EP0676540B1 - Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0676540B1
EP0676540B1 EP95104425A EP95104425A EP0676540B1 EP 0676540 B1 EP0676540 B1 EP 0676540B1 EP 95104425 A EP95104425 A EP 95104425A EP 95104425 A EP95104425 A EP 95104425A EP 0676540 B1 EP0676540 B1 EP 0676540B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
internal combustion
combustion engine
inlet port
valve
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EP95104425A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0676540A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Dieter Dipl. Ing. Grebe
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Adam Opel GmbH
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Adam Opel GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
    • F02M26/20—Feeding recirculated exhaust gases directly into the combustion chambers or into the intake runners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/41—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories characterised by the arrangement of the recirculation passage in relation to the engine, e.g. to cylinder heads, liners, spark plugs or manifolds; characterised by the arrangement of the recirculation passage in relation to specially adapted combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
    • F02M26/21—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system with EGR valves located at or near the connection to the intake system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/65—Constructional details of EGR valves
    • F02M26/70—Flap valves; Rotary valves; Sliding valves; Resilient valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/65—Constructional details of EGR valves
    • F02M26/71—Multi-way valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, the gas supply is controllable. It has the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 and 9, respectively.
  • a main inlet duct to each combustion chamber is branched into several inlet duct sections and ends in the region of several inlet valves.
  • An exhaust gas recirculation duct has an inlet in the outlet duct and an outlet in an inlet duct section which can be separately throttled. By throttling the gas flow in the inlet duct section, a dead volume in front of the associated inlet valve and gas stratification in the combustion chamber are to be achieved.
  • the exhaust gas is passed into the dead volume between a control element (flow control valve) and an inlet valve. There it mixes with fresh fuel gas.
  • An exhaust gas recirculation valve is provided to control the exhaust gas flow to be returned.
  • the control element for fresh gas and the exhaust gas recirculation valve must be actuated for a desired gas inlet into the combustion chamber.
  • These components also form flow resistances in the open channels and are subject to wear.
  • a partial opening of the control element (flow control valve) influences the flow and Pressure conditions in the inlet duct section strong. The pressure conditions in the area of the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation channel are thus almost undefined, which affects the amount of exhaust gas returned. Therefore, only one open and one closed position of the control element is provided and the possibilities for controlling the gas supply are limited.
  • DE-PS 30 11 580 also deals with the problem of stratified exhaust gas / fresh air.
  • a flow control element is also provided in the exhaust gas recirculation channel.
  • the flow control element works synchronously with the engine speed and is intended to guide exhaust gas into the inlet channel only when the inlet valve is closed. The possibilities of varying the charge stratification are very limited.
  • DE-OS 30 06 767 deals with the problem of electronic control of exhaust gas recirculation valves.
  • exhaust gas recirculation throughput values are taken from a two-dimensional table in a memory and used as control variables.
  • DE-OS 43 08 805 describes a very advantageously designed inlet duct system for an internal combustion engine. The same also applies to DE-OS 43 17 433.
  • rotary rotary valves are used to control the fresh gas flow to two inlet valves.
  • the use of rotary roller valves for throttling the gas flow in an inlet duct section has major advantages.
  • the problem of exhaust gas recirculation is not addressed in these publications.
  • Gas is supplied to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine via two inlet valves which are located at the end of inlet duct sections or two separate inlet ducts. These channel sections can have different shapes and are connected to a main inlet channel, as is known.
  • the exhaust gas is discharged through at least one exhaust valve and an exhaust duct.
  • the gas volume flow in an inlet duct section can be throttled by a control element. This also influences the flow conditions in the combustion chamber.
  • An exhaust gas recirculation duct ends in the area of the control element. Its outlet in the throttled inlet duct section can be opened or closed by the said control element.
  • the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation duct is arranged in the throttle-adjustable inlet duct section, a relatively high pressure drop between the outlet duct and the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation duct is given when the inlet valve is open, and the exhaust gas recirculation is also possible with high engine loads.
  • a rotary slide valve is preferably considered, but throttle valves can also be used in a modified form.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation channels run in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. Cooling can take place there with little effort, and this can also be carried out in a controlled manner. Due to the high temperatures of the exhaust gas, it is advisable to manufacture the control element from temperature-resistant metal or ceramic material.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show sections of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, which can have one or more combustion chambers.
  • a main inlet duct 1 for the supply of fresh gas to the combustion chamber is divided into two inlet duct sections, only one inlet duct section 2 is shown. Both inlet duct sections 2 each end in the area of an inlet valve seat.
  • Inlet valves 3 open or close the combustion chamber as is known.
  • An outlet channel 4 is opened or closed in a controlled manner by at least one outlet valve 5.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation duct 6 is provided, which has an inlet 7 in the outlet duct 4 and an outlet 8 (only shown in FIG. 3) in the inlet duct section 2.
  • exhaust gas can be returned to the intake passage section 2.
  • a rotary roller valve 9 is mounted in the cylinder head such that a cylinder axis 10 is located approximately coaxially with the inlet valve 3.
  • the peripheral wall of the rotary rotary valve 9 intersects the inlet channel section 2, but a radial window 11 is provided in the rotary rotary valve 9, through which fresh gas supplied can pass.
  • the rotary rotary valve 9 has an axial opening 12.
  • the window 11 of the rotary roller valve 9 can therefore be covered in whole or in part by walls 18 of the cylinder head and thus sealed.
  • the fresh gas flow in the inlet duct section 2 (secondary inlet duct) can be throttled.
  • the basic operating principle is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3.
  • the window 11 of the rotary valve 9 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the inlet channel section 2 cut by the rotary valve 9. It is thus possible, without throttling the fresh gas flow, to meter the exhaust gas to be recycled by rotating the control edge 16 via the outlet 8 until the latter is possibly completely free.
  • the control edge 17 moves into the inlet duct section 2 and the fresh gas flow is throttled, the outlet 8 of the exhaust gas recirculation duct 6 remaining unaffected.
  • the rotation of the rotary valve 9 can take place until both the inlet channel section 2 and the outlet 8 are closed by the walls of the rotary valve 9.
  • the fresh air to be supplied can thus be controlled precisely as required, which in the present case has an effect on the gas distribution in the combustion chamber.
  • rotary rotary valve 9 Various modifications of the rotary rotary valve 9 described can be carried out. These should only be mentioned in a hint. Variations in the size of window 11 result in functional changes. If the window is made smaller than shown in FIG. 3, the fresh gas flow is already throttled during the opening of the outlet 8, which can be useful.
  • a plurality of radial windows can be arranged in the circumferential wall of the rotary rotary valve, for example one window exclusively for the passage of fresh gas and one Window is provided exclusively for the passage of exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation channel 6 can have a plurality of outlets in the area of the control element 9 (roller rotary valve 9), which are located in different angular positions relative to the inlet channel section 2. Many of the mixing ratios between fresh and exhaust gas can be set by means of these options mentioned by way of example, and the amount of gas that is fed through the inlet valve 3 to the combustion chamber can also be regulated.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 4, wherein here not a rotary rotary valve 9 but a throttle valve 19 is used as control element 19.
  • a blocking surface 20 can be pivoted about an axis 21. It can be approximately parallel to the direction of flow or transverse to it, or assume intermediate positions.
  • the position of the throttle valve 19 is in turn specified via a control and actuating device, not shown here.
  • the outlet 22 can be opened or closed by an additional sealing surface 23 located on the throttle valve 19.
  • Coolant channels 24 are provided in the cylinder head for cooling. These can be flooded with coolant permanently or in a controlled manner, as a result of which the cylinder head in the region of the exhaust gas recirculation channels 6 does not overheat. Controlled cooling can be useful, for example, in the cold start phase in order to ensure that the engine quickly reaches its optimal operating temperature.
  • the rotary valve 9 and the throttle valve 19 are made entirely or partially from temperature-resistant metal or ceramic material. This prevents high wear or impermissibly large expansions of the control elements 9, 19 and the system described is maintenance-free.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Brennkraftmaschine, deren Gaszufuhr steuerbar ist. Sie weist die im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. 9 angegebenen Merkmale auf.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, the gas supply is controllable. It has the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 and 9, respectively.

