Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
  • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
  • E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
  • E02F5/104—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water
  • E02F5/105—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water self-propulsed units moving on the underwater bottom
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
  • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
  • E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
  • E02F5/104—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water
  • E02F5/107—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water using blowing-effect devices, e.g. jets
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
  • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
  • E02F5/12—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with equipment for back-filling trenches or ditches

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for filling a trench dug in the seabed, to cover a pipe deposited in said trench.
• pipeline in the sense of the present invention, is meant a tubular, rigid or flexible pipe, a pipe comprising a bundle of conduits of the umbilical type, an electric power or signal transmission cable or a set of such conduits or cables arranged side -beside.
• the burial operation can be carried out at the same time as the operation of laying the pipeline on the seabed, as described for example in the prior patents of the applicant company FR-A-2 455 235 and FR- A-2 475 681, or later, after the pipeline has previously been laid on the seabed.
• it is commonly deposited at a certain distance below the surface of the seabed.
• the latter can have a substantially rectangular section, more or less narrow and deep, or a V-shaped section fairly wide open or any other intermediate form.
• the trench can, in certain cases, be filled spontaneously in a more or less partial way, but insofar as the thickness of the material thus deposited, even if it can be relatively important in places, varies in an unpredictable way and difficult to control, it It is necessary to ensure the complete filling of the trench in a certain way, in particular in the case of weakly consolidated grounds.
• the total covering of a pipe up to the level of the seabed surface makes it possible, in particular in the case of pipes for transporting fluids such as hydrocarbons at high temperature. and under high pressure, to limit the development of loops which risk forming by buckling due to the increase in length of the pipe under the effect of temperature and / or pressure.
• the burial of the pipe also improves its thermal insulation.
• equipment comprising blades which scrape the seabed over a certain width, in the manner of public works machines of the "Scraper" type.
• Such equipment makes it possible to clear and transport, for depositing them in the trench, quantities of material coming from the underwater soil, in particular a portion of the spoil deposited laterally on either side of the trench during the prior operation. digging, as well as terrain elements mechanically extracted from the surface part of the submarine soil on either side of the trench.
• Such equipment is bulky and heavy, costly to produce and implement and requires high tensile forces to move it along the trench to be filled.
• JP-A-56 59932 It has also been proposed (JP-A-56 59932) to fill a trench dug for the laying of a pipe by projecting water under pressure using two nozzles arranged on either side of the trench at the rear end of the burial machine, and oriented towards the rear so as to return in the direction of the trench, elements of land removed from the slopes that have been formed on each side of the trench by the excavated material deposited laterally during digging said trench.
• the efficiency of such a device is very low and a minimal, irregular and random part of the fill material reaches the bottom of the trench to cover the pipe, which does not make it possible to satisfactorily fill said trench, the device can even, in certain circumstances, widen the trench instead of filling it.
• the present invention proposes to provide a device for filling a trench dug in the seabed, for effectively covering a pipe deposited in said trench, which is light, relatively economical and easy to make and to set up, and which opposes weak resistance to its progression along the trench to be filled.
• the device according to the present invention is essentially characterized by the fact that it comprises two sets of nozzles arranged at low height above the seabed, on either side of said trench dug in it, said nozzles being oriented in the direction of the seabed and in the direction of said trench and being supplied with pressurized water to continuously project water jets into the ground constituting the underwater ground on either side of the trench, so as to deposit elements of said terrain in the trench as the device progresses along the trench and thus at least partially fill the latter, guide means being provided to channel the flows created by the nozzles.
• terrain elements within the meaning of the invention means elements of the submarine soil in place on either side of the trench, as well as the cuttings arranged in beads on either side of the trench and coming from the prior digging of the trench.
• the nozzles according to the invention are arranged so that their mouths are situated at a height less than 50 cm, and preferably less than 10 cm relative to the seabed.
• the mouths of the nozzles are in fact preferably located as close as possible to the seabed, the mouths of certain nozzles, in particular at the rear of the device may even be below the surface of the seabed.
• each nozzle advantageously relative to the horizontal an angle between 5 ° and 80 th, and preferably between 10 ° and 60 °.
