EP0691264A1 - Improved method for the destruction of an underwater object, especially of an underwater sea mine - Google Patents

Improved method for the destruction of an underwater object, especially of an underwater sea mine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0691264A1
EP0691264A1 EP95401598A EP95401598A EP0691264A1 EP 0691264 A1 EP0691264 A1 EP 0691264A1 EP 95401598 A EP95401598 A EP 95401598A EP 95401598 A EP95401598 A EP 95401598A EP 0691264 A1 EP0691264 A1 EP 0691264A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
epc
mine
load
cable
controlled
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Granted
Application number
EP95401598A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0691264B1 (en
Inventor
Georges P. R. L. Lauvray
Gérard Falcou
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ECA SA
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ECA SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G7/00—Mine-sweeping; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63G7/02—Mine-sweeping means, Means for destroying mines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B19/00—Marine torpedoes, e.g. launched by surface vessels or submarines; Sea mines having self-propulsion means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of destroying an underwater object.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a method of destroying a bottom mine or a mooring mine.
  • the known methods for destroying a bottom submarine mine include a step of detecting and / or identifying the mine and a step of destroying the mine by means of a high explosive charge, for example order of 50 to 100 kg, deposited at a distance of a few meters from the mine to be destroyed by means of an underwater vessel, generally remotely piloted.
  • Orin mines are destroyed by a similar method of detection and / or identification which is followed by a destruction step consisting in hanging on the orin a pyrotechnic shear which is put in place by means of a submarine vessel. remote-controlled or wire-guided sailor to cut the rope and bring the mine to the surface where it is destroyed.
  • the pyrotechnic actuation of the shears is caused by remote control from the surface vessel.
  • Known destruction techniques may also not be used for hunting underground mines which, comprising insensitive explosives, do not detonate by influence.
  • Document EP-A-0.547.937 has already proposed a method for destroying an underwater object, such as, for example, a bottom mine or a mooring mine, which includes a detection step and / or identification of the object comprising the implementation of means for detecting and / or identifying the object at a distance greater than a determined minimum distance known as safety, and a step of destroying the object to using a pyrotechnic charge, the explosion of which causes, for example, the explosion or the fragmentation of the mine, consisting in implementing a charge which approaches the object from an underwater intermediate equipment previously put in place on the bottom, then cause the charge to explode.
  • Intermediate equipment can be installed on the bottom from an intermediate submarine vehicle or directly from a surface vessel or aircraft.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose an improvement of this process which makes it possible to ensure with even more precision the approach to the object to be destroyed. by the charge, whether it is a bottom mine or a mooring mine with the possibility, in the latter case, of docking the mooring mine as a bottom mine and destroying it by explosion in order to avoid, as happens in certain cases, that the use of a pyrotechnic shear has the effect of only breaking the rope without destroying the mine which then rises to the surface.
  • the invention provides a method of destruction of the type mentioned above, characterized in that the load is carried by a machine which is implemented from the intermediate equipment to which it is connected by a connecting cable, the length is controlled to control the movements of the machine.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show schematically a surface vessel VS, which is for example a mine hunter whose mission is to destroy a bottom mine MF placed on the bottom F.
  • the surface pilot ship remotely, for example by wire guidance by means of a piloting cable CP, an intermediate submarine vehicle VSM which removably carries a destruction unit UD.
  • the destruction unit comprises a cradle or chassis which constitutes an intermediate equipment EF intended to be placed on the bottom F by the underwater vehicle VSM at a safe distance from the MF underground mine.
  • the intermediate bottom equipment EF carries, on the one hand, a load carrying device EPC and a coil B.
  • the coil B which is carried by the cradle of the bottom intermediate equipment EF allows the unwinding, during the descent phase of the underwater vehicle VSM, of a remote control cable CT which therefore connects the destruction unit to the surface vessel which is provided with a control and guidance station for the EPC load-carrying vehicle.
  • the EPC load carrier comprises the load C and propulsion means shown schematically in the form of PO propellants which allow the self-propulsion of the carrier EPC charge.
  • the load carrying machine comprises a reel T on which is surrounded a mechanical connection cable CL which, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 3, connects the load carrying machine EPC to the cradle constituting the bottom equipment EF which is an anchor point for the connecting cable.
  • the invention provides for connecting the CT transmission cable, on the edge side, to an extension cable which is wound and unwound from a reel located on board the mine hunter.
  • connection cable CL from the reel T and possibly its winding in the case where the reel is motorized to constitute a winch, are controlled from a control station located for example on board the surface vessel VS to which the EPC load carrier is connected by the remote control cable CT which extends from the coil B in the direction of the EPC load carrier, being for example intimately combined with the cable CL link.
  • the load-carrying device is a device with positive buoyancy towards the surface.
  • the positive buoyancy of the machine combined with the CL connecting cable fixed on the EF equipment placed on the bottom and with the reel used as a brake, allow to control with a better precision the vertical displacements and consequently the positioning while immersing the EPC vehicle, while not requiring energy for the vertical movement of the EPC vehicle.
  • connection cable CL controlled from the surface vessel VS
  • the altitude of the load-carrying device EPC which tends to go up towards the surface when the length of the connecting cable CL increases, and vice versa.
  • the PO propellant thrusters also make it possible, in association with positive buoyancy, to constitute a set of means for the self-propulsion of the load-carrying vehicle EPC which make it possible to ensure with great precision its approach, and possibly its docking the MF underground mine.
  • MD detection means visual and / or acoustic, which equip the EPC load carrier and which are connected to the control station by channels reserved for this purpose in the remote control cable.
  • the approach and the docking of the ruddy mine can be facilitated by means of guide means MG which come into place automatically on the rut O of the ruddy mine MO, during a first phase and thanks in particular to the use of orientable thrusters PO, these guide means MG then making it possible, by simple unwinding of the connection cable CL, to cause the load carrier EPC to rise up along Orin O until it comes to land at MO Oren Mine to cause its destruction.
  • the canes can be destroyed directly without having to cut the ores, which is both more effective and safer than known techniques.
  • the intermediate equipment EF instead of being previously placed on the bottom, is itself hooked to the rope of the rope mine by the underwater vehicle VSM, which then moves away to be recovered on the surface by the mine hunter, and the EPC load-carrying vehicle is controlled from the mine hunter to go up along the rope to near the mine, from the intermediate equipment EF hung on the orin.
  • the unwinding of the transmission cable CT from the coil B is done only during the ascent phase of the underwater vehicle VSM which returns to the surface vessel to allow the connection of the end of the cable of remote control at the control station on board the surface vessel.
  • the intermediate equipment placed on the bottom comprises propulsion means to allow its autonomous movements on the bottom in order to further improve the precision during the approach phase of the mine. or from the sea mine.
  • orientable thrusters can possibly throw the charge against the mine to cause the charge to explode automatically.
  • the coil which allows the winding of the remote control cable is arranged on board the surface vessel and that the other end of the control cable is connected to the destruction unit and to the machine EPC charge carrier.
  • the detection means MD carried by the load-carrying vehicle EPC comprise a camera
  • this servo-control which can be carried out both in positioning and in distance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)