Bekannt sind Brennkraftmaschinen dieser Art beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 38 28 742. Ein Haupteinlaßkanal zu jeder Brennkammer ist verzweigt in mehrere Einlaßkanalabschnitte und endet im Bereich mehrerer Einlaßventile. Es ist zumindest ein Auslaßventil zu einem Auslaßkanal vorhanden. Ein Abgasrückführkanal hat einen Einlaß im Auslaßkanal und einen Auslaß in einem Einlaßkanalabschnitt, der gesondert drosselbar ist. Durch die Drosselung des Gasstromes in dem Einlaßkanalabschnitt soll ein Totvolumen vor dem zugehörigen Einlaßventil und eine Gasschichtung in der Brennkammer erreicht werden. Das Abgas wird in das Totvolumen zwischen einem Steuerelement (Durchflußsteuerventil) und einem Einlaßventil geleitet. Dort vermischt es sich mit Kraftstoff-Frischgas. Insgesamt soll diese Bauweise das Beschleunigungsansprechverhalten verbessern sowie den Kraftstoffverbrauch und Schadstoffbestandteile verringern. Zur Steuerung des zurückzuführenden Abgasstromes ist ein Abgasrückführventil vorgesehen. Für einen wunschgemäßen Gaseinlaß in die Brennkammer sind das Steuerelement für Frischgas sowie das Abgasrückführventil zu betätigen. Diese Bauelemente bilden auch in den geöffneten Kanälen Strömungswiderstände und unterliegen dem Verschleiß. Eine teilweise Öffnung des Steuerelementes (Durchflußsteuerventil) beeinflußt die Strömungsund Druckverhältnisse im Einlaßkanalabschnitt stark. Die Druckverhältnisse im Bereich des Auslasses des Abgasrückführkanales sind damit nahezu undefiniert, was sich auf die zurückgeführte Abgasmenge auswirkt. Daher ist nur eine Offen- und eine Zu-Stellung des Steuerelementes vorgesehen und die Möglichkeiten der Steuerung der Gaszufuhr sind begrenzt.Internal combustion engines of this type are known, for example, from DE-PS 38 28 742. A main inlet duct to each combustion chamber is branched into several inlet duct sections and ends in the region of several inlet valves. There is at least one exhaust valve to an exhaust duct. An exhaust gas recirculation duct has an inlet in the outlet duct and an outlet in an inlet duct section which can be separately throttled. By throttling the gas flow in the inlet duct section, a dead volume in front of the associated inlet valve and gas stratification in the combustion chamber are to be achieved. The exhaust gas is passed into the dead volume between a control element (flow control valve) and an inlet valve. There it mixes with fresh fuel gas. Overall, this design is said to improve acceleration response behavior and to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant components. An exhaust gas recirculation valve is provided to control the exhaust gas flow to be returned. The control element for fresh gas and the exhaust gas recirculation valve must be actuated for a desired gas inlet into the combustion chamber. These components also form flow resistances in the open channels and are subject to wear. A partial opening of the control element (flow control valve) influences the flow and Pressure conditions in the inlet duct section strong. The pressure conditions in the area of the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation channel are thus almost undefined, which affects the amount of exhaust gas returned. Therefore, only one open and one closed position of the control element is provided and the possibilities for controlling the gas supply are limited.

