EP0689007B1 - Cooling the take-off injector in a combustion chamber with two burner heads - Google Patents

Cooling the take-off injector in a combustion chamber with two burner heads Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0689007B1
EP0689007B1 EP95401466A EP95401466A EP0689007B1 EP 0689007 B1 EP0689007 B1 EP 0689007B1 EP 95401466 A EP95401466 A EP 95401466A EP 95401466 A EP95401466 A EP 95401466A EP 0689007 B1 EP0689007 B1 EP 0689007B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injector
fuel
take
pipe
double
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95401466A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0689007A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Paul Daniel Allary
Denis Jean Maurice Sandelis
Guy D'agostino
Pierre Schroer
Henry Roger Leclerc
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP0689007B1 publication Critical patent/EP0689007B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the cooling of the injector of take-off from a two-head combustion chamber.
  • the idle head In two-head combustion chambers, the idle head is permanently supplied with fuel, whatever the speed of the turbomachine.
  • the take-off head is supplied with fuel only beyond a determined minimum speed which corresponds to approximately 20% of the nominal speed. In idling phase it is therefore necessary to cool the injector properly take-off and in particular the nozzle of the injector which includes the injection orifices of fuel, in order to avoid any problem of coking of the fuel circuits and any problem with fuel vapor plug formation.
  • the CFM56-5B turbojet a solution of cooling which consists in circulating the flow of fuel which feeds the idle injector in the take-off injector.
  • This fuel circulation this take-off injector cools in passing, thus avoiding coking.
  • the injectors of the CFM56-5B are aeromechanical type with double flow per module.
  • the idle injector fuel supply system has two tubes coaxial, and the take-off injector is supplied by a third tube placed at the center of the first two and communicating with the interior of the room combustion through the injection orifices provided in the nozzle. These holes are thus arranged at a relatively great distance from the passage between the ends of the first two tubes.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the cooling of the take-off injector and in particular its tip.
  • the present invention therefore relates to the improvement a double injector fitted to a combustion chamber for two heads of a turbomachine, said double injector comprising a take-off injector comprising a cooling device and furthermore an injector which is supplied with fuel by a first circuit, said injector takeoff having a nozzle provided with fuel injection ports which are fueled by a second circuit separate from the first circuit, double injector in which the first fuel circuit has a first duct which directs the entire flow of fuel supplying said idle injector to the nozzle of the takeoff and a second annular duct which is coaxial with the first duct and which returns said fuel flow to the idle injector, as known from WO-A-94/08179.
  • Reference 1 represents a double injector intended for supplying a double-headed annular combustion chamber of a turbomachine, which comprises a head 2 for its attachment to the outer casing of the turbomachine, an injector takeoff 3, away from the head 2 and an idle injector 4 or pilot disposed at mid-distance between the head 2 and the take-off injector 3.
  • the take-off injector 3 has at its end a take-off nozzle 5 comprising orifices 6 for inject, into the combustion chamber, a flow of fuel introduced into the head 2 through a feed port 7.
  • the idle injector 4 also includes an idle nozzle 8 supplied with a fuel flow introduced into the head 2 through a supply port 9.
  • the take-off nozzle 5 comprises a nozzle 10 mounted in the bore internal 11 of a socket 12, this socket 12 being itself mounted at the end of the hollow body 13 which forms the external wall of the double injector 1.
  • the end piece 10, of axis 14, has a blind axial bore 15 which communicates with the head orifice 9 by a first tube 16, and an annular cavity 17 which communicates with the injection orifices 6.
  • the annular cavity 17 surrounds the blind bore 15 and is separated from the latter by a cylindrical sleeve 18 to the upstream end of which is fixed the end of the first tube 16.
  • This second tube 19 surrounds the first tube 16.
  • An annular space 20 is delimited by the second tube 19, on the one hand, and the sleeve and the hollow body 13, on the other hand. Channels 21 are provided in the end piece 10 in order to put in communication with the blind bore 15 with the annular space 20.
  • the annular space 20 extends from the nozzle 3 to the head 2 of the double injector 1, where it is in permanent communication with the supply channel 22 of the idle head 4. It is externally delimited by a third tube 23 of which the downstream end 24 is tightly fixed to the bush 12.
  • the idle injector 4 supply circuit includes the orifice inlet 9, the internal passage of the first tube 16, the blind bore 15, the channels 21, the annular space 20 and the supply channel 22. Thus, all the flow of fuel Q1 which feeds through the idle injector 4 passes through the channels 21 located in the nozzle 10.
  • the take-off injector 2 supply circuit includes the orifice inlet 7, the annular space 25 delimited by the first tube 16 and the second tube 19, the annular cavity 17 and the injection orifices 6.
  • the orifices injection 6 comprise, from the annular cavity 17, a first portion 6a axial and a second portion 6b inclined radially and tangentially which opens into the combustion chamber.
  • These injection ports 6 are at number six in the example shown in the drawings, but this number could be different from six.
  • the nozzle 10 which constitutes the most hot of the double injector 1 and therefore the part most sensitive to the phenomena of coking, has a large heat exchange surface with all of the fuel flow Q1 of the idle injector 4. This leads to a reduction significant risk of coking residual fuel in the fuel system take-off module by decreasing the temperatures of the circuit circuit walls lift-off. Thermal calculations have shown a substantial gain of 68% over the surface of the walls at risk, in terms of coking, that is to say with a temperature above 200 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne le refroidissement de l'injecteur de décollage d'une chambre de combustion à deux têtes.The present invention relates to the cooling of the injector of take-off from a two-head combustion chamber.

