EP0688917B1 - Panel for roof or wall covering - Google Patents

Panel for roof or wall covering Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0688917B1
EP0688917B1 EP93830487A EP93830487A EP0688917B1 EP 0688917 B1 EP0688917 B1 EP 0688917B1 EP 93830487 A EP93830487 A EP 93830487A EP 93830487 A EP93830487 A EP 93830487A EP 0688917 B1 EP0688917 B1 EP 0688917B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tile
fact
mould
rib
compression
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP93830487A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0688917A1 (en
Inventor
Giorgio Marcello Dal Santo
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE69319355T priority Critical patent/DE69319355T2/en
Priority to EP93830487A priority patent/EP0688917B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article
    • B28B7/364—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article of plastic material or rubber
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/12—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
    • E04D1/16—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of ceramics, glass or concrete, with or without reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/002—Provisions for preventing vegetational growth, e.g. fungi, algae or moss

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention relates to a plate specially shaped which finds a useful application as roof and facade cladding, the provision provides for partial recovery and a process for producing such a plate.
  • Document EP-A-0432115 describes a plate according to the preamble of claim 1 and made of ceramic material.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of products already known, with certain technical modifications and inexpensive, by using the qualitative and aesthetic characteristics of ceramic tiles. This object is achieved by means of a plate according to claim 1.
  • the element has the characteristics of a plate, that is to say that the upper face and that lower end must be parallel and in the same more or less flat plane with possibly reliefs or notches of a few millimeters of maximum height, on one side or on each of them, which occupy a very limited surface compared to the global surface, unless a relief on one side is compensated by a counter-mark on the other and this in order to keep the thickness of the plate constant to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the production of such a plate is obtained according to one of the process claims of the present invention.
  • the technical innovations which have enabled this application in cover provide a solution to the problem of fixing the plates and their replacements and create conduits used to ventilate the overlap zones in order to prevent the development of vegetative forms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

L'objet de la présente invention concerne une plaque spécialement conformée qui trouve une application utile en revêtement de toiture et de façade dont la disposition prévoit un recouvrement partiel et un procédé de réalisation d'une telle plaque.The object of the present invention relates to a plate specially shaped which finds a useful application as roof and facade cladding, the provision provides for partial recovery and a process for producing such a plate.

On connaít de nombreux produits ayant cette fonction, mais ceux-ci ne donnent pas pleine satisfaction parce qu'ils ont une relative résistance aux agents atmosphériques donc un vieillissement précoce dû principalement:

  • 1) au gel qui en cause non seulement refléteront, mais également la rupture.
  • 2) a la pluie, à l'oxygène et aux rayons ultra-violets du soleil qui provoquent une corrosion chimique de la matière avec souvent une décoloration de celle-ci.
  • 3) Aux agressions végétâtes qui engendrent un dégrade esthétique mais également, par dépôt progressif entre les faces superposées, favorisent l'infiltration d'eau et par conséquent obligent un entretien périodique.
    • We know many products with this function, but these are not fully satisfactory because they have a relative resistance to atmospheric agents therefore early aging due mainly:
  • 1) to the gel which in question not only will reflect, but also the rupture.
  • 2) rain, oxygen and ultraviolet rays of the sun which cause chemical corrosion of the material with often discoloration of it.
  • 3) Vegetable aggressions which cause an aesthetic deterioration but also, by progressive deposition between the superimposed faces, favor the infiltration of water and consequently require periodic maintenance.

    • Ajoutons que parmi ceux-ci, les matériaux plus résistants sont les pierres naturelles, mais leurs coûts d'extraction sont devenus onéreux et les artisans sachant les poser sont de moins en moins nombreux avec des conséquences sur le coût global posé de la couverture.
    Le document EP-A-0432115 décrit une plaque selon le préambule de la revendication 1 et réalisée en matériau céramique.
    La présente invention a comme but de remédier aux inconvénients des produits déjà connus, moyennant certaines modifications techniques et peu coûteuses, en utilisant les caractéristiques qualitatives et esthétiques des carreaux céramiques. Ce but est atteint grâce à une plaque selon la revendication 1.     Let us add that among these, the most resistant materials are natural stones, but their extraction costs have become expensive and craftsmen who know how to install them are less and less numerous with consequences on the overall cost of the roofing.
    Document EP-A-0432115 describes a plate according to the preamble of claim 1 and made of ceramic material.
    The present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of products already known, with certain technical modifications and inexpensive, by using the qualitative and aesthetic characteristics of ceramic tiles. This object is achieved by means of a plate according to claim 1.

