EP0682543B1 - Atemschutzmaske - Google Patents

Atemschutzmaske Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0682543B1
EP0682543B1 EP92924054A EP92924054A EP0682543B1 EP 0682543 B1 EP0682543 B1 EP 0682543B1 EP 92924054 A EP92924054 A EP 92924054A EP 92924054 A EP92924054 A EP 92924054A EP 0682543 B1 EP0682543 B1 EP 0682543B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
user
breathing
breathing mask
sealing means
airtight chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92924054A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0682543A1 (de
Inventor
Erik W. Bahr
Oystein Ljungmann
Nils Kvandel
Vigbjorn Matre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0682543A1 publication Critical patent/EP0682543A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0682543B1 publication Critical patent/EP0682543B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/02—Respiratory apparatus with compressed oxygen or air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a breathing mask to be placed on a user's head for use during evacuation, relief and/or rescue operations, comprising a face piece with a visual field/window, flexible sealing means to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears for defining an airtight chamber, which sealing means is composed of an inflatable, annular cavity or a hose a pressure gas container for breathing gas, and having a pressure reduction valve and a manual and/or automatic release valve for supply of breathing gas to the mask's airtight chamber, as disclosed in the preamble of the following independent claim 1.
  • the area of use for the present invention thus pertains to evacuation/escape in the case of fire and/or accumulation of smoke or poisonous gas in residences, hotels, ferries, hospitals, homes for the aged, or other institutions, industrial buildings, etc.
  • a helmet or hood of this type is known, for example, from WO 91/00120, which relates to a breathing gas container disposed in the upper part of the helmet to be supported against the user's head, and walls projecting downward from the breathing gas container comprising, respectively, a compressed air reduction valve and release valves for conducting the air into the chamber of the helmet, and a window.
  • This hood/helmet may easily be slid down over the head of the user in the actual crisis situation, whereby the individual gains the opportunity to make an escape, or a rescue squad is able to carry out a mission in foul-smelling atmosphere or dangerous gases.
  • US 4,157,090 shows a mask with an inflatable sealing means to seal around the face of the wearer. None of the other above mentioned publications show a breathing mask with an inflatable sealing means.
  • the sealing means of US 4,157,090 is however inflated from a separate container, specially designed for this purpose. Therefore, the sealing means will not with certainty be inflated simultaneously with the starting of the breathing gas supply. This could lead to leakage of valuable breathing gas. The sealing means will not with certainty be deflated when the breathing gas container is empty. This could in worst case lead to suffocation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is thus to provide a breathing mask of the type mentioned in the above introduction, which takes into consideration the disadvantages of breathing masks according to the aforementioned prior art, which is achieved according to the invention by means of the characterizing features disclosed in the characterizing clause of the following claim 1 and the subsequent dependent claims.
  • the sealing means By connecting the sealing means to the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber of the mask, the sealing means will be inflated within short time after the breathing gas supply is switched on. When the breathing gas container is empty, the sealing means will automatically deflate and the risk of suffocation due to an empty breathing gas container will no longer be present. Instead the user hopefully by that time will have reached an area with fresh air.
  • life jackets have a large buoyancy member behind the neck in order to maintain a person in the sea in a floating position with the face upward. This is relevant in connection with evacuation from ships/structures in the sea where it is necessary to protect oneself from noxious gases both during the escape itself and after eventual jumping or being lowered into the sea with burning oil or accumulation of gas on the sea surface.
  • a breathing mask in accordance with the invention is relatively simple to produce and to use, and it could thus be placed in relevant locations such as hotel rooms, cabins on ferries, at easily accessible places in hospitals, schools, etc., and on marine structures such as, for example, drilling platforms.
  • a simple breathing mask according to the invention may thus be disposed in large number at appropriate locations, said equipment being capable of saving lives in cases of emergency where it is a matter of only a brief period of time to be able to escape from smoke or gas-filled areas to areas with an innocuous atmosphere.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide a breathing mask to be used by bed-ridden persons while they are being transported for evacuation in wheeled beds or by means of pulling mattresses or transporting patients or injured persons on stretchers, from areas having a noxious atmosphere to areas of non-injurious atmosphere.
  • a breathing mask according to claim 1 and as further specified in the subsequent dependent claims, with a rearwardly directed support means at the circumference of the breathing mask to support the mask against a base surface when the breathing mask is placed over the face of the reclining patient/user.