Abstract

An intermediate underwater vehicle controlled by cable from a minesweeper releases a destruction unit (UD) comprising a cradle (EF) with a remote control cable drum (B) and an explosive charge carrier (EPC). The cradle is placed on the sea bed (F) at a safe distance from the mine (MF). A tether (CL) restraining the explosive charge carrier is unreeled (T) allowing the latter to rise to operational depth. Then the carrier is propelled and guided to a point where its charge (C) is detonated with the aid of a visual or acoustic detector (MD). The carrier movements are remotely controlled. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de destruction d'un objet sous-marin.The present invention relates to a method of destroying an underwater object.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un procédé de destruction d'une mine de fond ou d'une mine à orin.The invention relates more particularly to a method of destroying a bottom mine or a mooring mine.

Les procédés connus de destruction d'une mine sous-marine de fond comportent une étape de détection et/ou d'identification de la mine et une étape de destruction de la mine au moyen d'une charge explosive importante, par exemple de l'ordre de 50 a 100 kg, déposée à une distance de quelques mètres de la mine à détruire au moyen d'un vaisseau sous-marin généralement télépiloté.The known methods for destroying a bottom submarine mine include a step of detecting and / or identifying the mine and a step of destroying the mine by means of a high explosive charge, for example order of 50 to 100 kg, deposited at a distance of a few meters from the mine to be destroyed by means of an underwater vessel, generally remotely piloted.

Après avoir procédé à la récupération du vaisseau sous-marin à bord d'un vaisseau de surface chasseur de mines, on procède à la destruction de la mine.After the recovery of the submarine vessel on board a surface mine hunter vessel, the mine is destroyed.

Les mines à orin sont détruites selon un procédé similaire de détection et/ou d'identification qui est suivi d'une étape de destruction consistant à accrocher sur l'orin une cisaille pyrotechnique qui est mise en place au moyen d'un vaisseau sous-marin télécommandé ou filoguidé afin de couper l'orin et faire remonter la mine en surface où elle est détruite.Orin mines are destroyed by a similar method of detection and / or identification which is followed by a destruction step consisting in hanging on the orin a pyrotechnic shear which is put in place by means of a submarine vessel. remote-controlled or wire-guided sailor to cut the rope and bring the mine to the surface where it is destroyed.

Ici, encore après avoir récupéré le vaisseau sous-marin, on provoque l'actionnement pyrotechnique de la cisaille par commande à distance depuis le vaisseau de surface.Here, again after having recovered the underwater vessel, the pyrotechnic actuation of the shears is caused by remote control from the surface vessel.

La pose sur le fond de la charge explosive nécessite de pouvoir approcher la ligne suffisamment près, c'est-à-dire à une distance de quelques mètres afin de pouvoir placer la charge explosive à proximité de la mine.Installation on the bottom of the explosive charge requires being able to approach the line close enough, that is to say at a distance of a few meters in order to be able to place the explosive charge near the mine.

Un procédé selon ce principe est par exemple décrit dans le document MARINE ENGINEERS REVIEW (Volume 604, octobre 1973, pages 33 et 34).A process according to this principle is for example described in the document MARINE ENGINEERS REVIEW (Volume 604, October 1973, pages 33 and 34).

