EP0686250A1 - Device and process for burning oxidisable components in a vehicle gas to be purified - Google Patents

Device and process for burning oxidisable components in a vehicle gas to be purified

Info

Publication number
EP0686250A1
EP0686250A1 EP94909051A EP94909051A EP0686250A1 EP 0686250 A1 EP0686250 A1 EP 0686250A1 EP 94909051 A EP94909051 A EP 94909051A EP 94909051 A EP94909051 A EP 94909051A EP 0686250 A1 EP0686250 A1 EP 0686250A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
main combustion
gas
flame tube
guide element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94909051A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0686250B1 (en
Inventor
Gert Rentzel
Joachim Saggel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sequa & Co Megtec Systems KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Grace GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grace GmbH filed Critical Grace GmbH
Publication of EP0686250A1 publication Critical patent/EP0686250A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0686250B1 publication Critical patent/EP0686250B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F23G7/066—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel preheating the waste gas by the heat of the combustion, e.g. recuperation type incinerator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for burning oxidizable constituents in a carrier gas to be cleaned, comprising a gas inlet, a burner with a subsequent flame tube, which opens into a main combustion chamber comprising bottom and side walls, one preferably on the side of the bottom opposite the bottom wall Main combustion chamber located combustion chamber outlet, a heat exchanger and a gas outlet.
  • the invention relates to a method for burning oxidizable constituents in a carrier gas to be cleaned in a device comprising a main combustion chamber starting from the flame tube and delimited by bottom and side walls, in which cleaned gas from the bottom wall in the direction of a coaxial radial or tangential is deflected to the flame tube arranged combustion chamber outlet.
  • a device of the type described above is e.g. B. EP 0 235 277 B1 to take.
  • the flame tube designated as a high-speed mixing chamber opens into the main combustion chamber, the cross section of which is larger than the free flow cross section in the high-speed mixing chamber.
  • the main combustion chamber extends on the outside along the high-speed mixing chamber, which is designed as a tube, in order to merge into an annular channel which runs coaxially to the high-speed mixing chamber and which in turn leads into a likewise around the high-speed mixing chamber.
  • Mixing chamber and partially around the annular channel arranged further channel-like annular space passes, in which a heat exchanger is arranged, the tubes are bent outwards at their colder ends.
  • the main combustion chamber the flow cross section of which is also larger than that of the high-speed mixing chamber, extends completely along the high-speed mixing chamber and then preferably opens radially into a heat exchanger, which is preferably arranged in an annular channel.
  • the gas leaves the high-speed mixing space in the form of a free jet.
  • This jet strikes the bottom wall of the main combustion chamber and is distributed there in a rotationally symmetrical manner in accordance with the flow geometry of a baffle plate flow.
  • High centrifugal forces cause the gas to flow axially along the inner wall of the combustion chamber, both along the bottom wall and after a further deflection, like an annular jet.
  • the cross-sectional area of this ring jet increases only slightly along the side wall of the main combustion chamber up to the combustion chamber outlet, so that a stationary vortex area is formed between the ring jet and the outer wall of the high-speed mixing chamber.
  • the present invention is based on the problem of developing a device or a method of the type described above in such a way that the volume of the main combustion chamber is optimally used for the combustion of the oxidizable constituents in the carrier gas.
  • this object is essentially achieved in that the main combustion chamber is designed and / or has at least one guide element in such a way that the gas flowing from the bottom wall in the direction of the combustion chamber outlet is evenly distributed over the cross section of the main combustion chamber.
  • the guide element can be a guide plate, a perforated plate and / or a guide ring or similar flow distribution device such as e.g. Reflector cones, conical baffles and guide vanes. At least two guide elements are preferably arranged in the main combustion chamber.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that the guide element is formed symmetrically to a plane in which the longitudinal axis of the main combustion chamber runs.
  • the guide element can be rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis.
  • the guide element can also be an aperture such as a resistance grid.
  • the guide element or elements are preferably arranged between the outlet opening of the flame tube and the bottom wall of the main combustion chamber.
  • the guide elements can also be arranged coaxially around the flame tube, or it can be arranged both between the outlet opening of the flame tube and the bottom wall and coaxially to the flame tube.
  • the teaching of the invention distributes the flow of the gas mixture throughout the main combustion chamber.
  • the device according to the invention has the particular advantage that a significant reduction in the main combustion chamber temperature or a reduction in the main combustion chamber volume with a constant residual concentration of oxidizable constituents in the purified carrier gas or a reduced residual concentration with a constant main combustion chamber temperature and constant main combustion chamber volume can be achieved.
  • the invention is characterized in that the partially cleaned gas, in particular deflected from the bottom wall in the direction of the combustion chamber outlet, is guided in such a way that the gas flows evenly distributed over the cross section of at least a section of the main combustion chamber.
  • the deflected gas can be guided to the combustion chamber outlet essentially without turbulence and backflow. This results in the complete utilization of the combustion chamber and prevents mixing of more strongly cleaned gas with less strongly cleaned gas.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device for burning oxidizable components in a carrier gas to be cleaned
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device.
  • the devices (10) each comprise a cylindrical outer jacket (12) which is delimited by the end walls (14) and (16). 1, the one end wall (16) is at the same time the floor (21) of a main combustion chamber (24), while in FIG. 2 the end wall delimits an inlet annular space (45), the opposite wall of which is also the floor (21) of a main combustion chamber (24) is.