    Ces plaques sont obtenues par pressage à sec de très forte intensité, de différentes argiles plastiques réfractaires riche en fer, mélangées à de la silice, des feldpaths, etc.., dans des proportions très précises, et finement moulues pour garantir une qualité, un calibre et une planéité qui doit rester constante malgré une température de cuisson de plus de 1150°-1200° dans des fours rapides généralement à rouleaux qui imposent une base d'appui de la face inférieure de la plaque dans un même plan pour assurer son intégrité lors de son avancement dans ce genre de four.These plates are obtained by dry pressing of very high intensity, different plastic clays iron-rich refractories, mixed with silica, feldpaths, etc., in very precise proportions, and finely ground to guarantee quality, size and a flatness which must remain constant despite a cooking temperature over 1150 ° -1200 ° in fast furnaces generally with rollers which impose a support base of the underside of the plate in a same plan to ensure its integrity during its advancement in this kind of oven.

    Cette technologie produit une structure très compacte, très dure, avec une porosité pratiquement nulle, c'est pourquoi les propriétés d'être complètement antigélif, anti-acide, insensible aux écarts thermiques, aux rayons ultra-violet de la lumière, résistant à la flexion, à l'abrasion, etc.. qui sont tous des avantages qui garantissent un longévité et une inaltérabilité exceptionnelles de la couverture.This technology produces a very compact structure, very hard, with practically zero porosity, this is why the properties of being completely antifreeze, anti-acid, insensitive to thermal variations, to rays ultraviolet light, resistant to bending, to abrasion, etc. which are all benefits that guarantee longevity and inalterability exceptional coverage.

    Mais cette technologie qui utilise de l'argile à l'état de poudre sèche, pressée avec un fort tonnage, limite fortement la conformation de l'élément en un corps pratiquement plat. Cette limitation est due au fait que:

  • a) Le remplissage d'un moule avec de la poudre est plus facile et rapide si celui-ci est en position horizontale plutôt qu'à la verticale, ou la poudre devrait le remplir par gravité, donc le prix de revient est plus économique.
  • b) La poudre doit être déposée avec une épaisseur strictement uniforme pour éviter des différentiels de pressage, qui provoquent inévitablement la rupture de l'élément en phase de cuisson, et par conséquent contraint l'utilisation d'un moule plat.
    • But this technology which uses clay in the state of dry powder, pressed with a large tonnage, strongly limits the conformation of the element into a practically flat body. This limitation is due to the fact that:
  • a) Filling a mold with powder is easier and faster if it is in a horizontal position rather than vertically, or the powder should fill it by gravity, so the cost price is more economical.
  • b) The powder must be deposited with a strictly uniform thickness to avoid pressing differentials, which inevitably cause the element to rupture during the baking phase, and consequently constrains the use of a flat mold.

    • Pour ces raisons, l'élément a les caractéristiques d'une plaque, c'est à dire que la face supérieure et celle inférieure dot être parallèle et dans un même plan plus ou moins plat avec éventuellement des reliefs ou des encoches de quelques millimètres de hauteur au maximum, sur une des faces ou sur chacunes d'elles, qui occupent une surface fort limitée par rapport à la surface globale, à moins qu'un relief sur une face ne soit compensé par une contre-marque sur l'autre et ce dans le but de maintenir l'épaisseur de la plaque constante pour éviter les inconvénients cités précédemment.
    La réalisation d'une telle plaque est obtenue selon l'une des revendications de procédé de la présente invention.
    Les innovations techniques qui ont permis cette application en couverture apportent une solution au problème de la fixation des plaques et leurs remplacements et créent des conduits servant à ventiler les zones de recouvrement dans le but d'empêcher le développement de formes végétatives.    For these reasons, the element has the characteristics of a plate, that is to say that the upper face and that lower end must be parallel and in the same more or less flat plane with possibly reliefs or notches of a few millimeters of maximum height, on one side or on each of them, which occupy a very limited surface compared to the global surface, unless a relief on one side is compensated by a counter-mark on the other and this in order to keep the thickness of the plate constant to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above.
    The production of such a plate is obtained according to one of the process claims of the present invention.
    The technical innovations which have enabled this application in cover provide a solution to the problem of fixing the plates and their replacements and create conduits used to ventilate the overlap zones in order to prevent the development of vegetative forms.

