 0.1-10 microns in diameter.
  • Organic detergent builders suitable for the purposes of the present invention include, but are not restricted to, a wide variety of polycarboxylate compounds.
  • polycar ⁇ boxylate refers to compounds having a plurality of carboxylate groups, preferably at least 3 carboxylates.
  • Polycarboxylate builder can generally be added to the composition in acid form, but can also be added in the form of a neutralized salt. When utilized in salt form, alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, or alkanolammonium salts are preferred. Included among the polycarboxylate builders are a variety of categories of useful materials.
  • poly ⁇ carboxylate builders encompasses the ether polycarboxylates, including oxydisuccinate, as disclosed in Berg, U.S. Patent 3,128,287, issued April 7, 1964, and Lamberti et al, U.S. Patent 3,635,830, issued January 18, 1972. See also "TMS/TDS" builders of U.S. Patent 4,663,071, issued to Bush et al, on May 5, 1987.
  • Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S. Patents 3,923,679; 3,835,163; 4,158,635; 4,120,874 and 4,102,903.
  • ether hydroxy- polycarboxylates copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6-trisul- phonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid
  • various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid
  • polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricar- boxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
  • Citrate builders e.g., citric acid and soluble salts thereof (particularly sodium salt), are polycarboxylate builders of particular importance for heavy duty liquid detergent formulations due to their availability from renewable resources and their biodegradability. Citrates can also be used in granular composi ⁇ tions, especially in combination with zeolite and/or layered silicate builders. Oxydisuccinates are also especially useful in such compositions and combinations.
  • succinic acid builders include the C5-C20 alkyl and alkenyl succinic acids and salts thereof.
  • a particularly preferred compound of this type is dodecenylsuccinic acid.
  • succinate builders include: laurylsuc- cinate, myristylsuccinate, palmitylsuccinate, 2-dodecenylsuccinate (preferred), 2-pentadecenylsuccinate, and the like. Laurylsuccin- ates are the preferred builders of this group, and are described in European Patent Application 86200690.5/0,200,263, published November 5, 1986.
  • Fatty acids e.g., C12-C18 monocarboxylic acids
  • the aforesaid builders especially citrate and/or the succinate builders, to provide additional builder activity.
  • Such use of fatty acids will generally result in a diminution of sudsing, which should be taken into account by the formulator.
  • the various alkali metal phosphates such as the well-known sodium tripolyphosphates, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium orthophosphate can be used.
  • Phosphonate builders such as ethane-l-hydroxy-l,l-diphosphonate and other known phosphonates (see, for example, U.S. Patents 3,159,581; 3,213,030; 3,422,021; 3,400,148 and 3,422,137) can also be used.
  • the detergent compositions herein may optionally contain bleaching agents or bleaching compositions containing a bleaching agent and one or more bleach activators.
  • bleaching agents will typically be at levels of from about 1% to about 30%, more typically from about 5% to about 20%, of the detergent composition, especially for fabric laundering. If present, the amount of bleach activators will typically be from about 0.1% to about 60%, more typically from about 0.5% to about 40% of the bleaching composition comprising the bleaching agent-plus-bleach activator.
  • the bleaching agents used herein can be any of the bleaching agents useful for detergent compositions in textile cleaning, hard surface cleaning, or other cleaning purposes that are now known or become known. These include oxygen bleaches as well as other bleaching agents.
  • Perborate bleaches e.g., sodium perborate (e.g-» mono- or tetra-hydrate) can be used herein.
  • bleaching agent that can be used without restriction encompasses percarboxylic acid bleaching agents and salts thereof. Suitable examples of this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, the magnesium salt of meta-chloro perbenzoic acid, 4-nonylamino-4-oxoperoxybutyric acid and diperoxydodecanedioic acid. Such bleaching agents are dis ⁇ closed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781, Hartman, issued November 20,
  • Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551, issued January 6, 1987 to Burns et al.
  • Peroxygen bleaching agents can also be used. Suitable peroxygen bleaching compounds include sodium carbonate peroxy- hydrate and equivalent "percarbonate” bleaches, sodium pyrophos ⁇ phate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium peroxide. Persulfate bleach (e.g., OXONE, manufactured commercially by DuPont) can also be used.
  • Mixtures of bleaching agents can also be used.
  • Peroxygen bleaching agents, the perborates, the percarbon- ates, etc. are preferably combined with bleach activators, which lead to the in situ production in aqueous solution (i.e., during the washing process) of the peroxy acid corresponding to the bleach activator.
  • bleach activators Various nonli iting examples of activators are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,915,854, issued April 10, 1990 to Mao et al, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934.
  • NOBS nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate
  • TAED tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
  • Bleaching agents other than oxygen bleaching agents are also known in the art and can be utilized herein.
  • One type of non- oxygen bleaching agent of particular interest includes photo- activated bleaching agents such as the sulfonated zinc and/or aluminum phthalocyanines. See U.S. Patent 4,033,718, issued July 5, 1977 to Holcombe et al. If used, detergent compositions will typically contain from about 0.025% to about 1.25%, by weight, of such bleaches, especially sulfonated zinc phthalocyanine.
  • Polymeric Soil Release Agent Any polymeric soil release agent known to those skilled in the art can optionally be employed in the compositions and processes of this invention.
  • Polymeric soil release agents are characterized by having both hydrophilic segments, to hydrophilize the surface of hydrophobic fibers, such as polyester and nylon, and hydrophobic segments, to deposit upon hydrophobic fibers and remain adhered thereto through completion of washing and rinsing cycles and, thus, serve as an anchor for the hydrophilic segments. This can enable stains occurring subsequent to treatment with the soil release agent to be more easily cleaned in later washing procedures.