Mit dem Problem der Abgas-Frischluft-Schichtung befaßt sich auch die DE-PS 30 11 580. Hier ist neben dem Abgasrückführventil noch ein Durchflußsteuerorgan in dem Abgasrückführkanal vorgesehen. Das Durchflußsteuerorgan arbeitet synchron zur Brennkraftmaschinendrehzahl und soll Abgas nur bei geschlossenem Einlaßventil in die Einlaßkanal leiten. Die Möglichkeiten der Variation der Ladungsschichtung sind stark begrenzt.DE-PS 30 11 580 also deals with the problem of stratified exhaust gas / fresh air. Here, in addition to the exhaust gas recirculation valve, a flow control element is also provided in the exhaust gas recirculation channel. The flow control element works synchronously with the engine speed and is intended to guide exhaust gas into the inlet channel only when the inlet valve is closed. The possibilities of varying the charge stratification are very limited.

Die DE-OS 30 06 767 befaßt sich mit dem Problem der elektronischen Steuerung von Abgasrückführventilen. In Abhängigkeit von Betriebskennwerten der Brennkraftmaschine werden Abgasrückführdurchsatzwerte aus einer zweidimensionalen Tabelle in einem Speicher entnommen und als Steuergrößen verwendet.DE-OS 30 06 767 deals with the problem of electronic control of exhaust gas recirculation valves. Depending on the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine, exhaust gas recirculation throughput values are taken from a two-dimensional table in a memory and used as control variables.

