EP0682543B1 - Masque respiratoire - Google Patents

Masque respiratoire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0682543B1
EP0682543B1 EP92924054A EP92924054A EP0682543B1 EP 0682543 B1 EP0682543 B1 EP 0682543B1 EP 92924054 A EP92924054 A EP 92924054A EP 92924054 A EP92924054 A EP 92924054A EP 0682543 B1 EP0682543 B1 EP 0682543B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
user
breathing
breathing mask
sealing means
airtight chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92924054A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0682543A1 (fr
Inventor
Erik W. Bahr
Oystein Ljungmann
Nils Kvandel
Vigbjorn Matre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0682543A1 publication Critical patent/EP0682543A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0682543B1 publication Critical patent/EP0682543B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/02—Respiratory apparatus with compressed oxygen or air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a breathing mask to be placed on a user's head for use during evacuation, relief and/or rescue operations, comprising a face piece with a visual field/window, flexible sealing means to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears for defining an airtight chamber, which sealing means is composed of an inflatable, annular cavity or a hose a pressure gas container for breathing gas, and having a pressure reduction valve and a manual and/or automatic release valve for supply of breathing gas to the mask's airtight chamber, as disclosed in the preamble of the following independent claim 1.
  • the area of use for the present invention thus pertains to evacuation/escape in the case of fire and/or accumulation of smoke or poisonous gas in residences, hotels, ferries, hospitals, homes for the aged, or other institutions, industrial buildings, etc.
  • a helmet or hood of this type is known, for example, from WO 91/00120, which relates to a breathing gas container disposed in the upper part of the helmet to be supported against the user's head, and walls projecting downward from the breathing gas container comprising, respectively, a compressed air reduction valve and release valves for conducting the air into the chamber of the helmet, and a window.
  • This hood/helmet may easily be slid down over the head of the user in the actual crisis situation, whereby the individual gains the opportunity to make an escape, or a rescue squad is able to carry out a mission in foul-smelling atmosphere or dangerous gases.
  • US 4,157,090 shows a mask with an inflatable sealing means to seal around the face of the wearer. None of the other above mentioned publications show a breathing mask with an inflatable sealing means.
  • the sealing means of US 4,157,090 is however inflated from a separate container, specially designed for this purpose. Therefore, the sealing means will not with certainty be inflated simultaneously with the starting of the breathing gas supply. This could lead to leakage of valuable breathing gas. The sealing means will not with certainty be deflated when the breathing gas container is empty. This could in worst case lead to suffocation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is thus to provide a breathing mask of the type mentioned in the above introduction, which takes into consideration the disadvantages of breathing masks according to the aforementioned prior art, which is achieved according to the invention by means of the characterizing features disclosed in the characterizing clause of the following claim 1 and the subsequent dependent claims.
  • the sealing means By connecting the sealing means to the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber of the mask, the sealing means will be inflated within short time after the breathing gas supply is switched on. When the breathing gas container is empty, the sealing means will automatically deflate and the risk of suffocation due to an empty breathing gas container will no longer be present. Instead the user hopefully by that time will have reached an area with fresh air.
  • life jackets have a large buoyancy member behind the neck in order to maintain a person in the sea in a floating position with the face upward. This is relevant in connection with evacuation from ships/structures in the sea where it is necessary to protect oneself from noxious gases both during the escape itself and after eventual jumping or being lowered into the sea with burning oil or accumulation of gas on the sea surface.
  • a breathing mask in accordance with the invention is relatively simple to produce and to use, and it could thus be placed in relevant locations such as hotel rooms, cabins on ferries, at easily accessible places in hospitals, schools, etc., and on marine structures such as, for example, drilling platforms.
  • a simple breathing mask according to the invention may thus be disposed in large number at appropriate locations, said equipment being capable of saving lives in cases of emergency where it is a matter of only a brief period of time to be able to escape from smoke or gas-filled areas to areas with an innocuous atmosphere.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide a breathing mask to be used by bed-ridden persons while they are being transported for evacuation in wheeled beds or by means of pulling mattresses or transporting patients or injured persons on stretchers, from areas having a noxious atmosphere to areas of non-injurious atmosphere.
  • a breathing mask according to claim 1 and as further specified in the subsequent dependent claims, with a rearwardly directed support means at the circumference of the breathing mask to support the mask against a base surface when the breathing mask is placed over the face of the reclining patient/user.
  • FIG. l in the drawings shows the breathing mask l placed on the user's head and fastened with a head strap 1c.