  • a burner (19) is arranged concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the device in each case in the region of the end wall (14), followed by a flame tube (22), which is preferably designed as a high-speed mixing chamber, and the main combustion chamber (24). It is not necessary that the flame tube (22) in the Main combustion chamber (24) protrudes.
  • the main combustion chamber (24) is divided into a first section (23) with a large cross-sectional area and a second section (25) with a small cross-sectional area.
  • the first section (23) is arranged annularly to the axis (18) of the device (10) and is delimited by the end wall (16), by sections (17) of the outer casing (12) and by an intermediate wall (50).
  • the second section (25) of the main combustion chamber is an annular space around the flame tube (22), starting from the intermediate wall (50) and ending in a further annular space (28), in the heat exchanger tubes (30) of a cross-counterflow heat exchanger (32) concentrically Axis (18) of the device (10) and thus also concentric to the flame tube (22) are arranged.
  • the heat exchanger tubes (30) open into an outer annular space (34) adjacent to the outer wall (12), in which there is an inlet opening (36). Between the outer annular space (34) and the end wall (16) delimiting the main combustion space (24), the annular space (28) having the heat exchanger tubes (30) opens into an outlet (38) which penetrates the outer wall (12) of the device (10) .
  • the flame tube (22) is completely surrounded by the main combustion chamber (24) and opens directly radially into an annular space (28) which is concentrically arranged to the axis (18) of the device (10) and contains heat exchanger tubes (30).
  • the heat exchanger tubes (30) open on the opposite side into the inlet annular space (45) located inside the outer casing (12), which through a section of the outer casing (12), the frontal floor (16), the combustion chamber floor (21), sections of the jacket (20) surrounding the main combustion chamber (24) and an intermediate wall (53) designed as a tube sheet is limited and has a nozzle-shaped inlet opening (36) for the carrier gas.
  • guide elements (40) are located in the main combustion chambers (24),
  • the guide elements can guide the flow both through low form resistances and through large form resistances.
  • the guide elements (40) and (42) in the form of a guide ring or guide plate form a low form resistance
  • guide elements (44) in the form of perforated plates or resistance grids or in the form of diaphragms form a large form resistance.
  • the shape of the guide elements in particular the guide elements (40) and (42), must be such that partial volume flows of the rotationally symmetrical flow are sheared off onto the floor (21) of the main combustion chamber (24). and a deflection by 90 ° in the direction of the combustion chamber outlet (26) is effected.
  • the guide element (44) surrounding the end region of the flame tube (22) in the form of a perforated plate, resistance grille, orifice or the like in each of the exemplary embodiments represents a high flow resistance, which due to the high speeds in free cross-sectional areas present in the guide element Distribution of a flow formed on one side on the outer jacket of the main combustion chamber (24) over the entire cross-sectional area of the main combustion chamber (24).
  • Raw gas laden with pollutants that is to say carrier gas containing oxidizable constituents, enters the device (10) through the gas inlet (36) designed as an inlet connection, is passed through the heat exchanger tubes (30) arranged concentrically to the flame tube (22) and leaves in one
  • the heat exchanger (32) is arranged coaxially with the burner (19) and is delimited by the end wall (14) and is at least partially guided past the burner (19).
  • preheating takes place by taking up heat via the heat exchanger tubes (30) from the gas which has exited the main combustion chamber (24) and flows around the heat exchanger tubes (30).
  • Part of the preheated polluted raw gas comes into contact with the flame of the burner (19) and serves as the combustion gas.
  • the other part flows past the burner (19) or the flame.
  • the flame tube (22) Since almost the entire length of the flame tube (22) is required in order to mix the colder ring flow in the flame tube flowing through the gap (48) and bypassing the burner (19) with the hotter core flow which is passed through the burner (19) , and therefore there is a temperature difference between the inside of the flame tube wall and the outside of the flame tube wall, a heat exchange takes place between the hot carrier gas in the second section (25) of the main combustion chamber (24) and the colder, cleaned carrier gas in the flame tube (22). Consequently, the flame tube (22) serves as an additional heat exchanger surface.
  • the heat exchange causes a temperature difference of 20 ° C to 60 ° C during stationary operation between the entry into the second section (25) of the main combustion chamber (24) and the exit (26) from the main combustion chamber, i.e. the entry into the annular space ( 28) in which the heat exchanger (32) is arranged.
  • the cleaned carrier gas is then passed around the heat exchanger tubes (30) of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (32), emits heat to the carrier gas to be cleaned and is passed to the gas outlet (38) which is also designed as a nozzle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and a device for burning oxidisable components in a vehicle gas to be purified, comprising a gas inlet (36), a burner (19) with an attached flame pipe (22) opening into a main combustion chamber (24) comprising a bottom and side walls, an annular chamber leading from the side of the main combustion chamber bottom (21), a heat exchanger (32) around which flows the purified gas and through which flows the gas to be purified, and a gas outlet (38). To obtain good combustion with a compact construction, especially to make the best possible use of the geometric dwell time in the main combustion chamber, it is proposed that the main combustion chamber be constructed in such a way and/or has such guide components (40, 42, 44) that the gas flowing from the bottom towards the annular chamber is distributed completely or largely uniformly over the cross-section of the main combustion chamber.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verbrennen oxidierbarer Bestandteile in einem zu reinigenden TrägergasDevice and method for burning oxidizable components in a carrier gas to be cleaned
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen oxidierbarer Bestandteile in einem zu reinigenden Trägergas, umfassend einen Gaseinlaß, einen Bren¬ ner mit sich anschließendem Flammrohr, das in einen Boden- und Seitenwandungen umfassenden Hauptbrennraum mündet, einen vorzugsweise an der der Bodenwandung gegenüberliegenden Seite des Hauptbrennraumes gelegenen Brennkammeraustritt, einen Wärmetauscher sowie einen Gasauslaß.The invention relates to a device for burning oxidizable constituents in a carrier gas to be cleaned, comprising a gas inlet, a burner with a subsequent flame tube, which opens into a main combustion chamber comprising bottom and side walls, one preferably on the side of the bottom opposite the bottom wall Main combustion chamber located combustion chamber outlet, a heat exchanger and a gas outlet.