Dans les avions modernes, la lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique, d'une part, et la recherche de performances optimales, d'autre part, peuvent conduire à l'utilisation de chambres de combustion à deux têtes alimentées en carburant par un double injecteur qui comporte une première alimentation pour la tête pilote ou tête de ralenti et une deuxième alimentation pour la tête de décollage.In modern airplanes, the fight against air pollution, on the other hand, and the search for optimal performance, on the other hand, can lead to the use of two-head combustion chambers supplied with fuel by a double injector which includes a first supply for the pilot head or head and a second power supply for the take-off head.

Dans les chambres de combustion à deux têtes, la tête de ralenti est alimentée en permanence en carburant, quel que soit le régime de la turbomachine. En revanche, la tête de décollage n'est alimentée en carburant qu'au delà d'un régime minimum déterminé qui correspond à environ 20 % du régime nominal. En phase de ralenti il est donc nécessaire de refroidir convenablement l'injecteur de décollage et notamment l'embout de l'injecteur qui comporte les orifices d'injection de carburant, afin d'éviter tout problème de cokéfaction des circuits de carburant et tout problème de formation de bouchon de vapeur de carburant.In two-head combustion chambers, the idle head is permanently supplied with fuel, whatever the speed of the turbomachine. On the other hand, the take-off head is supplied with fuel only beyond a determined minimum speed which corresponds to approximately 20% of the nominal speed. In idling phase it is therefore necessary to cool the injector properly take-off and in particular the nozzle of the injector which includes the injection orifices of fuel, in order to avoid any problem of coking of the fuel circuits and any problem with fuel vapor plug formation.

Il a déjà été adopté sur le turboréacteur CFM56-5B une solution de refroidissement qui consiste à faire circuler le débit de carburant qui alimente l'injecteur de ralenti dans l'injecteur de décollage. Cette circulation de carburant refroidit au passage cet injecteur de décollage évitant ainsi la cokéfaction. Cependant, dans cette application particulière, seul le carburant du circuit primaire du circuit de ralenti circule dans la tête de décollage. En effet, les injecteurs du CFM56-5B sont de type aéromécanique à double débit par module. En outre, le circuit d'alimentation du carburant de l'injecteur de ralenti comporte deux tubes coaxiaux, et l'injecteur de décollage est alimenté par un troisième tube disposé au centre des deux premiers et communiquant avec l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion par les orifices d'injection ménagés dans l'embout. Ces orifices sont ainsi disposés à une distance relativement grande du passage entre les extrémités des deux premiers tubes.It has already been adopted on the CFM56-5B turbojet a solution of cooling which consists in circulating the flow of fuel which feeds the idle injector in the take-off injector. This fuel circulation this take-off injector cools in passing, thus avoiding coking. However, in this particular application, only the fuel of the primary circuit of the idling circuit circulates in the take-off head. Indeed, the injectors of the CFM56-5B are aeromechanical type with double flow per module. In addition, the the idle injector fuel supply system has two tubes coaxial, and the take-off injector is supplied by a third tube placed at the center of the first two and communicating with the interior of the room combustion through the injection orifices provided in the nozzle. These holes are thus arranged at a relatively great distance from the passage between the ends of the first two tubes.

