EP0691274B1 - Vorrichtung zum Verpacken von auf Kernen aufgewickelten, komprimierten Papierrollen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Verpacken von auf Kernen aufgewickelten, komprimierten Papierrollen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0691274B1
EP0691274B1 EP94202715A EP94202715A EP0691274B1 EP 0691274 B1 EP0691274 B1 EP 0691274B1 EP 94202715 A EP94202715 A EP 94202715A EP 94202715 A EP94202715 A EP 94202715A EP 0691274 B1 EP0691274 B1 EP 0691274B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rolls
section
compressed
compressing device
belt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94202715A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0691274A1 (de
Inventor
Giulio Sarchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kimberly Clark Tissue Co
Original Assignee
Kimberly Clark Tissue Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=11412658&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0691274(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Kimberly Clark Tissue Co filed Critical Kimberly Clark Tissue Co
Priority to EP98119846A priority Critical patent/EP0899196B1/de
Publication of EP0691274A1 publication Critical patent/EP0691274A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B25/00—Packaging other articles presenting special problems
    • B65B25/14—Packaging paper or like sheets, envelopes, or newspapers, in flat, folded, or rolled form
    • B65B25/146—Packaging paper or like sheets, envelopes, or newspapers, in flat, folded, or rolled form packaging rolled-up articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B63/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged
    • B65B63/02—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged for compressing or compacting articles or materials prior to wrapping or insertion in containers or receptacles
    • B65B63/026—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged for compressing or compacting articles or materials prior to wrapping or insertion in containers or receptacles for compressing by feeding articles through a narrowing space

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for packing or packaging together a number rolls of papers or paper-like material wound onto a core, which rolls are squashed or laterally compressed in order to reduce their overall bulk.
  • such packaging is accomplished by wrapping with a plastic or paper film the rolls that have been compressed and deformed to reduce their dead space resulting from both the hollow cylindrical cores on which the rolls are wound, and from the voids created when the cylindrically shaped rolls are disposed side by side.
  • the present invention is concerned with packages wherein the rolls are toilet paper rolls or similar articles, and are arranged in two or more layers.
  • the known packages of a plurality of toilet paper rolls or the like, having a cylindrical (i.e. not deformed) shape, are formed by placing a given number of rolls side by side, in lateral contact and with their axes parallel, to form a so called layer.
  • a layer can comprise a single row of rolls or two or more rows of rolls located one behind the next.
  • a single layer for example made up by two rows each comprising 5 rolls, can be encased into a plastic material sheet to form a package containing 10 rolls in total.
  • Another kind of known package consists of two or more layers of rolls placed one on the top of the other, forming the so called “bundle" which is then wrapped.
  • WO-A-93/04966 discloses an article formed by a paper web wound around a core to form a roll that is then compressed and flattened, and retained in the deformed state by a band or other individual constraint.
  • EP-A-0 392 581 discloses in particular a packaged product, formed by a plurality of such flattened articles, disposed side by side to form a layer and encased in a sheet or film of plastic material.
  • Italian Patent N. 1 177 749 discloses a method for deforming individual paper rolls wound on a core, and wrapping them in a heat-shrinkable material sheet which is heated for shrinking around the article.
  • US-A-4 679 379 discloses an apparatus for packaging a bundle of paper rolls by a single compression of the whole bundle - as a matter of fact without appreciably deformating the rolls into a flat shape - and wrapping it into a heat-shrinkable material sheet.
  • the deformed rolls are arranged to form a layer, as defined above, formed by one or more rows with each row comprising two or more deformed rolls.
  • US-A-5 195 300 on which the preambles of the independent claims are based discloses a method and an apparatus for packaging a plurality of paper rolls that are in a compressed state, and provides for a first compression of a line of paper rolls in a side-by-side relationship in the vertical direction, so that each roll is individually compressed and the rolls exit from this compression with their major cross section axes extending horizontally. Then each of the rolls is individually turned upright to form a line of rolls with the major axes parallel to each orther, and then the moving rolls are further compressed and wrapped in a plastic film.
  • the so formed packages are not formed by superimposed layers, i.e. with rolls stacked one over the other along the "long" dimension resulting from the roll compression.
