EP0690660A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erwarmen einer strömenden ionischen Flüssigkeit - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erwarmen einer strömenden ionischen Flüssigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0690660A1
EP0690660A1 EP95401569A EP95401569A EP0690660A1 EP 0690660 A1 EP0690660 A1 EP 0690660A1 EP 95401569 A EP95401569 A EP 95401569A EP 95401569 A EP95401569 A EP 95401569A EP 0690660 A1 EP0690660 A1 EP 0690660A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
electrodes
enclosure
diverging
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95401569A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0690660B1 (de
Inventor
Christian Aussudre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite de France SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0690660A1 publication Critical patent/EP0690660A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0690660B1 publication Critical patent/EP0690660B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/60—Heating arrangements wherein the heating current flows through granular powdered or fluid material, e.g. for salt-bath furnace, electrolytic heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for heating a flowing ionic liquid comprising at least one elongated enclosure for circulation of the liquid, two identical electrodes disposed respectively at the inlet and at the outlet of the enclosure and means for generating an electric field between said electrodes arranged to heat the liquid by direct electrical conduction within said liquid.
  • Such heating by direct electrical conduction is also known by the name of "ohmic" heating.
  • the invention also relates to a method of ohmic heating and / or sterilization of a flowing ionic liquid.
  • the scraped surface heat exchangers better suited to liquids with high viscosity, require a long treatment time.
  • the present invention aims to provide a heating device and method which responds better than those previously known to the requirements of practice, in particular in that it makes it possible to obtain very short heating times, of the order of a second, and this in a simple and easy to implement.
  • the invention essentially provides a device for heating a flowing ionic liquid comprising at least one elongated enclosure for circulation of the liquid, two identical electrodes disposed respectively at the inlet and at the outlet of the enclosure and means generating an electric field between said electrodes arranged to heat the liquid by direct electrical conduction within said liquid, characterized in that the enclosure comprises a central tubular zone connected to an inlet convergent and to an outlet diverging, and in that the electrodes are openwork surface elements suitable for being traversed by the liquid and respectively fixed to said inlet converger and to said audit diverging outlet, perpendicular to the direction of flow.
  • the invention also provides a method of heating an ionic liquid flowing in an enclosure between two electrodes between which an electric field is generated arranged to heat the liquid by direct electrical conduction within the liquid, characterized in that a low current density j, for example 40 mA / cm, is generated on the surface of the electrodes.
  • a higher current density for example up to 700 mA / cm, is however also possible in other embodiments of the invention and depending on the materials used.
  • the electric field is alternating.
  • the liquid is passed in a converging box through a first electrode, then in a tubular part, then in a diverging box before discharging it through a second electrode, the alternating voltage applied between the electrodes being between about a few hundred volts, for example 400 volts, and about 5000 volts.
  • the liquid to be heated is passed through three chambers arranged in hydraulic parallel and supplied with three-phase.
  • Figure 1 shows a device 1 for heating an ionic liquid 2 in flow.
  • the device comprises an enclosure 3 made of insulating material, for example PTFE, for circulating the liquid and two identical electrodes 4 and 5, in the form of a surface element, disposed respectively at the inlet 6 and at the outlet 7 of the enclosure .
  • Means 8 for generating an alternating voltage between the electrodes 4 and 5 of between a few hundred volts, for example 400 volts, and 10,000 volts, for example 5000 volts, are also provided.
  • the enclosure 3 comprises a tubular central zone 9, the cross section of which is calculated as a function of the flow rate of the liquid and the desired residence time, of a converging cone 10 for entering the liquid and a diverging cone 11 for leaving the liquid , symmetrical of the cone 10.
  • the internal diameter of the small base 12 of the cones is equal to the internal diameter of the tube 9, the internal diameter of the large bases 13 of the cones being chosen as a function of the electrodes.
  • the cones 10 and 11 are identical, but their dimensions can also be different to take account in particular of the electrical conductivity of the fluids which varies as a function of the temperature.
  • Each cone has, on the side of its large base, an internal shoulder 14, on which the electrodes 4 and 5 are respectively pressed.
  • Each electrode is for example constituted by a metal disc of diameter equal to that of the large base increased on either side of a thickness corresponding to, or slightly less than, the width of the shoulder.
  • the disc is made of a material which depends on the product to be treated. It can be stainless steel, graphite, titanium or platinum alloy, etc.
  • the discs are drilled with holes 15 the number, diameter and distribution of which depend on the flow rate and the viscosity of the liquid to be heated.
  • the invention is not limited to electrodes constituted by perforated plates, but also relates to other embodiments of openwork surface elements such as electrodes in the form of a grid or constituted by housings containing metallic particles.
  • the electrodes are connected to the voltage generator circuit 8, for example via a nut welded at their periphery, said nut receiving a threaded rod provided with a sealing gland (not shown).
  • the device 1 also includes cylindrical housings or flanges 16 and 17, for connection with the supply and discharge circuit of the fluid (not shown). These housings serve as sealing covers at each end and allow the electrodes to be held in place by compressing them on the shoulders. Each housing has a central connection orifice 18 for the inlet or outlet of the fluid 19.
  • Such a device makes it possible to obtain a very short heating time thanks to its geometry. Indeed, the electrical resistance represented by the fluid contained in a cone 10 or 11 is much lower than that of the fluid contained in the central tube 9.
  • the electrical power dissipated, and therefore the heating of the fluid, is therefore carried out almost entirely in the central tube, ie in less than a second depending on the diameter chosen.
  • the inlet cone 10 can also serve as a preheating zone for the product, while the outlet cone can be associated with a rapid cooling device (not shown).
  • the end cones also make it possible to implant electrodes of large diameter and therefore to reduce the current density thereon, which limits the electrochemical phenomena which take place at the metal interface produced.
  • n ° 1 the characteristic parameters of a device of the type described with reference to FIG. 1 are given below for a fluid whose characteristics correspond to table n ° 2, the electrical operating parameters being given in table 3.
  • FLUID CHARACTERISTICS density (kg / m3) 1100 mass heat (J / kg.K) 4000 inlet temperature (° C) 80 input conductivity (S / m) 0.411 outlet temperature (° C) 165 output conductivity (S / m) 0.764 TABLE 2
  • FIG. 2 shows a device 20 comprising three identical enclosures 21, 22, 23, in parallel, hydraulic, for example of the type described above, the electrodes of which are supplied with three-phase.
  • the electrode 26 of the enclosure 21 is in phase (1) (ph 1 in the drawing).
  • the electrode 28 of the enclosure 22 is in phase (2) (ph 2), the electrode 25 of the enclosure 23 is in phase (3) (ph 3).
  • the electrodes 24, 27 and 29 placed at the outlet of the enclosures 21, 22, 23 are connected to the ground and to the neutral of the system.
  • the viscous liquid to be sterilized at 160 ° C for example a dairy product, is supplied with pressure (for example under 4 bars) and introduced into 6 into the enclosure at a temperature of the order of 80 ° C, after preheating.