  • the polymeric soil release agents useful herein especially include those soil release agents having: (a) one or more nonionic hydrophile components consisting essentially of (i) polyoxyethylene segments with a degree of polymerization of at least 2, or (ii) oxypropylene or polyoxypropylene segments with a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 10, wherein said hydrophile segment does not encompass any oxypropylene unit unless it is bonded to adjacent moieties at each end by ether linkages, or (iii) a mixture of oxyalkylene units comprising oxyethylene and from 1 to about 30 oxypropylene units wherein said mixture con ⁇ tains a sufficient amount of oxyethylene units such that the hydrophile component has hydrophilicity great enough to increase the hydrophilicity of conventional polyester synthetic fiber surfaces upon deposit of the soil release agent on such surface, said hydrophile segments preferably comprising at least about 25% oxyethylene units and more preferably, especially for such compon ⁇ ents having about 20 to 30 oxypropylene units, at
  • the polyoxyethylene segments of (a)(i) will have a degree of polymerization of from 2 to about 200, although higher levels can be used, preferably from 3 to about 150, more prefer ⁇ ably from 6 to about 100.
  • Suitable oxy C4-C6 alkylene hydrophobe segments include, but are not limited to, end-caps of polymeric soil release agents such as ⁇ 3S(CH2)nOCH2CH2 ⁇ -, where M is sodium and n is an integer from 4-6, as disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,721,580, issued January 26, 1988 to Gosselink.
  • Polymeric soil release agents useful in the present invention also include cellulosic derivatives such as hydroxyether cellu- losic polymers, copolymeric blocks of ethylene terephthalate or propylene terephthalate with polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide terephthalate, and the like. Such agents are commercially available and include hydroxyethers of cellulose such as METHOCEL (Dow). Cellulosic soil release agents for use herein also include those selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 alkyl and C4 hydroxyalkyl cellulose; see U.S. Patent 4,000,093, issued December 28, 1976 to Nicol, et al .
  • Soil release agents characterized by poly(vinyl ester) hydrophobe segments include graft copolymers of poly(vinyl ester), e.g., C1-C6 vinyl esters, preferably poly(vinyl acetate) grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones, such as polyethylene oxide backbones.
  • poly(vinyl ester) e.g., C1-C6 vinyl esters
  • poly(vinyl acetate) grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones such as polyethylene oxide backbones.
  • Commercially available soil release agents of this kind include the S0KALAN type of material, e.g., S0KALAN HP-22, available from BASF (West Germany).
  • One type of preferred soil release agent is a copolymer having random blocks of ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide (PEO) terephthalate.
  • the molecular weight of this polymeric soil release agent is in the range of from about 25,000 to about 55,000. See U.S. Patent 3,959,230 to Hays, issued May 25, 1976 and U.S. Patent 3,893,929 to Basadur issued July 8, 1975.
  • Another preferred polymeric soil release agent is a polyester with repeat units of ethylene terephthalate units containing 10-15% by weight of ethylene terephthalate units together with 90-80% by weight of polyoxyethylene terephthalate units, derived from a polyoxyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 300-5,000. Examples of this polymer include the commercially available material ZELC0N 5126 (from Dupont) and MILEASE T (from ICI). See also U.S. Patent 4,702,857, issued October 27, 1987 to Gosselink.
  • Another preferred polymeric soil release agent is a sulfonated product of a substantially linear ester oligomer comprised of an oligomeric ester backbone of terephthaloyl and oxyalkyleneoxy repeat units and terminal moieties covalently attached to the backbone.
  • Suitable polymeric soil release agents include the terephthalate polyesters of U.S. Patent 4,711,730, issued December 8, 1987 to Gosselink et al, the anionic end-capped oligomeric esters of U.S. Patent 4,721,580, issued January 26, 1988 to Gosselink, and the block polyester oligomeric compounds of U.S. Patent 4,702,857, issued October 27, 1987 to Gosselink.
  • Preferred polymeric soil release agents also include the soil release agents of U.S. Patent 4,877,896, issued October 31, 1989 to Maldonado et al, which discloses anionic, especially sulfo- aroyl, end-capped terephthalate esters.
  • soil release agents will generally comprise from about 0.01% to about 10.0%, by weight, of the detergent composi- tions herein, typically from about 0.1% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 3.0%.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain one or more iron and/or manganese chelating agents.
  • chelating agents can be selected from the group consisting of amino carboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents and mixtures therein, all as hereinafter defined. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the benefit of these materials is due in part to their exceptional ability to remove iron and manganese ions from washing solutions by formation of soluble chelates.
  • Amino carboxylates useful as optional chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetates, N-hydroxyethylethylenedi- aminetriacetates, nitrilotriacetates, ethylenediamine tetrapropri- onates, triethylenetetraaminehexaacetates, diethylenetriamine- pentaacetates, and ethanoldiglycines, alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein.
  • Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of the invention when at least low levels of total phosphorus are permitted in detergent compositions, and include ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephos- phonates), nitrilotris (methylenephosphonates) and diethylenetri- a inepentakis (methylenephosphonates) as DEQUEST.
  • these amino phosphonates do not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. Patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to Connor et al.
  • Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobenzenes such as 1,2-dihydroxy -3,5-disulfobenzene.
  • a preferred biodegradable chelator for use herein is ethyl- enediamine disuccinate ("EDDS"), as described in U.S. Patent 4,704,233, November 3, 1987, to Hart an and Perkins.
  • EDDS ethyl- enediamine disuccinate
  • these chelating agents will generally comprise from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the detergent composi ⁇ tions herein. More preferably, if utilized, the chelating agents will comprise from about 0.1% to about 3.0% by weight of such compositions.
  • compositions of the present invention can also optionally contain water-soluble ethoxylated amines having clay soil removal and anti-redeposition properties.
  • Granular detergent compositions which contain these compounds typically contain from about 0.01% to about 10.0% by weight of the water-soluble ethoxylated amines; liquid detergent compositions typically contain about 0.01% to about 5%.
  • the most preferred soil release and anti-redeposition agent is ethoxylated tetraethylenepentamine. Exemplary ethoxylated amines are further described in U.S. Patent 4,597,898, VanderMeer, issued July 1, 1986.
  • Another group of preferred clay soil removal/antiredeposition agents are the cationic compounds dis ⁇ closed in European Patent Application 111,965, Oh and Gosselink, published June 27, 1984.