Ces procédés de destruction ne pourront plus être utilisés pour la destruction de mines d'une conception nouvelle qui comportent des moyens de détection acoustique ou magnétique particulièrement performants qui permettent de détecter les signatures acoustiques ou magnétiques, très faibles, de tout vaisseau sous-marin qui s'approche de la mine, entraînant l'explosion de la mine, mais aussi la destruction du vaisseau sous-marin servant à la détection et/ou à l'identification des mines.These destruction methods can no longer be used for the destruction of mines of a new design which include particularly efficient acoustic or magnetic detection means which make it possible to detect the very weak acoustic or magnetic signatures of any underwater vessel which approaches the mine, causing the explosion of the mine, but also the destruction of the underwater vessel used for the detection and / or identification of mines.

Les techniques de destruction connues ne pourront pas non plus être utilisées pour la chasse aux mines de fond qui, comportant des explosifs peu sensibles, n'explosent pas par influence.Known destruction techniques may also not be used for hunting underground mines which, comprising insensitive explosives, do not detonate by influence.

Il a déjà été proposé dans le document EP-A-0.547.937 un procédé de destruction d'un objet sous-marin, tel que par exemple une mine de fond ou une mine à orin, qui comporte une étape de détection et/ou d'identification de l'objet comportant la mise en oeuvre de moyens de détection et/ou d'identification de l'objet à une distance supérieure d'une distance minimale déterminée dite de sécurité, et une étape de destruction de l'objet à l'aide d'une charge pyrotechnique dont l'explosion provoque par exemple l'explosion ou la fragmentation de la mine, consistant à mettre en oeuvre une charge qui approche l'objet à partir d'un équipement intermédiaire sous-marin préalablement mis en place sur le fond, puis à provoquer l'explosion de la charge.Document EP-A-0.547.937 has already proposed a method for destroying an underwater object, such as, for example, a bottom mine or a mooring mine, which includes a detection step and / or identification of the object comprising the implementation of means for detecting and / or identifying the object at a distance greater than a determined minimum distance known as safety, and a step of destroying the object to using a pyrotechnic charge, the explosion of which causes, for example, the explosion or the fragmentation of the mine, consisting in implementing a charge which approaches the object from an underwater intermediate equipment previously put in place on the bottom, then cause the charge to explode.

L'équipement intermédiaire peut être mis en place sur le fond à partir d'un véhicule sous-marin intermédiaire ou directement depuis un vaisseau de surface ou un aéronef.Intermediate equipment can be installed on the bottom from an intermediate submarine vehicle or directly from a surface vessel or aircraft.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un perfectionnement de ce procédé qui permet d'assurer avec encore plus de précision l'approche de l'objet à détruire par la charge, qu'il s'agisse d'une mine de fond ou d'une mine à orin avec la possibilité, dans ce dernier cas, d'accoster la mine à orin comme une mine de fond et de la détruire par explosion afin d'éviter, comme cela se produit dans certains cas, que l'utilisation d'une cisaille pyrotechnique n' ait pour effet que de rompre l'orin sans détruire la mine qui remonte alors à la surface.The object of the present invention is to propose an improvement of this process which makes it possible to ensure with even more precision the approach to the object to be destroyed. by the charge, whether it is a bottom mine or a mooring mine with the possibility, in the latter case, of docking the mooring mine as a bottom mine and destroying it by explosion in order to avoid, as happens in certain cases, that the use of a pyrotechnic shear has the effect of only breaking the rope without destroying the mine which then rises to the surface.

Dans ce but, l'invention propose un procédé de destruction du type mentionné précédemment, caractérisé en ce que la charge est portée par un engin qui est mis en oeuvre à partir de l'équipement intermédiaire auquel il est relié par un câble de liaison dont la longueur est commandée pour contrôler les déplacements de l'engin.To this end, the invention provides a method of destruction of the type mentioned above, characterized in that the load is carried by a machine which is implemented from the intermediate equipment to which it is connected by a connecting cable, the length is controlled to control the movements of the machine.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention:

