EP0680503A1 - Compositions refrigerantes - Google Patents

Compositions refrigerantes

Info

Publication number
EP0680503A1
EP0680503A1 EP94904250A EP94904250A EP0680503A1 EP 0680503 A1 EP0680503 A1 EP 0680503A1 EP 94904250 A EP94904250 A EP 94904250A EP 94904250 A EP94904250 A EP 94904250A EP 0680503 A1 EP0680503 A1 EP 0680503A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
ether
refrigerant
composition
boiling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP94904250A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Llewellyn Powell
Stuart Corr
Frederick Thomas Murphy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB939301004A external-priority patent/GB9301004D0/en
Priority claimed from GB939322307A external-priority patent/GB9322307D0/en
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Publication of EP0680503A1 publication Critical patent/EP0680503A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/106—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/11—Ethers
    • C09K2205/112—Halogenated ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/128—Perfluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/32—The mixture being azeotropic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions and in particular to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions which are designed to replace chlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant R-22).
  • Heat transfer devices of the mechanical compression type such as refrigerators, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioning systems are well known.
  • a refrigerant liquid of a suitable boiling point evaporates at low pressure taking heat from a surrounding zone.
  • the resulting vapour is then compressed and passes to a condenser where it condenses and gives off heat to a second zone.
  • the condensate is then returned through an expansion valve to the evaporator so completing the cycle.
  • the mechanical energy required for compressing the vapour and pumping the liquid may be provided by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
  • the properties preferred of a refrigerant include low toxicity, non- flammability , non-corrosivity , high stability and freedom from objectionable odour.
  • heat transfer devices have tended to use fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as trichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant R-ll), dichlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant R-12), chlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant R-22), or the azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane and chloropentafluoroethane (Refrigerant R-115); the azeotrope being Refrigerant R-502.
  • Refrigerant R-22 for example, is widely used in air conditioning systems.
  • the present invention provides a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition which is a blend of compounds having low or zero ozone depletion potentials.
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention can exhibit a wide boiling point range and may be used as a replacement for R-22 in air conditioning units.
  • non-azeotropic (zeotropic) refrigerant composition comprising:
  • a (hydro ) fluorocarbon is a compound selected from the group consisting of the hydrofluorocarbons and the perfluorocarbons
  • a (hydro ) fluorocarbon ether is a compound selected from the group consisting of the hydrofluorocarbon ethers and the perfluorocarbon ethers.
  • the low boiling first component typically has a boiling point in the range of from -90 to -30°C, preferably in the range of from -70 to -40°C and particularly preferably in the range of from -60 to -45°C.
  • a preferred hydrocarbon for the low boiling first component is propane.
  • the preferred (hydro )fluorocarbons and (hydro ) fluorocarbon ethers for the low boiling first component are selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethane (CHF3), fluoromethane (CH3F), difluoromethane (CH2F2)! pentafluoroethane (CF3CHF2), 1 , 1 , 1-trifluoroethane (CF3CH3), perfluoropropane (CF3CF2CF3), trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether (CF3OCF2H) and bis (trifluoromethyl ) ether (CF3OCF3) .
  • the low boiling first component may consist of a single refrigerant compound or it may comprise a mixture of such compounds. Where mixtures of refrigerant compounds are employed for the low boiling first component, they will preferably form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition.
  • Preferred azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions for the low boiling first component include the following:
  • the azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising a mixture, preferably an essentially equimolar mixture, of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane .
  • the azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising a mixture, preferably an essentially equimolar mixture, of 1 , 1 , 1-trifluoroethane and pentafluoroethane .
  • the azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising a mixture, e.g. an essentially equimolar mixture, of pentafluoroethane and propane .
  • the azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising a mixture, e.g. an essentially equimolar mixture, of trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether and propane.
  • the azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising a mixture, e.g. an essentially equimolar mixture, of trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether and difluoromethane .
  • the azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising a mixture, e.g. an essentially equimolar mixture, of perfluoropropane and propane .
  • the low boiling first component comprises at least one refrigerant compound selected from difluoromethane , pentafluoroethane and 1 , 1 , 1-trifluoroethane .
  • Difluoromethane has a boiling point of around -51.7°C
  • pentafluoroethane has a boiling point of around -48.5°C and 1 , 1
  • 1-trifluoroethane has a boiling point of around -47.6°C.
  • the low boiling first component consists essentially of difluoromethane or an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition in which difluoromethane is a component.
