EP0682543B1

EP0682543B1 - Breathing mask

Info

Publication number: EP0682543B1
Application number: EP92924054A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Erik W. Bahr; Oystein Ljungmann; Nils Kvandel; Vigbjorn Matre
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1991-11-29
Filing date: 1992-11-26
Publication date: 1999-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2012-11-26
Also published as: EP0682543A1; NO914695L; NO174767C; NO174767B; NO914695D0; DK0682543T3; ATE184207T1; AU2958092A; WO1993010858A1; DE69229965T2; ES2140420T3; DE69229965D1

Abstract

A breathing mask (1) to be placed on a user's head for use during evacuation, relief and/or rescue operations, comprising a face piece (1a) wiht a visual field/window (2), flexible sealing means (6) to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears, a pressure gas container (3) for breathing gas, and having a pressure reduction valve (4) and a manual and/or automatic release valve (5) for supply of breathing gas to the mask's (1) airtight chamber (1b). The pressure gas container (3) in the form of one or more closed, communicating tubes (3a) forms a closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears. The pressure gas container (3) forms a support for the face piece (1a) which is attached thereto together with the sealing means (6). The sealing means (6) is preferably composed of an inflatable, annular cavity or a hose (6a) which is connected with the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber (1b) of the mask (1).

Description

The present invention relates to a breathing mask to be placed on a user's head for use during evacuation, relief and/or rescue operations, comprising a face piece with a visual field/window, flexible sealing means to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears for defining an airtight chamber, which sealing means is composed of an inflatable, annular cavity or a hose a pressure gas container for breathing gas, and having a pressure reduction valve and a manual and/or automatic release valve for supply of breathing gas to the mask's airtight chamber, as disclosed in the preamble of the following independent claim 1.
In fire accidents over the years, people's lives have been lost as a result of smoke poisoning. In many cases this has happened under circumstances where only a few minutes' supply of fresh air to breathe could have enabled these exposed persons to get to safety. This might involve continued occupation of a room with heat and smoke accumulation, and evacuation out a window as soon as a fire ladder or other rescue equipment has been put in place, or escaping through smoke-filled corridors/staircases to fresh air or to smoke-free areas in a building or ship.
The area of use for the present invention thus pertains to evacuation/escape in the case of fire and/or accumulation of smoke or poisonous gas in residences, hotels, ferries, hospitals, homes for the aged, or other institutions, industrial buildings, etc.
As relevent areas of usage, there may also be mentioned easily deployable and portable respiration and protective equipment for ambulance drivers, police, etc., on assignments in a foul-smelling atmosphere or in connection with dangerous gases. A further area of use is as preparedness equipment for guards and operators at chemical plants, facilities in the oil and petroleum industry, oil installations, ships and other means of transport.
There are previously known helmets/hoods having a supply of compressed air to assist for evacuation purposes during smoke accumulation in the case of fire, etc.
A helmet or hood of this type is known, for example, from WO 91/00120, which relates to a breathing gas container disposed in the upper part of the helmet to be supported against the user's head, and walls projecting downward from the breathing gas container comprising, respectively, a compressed air reduction valve and release valves for conducting the air into the chamber of the helmet, and a window. This hood/helmet may easily be slid down over the head of the user in the actual crisis situation, whereby the individual gains the opportunity to make an escape, or a rescue squad is able to carry out a mission in foul-smelling atmosphere or dangerous gases.
There is also known from, for example, US patent 1,105,127 a breathing mask of the mentioned type where the breathing gas container is connected to the breathing mask by a hose, said breathing gas container being securely fastened to the user's back or suspended around the user's neck. Such equipment could come into conflict with other rescue equipment such as buoyancy suits, life jackets and other garments during use. To avoid such conflicts, it would be recommendable that the breathing gas container be disposed within the breathing mask itself, as known from US patent no. 4,157,090, which is provided with a breathing gas container positioned on the actual face mask, presumably on the front part thereof, thus constituting a weight increase thereon, requiring an improved means of fastening the protective mash onto the user's head. This is in contrast to the previously mentioned known hood/helmet where the breathing gas container is disposed on the user's head and supported thereby such that no problems arise with regard to the fastening of the helmet/hood.
DE 2,651,917 and SE 311 288 show other examples of breathing masks,
US 4,157,090 shows a mask with an inflatable sealing means to seal around the face of the wearer. None of the other above mentioned publications show a breathing mask with an inflatable sealing means. The sealing means of US 4,157,090 is however inflated from a separate container, specially designed for this purpose. Therefore, the sealing means will not with certainty be inflated simultaneously with the starting of the breathing gas supply. This could lead to leakage of valuable breathing gas. The sealing means will not with certainty be deflated when the breathing gas container is empty. This could in worst case lead to suffocation.
The purpose of the present invention is thus to provide a breathing mask of the type mentioned in the above introduction, which takes into consideration the disadvantages of breathing masks according to the aforementioned prior art, which is achieved according to the invention by means of the characterizing features disclosed in the characterizing clause of the following claim 1 and the subsequent dependent claims.
By connecting the sealing means to the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber of the mask, the sealing means will be inflated within short time after the breathing gas supply is switched on. When the breathing gas container is empty, the sealing means will automatically deflate and the risk of suffocation due to an empty breathing gas container will no longer be present. Instead the user hopefully by that time will have reached an area with fresh air.
As is known, life jackets have a large buoyancy member behind the neck in order to maintain a person in the sea in a floating position with the face upward. This is relevant in connection with evacuation from ships/structures in the sea where it is necessary to protect oneself from noxious gases both during the escape itself and after eventual jumping or being lowered into the sea with burning oil or accumulation of gas on the sea surface.
A breathing mask in accordance with the invention is relatively simple to produce and to use, and it could thus be placed in relevant locations such as hotel rooms, cabins on ferries, at easily accessible places in hospitals, schools, etc., and on marine structures such as, for example, drilling platforms.
A simple breathing mask according to the invention may thus be disposed in large number at appropriate locations, said equipment being capable of saving lives in cases of emergency where it is a matter of only a brief period of time to be able to escape from smoke or gas-filled areas to areas with an innocuous atmosphere.
A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a breathing mask to be used by bed-ridden persons while they are being transported for evacuation in wheeled beds or by means of pulling mattresses or transporting patients or injured persons on stretchers, from areas having a noxious atmosphere to areas of non-injurious atmosphere.
This is achieved according to the invention by providing a breathing mask, according to claim 1 and as further specified in the subsequent dependent claims, with a rearwardly directed support means at the circumference of the breathing mask to support the mask against a base surface when the breathing mask is placed over the face of the reclining patient/user.
The breathing mask according to the invention will be described in more detail in the following, with reference to a schematic embodiment example of the breathing mask shown in the drawings, where