  • Breathing mask l comprises a face piece la with a visual field/window 2, flexible sealing means 6 to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears, a pressure gas container 3 for breathing gas and a pressure reduction valve 4 and manual and/or automatic release valve 5 with control lever 5a for supplying breathing gas to chamber 1b of mask l rendered airtight with the aid of the flexible sealing means 6.
  • Sealing means 6 is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to encircle the entire face of the user in sealing contact therewith, such that the airtight chamber extends from the chin area over the mouth and nose section, including the eyes and forehead section.
  • Said head strap 1c is fastened in a suitable manner, for example by means of pressure snaps, or is simply pivotably secured to pressure gas container 3.
  • the head strap may be elastic to adapt to various head sizes, or it may be regulated with respect to length by various means that are known per se .
  • Pressure gas container 3 consists of one or more closed, communicating tubes 3a which are bent into a closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears.
  • Said one or more communicating tubes 3a may be built into a material to form an annular unit having a shape adapted to a user's face in order to stretch over the user's skull and down along the face in front of the ears and in under the user's chin section.
  • Pressure gas container 3 thus constitutes a relatively rigid body that is supported by the user's skull and is thus suitable as a support for face piece la of breathing mask l as well as sealing means 6.
  • Sealing means 6 may be made composed of an inflatable, annular cavity or a hose 6a.
  • the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6a in one embodiment form may be separately connected by a hose 10 to the breathing gas supply 9 to the airtight chamber 1b of mask l, and may be inflated by tripping the release valve 5 with the aid of control lever 5a to supply breathing gas to the airtight chamber 1b of mask l.
  • the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6 may be connected between and in series with pressure reduction valve 4 and airtight chamber 1b of mask l by means of a hose ll, for automatic through flow and inflation of the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6 on opening of the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber 1b with the aid of release valve 5, as shown in Figure 4, and where the air flows out into said chamber 1b via nozzles 11a.
  • the sealing means 6 is positioned in the lower part of the face piece 1a in such manner as to come to rest only around the user's chin section and cheek as well as over the user's nose section, thereby defining a smaller airtight chamber 1b than the larger airtight chamber 1b shown in Figure 1.
  • any formation of fog or dew on window 2 of breathing mask 1 is avoided, said window 2 thus lying outside the airtight chrnber with its supply of breathing gas as well as the infusion of moist expiratory air.
  • airtight chamber 1b of breathing mask l is supplied with breathing gas under pressure from pressure gas container 3, the mixed air in airtight chamber 1b must necessarily be able to escape past flexible sealing means 6.
  • sealing capability of sealing means 6 is not critical, since the overpressure in the airtight chamber 1b will constantly prevent the penetration of harmful gas thereinto because the mixed air, as a result of said overpressure, forces its way out through any potential leakage points in sealing means 6.
  • a pressure relief valve may, if necessary, be provided in the face piece of the actual breathing mask 1 to release used mixed air.
  • breathing mask l is equipped with a rearwardly directed support means 7 at the circumference of breathing mask 1, or more specifically breathing gas container 3, to support breathing mask 1 against a base surface A as shown in Figure 6.
  • Support means 7 here constitutes an annular wall 7a having recesses 7b,7c for, respectively, the ears and neck of the user.
  • the patient/injured person is hereby able to perceive and hear information and thus comprehend the actions of the assisting personnel in connection with a evacuation operation. This, of course, is on the condition that the patient/injured person is conscious.
  • Support means 7 may in an alternative embodiment be composed of at least three projections 8 mutually spaced around the circumference of breathing mask 1 for, respectively, exposing the user's ears and enclosing the user's neck. Breathing mask l with said projections is also shown viewed from the front or above in Figure 7 and viewed from the rear/underside in Figure 8.
  • pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5 may be arranged in a number of different ways, including that indicated in Figure 1, namely at the upper part of pressure gas container 3, i.e., at the user's skull.
  • pressure reduction valve 4 may be constructed together with release valve 5 for automatic release of the latter by placement of the breathing mask on the user's face, control lever 5a for said release valve being actuated by contact with the user's head.
  • release valve 5 may if desired be designed for manual operation, with control lever 5a being placed at a convenient location.
  • Outflow of breathing gas from pressure reduction valve 4 via release valve 5 can take place in a number of suitable ways.
  • the outflowing breathing gas may be directed against window 2 of breathing mask 1 in order to prevent/-decrease the formation of dew or fog with the embodiment form according to Figure 1.
  • a breathing gas hose 9 may thus be positioned from said valve arrangement 4,5 and forward to the upper part of window 2 for downward flow of breathing air, or at the lower section of the window and, thereby, upward flowing breathing air, or from the sides thereof.