    L'invention sera mieux comprise dans la description détaillée qui suit, ou les illustrations citées uniquement comme exemple et dont:

  • 1) La figure 1 est une vue en plan d'une plaque et montre que la fixation de celle-ci a été possible en positionnant un série de trous (1) dans les zones de recouvrement (2). Sachant combien il est difficile de remplacer un élément qui est cloué ou visé à ces endroits, il a été estimé très avantageux l'utilisation de trous à forme de boutonnière ( 3 ) , déjà en usage dans plusieurs domaines, et qui permettent le remplacement aisé par décrochage d'une seule plaque sans intéresser le démontage des plaques contiguës.La réalisation de ces trous, trop coûteuse à effectuer après la cuisson, vu la dureté du matériau et la complexité du trou, sont obtenus en phase de pressage.Ceci a comporté une innovation très importante car il fallait éviter les tensions qui se créent quant il y a un pressage différentiel. Pour en éviter les inconvénients de rupture, il a été conçu un moule muni de pointue qui empêchent à l'argile, lors du remplissage, de prendre la place des trous. De cette manière on obtient un pressage uniforme et, en rétractant les pointue ou en soulevant le tampon inférieur, des trous de la forme désirées.On a ainsi solutionné le perçage des plaques qui était un sérieux obstacle pour l'utilisation du grès en couverture.
  • 2) Il est bien connu que les zones de recouvrement, dans une couverture réalisée avec un produit plat, reste très longtemps humide même bien après les précipitations atmosphériques. De plus, cette humidité souvent constante, retient petit à petit la poussière qui y pénètre poussée par les vents, et donc au fil du temps se crée un dépôt d'humus qui donnera naissance avec le concours de la lumière, à différents organismes végétaux et en particulier les mousses. Pour éviter cette dégradation, qui en plus nécessite une manutention périodique, la présente invention empêche ce dépôt progressif dans les zones de recouvrement, en créant entre elles des conduits (4) illustrés à la figure 3 ayant la fonction de les ventiler pour les maintenir sèches le plus possible afin d'éviter lesdits inconvénients. La figure 3 montre que les conduits (4) sont réalisés au moyen de nervures (5) en relief et des encoches (6) par rapport aux faces et qui sont intelligemment positionné sur l'une ou chacunes des faces réciproquement superposées, pour empêcher l'infiltration de l'eau de pluie résultant des intempéries atmosphériques tout en canalisant l'air entre ces zones dans le but de maintenir les conduits toujours dégagé et de sécher l'humidité présente ainsi que celle provoquée par la condensation. Ces conduits peuvent dans certain cas être ouvert du côté de la sous-toiture pour accélérer le flux de l'air.La réalisation des nervures en relief ou des encoches, qui doivent avoir une hauteur la majeur possible mais compatible avec la technologie décrite qui elle est très sensible à un pressage non uniforme, a été possible en pratiquant des incisions dans une épaisseur de gomme synthétique recouvrant les faces des 2 tampons constituant le moule, et qui, par compression de cet épaisseur de gomme la déforme latéralement comprimant à son tour les côtés des nervures et ce dans le but de compenser le différentiel de pressage résultant de l'espace supplémentaire que les incisions offrent à la matière qui doit être pressée.De cette manière on a obtenu des reliefs de l'ordre de quelque millimètres. On peut également obtenir le même résultat en opposant à une nervure en relief, une encoche de la même section et vis versa.
  • 3) En utilisant cette technique on a réalisé également une série de nervures (7) montrées en figure 2, positionnée sur la face inférieur de la plaque, ayant comme objet d'empêcher, et ce quel que soit la découpe pratiquée dans la plaque, une pénétraient d'eau par également latérale le long de cette face. Ces nervures ont donc la fonction de "goutte d'eau" et en plus forme un même plan pour permettre un avancement sans déformation dans un four à rouleaux. Ces nervures peuvent également convoyer les gouttes d'eau résultant de la formation de condensation, en direction de la face supérieur de la plaque située en-dessous de celle-ci. On notera également que l'utilisation d'un matériau céramique très compact tel que le grès, résultera avantageux contre la formation des différentes formes de lichen qui eu se développent sur la surface des matériaux à partir d'une combinaison d'une certaine porosité avec une détérioration chimique de la matière.Le bon calibrage dimensionnel de l'épaisseur et de la planéité des plaques ainsi que le fait quelles soient préforées avec des trous qui permettent même un remplacement aisé, rendent la pose très facile et rapide avec par conséquent une opportunité pour une main d'oeuvre peu spécialisée et une sérieuse épargne sur les coûts.Il est évident qu'à la présente invention on pourra apporter de nombreuses modifications aux détails de fabrication, de nature à favoriser son application pratique sans que pour autant on ne sorte du cadre de l'invention telle que décrite dans les revendications.