  • FIG. l in the drawings shows the breathing mask l placed on the user's head and fastened with a head strap 1c.
  • Breathing mask l comprises a face piece la with a visual field/window 2, flexible sealing means 6 to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears, a pressure gas container 3 for breathing gas and a pressure reduction valve 4 and manual and/or automatic release valve 5 with control lever 5a for supplying breathing gas to chamber 1b of mask l rendered airtight with the aid of the flexible sealing means 6.
  • Sealing means 6 is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to encircle the entire face of the user in sealing contact therewith, such that the airtight chamber extends from the chin area over the mouth and nose section, including the eyes and forehead section.
  • Said head strap 1c is fastened in a suitable manner, for example by means of pressure snaps, or is simply pivotably secured to pressure gas container 3.
  • the head strap may be elastic to adapt to various head sizes, or it may be regulated with respect to length by various means that are known per se .
  • Pressure gas container 3 consists of one or more closed, communicating tubes 3a which are bent into a closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears.
  • Said one or more communicating tubes 3a may be built into a material to form an annular unit having a shape adapted to a user's face in order to stretch over the user's skull and down along the face in front of the ears and in under the user's chin section.
  • Pressure gas container 3 thus constitutes a relatively rigid body that is supported by the user's skull and is thus suitable as a support for face piece la of breathing mask l as well as sealing means 6.
  • Sealing means 6 may be made composed of an inflatable, annular cavity or a hose 6a.
  • the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6a in one embodiment form may be separately connected by a hose 10 to the breathing gas supply 9 to the airtight chamber 1b of mask l, and may be inflated by tripping the release valve 5 with the aid of control lever 5a to supply breathing gas to the airtight chamber 1b of mask l.
  • the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6 may be connected between and in series with pressure reduction valve 4 and airtight chamber 1b of mask l by means of a hose ll, for automatic through flow and inflation of the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6 on opening of the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber 1b with the aid of release valve 5, as shown in Figure 4, and where the air flows out into said chamber 1b via nozzles 11a.
  • the sealing means 6 is positioned in the lower part of the face piece 1a in such manner as to come to rest only around the user's chin section and cheek as well as over the user's nose section, thereby defining a smaller airtight chamber 1b than the larger airtight chamber 1b shown in Figure 1.
  • any formation of fog or dew on window 2 of breathing mask 1 is avoided, said window 2 thus lying outside the airtight chrnber with its supply of breathing gas as well as the infusion of moist expiratory air.
  • airtight chamber 1b of breathing mask l is supplied with breathing gas under pressure from pressure gas container 3, the mixed air in airtight chamber 1b must necessarily be able to escape past flexible sealing means 6.
  • sealing capability of sealing means 6 is not critical, since the overpressure in the airtight chamber 1b will constantly prevent the penetration of harmful gas thereinto because the mixed air, as a result of said overpressure, forces its way out through any potential leakage points in sealing means 6.
  • a pressure relief valve may, if necessary, be provided in the face piece of the actual breathing mask 1 to release used mixed air.
  • breathing mask l is equipped with a rearwardly directed support means 7 at the circumference of breathing mask 1, or more specifically breathing gas container 3, to support breathing mask 1 against a base surface A as shown in Figure 6.
  • Support means 7 here constitutes an annular wall 7a having recesses 7b,7c for, respectively, the ears and neck of the user.
  • the patient/injured person is hereby able to perceive and hear information and thus comprehend the actions of the assisting personnel in connection with a evacuation operation. This, of course, is on the condition that the patient/injured person is conscious.
  • Support means 7 may in an alternative embodiment be composed of at least three projections 8 mutually spaced around the circumference of breathing mask 1 for, respectively, exposing the user's ears and enclosing the user's neck. Breathing mask l with said projections is also shown viewed from the front or above in Figure 7 and viewed from the rear/underside in Figure 8.
  • pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5 may be arranged in a number of different ways, including that indicated in Figure 1, namely at the upper part of pressure gas container 3, i.e., at the user's skull.
  • pressure reduction valve 4 may be constructed together with release valve 5 for automatic release of the latter by placement of the breathing mask on the user's face, control lever 5a for said release valve being actuated by contact with the user's head.
  • release valve 5 may if desired be designed for manual operation, with control lever 5a being placed at a convenient location.
  • Outflow of breathing gas from pressure reduction valve 4 via release valve 5 can take place in a number of suitable ways.
  • the outflowing breathing gas may be directed against window 2 of breathing mask 1 in order to prevent/-decrease the formation of dew or fog with the embodiment form according to Figure 1.