  • Other clay soil removal/antiredeposition agents which can be used include the ethoxylated amine polymers disclosed in European Patent Application 111,984, Gosselink, published June 27, 1984; the zwitterionic polymers disclosed in European Patent Application 112,592, Gosselink, published July 4, 1984; and the amine oxides disclosed in U.S.
  • CMC carboxy methyl cellulose
  • Polymeric Dispersing Agents can advantageously be utilized at levels from about 0.1% to about 7%, by weight, in the compositions herein, especially in the presence of zeolite and/or layered silicate builders.
  • Suitable polymeric dispersing agents include polymeric polycarboxylates and poly ⁇ ethylene glycols, although others known in the art can also be used. It is believed, though it is not intended to be limited by theory, that polymeric dispersing agents enhance overall detergent builder performance, when used in combination with other builders (including lower molecular weight polycarboxylates) by crystal growth inhibition, particulate soil release peptization, and anti-redeposition.
  • Polymeric polycarboxylate materials can be prepared by polymerizing or copolymerizing suitable unsaturated monomers, preferably in their acid form.
  • Unsaturated monomeric acids that can be polymerized to form suitable polymeric polycarboxylates include acrylic acid, maleic acid (or maleic anhydride), fumaric acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, esaconic acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid.
  • the presence in the polymeric polycarboxylates herein of monomeric segments, containing no carboxylate radicals such as vinylmethyl ether, styrene, ethylene, etc. is suitable provided that such segments do not constitute more than about 40% by weight.
  • Particularly suitable polymeric polycarboxylates can be derived from acrylic acid.
  • acrylic acid-based polymers which are useful herein are the water-soluble salts of polymerized acrylic acid.
  • the average molecular weight of such polymers in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2,000 to 10,000, more preferably from about 4,000 to 7,000 and most preferably from about 4,000 to 5,000.
  • Water-soluble salts of such acrylic acid polymers can include, for example, the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts. Soluble polymers of this type are known materials. Use of polyacrylates of this type in detergent compositions has been disclosed, for example, in Diehl, U.S. Patent 3,308,067, issued March 7, 1967.
  • Acrylic/maleic-based copolymers may also be used as a pre ⁇ ferred component of the dispersing/anti-redeposition agent.
  • Such materials include the water-soluble salts of copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid.
  • the average molecular weight of such copolymers in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2,000 to 100,000, more preferably from about 5,000 to 75,000, most prefer ⁇ ably from about 7,000 to 65,000.
  • the ratio of acrylate to maleate segments in such copolymers will generally range from about 30:1 to about 1:1, more preferably from about 10:1 to 2:1.
  • Water- soluble salts of such acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymers can include, for example, the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts.
  • Soluble acrylate/maleate copolymers of this type are known materials which are described in European Patent Appli ⁇ cation No. 66915, published December 15, 1982.
  • Another polymeric material which can be included is poly ⁇ ethylene glycol (PEG).
  • PEG can exhibit dispersing agent perform ⁇ ance as well as act as a clay soil removal/antiredeposition agent.
  • Typical molecular weight ranges for these purposes range from about 500 to about 100,000, preferably from about 1,000 to about 50,000, more preferably from about 1,500 to about 10,000.
  • Polyaspartate and polyglutamate dispersing agents may also be used, especially in conjunction with zeolite builders.
  • Briohtener Any optical brighteners or other brightening or whitening agents known in the art can be incorporated at levels typically from about 0.05% to about 1.2%, by weight, into the detergent compositions herein.
  • Commercial optical brighteners which may be useful in the present invention can be classified into subgroups which include, but are not necessarily limited to, derivatives of stilbene, pyrazoline, coumarin, carboxylic acid, methinecyanines, dibenzothiphene-5,5-dioxide, azoles, 5- and 6-membered-ring heterocycles, and other miscellaneous agents. Examples of such brighteners are disclosed in "The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening Agents", M.
  • optical brighteners which are useful in the present compositions are those identified in U.S. Patent 4,790,856, issued to Wixon on December 13, 1988. These brighten ⁇ ers include the PH0RWHITE series of brighteners from Verona.
  • Tinopal UNPA Tinopal CBS and Tinopal 5BM
  • Ciba-Geigy available from Ciba-Geigy
  • Arctic White CC available from Hilton-Davis, located in Italy
  • 2-(4-styryl-phenyl)-2H- naphthol[1,2-d]- triazoles 4,4'-bis- (l,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-stil- benes
  • 4,4'-bis- (styryl)bisphenyls and the aminocoumarins.
  • these brighteners include 4-methyl-7-diethyl- amino coumarin; l,2-bis(-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethylene; 1,3-diphenylphrazolines; 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene; 2-styryl-naphth-[l,2-d]oxazole; and 2-(stilbene-4-yl)-2H-naphtho- [l,2-d]triazole. See also U.S. Patent 3,646,015, issued February 29, 1972 to Hamilton.
  • Suds Suppressors - Compounds for reducing or suppressing the formation of suds can be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention. Suds suppression can be of particular import- ance under conditions such as those found in European-style front loading laundry washing machines, or in the concentrated deter ⁇ gency process of U.S. Patents 4,489,455 and 4,489,574, or when the detergent compositions herein optionally include a relatively high sudsing adjunct surfactant.
  • a wide variety of materials may be used as suds suppressors, and suds suppressors are well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, Volume 7, pages 430-447 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1979).
  • suds suppressor of particular interest encompasses onocarboxylic fatty acids and soluble salts therein. See U.S. Patent 2,954,347, issued September 27, 1960 to Wayne St. John.
  • the monocarboxylic fatty acids and salts thereof used as suds suppressor typically have hydrocarbyl chains of 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable salts include the alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium salts, and ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also contain non- surfactant suds suppressors.
  • non- surfactant suds suppressors include, for example: high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as paraffin, fatty acid esters (e.g., fatty acid triglycerides), fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols, aliphatic C18-C40 ketones (e.g. stearone), etc.