    • The invention will be better understood in the detailed description which follows, or in the illustrations cited only as an example and of which:
  • 1) Figure 1 is a plan view of a plate and shows that the fixing thereof was possible by positioning a series of holes (1) in the overlap areas (2). Knowing how difficult it is to replace an element which is nailed or aimed at these places, it was considered very advantageous to use holes in the form of buttonholes (3), already in use in several fields, and which allow easy replacement by unhooking a single plate without involving the disassembly of the adjoining plates. The production of these holes, too costly to perform after baking, given the hardness of the material and the complexity of the hole, are obtained during the pressing phase. a very important innovation because it was necessary to avoid the tensions which are created when there is a differential pressing. To avoid the disadvantages of rupture, a mold has been designed fitted with a point which prevents the clay, during filling, from taking the place of the holes. In this way we obtain a uniform pressing and, by retracting the pointed ones or by lifting the lower pad, holes of the desired shape. We thus solved the drilling of the plates which was a serious obstacle for the use of sandstone in roofing.
  • 2) It is well known that the covering zones, in a covering made with a flat product, remain very long wet even well after atmospheric precipitation. In addition, this often constant humidity gradually retains the dust which penetrates it pushed by the winds, and therefore over time a humus deposit is created which will give rise, with the help of light, to different plant organisms and especially foams. To avoid this degradation, which in addition requires periodic handling, the present invention prevents this progressive deposition in the overlap zones, by creating between them conduits (4) illustrated in FIG. 3 having the function of ventilating them to keep them dry. as much as possible in order to avoid said drawbacks. Figure 3 shows that the conduits (4) are made by means of ribs (5) in relief and notches (6) relative to the faces and which are intelligently positioned on one or each of the reciprocally superimposed faces, to prevent the infiltration of rainwater resulting from atmospheric weather while channeling air between these zones in order to keep the ducts always clear and to dry the humidity present as well as that caused by condensation. These ducts can in certain cases be opened on the side of the roofing to accelerate the air flow. The realization of the raised ribs or notches, which must be as high as possible but compatible with the technology described which it is very sensitive to non-uniform pressing, was possible by making incisions in a thickness of synthetic rubber covering the faces of the 2 pads constituting the mold, and which, by compression of this thickness of rubber deforms it laterally in turn compressing the sides of the ribs and this in order to compensate for the pressing differential resulting from the additional space that the incisions offer to the material to be pressed. In this way, reliefs of the order of a few millimeters were obtained. We can also obtain the same result by opposing a raised rib, a notch of the same section and vice versa.
  • 3) Using this technique, a series of ribs (7) shown in FIG. 2 has also been produced, positioned on the underside of the plate, having the object of preventing, regardless of the cutout made in the plate, also penetrated by water sideways along this face. These ribs therefore have the function of "drop of water" and in addition form a single plane to allow advancement without deformation in a roller oven. These ribs can also convey the drops of water resulting from the formation of condensation, towards the upper face of the plate situated below it. It will also be noted that the use of a very compact ceramic material such as sandstone, will be advantageous against the formation of the various forms of lichen which have developed on the surface of the materials from a combination of a certain porosity with a chemical deterioration of the material. The good dimensional calibration of the thickness and the flatness of the plates as well as the fact that they are pre-perforated with holes which allow even an easy replacement, make the installation very easy and fast with consequently an opportunity for a low-skilled workforce and a serious saving on costs. It is obvious that with the present invention it will be possible to make numerous modifications to the details of manufacture, such as to favor its practical application without necessarily of the scope of the invention as described in the claims.