  • l'engin est automoteur et est mis en oeuvre par autopropulsion à partir de l'équipement intermédiaire;
  • l'engin est à flottabilité positive;
  • l'engin comporte des moyens commandés de propulsion;
  • les moyens commandés de propulsion sont des propulseurs fixes et/ou orientables;
  • le câble de liaison est enroulé sur un touret à dévidage commandé;
  • le touret peut être motorisé;
  • le touret est porté par l'engin ;
  • l'engin porteur de la charge comporte des moyens de guidage de ses déplacements le long de l'orin d'une mine à orin;
  • pour détruire des mines à orin ancrées à de grandes profondeurs, l'équipement intermédiaire est lui-même accroché à l'orin de la mine par le véhicule sous-marin à une profondeur intermédiaire entre le fond et la mine, et le véhicule porte-charge est commandé à partir du chasseur de mines pour remonter le long de l'orin jusqu'à proximité de la mine, à partir de l'équipement intermédiaire accroché à l'orin;
  • l'équipement intermédiaire posé sur le fond peut être un équipement automoteur qui peut se déplacer sur le fond;
  • l'engin porteur de la charge est commandé à distance à partir d'un poste de commande des déplacements de l'engin et/ou de mise à feu de la charge;
  • l'engin porteur est relié au poste de commande par un câble de télécommande;
  • l'équipement intermédiaire et l'engin porteur de la charge constituent une unité de destruction qui est mise à l'eau depuis un vaisseau de surface, ou un aéronef;
  • l'unité de destruction est mise en oeuvre par un véhicule sous-marin piloté depuis un vaisseau de surface, ou par tout autre moyen comme par exemple un propulseur auxiliaire récupérable ou consommable;
  • le poste de commande est agencé à bord d'un vaisseau de surface;
  • le câble de télécommande est dévidé lors de la phase de descente pour la mise en place sur le fond de l'unité de destruction dans le véhicule sous-marin;
  • le câble de transmission est connecté à un câble de rallonge qui est enroulé et se dévide à partir d'un touret situé à bord du chasseur de mines;
  • à titre de variante, le câble de télécommande est dévidé lors de la phase de remontée du véhicule sous-marin en direction du vaisseau de surface, après la mise en place sur le fond de l'unité de destruction par le véhicule sous-marin
  • il est prévu des moyens de libération du câble de liaison pour permettre la récupération à la surface de l'engin porteur de la charge ;
  • l'engin porteur de la charge comporte des moyens de détection et/ou d'identification de l'objet;
  • le câble de télécommande transmet des signaux de mise à feu de la charge par des fils de mise à feu incorporés au câble de télécommande.
According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • the machine is self-propelled and is operated by self-propulsion from the intermediate equipment;
  • the craft has positive buoyancy;
  • the machine comprises controlled means of propulsion;
  • the controlled propulsion means are fixed and / or orientable propellants;
  • the connecting cable is wound on a reel with controlled unwinding;
  • the reel can be motorized;
  • the reel is carried by the machine;
  • the load-carrying machine comprises means for guiding its movements along the rope of a rope mine;
  • to destroy anchor mines anchored at great depths, the intermediate equipment is itself hooked to the orin of the mine by the underwater vehicle at an intermediate depth between the bottom and the mine, and the carrier vehicle charge is controlled from the mine hunter to go up along the orin up to near the mine, from the intermediate equipment attached to the rope;
  • the intermediate equipment placed on the bottom can be self-propelled equipment which can move on the bottom;
  • the load carrying machine is remotely controlled from a position controlling the movement of the machine and / or firing the load;
  • the carrier is connected to the control station by a remote control cable;
  • the intermediate equipment and the load carrying unit constitute a destruction unit which is launched from a surface vessel, or an aircraft;
  • the destruction unit is implemented by an underwater vehicle piloted from a surface vessel, or by any other means such as for example a recoverable or consumable auxiliary propellant;
  • the control station is arranged on board a surface vessel;
  • the remote control cable is unwound during the descent phase for placement on the bottom of the destruction unit in the underwater vehicle;
  • the transmission cable is connected to an extension cable which is wound and unwound from a reel located on board the mine hunter;
  • as a variant, the remote control cable is unwound during the ascent phase of the underwater vehicle in the direction of the surface vessel, after the destruction unit has been placed on the bottom by the underwater vehicle
  • means are provided for releasing the connecting cable to allow recovery from the surface of the load-bearing vehicle;
  • the load carrying device comprises means for detecting and / or identifying the object;
  • the remote control cable transmits firing signals from the load through firing wires incorporated in the remote control cable.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre pour la compréhension de laquelle on se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • La figure 1 est un schéma qui illustre les principaux moyens nécessaires à la destruction d'une mine de fond selon une première variante d'un procédé de destruction conforme aux enseignements de l'invention;
  • les figures 2 et 3 sont deux schémas, à plus grande échelle, qui illustrent deux phases successives du procédé de destruction d'une mine de fond;
  • la figure 4 est un schéma similaire à celui de la figure 3 qui illustre la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention pour la destruction d'une mine à orin;
  • la figure 5 est un schéma similaire à celui de la figure 4 qui illustre une variante de mise en oeuvre du procédé ; et
  • la figure 6 est un schéma similaire à celui de la figure 1 qui illustre une variante de mise en oeuvre de l'unité de destruction.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram which illustrates the main means necessary for the destruction of a bottom mine according to a first variant of a destruction process in accordance with the teachings of the invention;
  • Figures 2 and 3 are two diagrams, on a larger scale, which illustrate two successive phases of the process of destruction of a bottom mine;
  • Figure 4 is a diagram similar to that of Figure 3 which illustrates the implementation of the method according to the invention for the destruction of a mooring mine;
  • Figure 5 is a diagram similar to that of Figure 4 which illustrates an alternative implementation of the method; and
  • Figure 6 is a diagram similar to that of Figure 1 which illustrates an alternative embodiment of the destruction unit.

On a représenté de manière schématique aux figures 1 et 2 un vaisseau de surface VS, qui est par exemple un chasseur de mine qui a pour mission de détruire une mine de fond MF posée sur le fond F.FIGS. 1 and 2 show schematically a surface vessel VS, which is for example a mine hunter whose mission is to destroy a bottom mine MF placed on the bottom F.

Le vaisseau de surface pilote à distance, par exemple par filoguidage au moyen d'un câble de pilotage CP, un véhicule sous-marin intermédiaire VSM qui porte, de manière amovible, une unité de destruction UD.The surface pilot ship remotely, for example by wire guidance by means of a piloting cable CP, an intermediate submarine vehicle VSM which removably carries a destruction unit UD.

Comme cela est illustré notamment sur la figure 2, l'unité de destruction comporte un berceau ou châssis qui constitue un équipement intermédiaire EF destiné a être mis en place sur le fond F par le véhicule sous-marin VSM à une distance de sécurité de la mine de fond MF.As illustrated in particular in FIG. 2, the destruction unit comprises a cradle or chassis which constitutes an intermediate equipment EF intended to be placed on the bottom F by the underwater vehicle VSM at a safe distance from the MF underground mine.