  • suds inhibitors include N-alkylated amino triazines such as tri- to hexa-alkylmelamines or di- to tetra-alkyldiamine chlortriazines formed as products of cyanuric chloride with two or three moles of a primary or secondary amine containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, propylene oxide, and monostearyl phosphates such as monostearyl alcohol phosphate ester and monostearyl di-alkali metal (e.g. K, Na, and Li) phosphates and phosphate esters.
  • the hydrocarbons such as paraffin and haloparaffin can be utilized in liquid form.
  • the liquid hydrocarbons will be liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and will have a pour point in the range of about -40 * C and about 5 * C, and a minimum boiling point not less than about 110 * C (atmospheric pressure). It is also known to utilize waxy hydrocarbons, preferrably having a melting point below about lOO'C.
  • the hydrocarbons constitute a preferred category of suds suppressor for detergent compositions. Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,265,779, issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et al .
  • the hydrocarbons thus, include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons having from about 12 to about 70 carbon atoms.
  • the term "paraffin,” as used in this suds suppressor discussion, is intended to include mixtures of true paraffins and cyclic hydrocarbons.
  • Non-surfactant suds suppressors comprises silicone suds suppressors.
  • This category includes the use of polyorganosiloxane oils, such as polydimethylsiloxane, dispersions or emulsions of polyorganosiloxane oils or resins, and combinations of polyorganosiloxane with silica particles wherein the polyorganosiloxane is chemisorbed of fused onto the silica.
  • Silicone suds suppressors are well known in the art and are, for example, disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,265,779, issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et al and European Patent Application No. 89307851.9, published February 7, 1990, by Starch, M. S.
  • An exemplary silicone based suds suppressor for use herein is a suds suppressing amount of a suds controlling agent consisting essentially of:
  • polydimethylsiloxane fluid having a viscosity of from about 20 cs. to about 1500 cs. at 25 * C; (ii) from about 5 to about 50 parts per 100 parts by weight of (i) of siloxane resin composed of (CH3)3 SiO ⁇ 2 units of Si ⁇ 2 units in a ratio of from (CH3>3 SiO ⁇ /2 units and to Si ⁇ 2 units of from about 0.6:1 to about 1.2:1; and
  • the solvent for a continuous phase is made up of certain polyethylene glycols or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol copolymers or mixtures thereof (preferred), and not polypropylene glycol.
  • the primary silicone suds suppressor is branched/crosslinked and not linear.
  • typical liquid laundry detergent compositions with controlled suds will optionally comprise from about 0.001 to about 1, preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.7, most preferably from abut 0.05 to about 0.5, weight
  • said silicone suds suppressor which comprises (1) a nonaqueous emulsion of a primary antifoam agent which is a mixture of (a) a polyorganosiloxane, (b) a resinous siloxane or a silicone resin-producing silicone compound, (c) a finely divided filler material, and (d) a catalyst to promote the reaction of mixture components (a), (b) and (c), to form silanolates; (2) at least one nonionic silicone surfactant; and (3) polyethylene glycol or a copolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol having a solubility in water at room temperature of more than about 2 weight %; and without polypropylene glycol. Similar amounts can be used in granular compositions, gels, etc. See also U.S. Patents 4,978,471, Starch, issued December 18, 1990, and 4,983,316,
  • the silicone suds suppressor herein preferably comprises polyethylene glycol and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/poly- propylene glycol, all having an average molecular weight of less than about 1,000, preferably between about 100 and 800.
  • the polyethylene glycol and polyethylene/polypropylene copolymers herein have a solubility in water at room temperature of more than about 2 weight %, preferably more than about 5 weight %.
  • the preferred solvent herein is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of less than about 1,000, more preferably between about 100 and 800, most preferably between 200 and 400, and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol, preferably PPG 200/PEG 300.
  • Preferred is a weight ratio of between about 1:1 and 1:10, most preferably between 1:3 and 1:6, of polyethylene glycol:copolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol.
  • the preferred silicone suds suppressors used herein do not contain polypropylene glycol, particularly of 4,000 molecular weight. They also preferably do not contain block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, like PLUR0NIC L101.
  • Other suds suppressors useful herein comprise the secondary alcohols (e.g., 2-alkyl alkanols) and mixtures of such alcohols with silicone oils, such as the silicones disclosed in U.S. 4,798,679, 4,075,118 and EP 150,872.
  • the secondary alcohols include the C6-Ci6 alkyl alcohols having a C1-C 6 chain.
  • a preferred alcohol is 2-butyl octanol, which is available from Condea under the trademark IS0F0L 12.
  • Mixtures of secondary alcohols are available under the trademark ISALCHEM 123 from Enichem.
  • Mixed suds suppressors typically comprise mixtures of alcohol -1- silicone at a weight ratio of 1:5 to 5:1.
  • suds should not form to the extent that they overflow the washing machine.
  • -Suds suppressors when utilized, are preferably present in a "suds suppressing amount.”
  • Suds suppressing amount is meant that the formulator of the composition can select an amount of this suds controlling agent that will sufficiently control the suds to result in a low-sudsing laundry detergent for use in automatic laundry washing machines.
  • the compositions herein will generally comprise from 0% to about 5% of suds suppressor.
  • monocarboxylic fatty acids, and salts therein When utilized as suds suppressors, monocarboxylic fatty acids, and salts therein, will be present typically in amounts up to about 5%, by weight, of the detergent composition. Preferably, from about 0.5% to about 3% of fatty monocarboxylate suds suppressor is utilized. Silicone suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts up to about 2.0%, by weight, of the detergent composition, although higher amounts may be used. This upper limit is practical in nature, due pri arly to concern with keeping costs minimized and effectiveness of lower amounts for effectively controlling sudsing. Preferably from about 0.01% to about 1% of silicone suds suppressor is used, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 0.5%.
  • these weight percentage values include any silica that may be utilized in combination with polyorganosiloxane, as well as any adjunct materials that may be utilized.
  • Monostearyl phosphate suds suppressors are generally utilized in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 2%, by weight, of the composition.
  • Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 5.0%, although higher levels can be used.
  • the alcohol suds suppressors are typically used at 0.2%-3% by weight of the finished compositions
  • compositions herein can also be used with a variety of other adjunct ingredi- ents which provide still other benefits in various compositions within the scope of this invention.