  • US-A-2 962 848 discloses the compression bundling of unit packages supplied as loosely arranged rows that are preliminarily compacted both lengthwise and widthwise into a group or tier. The entire group of packages is then tightly compressed as a whole by a single pair of side belts and then the group is compressed wrapped with a sheet that is properly folded and sealed in subsequent stations.
  • the packages are box-like packages and no means is disclosed for securinmg articles of different shapes, such as cylindrical rolls, to prevent their oucoming when laterally compressed by a single pair of belts. Neither means are disclosed for temporaily storing a compressed tier, nor for receiving and compressing an arrangement of stacked tiers.
  • FR-A-1 370 450 is concerned with an apparatus for forming two or more superimposed tiers of undeformed cylindrical rolls of paper that are then laterally compressed as a whole by two opposed air cylinders cooperating with walls, and this apparatus provides for a single compression applied to the whole bundle.
  • the known methods and apparatuses for packaging rolls that are in a flattened or compressed state are not capable to produce packs or packages formed by two or more layers, i.e. with rolls stacked one over the other along the "short" dimension resulting from the roll compression.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above described drawbacks and limits of the prior art.
  • the rolls are then transferred to a device 32 carrying out a continuous compression of each individual roll.
  • Such compression will be referred to as the first compression.
  • One component of the compressing device 32 is shown with a somewhat greater detail in Fig. 1. The description which follows will generally refer to a single roll, being evident that such disclosure applies to all the other rolls 1 to 5 (or more), since the treatment of each roll is the same.
  • the rolls are then accumulated along one or two or more rows to form a layer, and two layers 10 and 11 formed in the afore described way are stacked in a wrapping machine to form the bundle in its final configuration. Then the bundle undergoes a further or second compression, immediately before being wrapped with a plastic or paper material film 13.
  • a layer is formed of three axially aligned rows, each row being formed by five rolls.
  • the continuous compressing device 32 comprises, for each parallel conveyor of an individual roll, a pair of endless conveyor belts 21, 22, horizontally disposed and movable between two pairs of rolls, that is two front rolls 25 and two rear rolls 26, respectively. Additionally, in a first section, the passage width or distance between belts 21 and 22 becomes progressively narrower, with the belts forming a sort of funnel where the roll 1 is progressively compressed while being advanced, so as to impart a substantially elliptical shape to the roll.
  • the continuously compressing device 32 further provides a second section having a constant width, where the compressed roll is advanced with its longitudinal axis horizontal and the longer axis of the elliptical section vertically disposed.
  • the device 32 is not provided with a bottom member (such as a belt or other sustaining surface) where the rolls can rest since belts 21 e 22 ensure the correct advancing thereof.
  • At least one roll for each belt is motor-driven, and the belts are fitted with a transverse adjusting feasibility.
  • Shims 27 and 28 are disposed inside the belt paths and preferably each compressing path comprises, as above mentioned, a first section having a progressively decreasing width, followed by a second section of constant width and equal to the minimum spacing of the first section.
  • the compressed rolls 1D-5D are moved to a second conveying means, generally indicated with 34, to be subsequently directed to a pneumatic compressing device indicated with 36.
  • the second conveying means comprises a single carrier or belt provided with divider members, or alternatively a plurality of adjacent belts.
  • the compression takes place while the rolls are stationary, and the device operates at the same time on a plurality rolls disposed side by side, and a second compression is imparted them such as to remove the remaining dead space within the hollow cores 6. After this second compression, the rolls assume their final flat configuration.
  • a blade or bar 38 is provided between the first compressing device 32 and the second compressing device 36, and is cyclically operated upwardly and downwardly by conventional means not shown in the drawings.
  • the bar 38 causes the sequential advancing of a predetermined number of rolls over each conveyor. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, two rows of rolls are moved into the second compressing device 36 one after the other.
  • the compressing device 36 has a substantially parallelepipedal shape and comprises a board or a baseplate 46, that is vertically moveable by a pneumatic cylinder 50 or similar device, two fixes vertical walls 40 and 42, adjacent and normal to one another, and a vertical wall 44, horizontally movable along both directions, and actuated by a pneumatic cylinder 48 or similar device.
  • One side of the device 36 is open for receiving the incoming rolls, and the top of the device is open for extracting the formed bundle.