In der DE-OS 43 08 805 ist ein sehr vorteilhaft gestaltetes Einlaßkanalsystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine beschrieben. Gleiches gilt auch für die DE-OS 43 17 433. In beiden Fällen finden Walzendrehschieber zur Steuerung des Frischgasstromes zu zwei Einlaßventilen Anwendung. Die Verwendung von Walzendrehschiebern zur Drosselung des Gasstromes in einem Einlaßkanalabschnitt ist mit wesentlichen Vorteilen verbunden. Das Problem der Abgasrückführung wird in diesen Schriften jedoch nicht angesprochen.DE-OS 43 08 805 describes a very advantageously designed inlet duct system for an internal combustion engine. The same also applies to DE-OS 43 17 433. In both cases, rotary rotary valves are used to control the fresh gas flow to two inlet valves. The use of rotary roller valves for throttling the gas flow in an inlet duct section has major advantages. However, the problem of exhaust gas recirculation is not addressed in these publications.

Aus der DE-OS 22 32 705 ist eine Brennkraftmaschine anderer Art bekannt, bei der eine an sich bekannte Drosselklappe in Verbindung mit Steuerschiebern steht, wobei proportional zur Frischgasmenge (oder auch in anderer Abhängigkeit) Abgas zudosiert wird. Diese baulich einfach zu realisierende Steuerung wird nur in einem geringen Bereich der möglichen Betriebsbedingungen den Anforderungen gerecht. Die gewünschte Gasschichtung in den Brennkammern ist so nicht erreichbar.From DE-OS 22 32 705 an internal combustion engine of another type is known in which a throttle valve known per se is in connection with control spools, whereby exhaust gas is metered in proportion to the amount of fresh gas (or in another dependency). This structurally easy to implement control only meets the requirements in a small range of possible operating conditions. The desired gas stratification in the combustion chambers cannot be achieved in this way.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Gaszufuhr zu Brennräumen einer Brennkraftmaschine mit geringem Aufwand derart beeinflußbar zu machen, daß sowohl die Zufuhr von Frischgas als auch die Zufuhr von Abgas steuerbar ist und so positive Effekte bezüglich der Gasschichtung und der Gasverwirbelung im Brennraum sowie der Abgasemission erreichbar sind.It is an object of the present invention to make it possible to influence the gas supply to combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine with little effort in such a way that both the supply of fresh gas as well as the supply of exhaust gas can be controlled and thus positive effects with regard to gas stratification and gas swirling in the combustion chamber and exhaust gas emission can be achieved.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe zeichnet sich die Brennkraftmaschine durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. 9 angegebenen Merkmale aus. Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 8 und 10 bis 12.To solve this problem, the internal combustion engine is characterized by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claims 1 and 9. Further features of the invention result from patent claims 2 to 8 and 10 to 12.

Einem Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine wird Gas über zwei Einlaßventile zugeführt, die sich am Ende von Einlaßkanalabschnitten oder zweier separater Einlaßkanäle befinden. Diese Kanalabschnitte können unterschiedlich geformt sein und stehen mit einem Haupteinlaßkanal in Verbindung, wie dies bekannt ist. Das Abgas wird durch zumindest ein Auslaßventil und einen Auslaßkanal abgeleitet.Gas is supplied to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine via two inlet valves which are located at the end of inlet duct sections or two separate inlet ducts. These channel sections can have different shapes and are connected to a main inlet channel, as is known. The exhaust gas is discharged through at least one exhaust valve and an exhaust duct.

Der Gasvolumenstrom in einem Einlaßkanalabschnitt ist durch ein Steuerelement drosselbar. Dadurch werden auch die Strömungsverhältnisse in der Brennkammer beeinflußt. Im Bereich des Steuerelementes endet ein Abgasrückführkanal. Sein Auslaß im drosselbaren Einlaßkanalabschnitt ist durch das genannte Steuerelement freigeb- bzw. verschließbar. Somit ist nur ein Steuerelement zur Drosselung des Frischgas- und des Abgasvolumenstromes erforderlich. Strömungswiderstände sind gering und es werden im Vergleich zu eingangs beschriebenen Lösungen Bauelemente eingespart. Zusätzlich ist es jetzt möglich, funktionelle Vorteile zu erreichen, in dem die Kombinations- und die Variationsmöglichkeiten erweitert werden. Da der Auslaß des Abgasrückführkanales in dem drosselbaren Einlaßkanalabschnitt angeordnet ist, ist bei geöffnetem Einlaßventil ein relativ hohes Druckgefälle zwischen dem Auslaßkanal und dem Auslaß des Abgasrückführkanales gegeben und die Abgasrückführung ist auch bei hohen Motorlasten möglich.The gas volume flow in an inlet duct section can be throttled by a control element. This also influences the flow conditions in the combustion chamber. An exhaust gas recirculation duct ends in the area of the control element. Its outlet in the throttled inlet duct section can be opened or closed by the said control element. Thus, only one control element for throttling the fresh gas and the exhaust gas volume flow is required. Flow resistances are low and components are saved compared to the solutions described at the beginning. In addition, it is now possible to achieve functional advantages by expanding the combination and variation options. Since the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation duct is arranged in the throttle-adjustable inlet duct section, a relatively high pressure drop between the outlet duct and the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation duct is given when the inlet valve is open, and the exhaust gas recirculation is also possible with high engine loads.