• the nozzle assemblies are preferably symmetrical to each other with respect to a vertical median plane of the device.
• the nozzles are oriented towards the rear with respect to the direction of progression of the filling device according to the invention and advantageously form an angle between 5 ° and 80 "and in particular between 20 ° and 60 ° with respect to a vertical plane perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device.
• the axes of the nozzles of each of the two assemblies can all be mutually parallel, in two directions respectively symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device.
• the axes of the two assemblies are arranged, respectively, in two oblique planes inclined relative to the horizontal, but have varied values of the angles of orientation relative to the plane of symmetry.
• the angle of orientation of the different nozzles with respect to a vertical plane perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry can go on increasing regularly from front to rear.
• the axes of each of the two sets are contained in respectively parallel vertical planes, but they have various angles of inclination with respect to the horizontal, in particular regularly increasing values from the front towards the back.
• the characteristics of the device such as the number, the arrangement and the angles of orientation. nozzles, so that the device is capable of achieving regular covering of the pipe.
• the means for guiding the flows created by the nozzles comprise a set of guide nozzles supplied with water under pressure and oriented towards the rear.
• the guide nozzles are arranged above, at a height preferably between 10 cm and 1 m, and over the entire width of the area occupied by the main nozzles.
• the guide nozzles can be roughly arranged in the same horizontal plane, or alternatively, at various heights having a configuration symmetrical with respect to the median plane of symmetry of the device, the central guide nozzles being then raised relative to the nozzles of lateral guides.
• the axes of the guide nozzles are horizontal, or have a slight inclination relative to the horizontal plane of the bottom, preferably less than 10 °.
• the axes of the guide nozzles are parallel to the median plane of symmetry.
• the axes may have angles of values symmetrical with respect to the median plane of symmetry, preferably less than 20 ° and be oriented slightly convergent towards the rear and the outside of the device.
• the water jets emitted by the guide nozzles create, by reaction, a forward thrust force which applies to the device and the horizontal component of which can be used to carry out all or part of the propulsion effort allowing the progression of the device along the pipeline.
• the guide means comprise a cover covering the space delimited by the nozzle assemblies and making it possible to channel the liquid flows caused by the action of the jets leaving the nozzles in the space between the seabed and the hood.
• hood within the meaning of the present invention means a structure capable of forming a screen above the flows created by the nozzles to channel these flows.
• This screen defines a separation surface with respect to the mass of water surrounding it, this separation surface being able to be waterproof or not, continuous or not, it being understood that it is sufficient, for a satisfactory implementation of the invention, that the flow of water capable of passing through this separation surface is limited, in particular preferably less than half the total flow of the water jets emitted by the nozzles.
• the cover can be formed by a continuous or discontinuous flexible structure, such as for example fabric, canvas, ribbons or strips, the structure being retained by positioning elements arranged on at least part of its periphery such as ballast elements, or rigid elongate elements forming a peripheral frame.
• the flexible structure constituting the cover can also be, in the case mentioned below where the nozzle assemblies are produced in hollow arms, positioned by being fixed to these hollow arms which can themselves be made of flexible or rigid material, or be elongated elements of the peripheral frame mentioned above.
• the flexible structure can be stiffened by elongated structural elements acting like the whales of an umbrella.
• the cover can also according to the invention consist mainly or exclusively of rigid elements, such as continuous or perforated plates, waterproof or non-waterproof, gratings or elongated structural elements.
• the cover has a central part joined to two lateral parts which extend to the nozzle assemblies, the central part of the cover above the trench being disposed at a greater height than said lateral parts.
• the cover is preferably completed on each side by two external side walls, arranged outside the mouths of the nozzle assemblies with respect to the direction of the nozzles oriented towards the trench.
• the cover is completed by a front wall and a rear wall arranged between the front and rear end edges of the cover and the seabed.
• the front and rear walls advantageously have an opening, interrupting the lower edge of the walls in its central part.
• the device may further comprise a longitudinal central partition disposed under said cover, the height of said partition being less than or equal to the free height separating the cover from the seabed.
• the cover can also be formed by a combination of rigid elements, such as plates, and flexible elements, such as fabric or canvas.