Ferner bezieht sich die Erfindung auf ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen oxidierbarer Bestandteile in einem zu reinigenden Trägergas in einer Vorrichtung umfassend einen vom Flammrohr ausgehenden, durch Boden- und Seitenwandungen begrenzten Haupt¬ brennraum, in dem gereinigtes Gas von der Bodenwandung in Richtung eines koaxial radial oder tangential zum Flammrohr angeordneten Brennkammeraustritts umgelenkt wird.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for burning oxidizable constituents in a carrier gas to be cleaned in a device comprising a main combustion chamber starting from the flame tube and delimited by bottom and side walls, in which cleaned gas from the bottom wall in the direction of a coaxial radial or tangential is deflected to the flame tube arranged combustion chamber outlet.
Eine Vorrichtung der zuvor beschriebenen Art ist z. B. der EP 0 235 277 Bl zu entneh¬ men. Bei dieser Vorrichtung mündet das als Hochgeschwindigkeitsmischraum bezeich¬ nete Flammrohr in dem Hauptbrennraum, dessen Querschnitt größer ist als der freie Strö¬ mungsquerschnitt im Hochgeschwindigkeitsmischraum. Der Hauptbrennraum erstreckt sich außenseitig entlang des Hochgeschwindigkeitsmischraumes, der als Rohr ausgebildet ist, um in einen koaxial zum Hochgeschwindigkeitsmischraum verlaufenden ringförmigen Kanal überzugehen, der seinerseits in einen gleichfalls um den Hochgeschwindigkeits- mischraum und teilweise um den ringförmigen Kanal herum angeordneten weiteren kanalartigen Ringraum übergeht, in dem ein Wärmetauscher angeordnet ist, dessen Rohre an ihren kälteren Enden nach außen abgebogen sind.A device of the type described above is e.g. B. EP 0 235 277 B1 to take. In this device, the flame tube designated as a high-speed mixing chamber opens into the main combustion chamber, the cross section of which is larger than the free flow cross section in the high-speed mixing chamber. The main combustion chamber extends on the outside along the high-speed mixing chamber, which is designed as a tube, in order to merge into an annular channel which runs coaxially to the high-speed mixing chamber and which in turn leads into a likewise around the high-speed mixing chamber. Mixing chamber and partially around the annular channel arranged further channel-like annular space passes, in which a heat exchanger is arranged, the tubes are bent outwards at their colder ends.
In anderen bekannten Anlagen erstreckt sich der Hauptbrennraum, dessen Strö¬ mungsquerschnitt ebenfalls größer ist als der des Hochgeschwindigkeitsmischraumes, vollständig entlang des Hochgeschwindigkeitsmischraumes und mündet dann vorzugs¬ weise radial in einem Wärmetauscher, der vorzugsweise in einem Ringkanal angeordnet ist.In other known systems, the main combustion chamber, the flow cross section of which is also larger than that of the high-speed mixing chamber, extends completely along the high-speed mixing chamber and then preferably opens radially into a heat exchanger, which is preferably arranged in an annular channel.
Anlagen, bei denen der Wärmetauscher in einem separaten Gehäuse untergebracht ist, sind ebenfalls bekannt.Systems in which the heat exchanger is housed in a separate housing are also known.
Bei all diesen vorbekannten Verbrennungsanlagen verläßt das Gas den Hochgeschwindig¬ keitsmischraum in Form eines Freistrahles. Dieser Strahl trifft auf die Bodenwandung des Hauptbrennraumes und wird dort entsprechend der Strömungsgeometrie einer Stau¬ plattenströmung rotationssymmetrisch verteilt. Hohe Fliehkräfte bewirken, daß das Gas sowohl entlang der Bodenwandung als auch nach einer weiteren Umlenkung wie ein Ringstrahl axial entlang der Innenfläche der Seitenwandung der Brennkammer strömt. Dabei nimmt die Querschnittsfläche dieses Ringstrahles entlang der Seitenwandung des Hauptbrennraumes bis zum Brennkammeraustritt nur geringfügig zu, so daß sich zwischen dem Ringstrahl und der äußeren Wandung des Hochgeschwindigkeitsmisch- raumes ein stationäres Wirbelgebiet bildet. Dadurch erfolgt eine nicht optimale Ausnutzung des Hauptbrennraumes, weil infolge der Wirbelbildung eine sehr breite Verweilzeitverteilung des Gases gegeben ist, so daß die Mindestverweilzeit des Gases im Hauptbrennraum wesentlich geringer ist als die theoretische Verweilzeit, die berechnet wird als Quotient des Volumens des Hauptbrennraumes und dem Gasdurchfluß darin.In all of these previously known combustion plants, the gas leaves the high-speed mixing space in the form of a free jet. This jet strikes the bottom wall of the main combustion chamber and is distributed there in a rotationally symmetrical manner in accordance with the flow geometry of a baffle plate flow. High centrifugal forces cause the gas to flow axially along the inner wall of the combustion chamber, both along the bottom wall and after a further deflection, like an annular jet. The cross-sectional area of this ring jet increases only slightly along the side wall of the main combustion chamber up to the combustion chamber outlet, so that a stationary vortex area is formed between the ring jet and the outer wall of the high-speed mixing chamber. This results in a less than optimal utilization of the main combustion chamber, because due to the formation of eddies, the gas has a very wide distribution of the residence time, so that the minimum residence time of the gas in the main combustion chamber is considerably less than the theoretical residence time, which is calculated as the quotient of the volume of the main combustion chamber and the gas flow in this.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung bzw. ein Ver¬ fahren der zuvor beschriebenen Art so weiterzubilden, daß das Volumen des Haupt¬ brennraumes optimal zur Verbrennung der oxidierbaren Bestandteile im Trägergas genutzt wird. Vorrichtungsmäßig wird diese Aufgabe im wesentlichen dadurch gelöst, daß der Hauptbrennraum derart ausgebildet ist und/oder zumindest ein Leitelement derart aufweist, daß das von der Bodenwandung in Richtung des Brennkammeraustritts strömende Gas über den Querschnitt des Hauptbrennraumes betrachtet gleichmäßig verteilt ist.The present invention is based on the problem of developing a device or a method of the type described above in such a way that the volume of the main combustion chamber is optimally used for the combustion of the oxidizable constituents in the carrier gas. In terms of the device, this object is essentially achieved in that the main combustion chamber is designed and / or has at least one guide element in such a way that the gas flowing from the bottom wall in the direction of the combustion chamber outlet is evenly distributed over the cross section of the main combustion chamber.