  • the following illustrates a variety of such adjunct ingredients, but is not intended to be limiting therein.
  • Fabric Softeners Various through-the-wash fabric softeners, especially the impalpable smectite clays of U.S. Patent 4,062,647, Storm and Nirschl, issued December 13, 1977, as well as other softener clays known in the art, can optionally be used typically at levels of from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight in the present compositions to provide fabric softener benefits concurrently with fabric cleaning.
  • Clay softeners can be used in combination with amine and cationic softeners, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,375,416, Crisp et al, March 1, 1983 and U.S. Patent 4,291,071, Harris et al, issued September 22, 1981.
  • Adjunct Surfactants can optionally contain various anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, etc. surfactants. If used, such adjunct surfactants are typically present at levels of from about 5% to about 35% of the compositions. However, it is to be understood that the incorporation of adjunct anionic surfactants is entirely optional herein, inasmuch as the cleaning performance of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates is excellent and these materials can be used to entirely replace such surfactants as the alkyl benzene sulfonates in fully-formulated detergent compositions.
  • Nonlimiting examples of optional surfactants useful herein include the conventional Cn-C ⁇ alkyl benzene sulfonates and primary and random alkyl sulfates (having due regard for the enzyme stability issues noted above), the Cio-Ci ⁇ alkyl alkoxy sulfates (especially EO 1-5 ethoxy sulfates), Cjo-Ci ⁇ alkyl alkoxy carboxylates (especially the EO 1-5 ethoxycarboxylates), the C10-C18 alkyl polyglycosides and their corresponding sulfated polyglycosides, C1 -C18 alpha-sulfonated fatty acid esters, C12-C18 alkyl and alkyl phenol alkoxylates (especially ethoxylates and mixed ethoxy/propoxy), C12-C 8 betaines and sulfobetaines ("sultaines”), Cio-Ci ⁇ amine oxides, and the like. Other conven
  • adjunct nonionic surfactants especially useful herein comprises the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula:
  • R* is H, Ci-C ⁇ hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy- propyl, or a mixture thereof, preferably C1-C4 alkyl, more prefer- ably Ci or C2 alkyl, most preferably Ci alkyl (i.e., methyl); and R2 is a C5-C32 hydrocarbyl moiety, preferably straight chain C7-C19 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain C9-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C ⁇ -Cig alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 2 (in the case of glyceraldehyde) or at least 3 hydroxyls (in the case of other reducing sugars) directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxy
  • Z preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive a ination reaction; more preferably Z is a glycityl moiety.
  • Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, annose, and xylose, as well as glyceraldehyde.
  • high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials.
  • Z preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH2-(CH0H) n -CH20H, -CH(CH20H)-(CH0H) n -l- CH2OH, -CH2-(CH0H)2(CH0R')(CH0H)-CH20H, where n is an integer from 1 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic mono- or poly- saccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly -CH2-(CH0H)4-CH20H.
  • Rl can be, for example, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-isopropyl, N-butyl, N-isobutyl, N-2-hydroxy ethyl, or N-2-hydroxy propyl.
  • Rl is preferably methyl or hydroxyal yl.
  • Rl is preferably C2-C8 alkyl, especially n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, pentyl, hexyi and 2-ethyl hexyl.
  • R2-C0-N ⁇ can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, caprica ide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc. While polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can be made by the process of Schwartz, U.S. 2,703,798, contamination with cyclized by-products and other colored materials can be problematic. As an overall proposition, the preparative methods described in WO-9,206,154 and WO-9,206,984 will afford high quality polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.
  • the methods comprise reacting N-alkylamino polyols with, preferably, fatty acid methyl esters in a solvent using an alkoxide catalyst at temperatures of about 85 * C to provide high yields (90-98%) of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides having desirable low levels (typically, less than about 1.0%) of sub-optimally degradable cyclized by-products and also with improved color and improved color stability, e.g., Gardner Colors below about 4, preferably between 0 and 2.
  • any unreacted N-alkylamino polyol remaining in the product can be acylated with an acid anhydride, e.g., acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, or the like, to minimize the overall level of such residual amines in the product.
  • an acid anhydride e.g., acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, or the like.
  • Resi ⁇ dual sources of classical fatty acids, which can suppress suds can be depleted by reaction with, for example, triethano amine.
  • cyclized by-products herein is meant the undesirable reaction by-products of the primary reaction wherein it appears that the multiple hydroxyl groups in the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can form ring structures which are, in the main, not readily biodegradable. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the chemical arts that the preparation of the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides herein using the di- and higher saccharides such as maltose will result in the formation of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides wherein linear substituent Z (which contains multiple hydroxy substituents) is naturally "capped” by a polyhydroxy ring structure. Such materials are not cyclized by-products, as defined herein.
  • polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can also be sulfated, e.g., by reaction with S ⁇ 3/pyridine, and the resulting sulfated material used as an adjunct anionic surfactant herein.
  • SAS secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates
  • PFAS polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants
  • AE alkyl ethoxylate surfactants
  • AS primary alkyl sulfate surfactants
  • ingredients useful in detergent compositions can be included in the composi- tions herein, including other active ingredients, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, dyes or pigments, solvents for liquid formulations, etc.
  • suds boosters such as the C1 -C16 alkanolamides can be incorporated into the compositions, typically at 1%-10% levels.
  • the C10-C14 monoethanol and diethanol amides illustrate a typical class of such suds boosters.
  • Use of such suds boosters with high sudsing adjunct surfactants such as the amine oxides, betaines and sultaines noted above is also advantageous.
  • soluble magnesium salts such as MgCl2, MgS04, and the like, can be added at levels of, typically, 0.1%-2%, to provide additional sudsing.
  • Various detersive ingredients employed in the present compo ⁇ sitions optionally can be further stabilized by absorbing said ingredients onto a porous hydrophobic substrate, then coating said substrate with a hydrophobic coating.
  • the detersive ingredient is admixed with a surfactant before being absorbed into the porous substrate.