  • a layer of rolls comprising two rows of five rolls, is pushed into the device 36 by the conveyors 34. After their deposition on the baseplate, the rolls are further compressed by the side wall 44 moving toward the wall 40 under the action of the cylinder 48. At the end of such compressing step, the cylinder 50 lifts the roll assembly or bundle toward a wrapping device (not shown) that will encase the rolls into a plastic or paper material film 13 (Fig. 1).
  • Figs 4A to 4H there is illustrated the method (and the related apparatus) according the present invention for obtaining a package of compressed rolls arranged on two layers.
  • the second compressing device (indicated with 36A in Fig. 4A) provides for two parallel and pneumatic cylinders disposed one above the other, respectively 48 and 52, and a movable wall 44A made up by two parallel and adjacent plates 47, 51, each being fixed to the piston rod of the related cylinder.
  • a portion of the working plan 54 of the apparatus frame is used as a supporting surface for the outermost roll adjacent to the movable wall.
  • the plates 47 and 51 are sligthly spaced from the edge of the plate 46, and the roll partially rests upon the plane 54.
  • the compressing cyclic operating sequence is as follows.
  • cylinder 50 is lowered at a position such that the bottomplate 46 is flush with the level of the frame working surface 54 (Fig. 4A).
  • the cylinder 50 is then actuated to lift the board 46 and raise the first layer of compressed rolls to the plate 51 level (Fig. 4D).
  • the board 46 is then lifted by cylinder 50 to a second level, such as to raise both compressed layers above plates 47 and 51.
  • the two layers are kept in a compressed state by a pair of properly spaced fixed plates 52 and 53, during the wrapping with the material 13.
  • FIGs 5A and 5B there is illustrated a second method (and the related apparatus) for stacking two layers of rolls one above the other.
  • the conveyor belt device 34 has been modified so as to include three consecutive and adjacent sections.
  • the first section 34A is horizontal and similar to the one provided in Fig. 2 at the end of the first compressing device 32.
  • a second portion 34B is provided adjacent to section 3A and is formed by a pivotable conveyor, hinged at the end 35 proximate to the first section, that can be upwardly inclined with respect to the plane of the fixed section.
  • the section 34B includes a pair of chains 37 driven by two rotating crown gears 39, (only one being shown in the Figures).
  • a transverse bar 38A is fixed with both ends to the chains 37 and pushes two rows of rolls 41, 43 onto a third horizontal section of the conveyor indicated at 34C.
  • the pivotable conveyor forming the section 34B is in a horizontal position when the first layer of rolls 41, 43 is pushed and deposited onto the conveyor 34C by the bar 38A.
  • the so formed bundle is introduced into a compressing device such as that already shown by Fig. 3, that carries out the second compression of all the layers at the same time, after which the bundle is wrapped by a plastic packaging material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Special Articles (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Verpacken von zusammengepreßten, auf Hülsen (6) aufgewickelten Papierrollen (1-5), welche so angeordnet sind, daß zwei oder mehrere Lagen (10, 11) in einer Folie (13) aus Plastik- oder Papiermaterial gebildet werden, umfassend :
    ein erstes Fördermittel (30) zum parallelen Vorschub einer Vielzahl von zylindrisch geformten Papierrollen (1-5);
    eine erste Einrichtung (32) zum kontinuierlichen und fortschreitenden Zusammenpressen jeder einzelnen Rolle (1-5);
    ein zweites Fördermittel (34), anschließend an die erste Einrichtung (32) zum Zusammenpressen, zum parallelen Vorschub dieser Vielzahl von zusammengepreßten Rollen (1D-5D);
    eine zweite Einrichtung (36) zum Zusammenpressen, welche diese Lagen von zusammengepreßten Rollen aufnimmt und bündelt und dabei zumindest eine Lage von Rollen gleichzeitig zusammenpreßt; und
    Mittel zum Verpacken des Bündels mit dieser Plastik- oder Papierfolie (13);