Dabei kann das Leitelement ein Leitblech, ein Lochblech und/oder ein Leitring oder ähnliche Strömungsverteilende Vorrichtung wie z.B. Reflektorkonen, kegelförmige Prallbleche und Leitschaufeln sein. Vorzugsweise sind zumindest zwei Leitelemente in dem Hauptbrennraum angeordnet.The guide element can be a guide plate, a perforated plate and / or a guide ring or similar flow distribution device such as e.g. Reflector cones, conical baffles and guide vanes. At least two guide elements are preferably arranged in the main combustion chamber.
Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß das Leitelement symmetrisch zu einer Ebene ausgebildet ist, in der die Längsachse des Hauptbrennraumes verläuft. Insbesondere kann das Leitelement rotationssymmetrisch zur Längsachse ausgebildet sein.An embodiment of the invention provides that the guide element is formed symmetrically to a plane in which the longitudinal axis of the main combustion chamber runs. In particular, the guide element can be rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis.
Auch kann das Leitelement eine Blende wie Widerstandsgitter sein.The guide element can also be an aperture such as a resistance grid.
Das bzw. die Leitelemente werden vorzugsweise zwischen Austrittsöffnung des Flamm¬ rohrs und der Bodenwandung des Hauptbrennraumes angeordnet. Die Leitelemente können auch koaxial um das Flammrohr angeordnet sein oder es können Leitelemente sowohl zwischen Austrittsöffnung des Flammrohres und Bodenwandung und koaxial zum Flammrohr angeordnet sein.The guide element or elements are preferably arranged between the outlet opening of the flame tube and the bottom wall of the main combustion chamber. The guide elements can also be arranged coaxially around the flame tube, or it can be arranged both between the outlet opening of the flame tube and the bottom wall and coaxially to the flame tube.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lehre erfolgt eine Verteilxmg der Strömung des Gasgemisches im gesamten Hauptbrennraum. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ergibt sich insbesondere der Vorteil, daß eine deutliche Erniedrigung der Hauptbrenn¬ raumtemperatur bzw. eine Verringerung des Hauptbrennraumvolumens bei gleich¬ bleibender Restkonzentration oxidierbarer Bestandteile im gereinigten Trägergas oder eine verringerte Restkonzentration bei gleichbleibender Hauptbrennraumtemperatur und gleichbleibendem Hauptbrennraumvolumen erreicht werden kann. Verfahrensmäßig zeichnet sich die Erfindung dadurch aus, daß das insbesondere von der Bodenwandung in Richtung Brennkammeraustritt umgelenkte, teilweise gereinigte Gas derart geführt wird, daß das Gas über den Querschnitt zumindest eines Abschnittes des Hauptbrennraumes gleichmäßig verteilt strömt. Dabei kann insbesondere das umgelenkte Gas im wesentlichen verwirbelungsfrei und rückströmungsfrei zum Brennkammeraustritt geführt werden. Dies bewirkt die vollständige Ausnutzung der Brennkammer und verhin¬ dert Mischung von stärker gereinigtem Gas mit weniger stark gereinigtem Gas.The teaching of the invention distributes the flow of the gas mixture throughout the main combustion chamber. The device according to the invention has the particular advantage that a significant reduction in the main combustion chamber temperature or a reduction in the main combustion chamber volume with a constant residual concentration of oxidizable constituents in the purified carrier gas or a reduced residual concentration with a constant main combustion chamber temperature and constant main combustion chamber volume can be achieved. In terms of the method, the invention is characterized in that the partially cleaned gas, in particular deflected from the bottom wall in the direction of the combustion chamber outlet, is guided in such a way that the gas flows evenly distributed over the cross section of at least a section of the main combustion chamber. In particular, the deflected gas can be guided to the combustion chamber outlet essentially without turbulence and backflow. This results in the complete utilization of the combustion chamber and prevents mixing of more strongly cleaned gas with less strongly cleaned gas.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich nicht nur aus den Ansprüchen, den diesen zu entnehmenden Merkmalen -für sich und /oder in Kom¬ bination-, sondern auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von der Zeichnung zu ent¬ nehmenden bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen.Further details, advantages and features of the invention result not only from the claims, the features to be extracted from them - by themselves and / or in combination - but also from the following preferred embodiments to be taken from the drawing.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen oxidierbarer Bestandteile in einem zu reinigenden Trägergas undFig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device for burning oxidizable components in a carrier gas to be cleaned and
Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausfuhrungsform einer Vorrichtung.Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device.