Le but de la présente invention est d'améliorer le refroidissement de l'injecteur de décollage et notamment de son embout.The object of the present invention is to improve the cooling of the take-off injector and in particular its tip.

La présente invention concerne donc l'amélioration d'un double injecteur équipant une chambre de combustion à deux têtes d'une turbomachine, ledit double injecteur comportant un injecteur de décollage comprenant un dispositif de refroidissement et en outre un injecteur de ralenti qui est alimenté en carburant par un premier circuit, ledit injecteur de décollage présentant un embout pourvu d'orifices d'injection de carburant qui sont alimentés en carburant par un deuxième circuit séparé du premier circuit, double injecteur dans lequel le premier circuit de carburant comporte un premier conduit qui dirige la totalité du débit de carburant alimentant ledit injecteur de ralenti jusqu'à l'embout de l'injecteur de décollage et un deuxième conduit annulaire qui est coaxial au premier conduit et qui retourne ledit débit de carburant vers l'injecteur de ralenti, tel qu'il est connu par WO-A-94/08179.The present invention therefore relates to the improvement a double injector fitted to a combustion chamber for two heads of a turbomachine, said double injector comprising a take-off injector comprising a cooling device and furthermore an injector which is supplied with fuel by a first circuit, said injector takeoff having a nozzle provided with fuel injection ports which are fueled by a second circuit separate from the first circuit, double injector in which the first fuel circuit has a first duct which directs the entire flow of fuel supplying said idle injector to the nozzle of the takeoff and a second annular duct which is coaxial with the first duct and which returns said fuel flow to the idle injector, as known from WO-A-94/08179.

Selon l'invention, le double injecteur est caractérisé

  • par le fait que le deuxième circuit de carburant comporte un troisième conduit annulaire interposé entre le premier conduit et le deuxième conduit, et
  • par le fait que dans l'embout sont ménagés des canaux permettant le passage du carburant entre le premier conduit et le deuxième conduit, lesdits canaux alternant avec les orifices d'injection dudit embout.
  • According to the invention, the double injector is characterized
  • by the fact that the second fuel circuit comprises a third annular conduit interposed between the first conduit and the second conduit, and
  • by the fact that in the nozzle are formed channels allowing the passage of fuel between the first conduit and the second conduit, said channels alternating with the injection orifices of said nozzle.
  • Grâce à cette disposition, la valeur du débit de carburant de refroidissement est augmentée et les surfaces d'échange thermique dans l'embout sont optimisées.Thanks to this arrangement, the value of the cooling fuel flow is increased and the heat exchange surfaces in the nozzle are optimized.

    D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d'exemple et en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une coupe d'un double injecteur pouvant équiper une chambre de combustion à double tête d'une turbomachine, ledit double injecteur étant muni du dispositif de refroidissement selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe à grande échelle de l'injecteur de décollage du double injecteur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une coupe, selon la ligne III III, de l'embout de l'injecteur de décollage de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 4 montre le schéma de principe de la circulation des débits de carburant qui alimentent l'injecteur de ralenti et l'injecteur de décollage.
  • Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the following description given by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a section of a double injector which can equip a double-head combustion chamber of a turbomachine, said double injector being provided with the cooling device according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a large-scale section of the takeoff injector of the double injector of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a section along line III III of the tip of the take-off injector of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows the basic diagram of the circulation of the fuel flows which supply the idle injector and the take-off injector.
  • La référence 1 représente un double injecteur destiné à l'alimentation d'une chambre de combustion annulaire à double tête d'une turbomachine, qui comporte une tête 2 pour sa fixation sur le carter extérieur de la turbomachine, un injecteur de décollage 3, éloigné de la tête 2 et un injecteur de ralenti 4 ou pilote disposé à mi-distance entre la tête 2 et l'injecteur de décollage 3. L'injecteur de décollage 3 comporte à son extrémité une buse de décollage 5 comportant des orifices 6 pour injecter, dans la chambre de combustion, un débit de carburant introduit dans la tête 2 par un orifice d'alimentation 7. L'injecteur de ralenti 4 comporte également une buse de ralenti 8 alimentée par un débit de carburant intrtroduit dans la tête 2 par un orifice d'alimentation 9. Reference 1 represents a double injector intended for supplying a double-headed annular combustion chamber of a turbomachine, which comprises a head 2 for its attachment to the outer casing of the turbomachine, an injector takeoff 3, away from the head 2 and an idle injector 4 or pilot disposed at mid-distance between the head 2 and the take-off injector 3. The take-off injector 3 has at its end a take-off nozzle 5 comprising orifices 6 for inject, into the combustion chamber, a flow of fuel introduced into the head 2 through a feed port 7. The idle injector 4 also includes an idle nozzle 8 supplied with a fuel flow introduced into the head 2 through a supply port 9.