    • Claims (10)

    1. Tile for roofing and/or exterior wall-covering, obtained by placing said tiles one upon the other with an area (2) of partial superimposition, said tile being of a substantially flat shape and having ridges (5) or grooves (6) impressed upon the abovementioned overlapping areas, in order to construct ventilation ducts allowing sufficient ventilation to impede the deposit of dirt and dust and having holes (1) in the shape of eyelets (3) for the fastening and substitution of tiles, these eyelets being situated in the aforementioned superimposed areas where they are protected, characterised by the fact that the tile is made of single-fired, freeze-proof, ordinary or fine-quality porcelainized stoneware ceramic, with the possibility of their being glazed.
    2. A tile fashioned according to claim number 1, characterised by the fact that the bottom surface of said tile contains a series of ribs (7) to avoid, in the event that the tile should be sectioned, the penetration of water by lateral flow along this surface of the tile and, in the case of condensation, to guide drops of water down onto the upper surface of an underlying tile.
    3. A tile made according to claim number 2, characterised by the fact that the ridges (7) of the bottom face of the tile are parallel.
    4. A tile fashioned according to the previous claims, characterised by the fact that some of the ridges (5) in the overlapping areas are "S"-shaped.
    5. A tile fashioned according to claim number 4, characterised by the fact that two consecutive ribs (5) form a channel (4) in changeable sections.
    6. A rooftop composed of tiles according to the preceding claims.
    7. The process of making a tile obtained by the compression of matter within a mould for the construction of a tile according to claim number 1, characterised by the fact that, to obtain a rib, the inner surface of the mould is covered with a layer of synthetic rubber, in such a way that incisions are made in the layer of the abovementioned rubber, which, when compressed, deforms laterally, pressing in its turn the sides of said rib so as to compensate for the difference in pressure resulting from the additional space that the incision offers to the material to be pressed.
    8. The process of making a tile obtained by the compression of matter in a mould for the construction of a tile according to claim number 1, characterised by the fact that, to obtain a rib, a section of the surface of the mould opposite from that corresponding to the rib is altered to the exact dimensions of the rib itself, in the form of a groove.
    9. The process of making a tile obtained by the compression of matter within a mould in order to create a tile according to claim number 1, characterised by the fact that the holes (1) are made during the compression process by using a die situated in one side of the mould in the place of the hole in such a way that, during the filling process, the matter to be compressed is impeded from occupying the space reserved for the hole, avoiding thus any differences in compression weight.
    10. A procedure according to claim 5, characterised by the fact that the holes (1) are obtained by pulling out the dies or by removing the abovementioned mould.
    EP93830487A 1993-12-01 1993-12-01 Panel for roof or wall covering Expired - Lifetime EP0688917B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE69319355T DE69319355T2 (en) 1993-12-01 1993-12-01 Plate for roof or wall cladding
    EP93830487A EP0688917B1 (en) 1993-12-01 1993-12-01 Panel for roof or wall covering

    Applications Claiming Priority (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP93830487A EP0688917B1 (en) 1993-12-01 1993-12-01 Panel for roof or wall covering

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0688917A1 EP0688917A1 (en) 1995-12-27
    EP0688917B1 true EP0688917B1 (en) 1998-06-24

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP93830487A Expired - Lifetime EP0688917B1 (en) 1993-12-01 1993-12-01 Panel for roof or wall covering

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    EP (1) EP0688917B1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69319355T2 (en)

    Family Cites Families (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE89870C (en) *
    DE1140849B (en) * 1960-09-19 1962-12-06 Ziegelwerke Bott K G Device for the production of concrete slabs with a web set back from the outer side edge
    NL273172A (en) * 1961-01-12
    IT1236286B (en) * 1989-12-07 1993-02-02 Santo Giorgio Marcello Dal ELEMENT FOR COVERINGS AND / OR ROOF COVERINGS.

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    Publication number Publication date
    DE69319355D1 (en) 1998-07-30
    EP0688917A1 (en) 1995-12-27
    DE69319355T2 (en) 1999-11-04

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