• rigid elements such as plates
• flexible elements such as fabric or canvas.
• the two lateral parts, and possibly also the external lateral walls can be made up of rigid elements, the central part being made up of flexible elements.
• the device comprises structural elements, vertical or oblique, arranged above the seabed in the central part of the space delimited laterally by the two sets of nozzles ensuring the filling of the trench.
• the height of said structural elements above the seabed is less than half the transverse distance between the two sets of nozzles perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the device.
• said structural elements are arranged under said cover, in its central part, the height of said structural elements being less than or equal to the free height separating the cover from the seabed.
• the structural elements are not continuous so as to allow the flow of mud flowing between the hood and the seabed to pass, but they constitute an obstacle with respect to this flow in the manner of baffles. They can be produced in the form of a plurality of separate flat or curved elements, such as blades of small width and more or less significant height such as fins, of vertical or oblique orientation. One can also use substantially cylindrical elements, advantageously rigid, such as bars or such non-rigid elements more or less curved under the effect liquid current like brush bristles for example. Alternatively, the structural elements can be perforated continuous elements such as perforated plates.
• these distinct structural elements or the perforations in the plates can be staggered to impose a winding path to the current.
• Such structural elements favor the slowing down of the stream of water loaded with soil particles and can contribute to increasing the amount of soil deposited in the trench and / or reducing the bulk of the device.
• the device according to the present invention causes the disaggregation and the extraction of the elements of the ground in place in the vicinity of the trench and / or of the possible beads of residues located along edges of the trench and coming from the prior operation of digging the trench. These soil elements and / or residues are then suspended and transported by the water flows emitted by the nozzle, then are deposited in the trench by decantation so as to ensure regular recovery of the pipe in place in the trench. .
• the orientation of the liquid flows is progressively modified by approaching the median plane of the device to become substantially parallel to the direction of the trench, at the same time as the flow speed is considerably reduced in the central part of the device.
• each of the sets of nozzles is produced in the form of at least one row, the rows of the two sets of nozzles arranged on either side of the trench preferably having symmetry by relative to a vertical plane.
• the filling operation can be carried out by positioning the plane of symmetry of the device so as to make it contain the axis of the canalization to be covered.
• the calibrated mouth orifices of the nozzles of each row are advantageously available aligned or substantially aligned along a straight line parallel or slightly inclined relative to the plane of the seabed, said line forming with the plane of symmetry of the device a preferably lower angle. at 60 ° and in particular less than 30 °.
• the flow of water necessary for the nozzles of the same row is supplied by the same pipe supplied with seawater under pressure.
• the nozzles of the same row are mounted aligned along a hollow arm and ⁇ ispo ⁇ é ⁇ in advantageously rectilinear parts of the arms.
• the arms are used to support the nozzles and to convey the pressurized water and are made so as to have sufficient rigidity to ensure correct positioning of the nozzles with respect to the trench, taking into account the weight of the equipment and of the force exerted, in especially the jet reaction.
• the device further comprises balancing nozzles, oriented towards the outside of the device, and preferably having a rising inclination towards the outside.
• the balancing nozzles can be mounted on the hollow arms serving as support for the main nozzles and supplied with pressurized water.
• the mouths of the balancing nozzles are arranged outside of the elements constituting the device according to the invention, in particular outside of the external lateral walls of the cover, when a cover is provided.
• the front part of the hollow arms, in the direction of progression of the device along the trench is mounted at the rear of a mobile frame supporting the device and comprising at least a pump, this assembly being able to be fixed, or articulated and rotary, for example a rotary assembly with a horizontal axis with a rotating joint for the passage of water from the pump or pumps, so as to allow the device according to the invention to tilt and raise vertically relative to its support frame .
• the pump or pumps can be mounted, not on the mobile chassis, but on a ship providing control of operations and the remote control of the mobile chassis from the surface, the pump or pumps being connected to the mobile chassis, in particular by a pipe. conveying water under pressure.
• the hollow arms are advantageously open at their front part to connect the internal volume of the arms to pipes connected to the pump or pumps mounted on the movable frame for the water supply of the nozzles, and being closed at the rear so as to distribute the flow rate of the pump (s) between the nozzles mounted on the arm.