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Fördermittel (34) die Vielzahl von gepreßten Rollen in Lagen anordnet und die erste Einrichtung (32) zum Zusammenpressen für jede einzelne Rolle eine Vorschubbahn umfaßt, die ein Paar Umlauf-Förderbänder (21, 22) umfaßt, wobei die gegenläufigen Bandbahnen in Bezug auf die Bandbreite in einer vertikalen Verlängerung jeweils zwischen einem Rollenpaar (25, 26) angeordnet sind und der Abstand zwischen den Bändern (21, 22) sich kontinuierlich verengt, so daß jede Rolle im wesentlichen zwischen den Bandbahnen elliptisch zusammengepreßt wird, wobei der elliptische Abschnitt so angeordnet ist, daß die längere Achse dieses Abschnittes vertikal angeordnet ist und die längere Achse in Bezug auf die Spulenachse der Papierrollen senkrecht verläuft.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Einrichtung (36) zum Zusammenpressen eine im wesentlichen parallelepipedone Form aufweist und eine Platte oder Auflageplatte (46), welche mittels eines ersten Pneumatikzylinders (50) senkrecht bewegbar ist, zwei feststehende senkrechte Wände (40, 42), welche angrenzend und rechtwinkelig zu einander angeordnet sind, und zumindest eine senkrechte Wand (44) umfaßt, welche mittels eines zweiten Pneumatikzylinders (48) waagerecht in beiden Richtungen bewegbar ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Einrichtung (36A) zum Zusammenpressen mit einer bewegbaren Wand (44A) versehen ist, welche durch zwei parallele und angrenzende Platten (47, 51) gebildet wird, die mittels zwei Pneumatikzylinder (48, 52), welche parallel und übereinander liegend angeordnet sind, getrennt betätigbar sind.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Fördermittel (34) drei aneinander angrenzende und fortlaufende Abschnitte umfaßt, nämlich einen ersten Abschnitt eines waagerechten Förderbandes (34A), einen zweiten Abschnitt (34B), welcher durch ein schwenkbares Förderband gebildet wird, das an einem schwenkbaren Ende (35) aufwärts geneigt werden kann, und einen dritten Abschnitt, welcher durch ein waagerechtes Förderband (34C) gebildet wird.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Abschnitt (34B) ein Kettenpaar (37) umfaßt, welches mittels zwei Drehzahnscheiben (39) angetrieben wird.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Stange (38) zwischen der ersten Einrichtung (32) zum Zusammenpressen und der zweiten Einrichtung (36) zum Zusammenpressen angeordnet ist, wobei diese Stange zyklisch auf- und abwärts betätigbar ist, um den fortlaufenden Durchlauf einer vorbestimmten Anzahl von Rollen auf jedem Band zu ermöglichen.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Querstange (38A) umfaßt, deren Enden an dem Kettenpaar (37) befestigt sind, um zwei oder mehrere Reihen von Rollen (41, 43) auf den dritten Förderbandabschnitt (34C) zu schieben.
  8. Vorrichtung nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Fördermittel (30) zumindest einen Mitnehmer oder Förderband umfaßt.
  9. Vorrichtung nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Fördermittel (34) zumindest einen Mitnehmer oder Förderband umfaßt.
  10. Vorrichtung nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest eine Rolle pro Band motorisch angetrieben ist und die Bänder (21, 22) mit einer Vorrichtung zur Querverstellung versehen sind.
  11. Vorrichtung nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Bandbahnen Abstandshalter (27, 28) angeordnet sind.
  12. Vorrichtung nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Einrichtung (32) zum Zusammenpressen des weiteren einen zweiten Abschnitt (21, 22, 26, 28) mit gleicher Breite umfaßt.
EP94202715A 1994-07-08 1994-09-21 Vorrichtung zum Verpacken von auf Kernen aufgewickelten, komprimierten Papierrollen Expired - Lifetime EP0691274B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98119846A EP0899196B1 (de) 1994-07-08 1994-09-21 Verfahren zum Verpacken von komprimierten, auf Kernen aufgerollten, Papierrollen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO940562 1994-07-08
IT94TO000562A IT1266161B1 (it) 1994-07-08 1994-07-08 Apparecchiatura e procedimento per impaccare rotoli di carta avvolti su un'anima e schiacciati.