  • the detersive ingredient is released from the substrate into the aqueous washing liquor, where it performs its intended detersive function.
  • a porous hydro- phobic silica (trademark SIPERNAT D10, DeGussa) is admixed with a proteolytic enzyme solution containing 3%-5% of C13-15 ethoxylated alcohol E0(7) nonionic surfactant.
  • the enzyme/surfact ⁇ ant solution is 2.5 X the weight of silica.
  • the resulting powder is dispersed with stirring in silicone oil (various silicone oil viscosities in the range of 500-12,500 can be used).
  • silicone oil various silicone oil viscosities in the range of 500-12,500 can be used.
  • the result ⁇ ing silicone oil dispersion is emulsified or otherwise added to the final detergent matrix.
  • ingredients such as the aforementioned enzymes, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, photoactivators, dyes, fluorescers, fabric conditioners and hydrolyzable surfactants can be "protected” for use in deter ⁇ gents, including liquid laundry detergent compositions.
  • Liquid detergent compositions can contain water and other solvents as carriers.
  • Low molecular weight primary or secondary alcohols exemplified by ethanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopro ⁇ panol are suitable.
  • Monohydric alcohols are preferred for solu- bilizing surfactant, but polyols such as those containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and from 2 to about 6 hydroxy groups (e.g., 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, glycerine, and 1,2- propanediol) can also be used.
  • the compositions may contain from 5% to 90%, typically 10% to 50% of such carriers.
  • the detergent compositions herein will preferably be formu ⁇ lated such that, during use in aqueous cleaning operations, the wash water will have a pH of between about 6.5 and about 11, preferably between about 7.5 and about 10.5.
  • Liquid dishwashing product formulations preferably have a pH between about 6.8 and about 9.0.
  • Laundry products are typically at pH 9-11. Techniques for controlling pH at recommended usage levels include the use of buffers, alkalis, acids, etc., and are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the liquid laundry detergent of Example I is prepared by dissolving or dispersing the indicated ingredients in an aqueous carrier and adjusting the pH in the range of 9.0-10.5.
  • a liquid laundry detergent composition herein comprises the following.
  • particulate detergents herein comprising the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactants can be prepared using a variety of well-known processes.
  • particles can be formed by agglomeration, wherein solids (including the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates) are forced/hurled together by physical mixing and held together by a binder.
  • Suitable apparatus for agglomeration includes dry powder mixers, fluid beds and turbilizers, available from manufacturers such as L ⁇ dige, Eric, Bepex and Aeromatic.
  • particles can be formed by extrusion.
  • solids such as the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates are forced together by pumping a damp powder at relatively high pressures and high energy inputs through small holes in a die plate.
  • This process results in rod like particles which can be divided into any desired particle size.
  • Apparatus includes axial or radial extruders such as those available from Fuji, Bepex and Teledyne/Readco.
  • particles can be formed by prilling.
  • a liquid mixture containing the desired ingredients i.e., one of them being secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate particles
  • the desired ingredients i.e., one of them being secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate particles
  • the liquid droplets cool they become more solid and thus the particles are formed.
  • the solidification can occur due to the phase change of a molten binder to a solid or through hydration of free ois- ture into crystalline bound moisture by some hydratable material in the original liquid mixture.
  • particles can be formed by compaction. This method is similar to tablet formation processes, wherein solids (i.e., secondary [2,3] alkyl sulfate particles) are forced together by compressing the powder feed into a die/mold on rollers or flat sheets.
  • solids i.e., secondary [2,3] alkyl sulfate particles
  • particles can be formed by melt/solidifica ⁇ tion.
  • particles are formed by melting the second ⁇ ary (2,3) alkyl sulfate with any desired additional ingredient and allowing the melt to cool, e.g., in a mold or as droplets.
  • Binders can optionally be used in the foregoing methods to enhance particle integrity and strength.
  • Water alone, is an operative binder with secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates, since it will dissolve some of the secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate to provide a binding function.
  • Other binders include, for example, starches, polyacrylates, carboxymethylcellulose and the like. Binders are well-known in the particle making literature. If used, binders are typically employed at levels of 0.1%-5% by weight of the finished particles.
  • fillers such as hydratable and nonhydratable salts, crystalline and glassy solids, various detersive ingredi ⁇ ents such as zeolites and the like, can be incorporated in the particles. If used, such fillers typically comprise up to about 20% by weight of the particles.
  • Particles prepared in the foregoing manner can be subse ⁇ quently dried or cooled to adjust their strength, physical proper ⁇ ties and final moisture content, according to the desires of the formulator.
  • the preferred overall making process for particulate products herein involves three distinct Steps: (1) agglomeration of the ingredients to form the base formula, followed by; (2) admixing various ingredients with the agglomerates formed in Step (1) (e.g., percarbonate bleach, bleach activators, and the like); and optionally, but preferably, (3) spraying materials such as perfume onto the final mix.
  • Step (1) agglomeration of the ingredients to form the base formula, followed by; (2) admixing various ingredients with the agglomerates formed in Step (1) (e.g., percarbonate bleach, bleach activators, and the like); and optionally, but preferably, (3) spraying materials such as perfume onto the final mix.
  • the base formula is agglomerated as opposed to spray dried in order to prevent degradation of some of the heat sensitive surfactants.
  • the resulting product is a high density (ranging from 600 g/liter - 800 g/liter) free flowing detergent mix that can be used in place of current spray dried laundry detergents.
  • Step 1 this procedure is comprised of four Steps: ' (A) preparing a surfactant paste using mixers such as the
  • Step A Preparation of Surfactant Paste -
  • the objective is to combine the surfactants and liquids in the compositions into a common mix in order to aid in surfactant solubilization and agglomeration.
  • the surfactants and other liquid components in the composition are mixed together in a Sigma Mixer at 140*F (60 * C) at about 40 rpm to about 75 rpm for a period of from 15 minutes to about 30 minutes to provide a paste having the general consistency of 20,000-40,000 centipoise.
  • the paste is stored at 140 * F (60 * C) until agglomeration Step (B) is ready to be conducted.