L'équipement intermédiaire de fond EF porte d'une part un engin porteur de charge EPC et une bobine B.The intermediate bottom equipment EF carries, on the one hand, a load carrying device EPC and a coil B.

La bobine B qui est portée par le berceau de l'équipement intermédiaire de fond EF permet le dévidage, au cours de la phase de descente du véhicule sous-marin VSM, d'un câble de télécommande CT qui relie donc l'unité de destruction au vaisseau de surface qui est muni d'un poste de commande et de guidage de l'engin porteur de charge EPC.The coil B which is carried by the cradle of the bottom intermediate equipment EF allows the unwinding, during the descent phase of the underwater vehicle VSM, of a remote control cable CT which therefore connects the destruction unit to the surface vessel which is provided with a control and guidance station for the EPC load-carrying vehicle.

Comme on peut le voir aux figures 2 et 3, l'engin porteur de charge EPC comporte la charge proprement dite C et des moyens de propulsion schématisés sous la forme de propulseurs orientables PO qui permettent l'auto-propulsion de l'engin porteur de charge EPC.As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the EPC load carrier comprises the load C and propulsion means shown schematically in the form of PO propellants which allow the self-propulsion of the carrier EPC charge.

L'engin porteur de charge comporte un touret T sur lequel est entouré un câble de liaison mécanique CL qui, comme on peut le voir notamment sur la figure 3, relie l'engin porteur de charge EPC au berceau constituant l'équipement de fond EF qui constitue un point d'ancrage pour le câble de liaison. Afin de pouvoir accroître le recul du navire chasseur de mines si nécessaire pour des questions de sécurité, l'invention prévoit de connecter le câble de transmission CT, côté bord, à un câble de rallonge qui est enroulé et se dévide à partir d'un touret situé à bord du chasseur de mines.The load carrying machine comprises a reel T on which is surrounded a mechanical connection cable CL which, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 3, connects the load carrying machine EPC to the cradle constituting the bottom equipment EF which is an anchor point for the connecting cable. In order to be able to increase the recoil of the mine hunter ship if necessary for safety reasons, the invention provides for connecting the CT transmission cable, on the edge side, to an extension cable which is wound and unwound from a reel located on board the mine hunter.

Le dévidage du câble de liaison CL à partir du touret T, et éventuellement son enroulement dans le cas ou le touret est motorisé pour constituer un treuil, sont commandés à partir d'un poste de commande situé par exemple à bord du vaisseau de surface VS auquel l'engin porteur de charge EPC est relié par le câble de télécommande CT qui se prolonge depuis la bobine B en direction de l'engin porteur de charge EPC, en étant par exemple combiné intimement au câble de liaison CL.The unwinding of the connection cable CL from the reel T, and possibly its winding in the case where the reel is motorized to constitute a winch, are controlled from a control station located for example on board the surface vessel VS to which the EPC load carrier is connected by the remote control cable CT which extends from the coil B in the direction of the EPC load carrier, being for example intimately combined with the cable CL link.

Selon une conception particulièrement avantageuse, l'engin porteur de charge est un engin à flottabilité positive vers la surface. La flottabilité positive de l'engin, cumulée avec le câble de liaison CL fixé sur l'équipement EF posé sur le fond et avec le touret utilisé en tant que frein, permettent de contrôler avec une meilleure précision les déplacements verticaux et par conséquent le positionnement en immersion du véhicule EPC, tout en ne réquérant pas d'énergie pour le déplacement vertical du véhicule EPC.According to a particularly advantageous design, the load-carrying device is a device with positive buoyancy towards the surface. The positive buoyancy of the machine, combined with the CL connecting cable fixed on the EF equipment placed on the bottom and with the reel used as a brake, allow to control with a better precision the vertical displacements and consequently the positioning while immersing the EPC vehicle, while not requiring energy for the vertical movement of the EPC vehicle.

Ainsi, le dévidage plus ou moins important du câble de liaison CL, commandé à partir du vaisseau de surface VS, permet de faire varier la longueur du câble CL et donc l'altitude de l'engin porteur de charge EPC qui tend à remonter vers la surface lorsque la longueur du câble de liaison CL augmente, et inversement.Thus, the more or less significant unwinding of the connection cable CL, controlled from the surface vessel VS, makes it possible to vary the length of the cable CL and therefore the altitude of the load-carrying device EPC which tends to go up towards the surface when the length of the connecting cable CL increases, and vice versa.

Les propulseurs orientables PO permettent également, en association avec la flottabilité positive, de constituer un ensemble de moyens pour l'autopropulsion de l'engin porteur de charge EPC qui permettent d'assurer avec une grande précision son approche, et éventuellement son accostage, de la mine de fond MF.The PO propellant thrusters also make it possible, in association with positive buoyancy, to constitute a set of means for the self-propulsion of the load-carrying vehicle EPC which make it possible to ensure with great precision its approach, and possibly its docking the MF underground mine.