Figure 1: shows a lateral view of the breathing mask placed on a user,
Figure 2: shows direct front view of the same,
Figures 3a, b and c: show three different embodiment forms of the pressure gas container in the form of, respectively, a closed or an open ring,
Figure 4: shows the same as Figure 1, but with the airtight chamber for breathing gas restricted to the area of the nose and mouth,
Figure 5: shows a front view of the breathing mask,
Figure 6: shows a lateral view of the breathing mask equipped with supporting projections and positioned over the face of a reclining person,
Figure 7: shows a front/top view of the breathing mask, and
Figure 8: shows a view from the rear/underside of the same.

Figure l in the drawings shows the breathing mask l placed on the user's head and fastened with a head strap 1c. Breathing mask l comprises a face piece la with a visual field/window 2, flexible sealing means 6 to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears, a pressure gas container 3 for breathing gas and a pressure reduction valve 4 and manual and/or automatic release valve 5 with control lever 5a for supplying breathing gas to chamber 1b of mask l rendered airtight with the aid of the flexible sealing means 6. Sealing means 6 is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to encircle the entire face of the user in sealing contact therewith, such that the airtight chamber extends from the chin area over the mouth and nose section, including the eyes and forehead section. Said head strap 1c is fastened in a suitable manner, for example by means of pressure snaps, or is simply pivotably secured to pressure gas container 3. The head strap may be elastic to adapt to various head sizes, or it may be regulated with respect to length by various means that are known per se. Pressure gas container 3 consists of one or more closed, communicating tubes 3a which are bent into a closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears. Said one or more communicating tubes 3a may be built into a material to form an annular unit having a shape adapted to a user's face in order to stretch over the user's skull and down along the face in front of the ears and in under the user's chin section. Pressure gas container 3 thus constitutes a relatively rigid body that is supported by the user's skull and is thus suitable as a support for face piece la of breathing mask l as well as sealing means 6.
Sealing means 6 may be made composed of an inflatable, annular cavity or a hose 6a.
The cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6a in one embodiment form may be separately connected by a hose 10 to the breathing gas supply 9 to the airtight chamber 1b of mask l, and may be inflated by tripping the release valve 5 with the aid of control lever 5a to supply breathing gas to the airtight chamber 1b of mask l.
In a second embodiment form, the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6 may be connected between and in series with pressure reduction valve 4 and airtight chamber 1b of mask l by means of a hose ll, for automatic through flow and inflation of the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6 on opening of the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber 1b with the aid of release valve 5, as shown in Figure 4, and where the air flows out into said chamber 1b via nozzles 11a.
In an alternative embodiment form of the breathing mask as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the sealing means 6 is positioned in the lower part of the face piece 1a in such manner as to come to rest only around the user's chin section and cheek as well as over the user's nose section, thereby defining a smaller airtight chamber 1b than the larger airtight chamber 1b shown in Figure 1. Thereby, any formation of fog or dew on window 2 of breathing mask 1 is avoided, said window 2 thus lying outside the airtight chrnber with its supply of breathing gas as well as the infusion of moist expiratory air. Because airtight chamber 1b of breathing mask l is supplied with breathing gas under pressure from pressure gas container 3, the mixed air in airtight chamber 1b must necessarily be able to escape past flexible sealing means 6. This means that the sealing capability of sealing means 6 is not critical, since the overpressure in the airtight chamber 1b will constantly prevent the penetration of harmful gas thereinto because the mixed air, as a result of said overpressure, forces its way out through any potential leakage points in sealing means 6. Of course, a pressure relief valve may, if necessary, be provided in the face piece of the actual breathing mask 1 to release used mixed air.