• the device according to the invention comprises at least two hollow arms ⁇ ymmetrical relative to the vertical median plane of the device, the nozzles carried respectively by the two arms also being symmetrical with respect to said vertical plane of symmetry of the device.
• Le ⁇ two arms are arranged in a plane substantially parallel to the seabed when installed in the working position.
• the distance between the lower edges of different parts of the device and the surface of the sea floor is zero or of the order of a few centimeters, preferably less than 10 cm.
• the trench filling device can be coupled to the burial machine used simultaneously to dig the trench, this machine then constituting the mobile chassis supporting the device and preferably comprising the or the pumps supplying the water nozzles.
• the active part of the arms carrying the nozzles should be placed at a sufficient distance behind the burial machine so that the intermediate part of the pipe, which has an S-shaped curve between the part placed on the bottom at the front and the part posed in the trench at the rear, is positioned in front of the nozzles so that the filling of the trench begins from where the canalization reached the bottom of the trench.
• the filling operation is carried out separately, after the trench has been dug, the pipe having previously been deposited in the trench either by a simultaneous combined laying operation from the laying vessel and digging of the trench by the underwater digging machine, either by a separate digging operation, carried out after or before the pipeline has been laid at the bottom from the laying ship.
• this movable frame may be of any known type, for example with tracks, on wheels, or with side skids, and can be either towed from a ship or self-propelled and remotely controlled from the surface.
• the trench filling device according to the invention can, in practice, be mounted in place of the digging device by jetting on the same light movable frame used for the preliminary operation of digging the trench.
• the mounting of the device according to the invention comprises a rotary assembly of horizontal axis with preferably a rotating joint for the passage of water from the or the pump so as to be able to tilt and raise vertically the device.
• Handling on board the vessel and putting the device in the water with the crossing of the air / water interface are carried out in folded position, to reduce the bulk and limit the reaction of the water and the effects of swell -which make the operation more difficult.
• the device can then be tilted and returned to horizontal working position when it is pushed to the bottom, the device can thus be fixedly mounted by embedding on the movable door frame.
• the device can be produced in two symmetrical halves connected along the center line of the central part of the cover.
• these two halves can be articulated one on the other around a horizontal axis, which makes it possible to reduce the size of the device for handling and handling in water by folding the two halves one against the other.
• the cover, and the walls associated therewith can be produced in the form of a folding assembly, comprising elements that can rotate around an axis, for example vertical, so as to reduce the surface subjected to the effects hydrodynamics.
• the device according to the invention can be connected to the mobile chassis by a rotary coupling of horizontal axis perpendicular to the median plane of symmetry of the device so as to be able to rotate around said axis.
• the device can thus include a rear support member, for example two lateral wheels enabling it to follow any irregularities in the underwater ground.
• the device may also include a jack between a point of attachment on the movable frame and a point of retention on the device to control its inclination.
• the device can be produced using the techniques of flexible, inflatable structure, the rigid braids being replaced by tight flexible tubes which are rigidified under the effect of the pressure of the water coming from the or pumps. It is thus possible to reduce the size of the device during launching and descent.
• the slight overpressure in the volume of water trapped under the hood makes it possible to tighten and stiffen the various flexible elements constituting the structure of the device and to compensate for its weight.
• the lateral and front edges of the device can follow the level of the seabed by marrying it exactly without the risk of scraping the ground.
• the filling device according to the invention can be used in all cases where the underwater soil is such as to be able to be disaggregated by spraying jets of pressurized water, that is to say in the case of loose, unconsolidated or weakly consolidated land, in particular in the case of powdery soils such as sand or coherent soils such as clay or a soil combining these two types of material.
• the device according to the invention can also be used to fill a trench produced in consolidated ground, in the measure where a sufficient quantity of residues from the operation of digging the trench remains deposited along the edges of the latter, or if a superficial part of the underwater soil is sufficiently loose to be able to be disaggregated by the jets projected by the device.