    La buse de décollage 5 comporte un embout 10 monté dans l'alésage interne 11 d'une douille 12, cette douille 12 étant elle-même montée à l'extrémité du corps creux 13 qui forme la paroi externe du double injecteur 1.The take-off nozzle 5 comprises a nozzle 10 mounted in the bore internal 11 of a socket 12, this socket 12 being itself mounted at the end of the hollow body 13 which forms the external wall of the double injector 1.

    L'embout 10, d'axe 14, présente un alésage axial borgne 15 qui communique avec l'orifice de tête 9 par un premier tube 16, et une cavité annulaire 17 qui communique avec les orifices d'injection 6. La cavité annulaire 17 entoure l'alésage borgne 15 et est séparée de ce dernier par un manchon cylindrique 18 à l'extrémité amont duquel est fixé l'extrémité du premier tube 16. Un deuxième tube 19, fixé à l'extrémité amont de la paroi annulaire qui sépare la cavité annulaire 17 de la douille 12, met en communication la cavité annulaire 17 avec l'orifice de tête 7. Ce deuxième tube 19 entoure le premier tube 16. Un espace annulaire 20 est délimité par le deuxième tube 19, d'une part, et la douille et le corps creux 13, d'autre part. Des canaux 21 sont ménagés dans l'embout 10 afin de mettre en communication l'alésage borgne 15 avec l'espace annulaire 20.The end piece 10, of axis 14, has a blind axial bore 15 which communicates with the head orifice 9 by a first tube 16, and an annular cavity 17 which communicates with the injection orifices 6. The annular cavity 17 surrounds the blind bore 15 and is separated from the latter by a cylindrical sleeve 18 to the upstream end of which is fixed the end of the first tube 16. A second tube 19, fixed to the upstream end of the annular wall which separates the annular cavity 17 of the socket 12, puts the annular cavity 17 in communication with the head orifice 7. This second tube 19 surrounds the first tube 16. An annular space 20 is delimited by the second tube 19, on the one hand, and the sleeve and the hollow body 13, on the other hand. Channels 21 are provided in the end piece 10 in order to put in communication with the blind bore 15 with the annular space 20.

    L'espace annulaire 20 s'étend depuis l'embout 3 jusqu'à la tête 2 du double injecteur 1, où il est en communication permanente avec le canal 22 d'alimentation de la tête de ralenti 4. Il est délimité extérieurement par un troisième tube 23 dont l'extrémité aval 24 est fixée de manière étanche à la douille 12.The annular space 20 extends from the nozzle 3 to the head 2 of the double injector 1, where it is in permanent communication with the supply channel 22 of the idle head 4. It is externally delimited by a third tube 23 of which the downstream end 24 is tightly fixed to the bush 12.

    Le circuit d'alimentation de l'injecteur de ralenti 4 comprend l'orifice d'entrée 9, le passage interne du premier tube 16, l'alésage borgne 15, les canaux 21, l'espace annulaire 20 et le canal d'alimentation 22. Ainsi, tout le débit de carburant Q1 qui alimente par l'injecteur de ralenti 4 transite par les canaux 21 situés dans l'embout 10.The idle injector 4 supply circuit includes the orifice inlet 9, the internal passage of the first tube 16, the blind bore 15, the channels 21, the annular space 20 and the supply channel 22. Thus, all the flow of fuel Q1 which feeds through the idle injector 4 passes through the channels 21 located in the nozzle 10.

    Le circuit d'alimentation de l'injecteur de décollage 2 comprend l'orifice d'entrée 7, l'espace annulaire 25 délimité par le premier tube 16 et le deuxième tube 19, la cavité annulaire 17 et les orifices d'injection 6.The take-off injector 2 supply circuit includes the orifice inlet 7, the annular space 25 delimited by the first tube 16 and the second tube 19, the annular cavity 17 and the injection orifices 6.