Als Steuerelement zur Drosselung sowohl des Frischgasals auch des rückgeführten Abgasvolumenstromes kommt vorzugsweise ein Walzendrehschieber in Betracht, aber auch Drosselklappen sind in abgeänderter Form einsetzbar.As a control element for throttling both the fresh gas and the recirculated exhaust gas volume flow, a rotary slide valve is preferably considered, but throttle valves can also be used in a modified form.

Die Abgasrückführkanäle verlaufen im Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine. Dort kann eine Kühlung mit geringem Aufwand erfolgen, wobei dies auch gesteuert vorgenommen werden kann. Aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen des Abgases ist es ratsam, das Steuerelement aus temperaturbeständigem Metall- bzw. Keramikwerkstoff zu fertigen.The exhaust gas recirculation channels run in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. Cooling can take place there with little effort, and this can also be carried out in a controlled manner. Due to the high temperatures of the exhaust gas, it is advisable to manufacture the control element from temperature-resistant metal or ceramic material.

Die detaillierte Beschreibung der Erfindung erfolgt anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen. In den zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigt:

Fig. 1:
einen Gaswechselbereich eines Zylinderkopfes einer Brennkraftmaschine in geschnittener Darstellungsweise;
Fig. 2:
einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab;
Fig. 3:
eine schematische Darstellung einer Position des Walzendrehschiebers zur Verdeutlichung seiner Funktionsweise;
Fig. 4:
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung bei schematischer Darstellung eines Ausschnittes eines Zylinderkopfes.
The detailed description of the invention is based on exemplary embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1:
a gas exchange area of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine in a sectional representation;
Fig. 2:
a section of Figure 1 on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 3:
is a schematic representation of a position of the rotary rotary valve to illustrate its operation;
Fig. 4:
a further embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation of a section of a cylinder head.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen ausschnittsweise einen Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine, welche eine oder mehrere Brennkammern aufweisen kann. Ein Haupteinlaßkanal 1 für die Zuführung von Frischgas zur Brennkammer ist in zwei Einlaßkanalabschnitte unterteilt, wobei nur ein Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 gezeigt ist. Beide Einlaßkanalabschnitte 2 enden im Bereich jeweils eines Einlaßventilsitzes. Einlaßventile 3 öffnen oder verschließen die Brennkammer wie dies bekannt ist. Ein Auslaßkanal 4 wird durch zumindest ein Auslaßventil 5 gesteuert geöffnet oder verschlossen. Im Zylinderkopf ist ein Abgasrückführkanal 6 vorgesehen, der einen Einlaß 7 im Auslaßkanal 4 und einen Auslaß 8 (nur in Fig. 3 verdeutlicht) im Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 hat. Somit kann Abgas in den Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 zurückgeführt werden.Figures 1 and 2 show sections of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, which can have one or more combustion chambers. A main inlet duct 1 for the supply of fresh gas to the combustion chamber is divided into two inlet duct sections, only one inlet duct section 2 is shown. Both inlet duct sections 2 each end in the area of an inlet valve seat. Inlet valves 3 open or close the combustion chamber as is known. An outlet channel 4 is opened or closed in a controlled manner by at least one outlet valve 5. In the cylinder head, an exhaust gas recirculation duct 6 is provided, which has an inlet 7 in the outlet duct 4 and an outlet 8 (only shown in FIG. 3) in the inlet duct section 2. Thus, exhaust gas can be returned to the intake passage section 2.

Ein Walzendrehschieber 9 ist derart im Zylinderkopf gelagert, daß eine Zylinderachse 10 etwa koaxial zu dem Einlaßventil 3 gelegen ist. Die Umfangswandung des Walzendrehschiebers 9 schneidet den Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2, wobei aber ein radiales Fenster 11 im Walzendrehschieber 9 vorgesehen ist, durch die zugeführtes Frischgas hindurchtreten kann. Im Bereich des Einlaßventilsitzes hat der Walzendrehschieber 9 eine axiale Öffnung 12.A rotary roller valve 9 is mounted in the cylinder head such that a cylinder axis 10 is located approximately coaxially with the inlet valve 3. The peripheral wall of the rotary rotary valve 9 intersects the inlet channel section 2, but a radial window 11 is provided in the rotary rotary valve 9, through which fresh gas supplied can pass. In the area of the inlet valve seat, the rotary rotary valve 9 has an axial opening 12.