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the device according to the invention, the means for guiding the flows not being illustrated for greater clarity,
• FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of an alternative embodiment
• FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the device according to the invention
• FIG. 4 is also a schematic view illustrating another embodiment of the device according to the invention
• - Figures 5 and 6 are schematic views from above and rear of yet another embodiment of the device according to the invention
• Figures 7 and 8 are views in elevation and respectively rear of an underwater vehicle implementing a device according to the invention.
• FIGS 1 and 2 We first refer to Figures 1 and 2. We see, in cross section, a trench 1 dug in soft ground such as sand, unconsolidated clay or a mixture of both, silt of the mud etc. A pipe 2 repo ⁇ e at the bottom of the trench, possibly covered with a limited thickness of the material which was extracted from the sea floor by the trench digging machine and fell back into the trench behind the machine as and when measure of its progression or mistletoe has been gradually driven, coming from the surface part of the underwater soil under the action of currents or swell, or which fell back into the trench by natural collapse of its walls.
• soft ground such as sand, unconsolidated clay or a mixture of both, silt of the mud etc.
• a pipe 2 repo ⁇ e at the bottom of the trench, possibly covered with a limited thickness of the material which was extracted from the sea floor by the trench digging machine and fell back into the trench behind the machine as and when measure of its progression or mistletoe has been gradually driven, coming from the surface part of the underwater
• the section of the trench has a generally flared shape, the slope of the side walls depending in particular on the value of the natural slope angle which characterizes the terrain.
• the trench thus has, on the surface, a width substantially greater than that at the bottom of the trench, the latter being determined so as to be able to accommodate the pipe 2.
• the width of the trench at the surface of the seabed can be of the order of 0.5 m to 2.5 m or more. It should be clear that the device according to the invention is not limited to use with a trench as illustrated and can be implemented in particular with a trench dug in consolidated soil which then has a narrower shape with side walls which can be, in very compact terrain, appreciably vertical.
• the tr ⁇ chée illustrated in the drawing can advantageously be recessed by a slight machine, operating ⁇ elon the principle of jetting, that is to say projecting pressurized water jets to dig the soil.
• the trench can be dug by a wheeled or chain machine carrying pins, of any known type.
• the illustrated device comprises two hollow arms 4 and 5, each arm being equipped with a plurality of nozzles 6 and respectively 7 each having a calibrated mouth orifice.
• the arms 4 and 5 are produced in the form of rigid tubes, for example made of steel, aluminum, or plastic material.
• the brakes 4 and 5 are used at the same time for connections to the nozzles 6 and 7 and for pipes to bring pressurized water to the different nozzles, the anterior end of the arms, in the direction of progression of the device materialized by the arrow A on le ⁇ Figures 1 and 2, being connected to a mobile support frame generally designated by 9 and illustrated very schematically. In the illustrated embodiment, this is a track frame forming part of a machine such as that which will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
• connection members such as flanges shown diagrammatically at 10.
• the rear end 11 of the hollow arms 4 and 5 is closed.
• the nozzles 6 and 7 are arranged in the form of symmetrical rows with respect to a vertical median plane of the device materialized in the drawing by its trace S on the plane which approximately forms the surface of the seabed, and which is horizontal in the ca ⁇ typical illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
• the device can naturally be implemented ⁇ ur ⁇ sou ⁇ -marin ⁇ plu ⁇ or less irregular or slightly steep.
• the axes of the nozzles are preferably oriented towards the rear.
• the calibrated mouth openings of the nozzles are preferably arranged as close as possible to the sea floor.
• the distance between the calibrated mouth openings of the nozzles and the vertical plane of symmetry of the device is chosen as a function of the width which the trenches which are to be filled can have, so that the nozzles can be arranged outside the edges of the trench 1.
• a free space is left between the calibrated mouth orifices and the edges of the trench so that the calibrated mouth orifices of the nozzles remain outside the lateral zones of deposition of land 3 and that the jet of water coming out of the nozzles can effectively disintegrate and entrain part of the underwater terrain in place.
• the active parts of the arms 4 and 5 which support the nozzles 6 and 7 are produced under the form of two cylindrical tubes of circular section, the distance between the two tubes increasing from the front to the rear .