In den Fig. 1 und 2 sind Vorrichtungen zum Verbrennen oxidierbarer Bestandteile in einem zu reinigenden Trägergas dargestellt, die auch als Nachverbrennungsvorrichtungen bezeichnet werden können. Die Vorrichtungen (10) umfassen je einen zylinderförmigen Außenmantel (12), der durch die Stirnwände (14) und (16) begrenzt ist. Dabei ist in Fig. 1 die eine Stirnwand (16) gleichzeitig Boden (21) eines Hauptbrennraumes (24), während in Fig. 2 die Stirnwand einen Eintrittsringraum (45) begrenzt, dessen gegenüberliegende Wand gleichzeitig Boden (21) eines Hauptbrennraumes (24) ist.1 and 2 show devices for burning oxidizable components in a carrier gas to be cleaned, which can also be referred to as post-combustion devices. The devices (10) each comprise a cylindrical outer jacket (12) which is delimited by the end walls (14) and (16). 1, the one end wall (16) is at the same time the floor (21) of a main combustion chamber (24), while in FIG. 2 the end wall delimits an inlet annular space (45), the opposite wall of which is also the floor (21) of a main combustion chamber (24) is.
Jeweils im Bereich der Stirnwand (14) ist konzentrisch zur Längsachse der Vorrichtung ein Brenner (19) angeordnet, dem sich ein vorzugsweise als Hochgeschwindigkeits¬ mischraum ausgebildetes Flammrohr (22) und der Hauptbrennraum (24) anschließen. Dabei ist es nicht notwendigerweise erforderlich, daß das Flammrohr (22) in den Hauptbrennraum (24) hineinragt.A burner (19) is arranged concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the device in each case in the region of the end wall (14), followed by a flame tube (22), which is preferably designed as a high-speed mixing chamber, and the main combustion chamber (24). It is not necessary that the flame tube (22) in the Main combustion chamber (24) protrudes.
Im Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 ist der Hauptbrennraum (24) in einen ersten Abschnitt (23) mit großer Querschnittsfläche und einen zweiten Abschnitt (25) mit kleiner Querschnittsfläche unterteilt. Der erste Abschnitt (23) ist ringförmig zu der Achse (18) der Vorrichtung (10) angeordnet und wird begrenzt durch die Stirnwand (16), durch Abschnitte (17) des Außenmantels (12) und durch eine Zwischenwandung (50). Der zweite Abschnitt (25) des Hauptbrennraumes ist ein Ringraum um das Flammrohr (22), ausgehend von der Zwischenwandung (50) und mündend in einem weiteren Ringraum (28), in dem Wärmetauscherrohre (30) eines Kreuzgegenstromwärmetauschers (32) kon¬ zentrisch zur Achse (18) der Vorrichtung ( 10) und damit auch konzentrisch zum Flamm¬ rohr (22) angeordnet sind. Die Wärmetauscherrohre (30) münden in einem äußeren, an der Außenwandung (12) angrenzenden Ringraum (34), in dem sich eine Einlaßöffnung (36) befindet. Zwischen dem äußeren Ringraum (34) und der den Hauptbrennraum (24) begrenzenden Stirnwand (16) mündet der die Wärmetauscherrohre (30) aufweisende Ringraum (28) in einem Auslaß (38), der die Außenwandung (12) der Vorrichtung (10) durchdringt.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the main combustion chamber (24) is divided into a first section (23) with a large cross-sectional area and a second section (25) with a small cross-sectional area. The first section (23) is arranged annularly to the axis (18) of the device (10) and is delimited by the end wall (16), by sections (17) of the outer casing (12) and by an intermediate wall (50). The second section (25) of the main combustion chamber is an annular space around the flame tube (22), starting from the intermediate wall (50) and ending in a further annular space (28), in the heat exchanger tubes (30) of a cross-counterflow heat exchanger (32) concentrically Axis (18) of the device (10) and thus also concentric to the flame tube (22) are arranged. The heat exchanger tubes (30) open into an outer annular space (34) adjacent to the outer wall (12), in which there is an inlet opening (36). Between the outer annular space (34) and the end wall (16) delimiting the main combustion space (24), the annular space (28) having the heat exchanger tubes (30) opens into an outlet (38) which penetrates the outer wall (12) of the device (10) .