  • the high boiling second component typically has a boiling point in the range of from -40 to +20°C, preferably in the range of from -30 to +10°C and particularly preferably in the range of from -20 to +10°C.
  • the preferred (hydro )fluorocarbons and (hydro )fluorocarbon ethers for the high boiling second component are selected from the group consisting of 1 , 1-difluoroethane (CHF2CH3) ,
  • the high boiling second component may consist of a single refrigerant compound or it may comprise a mixture of such compounds, for example an azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixture.
  • the high boiling second component comprises at least one refrigerant compound selected from pentafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether, 1 , 1 , 1 , 2-tetrafluoroethyl trifluoromethyl ether, trifluoromethyl fluoromethyl ether, bis (difluoromethyl ) ether, pentafluoroethyl methyl ether, 1 , 1 , 2 , 2-tetrafluoroethyl trifluoromethyl ether, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 1,1, 1,2,2, 3-hexafluoro ⁇ propane and 1 , 1 , 1 , 3 , 3 , 3-hexafluoropropane .
  • refrigerant compound selected from pentafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether, 1 , 1 , 1 , 2-tetrafluoroethyl trifluoromethyl ether, trifluoromethyl fluoromethyl
  • Pentafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether has a boiling point of around -12°C, 1 , 1 , 1 , 2-tetrafluoroethyl trifluoromethyl ether has a boiling point of around -8°C, trifluoromethyl fluoromethyl ether has a boiling point of around -20°C, bis (difluoromethyl ) ether has a boiling point of around +2°C, pentafluoroethyl methyl ether has a boiling point of around +5°C, 1 , 1 , 2 , 2-tetrafluoroethyl trifluoromethyl ether has a boiling point of around -2°C, 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 3-hexafluoro ⁇ propane has a boiling point of around +6.6°C, 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 3-hexafluoropropane has a boiling point of around -1.4°C and
  • the respective boiling points of the low boiling first component and the high boiling second component are separated by at least 30°C, preferably by at least 40°C.
  • Azeotropic compositions boil at a constant temperature in the evaporator under constant pressure conditions.
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention is a non-azeotropic (zeotropic) composition which boils over a temperature range rather than at a constant temperature, and it is this property which tends to reduce the energy required to operate the heat transfer device.
  • the temperature range over which the refrigerant composition of the invention boils is comparatively wide in view of the fairly large difference between the boiling points of the low boiling first component (A) and the high boiling second component (B).
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention boils over a temperature range of at least 7°C, more preferably over a temperature range of at least 10°C, and in an especially preferred embodiment the refrigerant composition of the invention will boil over a temperature range of at least 13°C.
  • the refrigerant is used in combination with a lubricant.
  • the lubricant circulates around the device along with the refrigerant and provides for continual lubrication of the compressor.
  • the properties desired of a lubricant include good hydrolytic stability and good thermal stability.
  • the lubricant should be compatible with the refrigerant, which in practice means that the lubricant and refrigerant should possess a degree of mutual solubility, i.e. the lubricant and the refrigerant should be at least partially soluble in one another.
  • a refrigerant/lubricant composition comprising: (1) a non-azeotropic (zeotropic) refrigerant composition comprising:
  • Suitable lubricants include those comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol base oil.
  • Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols include hydroxyl group initiated polyoxyalkylene glycols, e.g. ethylene and/or propylene oxide oligomers /polymers initiated on mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, butanol, pentaerythritol and glycerol.
  • Such polyoxyalkylene glycols may also be end-capped with suitable terminal groups such as alkyl, e.g. methyl groups.
  • Preferred lubricants are those comprising an ester base oil which comprises at least one neopentyl polyol ester derived from the reaction of at least one neopentyl polyol and at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or an esterifiable derivative thereof.
  • the preference for these lubricants is due, inter alia, to their generally high level of thermal stability.
  • Suitable neopentyl polyols for the formation of the ester base oil include pentaerythritol , polypentaerythritols such as di- and tripentaerythritol , trimethylol alkanes such as" trimethylol ethane and trimethylol propane, and neopentyl glycol.
  • the esters may be formed with linear and/or branched aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as linear and/or branched alkanoic acids.
  • a minor proportion of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, e.g. an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid may also be used in the synthesis of the ester in order to increase the viscosity thereof.
  • the amount of the carboxylic acid(s) which is used in the synthesis will be sufficient to esterify all of the hydroxyl groups contained in the polyol, although residual hydroxyl functionality may be acceptable. It will be appreciated that esterifiable derivatives of carboxylic acids may be used in the synthesis if desired.
  • the refrigerant/lubricant compositions of the invention will typically comprise a major amount of the refrigerant and a minor amount of the synthetic lubricant.
  • the refrigerant /lubricant compositions of the invention will comprise from 50 to 99 Z by weight, more preferably from 70 to 99 X by weight, of the refrigerant and from 1 to 50 2 by weight, more preferably from 1 to 30 % by weight, of the lubricant based on the total weight thereof.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