  • Face piece 1a of breathing mask 1, and optionally also the visual field/window 2 may be constructed of flexible material in order thereby, inter alia , to reduce the size of the breathing mask in folded or packed state. This can have significance with respect to both the question of preparedness in storing a plurality of breathing masks, and also for carrying along the individual breathing mask during an alarm/rescue operation.
  • a speech membrane 1d may be provided in face piece 1a directly outward of the user's mouth section.
  • said pressure gas container 3 may be divided into groups, each of which is connected with its respective pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5. In this respect it is expected that at least one group will remain intact so that the breathing mask will provide protection, if only for a shorter period of time.
  • Said groups consisting of one or more communicating tubes 3a may be arranged alongside each other within the total pressure gas container 3, or in sequence in the longitudinal direction of pressure gas container 3.
  • Said groups may be embedded in a support body, which groups and support body constitute the previously mentioned closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears, and to which support body the face piece 1a together with sealing means 6 are attached.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Masque respiratoire (1) à placer sur la tête d'un utilisateur pour être utilisé pendant des opérations d'évacuation, d'assistance et/ou de secours, comprenant un pièce faciale (1a) comportant un champ visuel/fenêtre (2), des moyens de fixation étanche flexibles (6) pour se fixer de manière étanche contre le visage de l'utilisateur devant les oreilles de l'utilisateur pour- définir une chambre étanche à l'air (1b), lesdits moyens de fixation étanche (6) étant composés d'une cavité ou d'un manchon (6a) annulaire gonflable, un conteneur de gaz sous pression (3) pour du gaz respiratoire et ayant une soupape de diminution de pression (4) et une soupape d'évacuation manuelle et/ou automatique (5) pour alimenter du gaz respiratoire à la chambre étanche (1b) du masque (1), caractérisé en ce que les moyens de fixation étanche (6) sont connectés avec l'alimentation de gaz respiratoire à la chambre étanche (1b) du masque (1).
  2. Masque respiratoire selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le conteneur de gaz sous pression (3), réalisé sous la forme d'un ou plusieurs tube(s) fermé(s) communiquant (3a), forme un anneau fermé ou ouvert pour encercler le visage de l'utilisateur devant les oreilles de l'utilisateur, la pièce faciale (1a) ensemble avec les moyens de fixation étanche (6) étant fixée audit conteneur de gaz sous pression (3).
  3. Masque respiratoire selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de fixation étanche encerclent seulement la partie de nez et de bouche du l'utilisateur et définissent la chambre étanche du masque (1b).
  4. Masque respiratoire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la chambre étanche et la cavité/manchon (6a) des moyens de fixation étanche (6) sont chacune séparément connectées à l'alimentation de gaz respiratoire.
  5. Masque respiratoire selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la cavité/manchon (6a) des moyens de fixation étanche (6) est connectée entre et en série avec la soupape de diminution de pression (4) et la chambre étanche (1b) du masque (1) pour un écoulement traversant automatique et un gonflage de la cavité/manchon (6a) des moyens de fixation étanche (6) lors de l'ouverture de l'alimentation de gaz respiratoire vers la chambre étanche (1b) avec l'aide de la soupape d'évacuation (5).
  6. Masque respiratoire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par des moyens de support dirigés vers l'arrière (7) à la circonférence du masque respiratoire (1) pour supporter le masque respiratoire (1) contre une surface de base (A) lorsqu'il est placé sur le visage d'un utilisateur/patient couché dans un lit, sur un brancard ou sur une autre surface de base.
  7. Masque respiratoire selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de support (7) sont composés d'une paroi annulaire (7a) ayant des évidements (7b, 7c) pour respectivement les oreilles et la nuque de l'utilisateur.
  8. Masque respiratoire selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de support (7) sont composés d'au moins trois projections (8) mutuellement espacés autour de la circonférence du masque respiratoire (1) pour respectivement exposer les oreilles de l'utilisateur et entourer la nuque de l'utilisateur.
  9. Masque respiratoire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pièce faciale (1a) et optionnellement également le champ visuel/fenêtre (2) est réalisée en matériau flexible pour ainsi réduire la dimension du masque respiratoire à l'état replié ou empaqueté.
  10. Masque respiratoire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une membrane vocale (1d) est prévue dans la pièce faciale (1a) pour une meilleure communication du son à partir de l'intérieur du masque respiratoire.
  11. Masque respiratoire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube/les tubes de communication (3a) est/sont arrangé(s) en au moins deux groupes séparés à travers ou le long du conteneur de gaz sous pression résultant (3), lesdits groupes de tube étant encastrés dans un corps de support et connectés individuellement à leur soupape d'évacuation respective (5) et, optionnellement à la soupape de diminution de pression (4).
EP92924054A 1991-11-29 1992-11-26 Masque respiratoire Expired - Lifetime EP0682543B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO914695 1991-11-29
NO914695A NO174767C (no) 1991-11-29 1991-11-29 Pustemaske
PCT/NO1992/000186 WO1993010858A1 (fr) 1991-11-29 1992-11-26 Masque respiratoire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0682543A1 EP0682543A1 (fr) 1995-11-22
EP0682543B1 true EP0682543B1 (fr) 1999-09-08