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98119846A Division EP0899196B1 (de) 1994-07-08 1994-09-21 Verfahren zum Verpacken von komprimierten, auf Kernen aufgerollten, Papierrollen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0691274A1 EP0691274A1 (de) 1996-01-10
EP0691274B1 true EP0691274B1 (de) 1999-06-23

Family

ID=11412658

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94202715A Expired - Lifetime EP0691274B1 (de) 1994-07-08 1994-09-21 Vorrichtung zum Verpacken von auf Kernen aufgewickelten, komprimierten Papierrollen
EP98119846A Revoked EP0899196B1 (de) 1994-07-08 1994-09-21 Verfahren zum Verpacken von komprimierten, auf Kernen aufgerollten, Papierrollen

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98119846A Revoked EP0899196B1 (de) 1994-07-08 1994-09-21 Verfahren zum Verpacken von komprimierten, auf Kernen aufgerollten, Papierrollen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0691274B1 (de)
AT (2) ATE181541T1 (de)
DE (3) DE691274T1 (de)
ES (2) ES2091165T3 (de)
GR (1) GR960300023T1 (de)
IT (1) IT1266161B1 (de)
PT (1) PT899196E (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6432272B1 (en) 1998-12-17 2002-08-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Compressed absorbent fibrous structures
DE69931961T2 (de) * 1998-12-17 2006-12-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc., Neenah Zusammengepresste absorbierende faserstrukturen
DE19945386B4 (de) * 1999-09-22 2004-11-11 Lemo Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verpacken von Rollenware, insbesondere Wickelrollen aus Kunststofffolie
CH696583A5 (it) 2001-07-30 2007-08-15 Tissue Machinery Co Spa Dispositivo e metodo per lo smistamento di articoli ad esempio rotoli.
DE102005020892A1 (de) * 2005-05-04 2006-11-09 Saint-Gobain Isover G+H Ag Verpackungseinheit für Rohrschalen
AT502387B1 (de) * 2005-05-06 2007-03-15 Andritz Ag Maschf Verfahren und vorrichtung zum pressen von zellstoffflocken zu ballen
US8132393B2 (en) 2008-03-04 2012-03-13 Sealed Air Corporation Radial compression system for rolls of material and associated method
IT1400203B1 (it) * 2010-05-31 2013-05-24 Rent Srl Dispositivo per l'alimentazione in pile di prodotti piegati in carta quali fazzoletti o simili ad una macchina confezionatrice automatica
DE102011107290A1 (de) 2011-07-06 2013-01-10 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Handhaben von Gegenständen
CN102649486B (zh) * 2012-04-09 2014-10-01 滨海县蓝天纸业有限公司 卫生纸自动装袋装置
CN105329476B (zh) * 2014-08-07 2017-12-12 江西欧克科技有限公司 卷筒纸中袋包装装置
GB2586159B (en) * 2019-08-08 2023-11-01 Kimberly Clark Co Apparatus and methods for compressing stacks of articles

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2962848A (en) * 1959-10-23 1960-12-06 Hayssen Mfg Company Art of compression bundling
FR1370450A (fr) * 1963-10-03 1964-08-21 Internat Machinery Corp N V Procédé d'emballage automatique de rouleaux de papier hygiénique et machine pour sa mise en oeuvre
KR910000378B1 (ko) 1983-05-24 1991-01-24 와다나베 고오조우 압축로울페이퍼의 제조방법
US4679379A (en) 1983-09-13 1987-07-14 Cassoli S.R.L. Macchine Automatiche Confezionatrici Automatic bundling machine
US4886167B1 (en) 1989-04-14 1991-06-11 Compact,core-wound paper product
AU2519192A (en) 1991-09-11 1993-04-05 Procter & Gamble Company, The Compressed core wound paper product having a core opening and a process of making the same
US5195300A (en) * 1992-03-17 1993-03-23 Hayssen Manufacturing Company Compressed roll packaging method and apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1266161B1 (it) 1996-12-23
ES2134183T1 (es) 1999-10-01
ES2091165T3 (es) 1999-10-01
GR960300023T1 (en) 1996-05-31
EP0691274A1 (de) 1996-01-10
ES2134183T3 (es) 2001-08-01
ES2091165T1 (es) 1996-11-01
ITTO940562A0 (it) 1994-07-08
DE69426840D1 (de) 2001-04-12
PT899196E (pt) 2001-08-30
EP0899196B1 (de) 2001-03-07
DE691274T1 (de) 1996-11-07
ITTO940562A1 (it) 1996-01-08
DE69419247D1 (de) 1999-07-29
ATE181541T1 (de) 1999-07-15
ATE199523T1 (de) 2001-03-15
EP0899196A1 (de) 1999-03-03

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