To facilitate placement of breathing mask 1 on the face of a person/patient/injury victim lying on his back, breathing mask l is equipped with a rearwardly directed support means 7 at the circumference of breathing mask 1, or more specifically breathing gas container 3, to support breathing mask 1 against a base surface A as shown in Figure 6. Support means 7 here constitutes an annular wall 7a having recesses 7b,7c for, respectively, the ears and neck of the user. The patient/injured person is hereby able to perceive and hear information and thus comprehend the actions of the assisting personnel in connection with a evacuation operation. This, of course, is on the condition that the patient/injured person is conscious.
Support means 7 may in an alternative embodiment be composed of at least three projections 8 mutually spaced around the circumference of breathing mask 1 for, respectively, exposing the user's ears and enclosing the user's neck. Breathing mask l with said projections is also shown viewed from the front or above in Figure 7 and viewed from the rear/underside in Figure 8.
The previously mentioned pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5 may be arranged in a number of different ways, including that indicated in Figure 1, namely at the upper part of pressure gas container 3, i.e., at the user's skull. In this way, for example, pressure reduction valve 4 may be constructed together with release valve 5 for automatic release of the latter by placement of the breathing mask on the user's face, control lever 5a for said release valve being actuated by contact with the user's head.
Of course, release valve 5 may if desired be designed for manual operation, with control lever 5a being placed at a convenient location.
In Figure 1 there is also indicated an alternative placement of said pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5, namely down at the lower part of the pressure gas container by the user's chin section.
Outflow of breathing gas from pressure reduction valve 4 via release valve 5 can take place in a number of suitable ways. For example, the outflowing breathing gas may be directed against window 2 of breathing mask 1 in order to prevent/-decrease the formation of dew or fog with the embodiment form according to Figure 1. A breathing gas hose 9 may thus be positioned from said valve arrangement 4,5 and forward to the upper part of window 2 for downward flow of breathing air, or at the lower section of the window and, thereby, upward flowing breathing air, or from the sides thereof.
This problem is avoided in the embodiment form according to Figures 4 and 5, where airtight chamber 1b encloses only the nose and mouth section of the user.
Face piece 1a of breathing mask 1, and optionally also the visual field/window 2, may be constructed of flexible material in order thereby, inter alia, to reduce the size of the breathing mask in folded or packed state. This can have significance with respect to both the question of preparedness in storing a plurality of breathing masks, and also for carrying along the individual breathing mask during an alarm/rescue operation.
To facilitate the communication of speech from within the breathing mask during use, a speech membrane 1d may be provided in face piece 1a directly outward of the user's mouth section.
To prevent the breathing mask from becoming unusable by virtue of possible leakage occurring in pressure gas container 3 or pressure reduction valve 4, or alternatively in release valve 5, said pressure gas container 3 may be divided into groups, each of which is connected with its respective pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5. In this respect it is expected that at least one group will remain intact so that the breathing mask will provide protection, if only for a shorter period of time. Said groups consisting of one or more communicating tubes 3a may be arranged alongside each other within the total pressure gas container 3, or in sequence in the longitudinal direction of pressure gas container 3. Said groups may be embedded in a support body, which groups and support body constitute the previously mentioned closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears, and to which support body the face piece 1a together with sealing means 6 are attached.