• the arms 4 and 5 thus delimit a trapezoidal surface.
• the device comprises two sets of balancing nozzles 12 and 13, oriented towards the outside of the device, for example inscribed in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the device, and preferably having a rising inclination towards the outside.
• the balancing nozzle assemblies 12 and 13 are mounted respectively on the arms 4 and 5 and supplied with pressurized water by the internal conduit of each arm in the same manner as the main nozzle assemblies 6 and 7 mentioned above. .
• the water jets emitted by the balancing nozzles allow, on the one hand to balance, in whole or in part, the vertical component of the thrust exerted by the main nozzles and which tends to raise the device in compensation for its apparent weight in the water, and on the other hand to compensate for the lateral thrust towards the outside exerted by the main nozzles.
• the balancing nozzles make it possible, by taking a part of the total flow delivered by the pump or pumps (not shown) mounted on the mobile chassis 9, to adjust the water flow of the main nozzles to the optimum value.
• the device illustrated therein comprises, in addition to the arms 4 and 5 provided with nozzles 6 and 7, a cover cap generally designated by 14.
• This cover 14 which covers the trapezoidal surface delimited by the brakes 4 and 5, has a generally symmetrical configuration with respect to the plane of symmetry of the device.
• the surface covered by the cover in horizontal projection, completely encompasses the surface delimited by the two sets of nozzles 6 and 7, the cover advantageously comprising a portion projecting backwards and a part projecting forward with respect to the surface delimited by the nozzles.
• the cover 14 has a central central part 15 which is flat and preferably horizontal, as illustrated, or in the form of a roof, joined by inclined intermediate parts 16 and 17 to horizontal lateral parts 18 and 19.
• the height of the central part 15 of the cover 14 above the surface of the seabed is preferably two to six times greater than the height of the lateral parts 18 and 19 relative to this surface of the seabed. .
• the intermediate parts 16 and 17 form inclined surfaces, the slope of which is preferably between 20 ° and 70 °, in particular from 40 ° to 50 °.
• Two outer side walls 20 and 21 extend over a length at least equal to the total distance covered by all of the nozzles mounted on the brakes 4 and 5, and are arranged so that the mouths of the nozzles 6 and 7 are located inside the space they delimit.
• the device also includes balancing nozzles 12, 13 the mouths of which are arranged outside the external lateral walls 20 and 21.
• the upper edge of the outer side walls 20 and 21 is preferably connected to the outer edge of the side portions 18 and 19 of the cover and their lower edge is located at or slightly above the surface of the underwater soil.
• the side walls 20 and 21 prevent water flows laterally towards the outside in the space between the sea floor and the cover and improve the efficiency of the device.
• this strip of land forms a bead framed by two lower lateral zones, similar to furrows, the trench not having been completely filled by the filling operation. This does not mean that the pipe is covered regularly and quite ⁇ rtisfai ⁇ ante.
• the width of the central part 15 of the cover 14 can be determined so that the width of the central strip of land deposited is sufficient relative to the width occupied by the pipe 2, in particular equal to one or twice this width.
• the width of the side portions 18 and 19 of the cover is preferably between 25 and 70% of the shortest geometric distance between the mouth orifices of the nozzle 6 and 7 and the plane of symmetry of the device.
• the cover is completed by a front wall 22 and a rear wall 23 each having a central opening 24 and respectively 25, which extend from the lower edge of the walls 22 and 23 on part or all of their height.
• the front and rear walls 22 and 23 can be vertical or slightly inclined.
• the rear wall 23 is arranged under the rear edge of the cover 14 between the arms 4 and 5, behind the last nozzles 6 and 7, and preferably between the two external lateral walls 20 and 21.
• the lower edge of the rear wall 23 is placed flush with the sea floor and is interrupted by the opening 25 which has a width which can be of the order of magnitude of the width of the central part 15 of the cover 14.
• the t •• -erture 25 occupies the entire height under the cover 14 in the central part 15 and the intermediate parts 16 and 17 thereof.
• the rear wall is thus reduced to having two portions which encircle the space under the lateral parts 18 and 19 of the cover above the surface of the seabed.