  • the ingredients used in this Step include surfactants, acrylate/maleic polymer (m.w. 70,000) and polyethylene glycol "PEG" 4000-8000.
  • Step B Agglomeration of Powders with Surfactant Paste -
  • the purpose of this Step is to transform the base formula ingredients into flowable detergent particles having a medium particle size range of from about 300 microns to about 600 microns.
  • the powders including materials such as zeolite, citrate, citric acid builder, layered silicate builder (as SKS-6), sodium carbonate, ethylenediaminedisuccinate, magnesium sulfate and optical brightener
  • the Eirich Mixer R-Series
  • mixed briefly ⁇ ca. 5 seconds - 10 seconds at about 1500 rpm to about 3000 rpm in order to mix the various dry powders fully.
  • the surfactant paste from Step A is then charged into the mixer and the mixing is continued at about 1500 rpm to about 3000 rpm for a period from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes, preferably 1-3 minutes, at ambient temperature.
  • the mixing is stopped when coarse agglomerates (average particle size 800-1600 microns) are formed.
  • Step C The purpose of this Step is to reduce the agglomer ⁇ ates' stickiness by removing/drying moisture and to aid in particle size reduction to the target particle size (in the median size range from about 300 to about 600 microns, as measured by sieve analysis).
  • the wet agglomerates are charged into a fluidized bed at an air stream temperature of from about 41*C to about 60 * C and dried to a final moisture content of the particles from about 4% to about 10%.
  • Step D Coat Agglomerates and Add Free-Flow Aids -
  • the objective in this Step is to achieve the final target particle size range of from about 300 microns to about 600 microns, and to admix materials which coat the agglomerates, reduce the caking/lumping tendency of the particles and help maintain acceptable flowability.
  • the dried agglomerates from Step C are charged into the Eirich Mixer (R-Series) and mixed at a rate of about 1500 rpm to about 3000 rpm while adding 2-6% Zeolite A (median particle size 2-5 ⁇ m) during the mixing.
  • the mixing is continued until the desired median particle size of from about 1200 to about 400 microns is achieved (typically from about 5 seconds to about 45 seconds). At this point, from about 0.1% to about 1.5% by weight of precipitated silica (average particle size 1-3 microns) is added as a flow aid and the mixing is stopped.
  • a concentrated, heavy duty, low-sudsing liquid laundry detergent is as follows. Ingredient % fwt.)
  • a laundry bar suitable for hand-washing soiled fabrics is prepared by standard extrusion processes and comprises the following: Ingredient % (Wt. l
  • ⁇ Can be selected from convenient materials such as CaC03, talc, clay, silicates, and the like.
  • Gel compositions are as follows. To 0.8 grams of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 grams of Ca formate and 6.7 grams of cocoamido propyl betaine (30% active, Albright- Wilson, United Kingdom) dissolved in 25 grams of water, 8 grams of C91-8T Dobanol (100% active, Shell, USA), 1.00 grams of boric acid and 20 grams of urea (99% active, Fisher Scientific, USA) are added and mixed at 71-74'C. Once a homogeneous mixture is obtained, 8 grams of 97.6% active coconut N-methyl glucamide and
  • the final liquid product forms a gel on cooling.
  • a gel is provided without urea.
  • a solution formed by dissolving 0.002 grams of blue dye in 42 grams of water at 62'C 0.25 grams of MgS04, 0.25 grams of CaCl2, 0.50 grams of perfume and 35% of 50% coconutalkyl C12-C14 N-methyl glucamide paste are added with agitation. Once all the materials are dissolved, 21 grams of an 80% sodium C12-14 secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate paste is added. The solution is stirred for an additional 30 minutes at 77 * C. At about 40'C, 0.5 grams of a commercial detersive protease composition is added and stirring is continued. Once stirring is stopped, the viscous liquid quickly solidifies into a gel after cooling.
  • a granular detergent herein comprises the following.
  • Example VII The compositions of Example I and II are modified by including 0.5% of a commercial amylase preparation (TERMAMYL) therein.
  • TERMAMYL commercial amylase preparation
  • Ci6 secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate Na 1 66..9922 9.00 7.60 Ci6/18 primary alkyl sulfate 2.05 3.00 1.30 C12-C15 alkyl ethoxy (1-3) sulfate 0.17 0.40 0.10 C14-C15 alkyl ethoxylate (E07) 4.02 5.00 1.30 C16-C18 AE11 alkyl ethoxylate (E011) 1.10 1.40 1.10 C16-C18 AE25 alkyl ethoxylate (E025) 0.85 - _ 0.66 Dimethylmonoethoxy C12-14 alkylam onium chloride -- -- 1.40
  • Weight ratios of Ca or Mg cationssecondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates are preferably near about stoichiometric, and are conveniently in the range of about 1:16 to about 1:30, but higher and lower ratios may be used. It will be appreciated that higher ratios may negatively impact the formulatability of liquids and gels, but may be acceptable in some instances. Lower ratios, in the range of 1:300, still provide benefits in overall product formulations.
  • compositions can also optionally contain various adjunct cationic surfactants and mixtures of cationic and nonionic adjunct surfactants.
  • Useful cationics include the Cio-Cis alkyl trimethylammonium halides, the C10-C18 alkyl dimethyl (Ci-C ⁇ ) hydroxyalkylammonium halides, C10-C18 choline esters, and the like. If used, such cationic surfactants can typically comprise from 1% to 15% by weight of the compositions herein.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Il s'est avéré que des compositions détergentes contenant des enzymes et du calcium, ou des ions de magnésium, devenaient plus stables lorsque du benzènesulphonate d'alkyle ou des sulfates primaires d'alkyle traditionnellement utilisés comme tensioactifs étaient remplacés par des sulfates secondaires d'alkyle (2,3). L'invention porte donc sur des compositions détergentes pour le linge comprenant un sulfate secondaire d'alkyle (2,3), une source d'ions calciques ou d'ions de magnésium, et une ou plusieurs enzymes détergentes, telles que la protéase, la cellulase, l'amylase, la lipase ou la péroxidase.