  • a breathing gas hose 9 may thus be positioned from said valve arrangement 4,5 and forward to the upper part of window 2 for downward flow of breathing air, or at the lower section of the window and, thereby, upward flowing breathing air, or from the sides thereof.
  • Face piece 1a of breathing mask 1, and optionally also the visual field/window 2 may be constructed of flexible material in order thereby, inter alia , to reduce the size of the breathing mask in folded or packed state. This can have significance with respect to both the question of preparedness in storing a plurality of breathing masks, and also for carrying along the individual breathing mask during an alarm/rescue operation.
  • a speech membrane 1d may be provided in face piece 1a directly outward of the user's mouth section.
  • said pressure gas container 3 may be divided into groups, each of which is connected with its respective pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5. In this respect it is expected that at least one group will remain intact so that the breathing mask will provide protection, if only for a shorter period of time.
  • Said groups consisting of one or more communicating tubes 3a may be arranged alongside each other within the total pressure gas container 3, or in sequence in the longitudinal direction of pressure gas container 3.
  • Said groups may be embedded in a support body, which groups and support body constitute the previously mentioned closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears, and to which support body the face piece 1a together with sealing means 6 are attached.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Atemschutzmaske (1), die am Kopf eines Benützers zur Verwendung während Evakuier-, Schutz- und/oder Rettungsvorgängen anbringbar ist, bestehend aus einem Gesichtsteil (1a) mit einem Sehfeld / Fenster (2), einem flexiblen Dichtorgan (6) zur Abdichtung des Gesichtes des Benützers vor dessen Ohren unter Bildung einer luftdichten Kammer (1b), welches Dichtorgan (6) aus einem aufblasbaren, ringförmigen Hohlraum oder Schlauch (6a) besteht, sowie einem Druckgasbehälter (3) für Beatmungsgas mit einem Druckreduzierventil (4) und einem manuellen und/oder automatischen Auslaßventil (5) zur Zuführung von Beatmungsgas zur luftdichten Kammer (1b) der Maske (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dichtorgan (6) mit der Beatmungsgaszuführung zur luftdichten Kammer (1b) der Maske (1) verbunden ist.
  2. Atemschutzmaske nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckgasbehälter (3) in Form von einem oder mehreren geschlossenen in Verbindung stehenden Rohren (3a) einen geschlossenen oder offenen Ring bildet, der das Gesicht des Benützers vor dessen Ohren umschließt, wobei der Gesichtsteil (1a) zusammen mit dem Dichtorgan (6) am Druckgasbehälter (3) befestigt ist.
  3. Atemschutzmaske nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dichtorgan (6) nur die Nase und den Mundbereich des Benützers umschließt und die luftdichte Kammer (1b) der Maske definiert.
  4. Atemschutzmaske nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die luftdichte Kammer (1b) und der Hohlraum / Schlauch (6a) des Dichtorgans (6) jeweils getrennt mit der Beatmungsgaszuführung verbunden sind.
  5. Atemschutzmaske nach Patentanspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlraum / Schlauch (6a) des Dichtorgans (6) zwischen und in Serie mit dem Druckreduzierventil (4) sowie der luftdichten Kammer (1b) der Maske (1) angeordnet ist zum automatischen Durchfluß und Aufblasen des Hohlraumes / Schlauches (6a) des Dichtorgans (6) beim Öffnen der Beatmungsgaszufuhr zur luftdichten Kammer (1b) mittels des Auslaßventils (5).
  6. Atemschutzmaske nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein nach hinten gerichtetes Stützorgan (7) am Umfang der Beatmungsmaske (1), um die Atemschutzmaske (1) gegen die Basisfläche (A) abzustützen, sobald sie über das Gesicht eines im Bett, auf einer Streckvorrichtung, oder anderen Basisfläche liegenden Benützers / Patienten plaziert ist.
  7. Atemschutzmaske nach Patentanspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Stützorgan (7) aus einer ringförmigen Wandung (7a) mit Ausnehmungen (7b, 7c) für die Ohren beziehungsweise den Nacken des Benützers besteht.
  8. Atemschutzmaske nach Patentanspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Stützorgan (7) aus zumindest drei um den Umfang der Atemschutzmaske (1) herum voneinander im Abstand befindlichen Vorsprüngen (8) besteht, um die Ohren des Benützers freizuhalten beziehungsweise dessen Nacken zu umschließen.
  9. Atemschutzmaske nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gesichtsteil (1a) und gegebenenfalls auch das Sehfeld / Fenster (2) aus flexiblem Material besteht, um dadurch die Größe der Atemschutzmaske in gefaltetem oder verpacktem Zustand zu reduzieren.
  10. Atemschutzmaske nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Gesichtsteil (1a) eine Sprechmembrane (1d) zur besseren Schallübertragung aus dem Inneren der Atemschutzmaske vorgesehen ist.
  11. Atemschutzmaske nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die miteinander in Verbindung stehenden Rohre (3a) in wenigstens zwei getrennten Gruppen über oder entlang des jeweiligen Druckgasbehälters (3) angeordnet sind, wobei diese Rohrgruppen in einem Stützkörper eingebettet und individuell mit ihrem zugehörigen Auslaßventil (5) sowie gegebenenfalls mit dem Druckreduzierventil (4) verbunden sind.
EP92924054A 1991-11-29 1992-11-26 Atemschutzmaske Expired - Lifetime EP0682543B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO914695 1991-11-29
NO914695A NO174767C (no) 1991-11-29 1991-11-29 Pustemaske
PCT/NO1992/000186 WO1993010858A1 (en) 1991-11-29 1992-11-26 Breathing mask