En effet, après que le véhicule sous-marin VSM ait mis en place l'équipement intermédiaire de fond EF sur le fond F et se soit éloigné du site de destruction, un opérateur commande à partir du vaisseau de surface VS et à travers la liaison constituée par le câble de télécommande CT, les déplacements, tant verticaux que dans un plan horizontal, de l'engin porteur de charge EPC pour que celui-ci approche avec la plus grande proximité et avec la plus grande précision la mine de fond MF.Indeed, after the underwater vehicle VSM has installed the intermediate bottom equipment EF on the bottom F and has moved away from the destruction site, an operator commands from the surface vessel VS and through the link constituted by the CT remote control cable, displacements, both vertical and in a plane horizontal, of the EPC load-bearing device so that it approaches with the greatest proximity and with the greatest precision the MF underground mine.

Cette approche est facilitée par des moyens de détection MD, visuels et/ou acoustiques, qui équipent l'engin porteur de charge EPC et qui sont reliés au poste de commande par des voies réservées à cet effet dans le câble de télécommande.This approach is facilitated by MD detection means, visual and / or acoustic, which equip the EPC load carrier and which are connected to the control station by channels reserved for this purpose in the remote control cable.

Lorsque l'engin porteur de charge EPC, et donc la charge C, est suffisamment proche de la mine de fond MF ou au contact de cette dernière, l'opérateur commande l'explosion de la charge qui provoque la destruction de la mine de fond.When the load-carrying machine EPC, and therefore the load C, is sufficiently close to or in contact with the underground mine MF, the operator controls the explosion of the charge which causes the destruction of the underground mine .

Dans le cas d'une mine à orin, et comme cela est illustré sur le schéma de la figure 4, il est possible d'approcher avec une très grande précision la mine à orin MO.In the case of a mooring mine, and as illustrated in the diagram in FIG. 4, it is possible to approach with great precision the mooring mine MO.

Selon une variante schématisée sur la figure 5, l'approche et l'accostage de la mine à orin peuvent être facilités grâce à des moyens de guidage MG qui viennent se mettre en place automatiquement sur l'orin O de la mine à orin MO, lors d'une première phase et grâce notamment à l'utilisation des propulseurs orientables PO, ces moyens de guidage MG permettant ensuite, par simple dévidage du câble de liaison CL, de provoquer la remontée de l'engin porteur de charge EPC le long de l'orin O jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne accoster la mine à orin MO pour provoquer sa destruction.According to a variant shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5, the approach and the docking of the ruddy mine can be facilitated by means of guide means MG which come into place automatically on the rut O of the ruddy mine MO, during a first phase and thanks in particular to the use of orientable thrusters PO, these guide means MG then making it possible, by simple unwinding of the connection cable CL, to cause the load carrier EPC to rise up along Orin O until it comes to land at MO Oren Mine to cause its destruction.

Ainsi, les mines à orin peuvent être détruites directement sans avoir à couper l'orin, ce qui est à la fois plus efficace et plus sûr que les techniques connues.Thus, the canes can be destroyed directly without having to cut the ores, which is both more effective and safer than known techniques.

Selon une variante non représentée applicable au cas des mines à orin ancrées à de grandes profondeurs auxquelles le sous-marin VSM ne peut se rendre pour des limites technologiques, il est prévu que l'équipement intermédiaire EF, au lieu d'être préalablement posé sur le fond, est lui-même accroché à l'orin de la mine à orin par le véhicule sous-marin VSM, qui s'éloigne ensuite pour être récupéré en surface par le chasseur de mines, et le véhicule porte-charge EPC est commandé à partir du chasseur de mines pour remonter le long de l'orin jusqu'à proximité de la mine, à partir de l'équipement intermédiaire EF accroché à l'orin.According to a variant not shown applicable to the case of ruddy mines anchored at great depths to which the submarine VSM cannot go for limits technological, it is expected that the intermediate equipment EF, instead of being previously placed on the bottom, is itself hooked to the rope of the rope mine by the underwater vehicle VSM, which then moves away to be recovered on the surface by the mine hunter, and the EPC load-carrying vehicle is controlled from the mine hunter to go up along the rope to near the mine, from the intermediate equipment EF hung on the orin.

Dans la variante de réalisation illustrée sur la figure 6, on a représenté de manière schématique le fait que le câble de transmission CT peut être initialement relié au véhicule sous-marin VSM.In the alternative embodiment illustrated in Figure 6, there is shown schematically the fact that the transmission cable CT can be initially connected to the underwater vehicle VSM.

Selon cet agencement, le dévidage du câble de transmission CT à partir de la bobine B ne se fait que lors de la phase de remontée du véhicule sous-marin VSM qui retourne au vaisseau de surface pour permettre le raccordement de l'extrémité du câble de télécommande au poste de commande situé à bord du vaisseau de surface.According to this arrangement, the unwinding of the transmission cable CT from the coil B is done only during the ascent phase of the underwater vehicle VSM which returns to the surface vessel to allow the connection of the end of the cable of remote control at the control station on board the surface vessel.

Selon une autre variante non représentée sur les figures, il est possible d'assurer la télécommande de l'engin porteur de charge EPC par un câble de télécommande en deux tronçons principaux dont le premier relie le vaisseau de surface VS au véhicule sous-marin VSM et dont le second tronçon relie le vaisseau intermédiaire sous-marin VSM à l'unité de destruction UD.According to another variant not shown in the figures, it is possible to ensure the remote control of the load-carrying vehicle EPC by a remote control cable in two main sections, the first of which connects the surface vessel VS to the underwater vehicle VSM and the second section of which links the submarine intermediate vessel VSM to the destruction unit UD.