Composition réfrigérante non azéotrope comprenant (A) un premier constituant qui est un réfrigérant à point d'ébullition peu élevé contenant au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe comprenant les (hydro)fluorocarbones, les éthers d'(hydro)fluorocarbone, les hydrocarbures et CO2, et (B) un second constituant qui est un réfrigérant à point d'ébullition élevé contenant au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe comprenant les (hydro)fluorocarbones et les éthers d'(hydro)fluorocarbone, les points d'ébullition du constituant (A) et du constituant (B) présentant un écart d'au moins 20 °C.
EP94904250A 1993-01-20 1994-01-13 Compositions refrigerantes Ceased EP0680503A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB939301004A GB9301004D0 (en) 1993-01-20 1993-01-20 Refrigerant compositions
GB9301004 1993-01-20
GB939322307A GB9322307D0 (en) 1993-10-29 1993-10-29 Refrigerant compositions
GB9322307 1993-10-29
PCT/GB1994/000066 WO1994017153A1 (fr) 1993-01-20 1994-01-13 Compositions refrigerantes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0680503A1 true EP0680503A1 (fr) 1995-11-08

Family

ID=26302313

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94904250A Ceased EP0680503A1 (fr) 1993-01-20 1994-01-13 Compositions refrigerantes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0680503A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08505657A (fr)
KR (1) KR960700323A (fr)
AU (1) AU686129B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9406264A (fr)
CA (1) CA2153072A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994017153A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7861541B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2011-01-04 Tiax Llc System and method of refrigeration

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5605882A (en) * 1992-05-28 1997-02-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Azeotrope(like) compositions of pentafluorodimethyl ether and difluoromethane
WO1994011460A1 (fr) * 1992-11-19 1994-05-26 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions refrigerantes comprenant du 1,1,2-trifluoroethane
US6001273A (en) 1994-03-11 1999-12-14 Minor; Barbara Haviland Binary azeotropes of difluoromethane and hydrocarbons
US5417871A (en) * 1994-03-11 1995-05-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydrofluorocarbon compositions
GB9414136D0 (en) * 1994-07-13 1994-08-31 Ici Plc Refrigerant compositions
GB9414134D0 (en) * 1994-07-13 1994-08-31 Ici Plc Refrigerant compositions
GB9414110D0 (en) * 1994-07-13 1994-08-31 Ici Plc Refrigeration compositions
GB9414133D0 (en) * 1994-07-13 1994-08-31 Ici Plc Refrigerant compositions
WO1996002607A1 (fr) * 1994-07-14 1996-02-01 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions refrigerantes
US5688431A (en) * 1994-09-29 1997-11-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Octafluorobutane compositions
US5705471A (en) * 1994-09-29 1998-01-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octaflourobutane compositions
US5562855A (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-10-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Octafluorobutane compositions
US5562853A (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-10-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,-octafluorobutane compositions
US5558810A (en) * 1994-11-16 1996-09-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Pentafluoropropane compositions
US5681501A (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-10-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions including a hydrofluoropropane
US6688118B1 (en) 1996-03-01 2004-02-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Azeotropic compositions of cyclopentane
US5954995A (en) * 1996-03-22 1999-09-21 Goble; George H. Drop-in substitutes for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) refrigerant
US5730894A (en) * 1996-04-16 1998-03-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane azeotropic (like) compositions
GB9618207D0 (en) * 1996-08-30 1996-10-09 Ici Plc Refrigerant compositions
JP4153590B2 (ja) * 1998-06-26 2008-09-24 株式会社三愛 作動流体
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7861541B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2011-01-04 Tiax Llc System and method of refrigeration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU686129B2 (en) 1998-02-05
BR9406264A (pt) 1996-01-30
KR960700323A (ko) 1996-01-19
WO1994017153A1 (fr) 1994-08-04
JPH08505657A (ja) 1996-06-18
CA2153072A1 (fr) 1994-08-04
AU5838594A (en) 1994-08-15

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