Claims

A breathing mask (1) to be placed on a user's head for use during evacuation, relief and/or rescue operations, comprising a face piece (1a) with a visual field/window (2), flexible sealing means (6) to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears for defining an airtight chamber (1b), which sealing means (6) is composed of an inflatable, annular cavity or a hose (6a), a pressure gas container (3) for breathing gas, and having a pressure reduction valve (4) and a manual and/or automatic release valve (5) for supply of breathing gas to the mask's (1) airtight chamber (1b),
characterized in that the sealing means (6) is connected with the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber (1b) of the mask (1)
A breathing mask according to claims 1,
characterized in that the pressure gas container (3) in the form of one or more closed, communicating tubes (3a) forms a closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears, and to which pressure gas container (3) the face piece (1a) together with the sealing means (6) is attached.
A breathing mask according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the sealing means (6) encircles only the nose and mouth section of the user and defines the mask's airtight chamber (1b).
A breathing mask according to any of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the airtight chamber (a) and the cavity/hose (6a) of the sealing means (6) are each separately connected to the breathing gas supply.
A breathing mask according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the cavity/hose (6a) of the sealing means (6) is connected between and in series with the pressure reduction valve (4) and the airtight chamber (1b) of the mask (l) for automatic through flow and inflation of the cavity/hose (6a) of the sealing means (6) on opening of the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber (1b) with the aid of the release valve (5).
A breathing mask according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by a rearwardly directed support means (7) at the circumference of the breathing mask (1) to support the breathing mask (1) against a base surface (A) when placed over the face of a user/patient lying in bed, on a stretcher or other base surface.
A breathing mask according to claim 6,
characterized in that the support means (7) is composed of an annular wall (7a) having recesses (7b, 7c) for, respectively, the ears and neck of the user.
A breathing mask according to claim 6,
characterized in that the support means (7) is composed of at least three projections (8) mutually spaced around the circumference of the breathing mask (1) for, respectively, exposing the user's ears and enclosing the user's neck.
A breathing mask according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the face piece 1a, and optionally also the visual field/window (2), is constructed of flexible material in order thereby, to reduce the size of the breathing mask in folded or packed state.
A breathing mask according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that a speech membrane (1d) is provided in the face piece (1a) for better communication of sound from within the breathing mask.
A breathing mask according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the communicating tube/tubes (3a) is/are arranged in at least two separate groups across or along the resultant pressure gas container (3), said tube groups being embedded in a support body and connected individually to their respective release valve (5) and, optionally, pressure reduction valve (4).