In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 2 wird das Flammrohr (22) vollständig von dem Hauptbrennraum (24) umgeben und mündet direkt radial in einen zur Achse (18) der Vorrichtung (10) konzentrisch angeordneten Ringraum (28), in dem sich Wärmetauscher¬ rohre (30) befinden. Die Wärmetauscherrohre (30) münden an gegenüberliegender Seite in den innerhalb des Außenmantels (12) gelegenem Eintrittsringraum (45), der durch einen Abschnitt des Außenmantels (12), den stirnseitigen Boden (16), den Brenn¬ raumboden (21), Abschnitte von den Hauptbrennraum (24) umgebenden Mantel (20) und einer als Rohrboden ausgebildeten Zwischenwandung (53) begrenzt ist und eine stutzen- förmg ausgebildete Einlaßöffnung (36) für das Trägergas besitzt .In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the flame tube (22) is completely surrounded by the main combustion chamber (24) and opens directly radially into an annular space (28) which is concentrically arranged to the axis (18) of the device (10) and contains heat exchanger tubes (30). The heat exchanger tubes (30) open on the opposite side into the inlet annular space (45) located inside the outer casing (12), which through a section of the outer casing (12), the frontal floor (16), the combustion chamber floor (21), sections of the jacket (20) surrounding the main combustion chamber (24) and an intermediate wall (53) designed as a tube sheet is limited and has a nozzle-shaped inlet opening (36) for the carrier gas.
Erfindungsgemäß sind in den Hauptbrennräumen (24) Leitelemente (40),According to the invention, guide elements (40) are located in the main combustion chambers (24),
(42), (44) angeordnet, die bewirken, daß über die gesamten Querschnitte der Hauptbrennräume (24) beziehungsweise über die Querschnitte der einzelnen Abschnitte der Hauptbrennräume eine gleichmäßige, im wesentlichen gleichgerichtete Strömung vorliegt.(42), (44) arranged, which cause that over the entire cross sections of the main combustion chambers (24) or over the cross sections of the individual sections of the main combustion chambers a uniform, in essentially rectified flow is present.
Die Leitelemente können sowohl durch geringe Formwiderstände als auch durch große Formwiderstände die Strömung fuhren. Beispielhaft bilden die Leitelemente (40) und (42) in Form eines Leitringes bzw. Leitbleches einen geringen Formwiderstand, wohingegen Leitelemente (44) in Form von Lochblechen bzw. Widerstandsgitter bzw. in Form von Blenden einen großen Formwiderstand bilden.The guide elements can guide the flow both through low form resistances and through large form resistances. By way of example, the guide elements (40) and (42) in the form of a guide ring or guide plate form a low form resistance, whereas guide elements (44) in the form of perforated plates or resistance grids or in the form of diaphragms form a large form resistance.
Um die erfindungsgemäße Wirkung zu erzielen, müssen die Leitelemente, insbesondere die Leitelemente (40) und (42), in ihrer Form derart ausgebildet sein, daß ein Abscheren von Teilvolumenströmen der rota¬ tionssymmetrischen Strömung auf den Boden (21) des Hauptbrennraumes (24) und ein Umlenken um 90° in Richtung des Brennkammeraustritts (26) bewirkt wird.In order to achieve the effect according to the invention, the shape of the guide elements, in particular the guide elements (40) and (42), must be such that partial volume flows of the rotationally symmetrical flow are sheared off onto the floor (21) of the main combustion chamber (24). and a deflection by 90 ° in the direction of the combustion chamber outlet (26) is effected.
Das in den Ausführungsbeispielen jeweils den Endbereich des Flammrohrs (22) umgebende Leitelement (44) in Form eines Lochbleches, Wider¬ standsgitters, einer Blende oder ähnliches stellt einen hohen Strömungs¬ widerstand dar, der aufgrund der hohen Geschwindigkeiten in im Leitelement vorliegenden freien Querschnittsflächen eine Verteilung einer einseitig am Außenmantel des Hauptbrennraumes (24) ausgebildeten Strömung auf die gesamte Querschnittsfläche des Hauptbrennraumes (24) bewirkt.The guide element (44) surrounding the end region of the flame tube (22) in the form of a perforated plate, resistance grille, orifice or the like in each of the exemplary embodiments represents a high flow resistance, which due to the high speeds in free cross-sectional areas present in the guide element Distribution of a flow formed on one side on the outer jacket of the main combustion chamber (24) over the entire cross-sectional area of the main combustion chamber (24).
Als Beispiel für die Verbrennung von Schadstoffen in einem Trägergas mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung (10) wird nachfolgend der Prozeß in der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 beschrieben.The process in the device according to FIG. 1 is described below as an example of the combustion of pollutants in a carrier gas with the device (10) according to the invention.
Schadstoffbeladenes Rohgas, also oxidierbare Bestandteile enthaltendes Trägergas, tritt durch den als Eintrittsstutzen ausgebildeten Gaseinlaß (36) in die Vorrichtung (10) ein, wird durch die konzentrisch zum Flamm¬ rohr (22) angeordneten Wärmetauscherrohre (30) gefuhrt, verläßt in einer koaxial zum Brenner (19) angeordneten und von der Stirnwand (14) begrenzten Kammer (46) den Wärmetauscher (32) und wird zumindest teilweise am Brenner (19) vorbeigefuhrt. Während des Durchströmens des Wärmetauschers (32) erfolgt eine Vorheizung durch Wärmeaufnahme über die Wärmetauscherrohre (30) aus dem aus dem Hauptbrennraum (24) aus¬ getretenen und die Wärmetauscherrohre (30) umströmenden Gas.Raw gas laden with pollutants, that is to say carrier gas containing oxidizable constituents, enters the device (10) through the gas inlet (36) designed as an inlet connection, is passed through the heat exchanger tubes (30) arranged concentrically to the flame tube (22) and leaves in one The heat exchanger (32) is arranged coaxially with the burner (19) and is delimited by the end wall (14) and is at least partially guided past the burner (19). During the flow through the heat exchanger (32), preheating takes place by taking up heat via the heat exchanger tubes (30) from the gas which has exited the main combustion chamber (24) and flows around the heat exchanger tubes (30).