EP94914033A 1993-04-08 1994-04-05 Tensioactifs de sulfates secondaires d'alkyle (2,3) se trouvant dans des compositions detergentes stables contenant des enzymes Withdrawn EP0693111A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US4574493A 1993-04-08 1993-04-08
US45744 1993-04-08
PCT/US1994/003698 WO1994024240A1 (fr) 1993-04-08 1994-04-05 Tensioactifs de sulfates secondaires d'alkyle (2,3) se trouvant dans des compositions detergentes stables contenant des enzymes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0693111A1 true EP0693111A1 (fr) 1996-01-24

Family

ID=21939638

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94914033A Withdrawn EP0693111A1 (fr) 1993-04-08 1994-04-05 Tensioactifs de sulfates secondaires d'alkyle (2,3) se trouvant dans des compositions detergentes stables contenant des enzymes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0693111A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08509012A (fr)
CN (1) CN1046954C (fr)
AU (1) AU6625694A (fr)
CA (1) CA2160228C (fr)
PE (1) PE10495A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994024240A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996028534A1 (fr) † 1995-03-11 1996-09-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition detergente comportant une source de peroxyde d'hydrogene et une protease
JP2000169897A (ja) * 1998-12-04 2000-06-20 Kao Corp 液体洗浄剤組成物
DE10011154A1 (de) 2000-03-07 2001-09-13 Mahle Gmbh Zylinderkopfeinheit mit Walzendrehschieber
US20020183226A1 (en) * 2001-02-28 2002-12-05 Chandrika Kasturi Liquid detergent composition exhibiting enhanced alpha-amylase enzyme stability
KR100966758B1 (ko) * 2002-03-01 2010-06-30 라이온 가부시키가이샤 제균처리 방법, 제균세정제 조성물 및 세탁 방법
CN100441746C (zh) * 2006-08-05 2008-12-10 王崇高 一种脱脂剂生产配方及其制作方法
CN102128821B (zh) * 2010-12-15 2012-05-30 中国铝业股份有限公司 一种测定4a沸石钙交换能力的方法
US20160312156A1 (en) * 2013-12-18 2016-10-27 Arkema Inc. Stable liquid compositions containing enzymes and peroxides
JP6786386B2 (ja) * 2014-05-30 2020-11-18 ライオン株式会社 液体洗浄剤
WO2016191237A1 (fr) 2015-05-22 2016-12-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Agent tensio-actif et compositions détergentes contenant de la glycérine éthoxylée

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE759360A (fr) * 1969-11-25 1971-05-24 Procter & Gamble Europ
GB1538747A (en) * 1975-07-17 1979-01-24 Shell Int Research Detergent compositions
GB1546127A (en) * 1976-11-18 1979-05-16 Shell Int Research Detergent compositions
AU528816B2 (en) * 1978-02-14 1983-05-12 Unilever Ltd. Detergent composotions
IT1129814B (it) * 1980-07-02 1986-06-11 Unilever Nv Composizione detergente enzimatica liquida
US4537706A (en) * 1984-05-14 1985-08-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid detergents containing boric acid to stabilize enzymes
GB8900023D0 (en) * 1989-01-03 1989-03-01 Shell Int Research Detergent composition

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9424240A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2160228A1 (fr) 1994-10-27
AU6625694A (en) 1994-11-08
CA2160228C (fr) 1999-05-11
CN1046954C (zh) 1999-12-01
WO1994024240A1 (fr) 1994-10-27
CN1124496A (zh) 1996-06-12
JPH08509012A (ja) 1996-09-24
PE10495A1 (es) 1995-05-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2148101C (fr) Compositions detergentes tres moussantes, renfermant des savons specialement selectionnes
US5531915A (en) Detergent compositions containing ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutaric acid or 2-hydroxypropylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid
CA2247947C (fr) Particules de sulfate alkyle secondaire possedant une meilleure solubilite grace a un processus de compactage/revetement
CA2248160C (fr) Preparation de particules de sulfate alkyle secondaire possedant une meilleure solubilite
AU683883B2 (en) Secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate surfactants in mixed surfactant particles
CA2160228C (fr) Surfactifs a base de sulfate d'alkyle secondaire (2,3) dans des compositions detergentes stables renfermant des enzymes
US5955418A (en) Secondary alkyl sulfate surfactant with improved solubility by kneading/extruding process
WO1994024238A1 (fr) Compositions detergentes
WO1996002601A1 (fr) Compositions solides d'activateurs de blanchiment
CA2160229C (fr) Compositions detergentes renfermant du magnesium, sous forme de liquide, de gel ou d'autres milieux stables, avec des surfactifs a base de sulfate d'alkyle secondaire (2,3)
WO1994024245A1 (fr) Purification de tensioacitfs constitues de sulfates d'alkyle (2, 3) secondaires
EP0693106A1 (fr) Tensioactifs a base de sulfates d'alkyle (2,3) secondaires servant a enrober des compositions detergentes granulaires a ecoulement libre
WO1994024244A1 (fr) Tensioactifs a base de sulfates secondaires d'alkyle (2,3) incorpores dans des compositions detergentes granulaires de masse volumique elevee
WO1994024246A1 (fr) Agents tensioactifs a base de sulfate d'alkyle (2,3) secondaire utilises dans des compositions detersives avec des amides d'acide gras polyhydroxy
CA2160227A1 (fr) Compositions detergentes renfermant du calcium, dans un liquide, gel ou autre forme stable, avec des surfactifs a base de sulfate d'alkyle secondaire (2,3)
CA2248263C (fr) Tensioactif secondaire alkyle sulfate presentant une meilleure solubilite grace a un procede de malaxage/extrusion
WO1994012598A1 (fr) Compositions nettoyantes comprenant des tensioactifs non ioniques/anioniques d'amides d'acide gras polyhydroxy melanges, a faible pouvoir moussant
EP0670886A1 (fr) Compositions detergentes contenant des amides d'acides gras polyhydroxy, des amides d'acides gras polyhydroxy sulfates et du savon

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19951013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19960401

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

18W Application withdrawn

Withdrawal date: 19970108