Landscapes

  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
EP95401569A 1994-06-30 1995-06-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen einer strömenden ionischen Flüssigkeit Expired - Lifetime EP0690660B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9408108A FR2722053B1 (fr) 1994-06-30 1994-06-30 Dispositif et procede de chauffage d'un liquide ionique en ecoulement
FR9408108 1994-06-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0690660A1 true EP0690660A1 (de) 1996-01-03
EP0690660B1 EP0690660B1 (de) 2000-01-19

Family

ID=9464869

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95401569A Expired - Lifetime EP0690660B1 (de) 1994-06-30 1995-06-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen einer strömenden ionischen Flüssigkeit

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0690660B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE189096T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69514579T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0690660T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2143019T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2722053B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3032948T3 (de)
PT (1) PT690660E (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6130990A (en) * 1998-08-25 2000-10-10 Nestec S.A. On-demand direct electrical resistance heating system and method thereof
WO2001041509A1 (fr) * 1999-12-02 2001-06-07 Electricite De France - Service National Dispositif perfectionne de chauffage ohmique d'un fluide, installation incorporant un tel dispositif, ainsi que son procede d'utilisation
WO2013141703A1 (en) * 2012-03-20 2013-09-26 Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek Process for fast and homogeneously heating a liquid product and apparatus for such process
WO2015082944A1 (en) 2013-12-02 2015-06-11 Koós-Varju János Heating element powered by alternating current and heat generator accomplished by the heating element