    Comme on le voit plus clairement sur les figures 2 et 3, les orifices d'injection 6 comportent, à partir de la cavité annulaire 17, une première portion 6a axiale et une deuxième portion 6b inclinée radialement et tangentiellement qui débouche dans la chambre de combustion. Ces orifices d'injection 6 sont au nombre de six dans l'exemple montré sur les dessins, mais ce nombre pourrait être différent de six.As can be seen more clearly in FIGS. 2 and 3, the orifices injection 6 comprise, from the annular cavity 17, a first portion 6a axial and a second portion 6b inclined radially and tangentially which opens into the combustion chamber. These injection ports 6 are at number six in the example shown in the drawings, but this number could be different from six.

    Les canaux 21, également au nombre de six, alternent circonférentiellement avec les orifices d'injection 6. Ainsi, l'embout 10, qui constitue la partie la plus chaude du double injecteur 1 et donc la partie la plus sensible aux phénomènes de cokéfaction, comporte une surface d'échange thermique importante avec la totalité du débit de carburant Q1 de l'injecteur de ralenti 4. Ceci conduit à une diminution importante des risques de cokéfaction du carburant résiduel dans le circuit du module de décollage par diminution des températures des parois du circuit de décollage. Des calculs de thermique ont démontré un gain substantiel de 68 % sur la surface des parois à risques, en termes de cokéfaction, c'est-à-dire avec une température supérieure à 200°C.Channels 21, also six in number, alternate circumferentially with the injection ports 6. Thus, the nozzle 10, which constitutes the most hot of the double injector 1 and therefore the part most sensitive to the phenomena of coking, has a large heat exchange surface with all of the fuel flow Q1 of the idle injector 4. This leads to a reduction significant risk of coking residual fuel in the fuel system take-off module by decreasing the temperatures of the circuit circuit walls lift-off. Thermal calculations have shown a substantial gain of 68% over the surface of the walls at risk, in terms of coking, that is to say with a temperature above 200 ° C.

    Claims (1)

    1. Double injector (1) for a turbomachine two-head combustion chamber, the said double injector (1) comprising a take-off injector (3) comprising a cooling device and also comprising an idling injector (4) which is supplied with fuel by a first circuit, the said take-off injector (3) having a tip (10) with fuel-injection orifices (6) which are supplied with fuel by a second circuit separate from the first circuit, the first fuel circuit comprising a first pipe (16, 15) which conveys all of the fuel flow (Q1) supplying the said idling injector (4) as far as the tip (10) of the take-off injector (3) and a second, annular, pipe (20) which is coaxial with the first pipe (16) and which returns the said fuel flow (Q1) to the idling injector (4), characterized in that the second fuel circuit comprises a third, annular, pipe (25, 27) inserted between the first pipe (16, 15) and the second pipe (20), and in that ducts (21) are formed in the tip (10), to allow the fuel to pass between the first pipe (16) and the second pipe (20), the said ducts (21) alternating with the injection orifices (6) of the said tip (10).
    EP95401466A 1994-06-22 1995-06-21 Cooling the take-off injector in a combustion chamber with two burner heads Expired - Lifetime EP0689007B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9407624A FR2721694B1 (en) 1994-06-22 1994-06-22 Cooling of the take-off injector of a combustion chamber with two heads.
    FR9407624 1994-06-22

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0689007A1 EP0689007A1 (en) 1995-12-27
    EP0689007B1 true EP0689007B1 (en) 1998-11-11

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP95401466A Expired - Lifetime EP0689007B1 (en) 1994-06-22 1995-06-21 Cooling the take-off injector in a combustion chamber with two burner heads

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    US (1) US5577386A (en)
    EP (1) EP0689007B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP2992456B2 (en)
    DE (1) DE69505895T2 (en)
    FR (1) FR2721694B1 (en)

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0689007A1 (en) 1995-12-27
    DE69505895D1 (en) 1998-12-17
    FR2721694A1 (en) 1995-12-29
    JP2992456B2 (en) 1999-12-20
    FR2721694B1 (en) 1996-07-19
    JPH0814063A (en) 1996-01-16
    DE69505895T2 (en) 1999-06-02
    US5577386A (en) 1996-11-26

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