On peut également prévoir une possibilité de récupération de l'engin porteur de charge EPC en provoquant sa libération par séparation du câble de liaison, soit au niveau de l'engin porteur de charge, soit au niveau de l'unité de destruction UD, et en récupérant l'engin porteur de charge en surface du fait de sa flottabilité positive qui provoque alors automatiquement sa remontée vers la surface.It is also possible to provide for the possibility of recovering the load-carrying device EPC by causing it to be released by separation of the connecting cable, either at the level of the load-carrying device, or at the level of the destruction unit UD, and by recovering the load carrying device at the surface due to its positive buoyancy which then automatically causes it to rise to the surface.

Selon une autre variante, il est également possible de prévoir que l'équipement intermédiaire posé sur le fond comporte des moyens de propulsion pour permettre ses déplacements autonomes sur le fond afin d'améliorer encore la précision lors de la phase d'approche de la mine de fond ou de la mine à orin.According to another variant, it is also possible to provide that the intermediate equipment placed on the bottom comprises propulsion means to allow its autonomous movements on the bottom in order to further improve the precision during the approach phase of the mine. or from the sea mine.

L'utilisation de propulseurs orientables permet éventuellement de projeter la charge contre la mine pour provoquer l'explosion automatique de la charge.The use of orientable thrusters can possibly throw the charge against the mine to cause the charge to explode automatically.

Il est bien entendu possible de prévoir que la bobine qui permet l'enroulement du câble de télécommande soit agencée à bord du vaisseau de surface et que l'autre extrémité du câble de commande soit reliée à l'unité de destruction et à l'engin porteur de charge EPC.It is of course possible to provide that the coil which allows the winding of the remote control cable is arranged on board the surface vessel and that the other end of the control cable is connected to the destruction unit and to the machine EPC charge carrier.

Dans le cas où les moyens de détection MD portés par l'engin porteur de charge EPC comportent une caméra, il est possible d'assurer un asservissement visuel du pilotage de l'engin porteur de charge grâce aux images vidéo fournies par cette caméra, cet asservissement pouvant être effectué tant en positionnement qu'en distance.In the case where the detection means MD carried by the load-carrying vehicle EPC comprise a camera, it is possible to provide visual control of the control of the load-carrying vehicle thanks to the video images provided by this camera, this servo-control which can be carried out both in positioning and in distance.

Claims (22)