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105919424B (zh) * 2016-05-24 2019-04-09 平湖科能电器技术有限公司 一种加热机构

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR816004A (fr) * 1936-01-10 1937-07-28 American Magnesium Metals Corp Four électrique à cuve, en particulier pour chauffage direct à résistance
DE945582C (de) * 1953-04-12 1956-07-12 Hans Ulrich Bach Dipl Ing Fluessigkeitserhitzer bzw. Dampferzeuger mit Elektrodenheizung
FR2461425A1 (fr) * 1979-07-06 1981-01-30 Electricite De France Dispositif de chauffage electrique, en continu, d'un produit liquide ou pateux electriquement conducteur, notamment du beton
WO1994011681A1 (en) * 1992-11-12 1994-05-26 Beckswift Limited Electrical apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR816004A (fr) * 1936-01-10 1937-07-28 American Magnesium Metals Corp Four électrique à cuve, en particulier pour chauffage direct à résistance
DE945582C (de) * 1953-04-12 1956-07-12 Hans Ulrich Bach Dipl Ing Fluessigkeitserhitzer bzw. Dampferzeuger mit Elektrodenheizung
FR2461425A1 (fr) * 1979-07-06 1981-01-30 Electricite De France Dispositif de chauffage electrique, en continu, d'un produit liquide ou pateux electriquement conducteur, notamment du beton
WO1994011681A1 (en) * 1992-11-12 1994-05-26 Beckswift Limited Electrical apparatus

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6130990A (en) * 1998-08-25 2000-10-10 Nestec S.A. On-demand direct electrical resistance heating system and method thereof
US6522834B1 (en) 1998-08-25 2003-02-18 Nestec S.A. On-demand direct electrical resistance heating system and method thereof for heating liquid
WO2001041509A1 (fr) * 1999-12-02 2001-06-07 Electricite De France - Service National Dispositif perfectionne de chauffage ohmique d'un fluide, installation incorporant un tel dispositif, ainsi que son procede d'utilisation
FR2802052A1 (fr) * 1999-12-02 2001-06-08 Electricite De France Dispositif perfectionne de chauffage ohmique d'un fluide, installation de traitement d'un fluide incorporant un tel dispositif et procede de traitement d'un fluide par chauffage ohmique
EP1107645A1 (de) * 1999-12-02 2001-06-13 Electricite De France Verbesserte Vorrichtung zur ohmischen Heizung eines flüssigen Körpers, Behandlungsanlage die selbige benutzt, und Behandlungsverfahren eines flüssigen Körpers mittels ohmischer Heizung
US6421501B2 (en) 1999-12-02 2002-07-16 Electricite De France-Service National Heater for resistive heating of a fluid, fluid-treatment apparatus incorporating such a heater, and a method of treating a fluid by resistive heating
WO2013141703A1 (en) * 2012-03-20 2013-09-26 Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek Process for fast and homogeneously heating a liquid product and apparatus for such process
US10433572B2 (en) 2012-03-20 2019-10-08 Stichting Wageningen Research Process for fast and homogeneously heating a liquid product and apparatus for such process
US11259549B2 (en) 2012-03-20 2022-03-01 Stichting Wageningen Research Process for fast and homogeneously heating a liquid product and apparatus for such process
WO2015082944A1 (en) 2013-12-02 2015-06-11 Koós-Varju János Heating element powered by alternating current and heat generator accomplished by the heating element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0690660T3 (da) 2000-06-26
DE69514579T2 (de) 2000-08-10
EP0690660B1 (de) 2000-01-19
FR2722053A1 (fr) 1996-01-05
ATE189096T1 (de) 2000-02-15
DE69514579D1 (de) 2000-02-24
ES2143019T3 (es) 2000-05-01
PT690660E (pt) 2000-06-30
FR2722053B1 (fr) 1996-09-20
GR3032948T3 (en) 2000-07-31

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