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0682543A1 EP0682543A1 (de) 1995-11-22
EP0682543B1 true EP0682543B1 (de) 1999-09-08

Family

ID=19894643

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92924054A Expired - Lifetime EP0682543B1 (de) 1991-11-29 1992-11-26 Atemschutzmaske

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0682543B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE184207T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2958092A (de)
DE (1) DE69229965T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0682543T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2140420T3 (de)
NO (1) NO174767C (de)
WO (1) WO1993010858A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6014971A (en) * 1997-08-15 2000-01-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Protective system for face and respiratory protection
DE10348532A1 (de) * 2003-10-18 2005-05-19 Gottlieb Weinmann - Geräte für Medizin und Arbeitsschutz - GmbH + Co. Beatmungsmaske
US8464717B2 (en) 2006-08-10 2013-06-18 Intertechnique Breathing mask with an autonomous inflatable harness
CN108159596A (zh) * 2018-03-23 2018-06-15 郑州龙威电子科技有限公司 一种新型正压式空气呼吸机面罩

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3392724A (en) * 1965-04-14 1968-07-16 Therapeutic Res Corp Ltd Oxygen inhalator
DE2651917C3 (de) * 1976-11-13 1979-10-25 Draegerwerk Ag, 2400 Luebeck Atemschutzhaube insbesondere für Fluchtzwecke
US4157090A (en) * 1977-11-15 1979-06-05 Phillips Jacque R Short-term emergency survival breathing and eye-shielding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2140420T3 (es) 2000-03-01
DE69229965D1 (de) 1999-10-14
EP0682543A1 (de) 1995-11-22
ATE184207T1 (de) 1999-09-15
NO914695D0 (no) 1991-11-29
WO1993010858A1 (en) 1993-06-10
NO914695L (no) 1993-06-01
DE69229965T2 (de) 2000-05-11
DK0682543T3 (da) 2000-04-03
NO174767B (no) 1994-03-28
NO174767C (no) 1994-07-06
AU2958092A (en) 1993-06-28

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