• the opening 25 in the rear wall 23 facilitates the evacuation towards the rear, along the trench, of the fluid flow determined by the water flow of the nozzles 6 and 7, increased by part of the ground which has been extracted and carried by the jets and has not yet been deposited in the trench before leaving the zone delimited by the rear wall 23.
• the front wall 22 is disposed under the front edge of the cover 14 between the arms 4 and 5, in front of the first two nozzles 6 and 7, preferably between the outer side walls 18 and 19.
• the lower edge of the front wall 22 is available flush with the surface of the underwater soil and is interrupted by the opening 24 which is formed in the wall, above the surface of the seabed, and increases the efficiency of the filling device by allowing certain seawater flow from the front towards the area covered by the cover 14, this water flow coming to combine with the flow emitted by the nozzles.
• this opening allows the free passage of the beads 3 of the ground which can be found in place from the prior operation of digging the trench.
• the device also comprises structural elements 27, ⁇ or ⁇ the form of bars of elongated, elliptical section, arranged in staggered rows, the major axes of the ellipses being arranged in various orientations, so as to slow the flows by imposing on them a sinuous path so as to favor the deposit of the elements of ground in the trench.
• the device is supplied with pressurized water by at least one pump preferably installed in the mobile casing 9, which draws in sea water and is connected by a pipe to the end of the flanges 10.
• the water is thus conveyed by the internal conduits to the arms 4 and 5 with adequate values of flow and pressure up to the main nozzles 6, 7 which give the flow of water the speed and l kinetic energy allowing the disaggregation and the entrainment of the ground by jetting effect as well as, if necessary, with the balancing nozzles 12, 13.
• the parts of ground constituting the underwater ground thus disaggregated are dispersed and placed in suspension dan ⁇ the stream of jets forming a kind of emulsion, which produces a stream of liquid mud crossing with a high speed the two lateral spaces corresponding to the areas delimited by the lateral parts 18 and 19 of the cover.
• the speed of the mud flow is considerably reduced, which causes at least partial sedimentation of the ground particles. in suspension.
• the ground particles are then deposited in the trench which begins to fill.
• the opposite flows coming from the two sets of nozzles being directed obliquely towards the rear, in particular with an angle of the order of 45 °, the current lines are gradually bent in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the device so that the liquid flow is driven towards the rear of the device along the trench 1 with a relatively reduced speed.
• the length in the direction of the hood trench can be relatively limited so that the liquid flow escaping beyond the hood towards the rear above the trench still has a more or less important part of ground in suspension.
• the entrained cuttings thus finish depositing in the trench, downstream of the device, so that the trench can be completely or almost completely filled, or with a certain excess thickness forming a bead.
• the dimensioning of the device is determined as a function of the most important section dimensions that the trenches to be filled can present, and of the types of terrain envisaged. We understand that we can thus optimize case by case, all the parameters characterizing the device, such as: geometric configuration and dimensions of the arms and cover, diameter, spacing and number of calibrated orifices, flow rate and pressure of the water supplied by the pump (s). These parameters are also correlated with the speed of progression that the mobile chassis 9 imposes on the device.
• the cost of a filling operation being conditioned by its duration, we can increase the speed of progression by increasing the power of the jetting system and the length of the device, conversely, we can reduce the size of the device, the reduction in dimensions , in particular, facilitating handling by accepting a lower progression speed.
• the cover 14, 14 ′ as well as the walls 20, 21, 22, 23 as well as the central partition 26 can be produced in the form of flat or curved plates of rigid metallic or plastic material, possibly stiffened so as to constitute a resistant assembly .
• All or part of the elements forming the cover, the walls and the partition may also be semi-rigid, more or less flexible, like membranes or even made of a completely flexible material, such as fabric or canvas, stretched by elongated structural elements forming a frame, the elongated structural elements possibly comprising the hollow arms for supplying water to the nozzles.
• the apparent weight in water of the device can be reduced or canceled to the limit by incorporating buoyancy elements (not shown).
• the surfaces of these various elements are not necessarily waterproof. They may possibly have a certain permeability, like a fabric, the essential condition being that the flow of water passing through the surface under the effect of flow created by the nozzles and pressure differences is zero or very low.