Ein Teil des vorgeheizten schadstoffbeladenen Rohgases gelangt mit der Flamme des Brenners (19) in Berührung und dient als Verbrennungsgas. Der andere Teil strömt am Brenner (19) bzw. an der Flamme vorbei.Part of the preheated polluted raw gas comes into contact with the flame of the burner (19) and serves as the combustion gas. The other part flows past the burner (19) or the flame.
Aufgrund der hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten v mit v > 60 m/s im Vollastbetrieb im Flammrohr (22) werden die Gase aus der heißen Kernzone des Brenners (19) mit der kälteren sogenannten Ringspaltströmung des Gases, die über einen Spalt (48), der brennerseitig die Kammer (46) begrenzt, am Brenner vorbeigeführt wird, bis zum Ende des Flammrohres (22) vermischt. Dadurch wird im gesamten Rohgas die Verbrennung der Schadstoffe initiiert. Das Rohgas mit den bereits reagierenden Schad¬ stoffen tritt in dem ersten Abschnitt (23) des Hauptbrennraumes (24) ein und wird dort durch die als strömungsführende Einbauten wirkenden Leit¬ elemente (40) und/oder (42) und/oder (44) auf den gesamten Strömungsquer¬ schnitt der Hauptbrennkammer (24) verteilt, so daß eine gleichgerichtete Strömung entsteht und die Verbrennung über den Querschnitt des Haupt¬ brennraumes gleichmäßig erfolgt.Due to the high flow velocities v with v> 60 m / s in full-load operation in the flame tube (22), the gases from the hot core zone of the burner (19) with the colder so-called annular gap flow of the gas, which passes through a gap (48), the burner side Chamber (46) delimited, is guided past the burner, mixed until the end of the flame tube (22). This initiates the combustion of the pollutants in the entire raw gas. The raw gas with the already reacting pollutants enters the first section (23) of the main combustion chamber (24) and is there there by the guide elements (40) and / or (42) and / or (44) which act as flow-carrying internals. distributed over the entire flow cross section of the main combustion chamber (24), so that a rectified flow occurs and the combustion takes place uniformly over the cross section of the main combustion chamber.
Da nahezu die gesamte Länge des Flammrohres (22) erforderlich ist, um die über den Spalt (48) strömende und am Brenner (19) vorbeigeleitete kältere Ringströmung im Flammrohr mit der heißeren Kernströmung, die durch den Brenner (19) geleitet wird, zu vermischen, und daher zwischen Flammrohr¬ wandinnenseite und Flammrohrwandaußenseite eine Temperaturdifferenz besteht, erfolgt ein Wärmetausch zwischen dem heißen Trägergas in dem zweiten Abschnitt (25) der Hauptbrennkammer (24) und dem kälteren unge- reinigten Trägergas im Flammrohr (22). Folglich dient das Flammrohr (22) als zusätzliche Wärmetauscherfläche. Der Wärmetausch bewirkt eine Tem¬ peraturdifferenz von 20 °C bis 60 °C bei stationärem Betrieb zwischen dem Eintritt in den zweiten Abschnitt (25) des Hauptbrennraumes (24) und dem Austritt (26) aus dem Hauptbrennraum, also dem Eintritt in den Ringraum (28), in dem der Wärmetauscher (32) angeordnet ist.Since almost the entire length of the flame tube (22) is required in order to mix the colder ring flow in the flame tube flowing through the gap (48) and bypassing the burner (19) with the hotter core flow which is passed through the burner (19) , and therefore there is a temperature difference between the inside of the flame tube wall and the outside of the flame tube wall, a heat exchange takes place between the hot carrier gas in the second section (25) of the main combustion chamber (24) and the colder, cleaned carrier gas in the flame tube (22). Consequently, the flame tube (22) serves as an additional heat exchanger surface. The heat exchange causes a temperature difference of 20 ° C to 60 ° C during stationary operation between the entry into the second section (25) of the main combustion chamber (24) and the exit (26) from the main combustion chamber, i.e. the entry into the annular space ( 28) in which the heat exchanger (32) is arranged.
Das gereinigte Trägergas wird sodann um die Wärmetauscherrohre (30) des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers (32) geführt, gibt Wärme an das zu reinigende Trägergas ab und wird zum gleichfalls als Stutzen ausgebildeten Gasauslaß (38) geleitet. The cleaned carrier gas is then passed around the heat exchanger tubes (30) of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (32), emits heat to the carrier gas to be cleaned and is passed to the gas outlet (38) which is also designed as a nozzle.

Claims

PatentansprücheClaims
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verbrennen oxidierbarer Bestandteile in einem zu reini¬ genden Trägergas.Device and method for burning oxidizable components in a carrier gas to be cleaned.
Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen oxidierbarer Bestandteile in einem zu reinigendem Trägergas, umfassend einen Gaseinlaß (36), einen Brenner (19) mit sich an¬ schließendem Flammrohr (22), das in einem Boden- und Seitenwandungen (21, 20) umfassenden gegebenenfalls in Abschnitte (23) und (25) unterteilten Haupt¬ brennraum (24) mündet, einen an der Bodenwandung (21) vorzugsweise gegen¬ überliegender Seite des Hauptbrennraumes gelegenen Brennkammeraustritt (26), einen Wärmetauscher (32) sowie einen Gasauslaß (38), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hauptbrennraum (24) derart ausgebildet ist und/oder zumindest ein Leit¬ element (40, 42, 44) dergestalt aufweist, daß das von der Bodenwandung (21) in Richtung des Brennkammeraustritts (26) strömendes Gas über den Querschnitt des Hauptbrennraumes betrachtet gleichmäßig oder weitgehend gleichmäßig verteilt ist.Device for burning oxidizable constituents in a carrier gas to be cleaned, comprising a gas inlet (36), a burner (19) with a flame tube (22) adjoining it, which, if appropriate, comprises sections ((20) in the bottom and side walls (21, 20) 23) and (25) divided main combustion chamber (24) opens, a combustion chamber outlet (26) located on the bottom wall (21), preferably on the opposite side of the main combustion chamber, a heat exchanger (32) and a gas outlet (38), characterized in that that the main combustion chamber (24) is designed and / or has at least one guide element (40, 42, 44) such that the gas flowing from the bottom wall (21) in the direction of the combustion chamber outlet (26) is viewed over the cross section of the main combustion chamber is evenly or largely evenly distributed.
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitelement (40, 42, 44) ein Leitblech, ein Lochblech und/oder ein Leit¬ ring und/oder ein Reflektorkonus und/oder ein statischer Mischer ist und/oder aus Leitschaufeln zusammengesetzt ist. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest zwei Leitelemente (40,42,44) in verschiedenen Ebenen des Haupt¬ brennraumes (24) angeordnet sind.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide element (40, 42, 44) is a guide plate, a perforated plate and / or a guide ring and / or a reflector cone and / or a static mixer and / or is composed of guide vanes. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two guide elements (40,42,44) are arranged in different planes of the main combustion chamber (24).
4. Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitelement (40,42,44) symmetrisch zu einer Ebene ausgebildet ist, in der die Längsachse (18) des Hauptbrennraumes (24) verläuft.4. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide element (40,42,44) is formed symmetrically to a plane in which the longitudinal axis (18) of the main combustion chamber (24) extends.
5. Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitelement (40, 42,44) rotationssymmetrisch zur Längsachse (18) ausgebildet ist.5. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide element (40, 42, 44) is rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis (18).
6. Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitelement (44) eine Blende oder ein Widerstandsgitter oder ein Loch¬ blech oder ein statischer Mischer ist.6. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide element (44) is an aperture or a resistance grid or a perforated plate or a static mixer.
7. Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest zwei unterschiedliche Formwiderstände bildende Leitelemente (40,42,44) in dem Hauptbrennraum (24) angeordnet sind.7. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two guide elements (40, 42, 44) forming different form resistances are arranged in the main combustion chamber (24).
8. Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitelement (40,42) zwischen Austrittsöffnung des Flammrohres (22) und Bodenwandung (21) des Hauptbrennraumes (24) angeordnet ist. 9. Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein Leitelement (44) zwischen Flammrohr(22) und der Seiten¬ wandung (20) des Hauptbrennraumes (24) angeordnet ist.8. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide element (40,42) between the outlet opening of the flame tube (22) and bottom wall (21) of the main combustion chamber (24) is arranged. 9. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one guide element (44) between the flame tube (22) and the Seiten¬ wall (20) of the main combustion chamber (24) is arranged.
10. Verfahren zum Verbrennen oxidierbarer Bestandteile in einem zu reinigendem Trägergas in einer Vorrichtung (10) umfassend einen von einem Flammrohr (22) ausgehenden, durch Boden - und Seitenwandungen (20) begrenzten Hauptbrenn¬ raum (24), in dem gereinigtes Gas von der Bodenwandung (21) in Richtung eines vorzugsweise koaxial zum Flammrohr angeordneten Brennkammeraustritts (26) umgelenkt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das von der Bodenwandung (21) in Richtung des Brennraumaustrittes (26) umgelenkte Gas über den Querschnitt des Ringraumes derart geführt wird, daß das Gas über den Querschnitt des Hauptbrennraumes (24) im wesentlichen gleichmäßig verteilt strömt.10. A method for burning oxidizable constituents in a carrier gas to be cleaned in a device (10) comprising a main combustion chamber (24) starting from a flame tube (22) and delimited by bottom and side walls (20), in which cleaned gas from the Bottom wall (21) is deflected in the direction of a combustion chamber outlet (26) preferably arranged coaxially to the flame tube, characterized in that the gas deflected by the bottom wall (21) in the direction of the combustion chamber outlet (26) is guided over the cross section of the annular space in such a way that the Gas flows over the cross-section of the main combustion chamber (24) in a substantially uniformly distributed manner.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das umgelenkte Gas unter Vermeidung von Rückströmungen im Haupt¬ brennraum (24) im wesentlichen verwirbelungsfrei zum Brennraumaustritt(26) geführt wird. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the deflected gas is avoided substantially avoiding backflow in the main combustion chamber (24) to the combustion chamber outlet (26).
EP94909051A 1993-03-02 1994-02-25 Device and process for burning oxidisable components in a vehicle gas to be purified Expired - Lifetime EP0686250B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE4306417A DE4306417A1 (en) 1993-03-02 1993-03-02 Device and method for burning oxidizable components in a carrier gas to be cleaned
DE4306417 1993-03-02
PCT/EP1994/000539 WO1994020792A1 (en) 1993-03-02 1994-02-25 Device and process for burning oxidisable components in a vehicle gas to be purified

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DE59406977D1 (en) 1998-10-29
AU684752B2 (en) 1998-01-08
CA2157502A1 (en) 1994-09-15
WO1994020792A1 (en) 1994-09-15

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