Procédé de destruction d'un objet sous-marin, tel que par exemple une mine de fond (MF) ou une mine à orin (MO), qui comporte une étape de détection et/ou d'identification de l'objet comportant la mise en oeuvre de moyens de détection et/ou d'identification de l'objet à une distance supérieure à une distance minimale déterminée dite de sécurité, et une étape de destruction de l'objet, à l'aide d'une charge pyrotechnique (C) dont l'explosion provoque par exemple l'explosion ou la fragmentation de la mine, consistant à mettre en oeuvre une charge (C) qui approche l'objet à partir d'un équipement intermédiaire sous-marin (EF) préalablement mis en place sur le fond ou à une profondeur intermédiaire entre le fond et l'objet, puis à provoquer l'explosion de la charge, caractérisé en ce que la charge (C) est portée par un engin (EPC) qui est mis en oeuvre à partir de l'équipement intermédiaire (EF) auquel il est relié par un câble de liaison (CL) dont la longueur est commandée pour contrôler les déplacements de l'engin (EPC).Method of destroying an underwater object, such as for example a bottom mine (MF) or a mooring mine (MO), which comprises a step of detecting and / or identifying the object comprising the setting using means for detecting and / or identifying the object at a distance greater than a determined minimum safety distance, and a step for destroying the object, using a pyrotechnic charge (C ) whose explosion causes for example the explosion or the fragmentation of the mine, consisting in implementing a load (C) which approaches the object from a submarine intermediate equipment (EF) previously put in place on the bottom or at an intermediate depth between the bottom and the object, then causing the charge to explode, characterized in that the load (C) is carried by a machine (EPC) which is operated from intermediate equipment (EF) to which it is connected by a connecting cable (CL) whose length r is controlled to control the movements of the machine (EPC). Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'engin (EPC) est automoteur et est mis en oeuvre par autopropulsion à partir de l'équipement intermédiaire (EF).Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the machine (EPC) is self-propelled and is implemented by self-propulsion from the intermediate equipment (EF). Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'engin (EPC) est à flottabilité positive vers la surface.Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the machine (EPC) has positive buoyancy towards the surface. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que l'engin (EPC) comporte des moyens commandés de propulsion.Method according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the machine (EPC) comprises controlled propulsion means. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens commandés de propulsion sont des propulseurs fixes et/ou orientables (PO).Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the controlled propulsion means are fixed and / or orientable propellers (PO). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le câble de liaison (CL) est enroulé sur un touret (T) à dévidage commandé.Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting cable (CL) is wound on a reel (T) with controlled unwinding. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le touret est motorisé.Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the reel is motorized. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le touret (T) est porté par l'engin (EPC).Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the drum (T) is carried by the machine (EPC). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'engin porteur de la charge (EPC) comporte des moyens (MG) de guidage de ses déplacements le long de l'orin (O) d'une mine à orin (MO).Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load-carrying device (EPC) comprises means (MG) for guiding its movements along the strand (O) of a strand mine (MO). Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que pour détruire des mines à orin ancrées à de grandes profondeurs, l'équipement intermédiaire (EF) est lui-même accroché à l'orin de la mine par le véhicule sous-marin (VSM) à une profondeur intermédiaire entre le fond et la mine, et en ce que le véhicule porte-charge EPC est commandé à partir du chasseur de mines pour remonter le long de l'orin jusqu'à proximité de la mine, à partir de l'équipement intermédiaire EF accroché à l'orin.Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that, in order to destroy ruddy mines anchored at great depths, the intermediate equipment (EF) is itself attached to the ridge of the mine by the underwater vehicle (VSM) at an intermediate depth between the bottom and the mine, and in that the EPC load-carrying vehicle is controlled from the mine hunter to go up along the rope to near the mine, from the EF intermediate equipment attached to the rope. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'équipement intermédiaire posé sur le fond (EF) est un équipement automoteur qui peut se déplacer sur le fond.Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate equipment placed on the bottom (EF) is self-propelled equipment which can move on the bottom. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'engin porteur de la charge (EPC) est commandé à distance à partir d'un poste de commande des déplacements de l'engin (EPC) et/ou de mise à feu de la charge (C).Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load-carrying device (EPC) is remotely controlled from a position controlling the movements of the device (EPC) and / or setting charge (C). Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'engin porteur de charge (EPC) est relié au poste de commande par un câble de télécommande (CT).Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the load-carrying device (EPC) is connected to the control station by a remote control cable (CT). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'équipement intermédiaire (EF) et l'engin porteur de la charge (EPC) constituent une unité de destruction (UD) qui est mise à l'eau depuis un vaisseau de surface (VS), ou un aéronef.Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate equipment (EF) and the load-carrying vehicle (EPC) constitute a destruction unit (UD) which is launched from a vessel surface (VS), or an aircraft. Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de destruction (UD) est mise en oeuvre par un véhicule sous-marin (VSM) piloté depuis un vaisseau de surface (VS).Method according to Claim 14, characterized in that the destruction unit (UD) is implemented by an underwater vehicle (VSM) controlled from a surface vessel (VS). Procédé selon la revendication 15 prise en combinaison avec la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le poste de commande est agencé à bord d'un vaisseau de surface (VS).A method according to claim 15 taken in combination with claim 13, characterized in that the control station is arranged on board a surface vessel (VS). Procédé selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le câble de télécommande (CT) est dévidé lors de la phase de descente pour la mise en place sur le fond (F) de l'unité de destruction (UD) par le véhicule sous-marin (VSM).Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the remote control cable (CT) is unwound during the descent phase for the placement on the bottom (F) of the destruction unit (UD) by the vehicle under marine (VSM). Procédé selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le câble de télécommande (CT) est connecté à un câble de rallonge qui est enroulé et se dévide à partir d'un touret situé à bord du chasseur de mines.Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the remote control cable (CT) is connected to an extension cable which is wound and unwound from a reel located on board the mine hunter. Procédé selon les revendications 16 et 18, caractérisé en ce que le câble de télécommande (CT) est dévidé lors de la phase de remontée du véhicule sous-marin (VSM) en direction du vaisseau de surface (VS), après la mise en place sur le fond (F) de l'unité de destruction (UD) par le véhicule sous-marin (VSM).Method according to claims 16 and 18, characterized in that the remote control cable (CT) is unwound during the ascent phase of the underwater vehicle (VSM) in the direction of the surface vessel (VS), after installation on the bottom (F) of the destruction unit (UD) by the underwater vehicle (VSM). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens de libération du câble de liaison (CL) pour permettre la récupération à la surface de l'engin porteur de charge (EPC).Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means are provided for releasing the connecting cable (CL) to allow recovery from the surface of the load-carrying vehicle (EPC). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'engin porteur de la charge (EPC) comporte des moyens de détection et/ou d'identification de l'objet.Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load-carrying device (EPC) comprises means for detecting and / or identifying the object. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le câble de télécommande (CT) transmet également l'énergie nécessaire à la mise à feu de la charge.Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the remote control cable (CT) also transmits the energy necessary for igniting the load.
EP95401598A 1994-07-08 1995-07-04 Improved method for the destruction of an underwater object, especially of an underwater sea mine Expired - Lifetime EP0691264B1 (en)

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FR9408463A FR2722164B1 (en) 1994-07-08 1994-07-08 IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF AN UNDERWATER OBJECT, ESPECIALLY FROM A SUBMERSIBLE MINE
FR9408463 1994-07-08

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DE (2) DE69504594T2 (en)
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WO2018033643A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2018-02-22 Heinrich Hirdes Gmbh Method and device for disposing of a piece of unexploded ordnance lying under water
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EP3851368A1 (en) * 2020-01-19 2021-07-21 Alford IP Limited Mine neutralisation system

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FR2722164B1 (en) 1996-09-13
DE69504594D1 (en) 1998-10-15
NO952704D0 (en) 1995-07-07
NO952704L (en) 1996-01-09
DK0691264T3 (en) 1999-06-07
DE69504594T2 (en) 1999-01-28
DE691264T1 (en) 1996-10-10
JPH08193800A (en) 1996-07-30
FR2722164A1 (en) 1996-01-12
JP2813558B2 (en) 1998-10-22
EP0691264B1 (en) 1998-09-09
SG69946A1 (en) 2000-01-25
NO303931B1 (en) 1998-09-28

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