Family

ID=19894643

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92924054A Expired - Lifetime EP0682543B1 (fr) 1991-11-29 1992-11-26 Masque respiratoire

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0682543B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE184207T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2958092A (fr)
DE (1) DE69229965T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0682543T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2140420T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO174767C (fr)
WO (1) WO1993010858A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6014971A (en) * 1997-08-15 2000-01-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Protective system for face and respiratory protection
DE10348532A1 (de) * 2003-10-18 2005-05-19 Gottlieb Weinmann - Geräte für Medizin und Arbeitsschutz - GmbH + Co. Beatmungsmaske
DE602007005377D1 (de) 2006-08-10 2010-04-29 Intertechnique Sa Atemmaske mit autonomem aufblasbarem gurt
CN108159596A (zh) * 2018-03-23 2018-06-15 郑州龙威电子科技有限公司 一种新型正压式空气呼吸机面罩

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3392724A (en) * 1965-04-14 1968-07-16 Therapeutic Res Corp Ltd Oxygen inhalator
DE2651917C3 (de) * 1976-11-13 1979-10-25 Draegerwerk Ag, 2400 Luebeck Atemschutzhaube insbesondere für Fluchtzwecke
US4157090A (en) * 1977-11-15 1979-06-05 Phillips Jacque R Short-term emergency survival breathing and eye-shielding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2140420T3 (es) 2000-03-01
NO914695D0 (no) 1991-11-29
DE69229965T2 (de) 2000-05-11
WO1993010858A1 (fr) 1993-06-10
DE69229965D1 (de) 1999-10-14
EP0682543A1 (fr) 1995-11-22
NO174767B (no) 1994-03-28
DK0682543T3 (da) 2000-04-03
ATE184207T1 (de) 1999-09-15
NO914695L (no) 1993-06-01
AU2958092A (en) 1993-06-28
NO174767C (no) 1994-07-06

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