• part of the walls constituting the cover 14, 14 ′, in particular the central part 15, 15 ' may have a plurality of elongated longitudinal openings parallel to the median plane of symmetry of the device over a large part of the length of the cover and of relatively small width, such as slots.
• the wall elements separating the contiguous longitudinal openings may be, not horizontal, but sou ⁇ the form of vertical or oblique elements, of small thickness compared to their height, the assembly constituting a sort of grating thus presenting l aspect of a grid.
• the cover and the walls which are integral with it are fixed on the arms 4 and 5 which themselves are fixed on the mobile frame 9.
• it is the cover and the walls which are attached thereto which can be fixed on the mobile frame.
• the nozzle on the external lateral walls 20, 21 or on the lateral parts 18, 19 of the cover.
• the device may thus not include hollow arms such as 4 and 5, the pressurized water can be supplied separately to each of the nozzles by separate pipes.
• FIGS. 7 and 8 The device according to the invention is illustrated there, corresponding to the embodiment of FIG. 3 or 4 mounted on a movable frame 9 constituted by a machine belonging to the applicant company and known under the name of FLEX ET, this machine being normally equipped with arms with nozzles to realize the digging of a trench by disintegration of the ground in place and evacuation of the cuttings formed towards the rear.
• a movable frame 9 constituted by a machine belonging to the applicant company and known under the name of FLEX ET, this machine being normally equipped with arms with nozzles to realize the digging of a trench by disintegration of the ground in place and evacuation of the cuttings formed towards the rear.
• the machine rests on two tracks 28 actuated by a hydraulicpie motor which ensures the progression of the assembly at a speed which can reach for example 200 or 300 meters per hour, and can, depending on the particular conditions of the operation, be reduced up to a few tens of meters per hour.
• the electrical power as well as the supply to the hydraulic circuits and all the control and measurement links are transmitted from the surface by an umbilical 29 connected to a ship which provides remote control of the operations.
• Precise control of the machine is carried out in particular by means of cameras as well as a locating arm 30 disposed at the front and allowing the location of the pipe 2 at the bottom of the trench 1, for example by electromagnetic means or magnetic.
• the machine also includes navigation equipment as well as all locating means, such as acoustic beacons, ultrasound location systems, etc., making it possible to accurately measure the position and orientation of the craft from the ship.
• the machine further comprises ballasts 31 which are partially or completely filled with water when it rests on the bottom so as to have an apparent weight making it possible to obtain a bearing reaction on the ground sufficient to balance the propulsion effort.
• the mobile frame 9 can be formed by a machine of zero apparent weight during the filling operation.
• Such a device of a principle analogous to already known devices used for digging trenches, is equipped with ballasts sufficient for the weight to be reduced by emptying the ballasts so as to be exactly balanced by the thrust.
• the horizontal forces necessary for the positioning and the progression of the machine are developed by propellants, such as propellers.
• the assembly constituted by the machine and the device according to the invention is assembled at the surface beforehand, the device being, in the raised position, almost vertical, then is launched from the ship from which the operations are controlled, for example by a crane.
• the ballasts are more or less empty so that the apparent weight in the water of the assembly is adjustable at will, and adjusted at minimum value planned to ensure the descent.
• the lifting means of the machine such as cables, can be released once the launching is carried out and the machine which remains connected to the ship only by the umbilical 29 can descend with the device "while swimming” up to the level of the bottom thanks to thrusters 32 and land above the trench to be covered.
• the invention makes it possible to fill a trench up to 1.5 meters to 2 meters deep with a device with a width of 3 to 4 meters, with water pressure in the supply circuit. nozzles of the order of 5 to 10 bars.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-01-07 FR FR9400106A patent/FR2714919B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1995
  • 1995-01-06 WO PCT/FR1995/000017 patent/WO1995018895A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-01-06 EP EP95906373A patent/EP0687331A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-01-06 AU AU14580/95A patent/AU686726B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1995-01-06 US US08/522,320 patent/US5659983A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-01-06 CA CA002157685A patent/CA2157685A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-09-06 NO NO953505A patent/NO953505L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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