Der Walzendrehschieber 9 ist um seine Zylinderachse 10 gesteuert verdrehbar. Dazu sind eine Steuervorrichtung 13 und eine Stellvorrichtung 14 vorgesehen. Die Steuervorrichtung 13 wird vorzugsweise von einem Mikrorechner gebildet, dem Betriebskennwerte der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. eines Kraftfahrzeugs als Eingangsgrößen zugeführt werden. Diese Betriebskennwerte können beispielsweise die Motordrehzahl n, die zeitliche Änderung der Motordrehzahl dn/dt, die Drosselklappenstellung αDK, die zeitliche Änderung des Drosselklappenwinkels dαDK/dt, der Luftmassenstrom ṁLuft oder auch ein Kennwert für die Laufunruhe LU des Motors sein. Die Kennwerte werden in der Steuervorrichtung 13 sinnvoll verarbeitet und eine Steuergröße wird ständig aktualisiert und an die Stellvorrichtung 14 weitergeleitet. Im Ausführungsbeispiel treibt ein Stellmotor eine Zahnstange 15 translatorisch an, wobei die Zahnstange 15 in Antriebsverbindung mit zumindest dem gezeigten Walzendrehschieber 9 steht. Eine Translation der Zahnstange 15 bewirkt damit das Verdrehen des Walzendrehschiebers 9 um seine Zylinderachse 10. Somit ändert sich auch die Position des Fensters 11 im Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 und relativ zum Auslaß 8 des Abgasrückführkanales 6. Der Walzendrehschieber 9 kann als Steuerelement 9 für den durch den Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 strömenden Frischgasvolumenstrom als auch für den Abgasvolumenstrom dienen. Je nach Ausgestaltung des Fensters 11 und Position des Walzendrehschiebers 9 werden der Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 und der Auslaß 8 des Abgasrückführkanales 6 ganz oder teilweise geöffnet bzw. verschlossen. Von Rändern des Fensters 11 werden Steuerkanten 16, 17 gebildet. Die Winkelposition der Steuerkanten 16, 17 (ausgehend von der Zylinderachse 10) ist ausschlaggebend für die Drosselwirkung des Walzendrehschiebers 9. Neben Zwischenstellungen sind folgenden Positionen einstellbar:

  • Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 zum Einlaßventil 3 hin ganz auf, Auslaß 8 des Abgasrückführkanales 6 zu;
  • Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 ganz auf, Auslaß 8 ganz auf;
  • Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 zu, Auslaß 8 ganz auf;
  • Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 zu, Auslaß 8 zu.
The roller rotary valve 9 can be rotated in a controlled manner about its cylinder axis 10. For this purpose, a control device 13 and an actuating device 14 are provided. The control device 13 is preferably formed by a microcomputer to which the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine or a motor vehicle are supplied as input variables. These operating parameters can be, for example, the engine speed n, the time change in the engine speed dn / dt, the throttle valve position α DK , the time change in the throttle valve angle dα DK / dt, the air mass flow ṁ air or a characteristic value for the uneven running LU of the engine. The characteristic values are sensibly processed in the control device 13 and a control variable is constantly updated and forwarded to the control device 14. In the exemplary embodiment, a servomotor drives a rack 15 in a translatory manner, the rack 15 being in drive connection with at least the one shown Roller rotary valve 9 stands. A translation of the rack 15 thus causes the rotation of the rotary slide valve 9 about its cylinder axis 10. Thus, the position of the window 11 in the inlet channel section 2 and relative to the outlet 8 of the exhaust gas recirculation channel 6 also changes. The roller rotary valve 9 can be used as a control element 9 for through the inlet channel section 2 flowing fresh gas volume flow and serve for the exhaust gas volume flow. Depending on the design of the window 11 and the position of the rotary roller valve 9, the inlet duct section 2 and the outlet 8 of the exhaust gas recirculation duct 6 are opened or closed completely or partially. Control edges 16, 17 are formed from edges of the window 11. The angular position of the control edges 16, 17 (starting from the cylinder axis 10) is decisive for the throttling action of the rotary rotary valve 9. In addition to intermediate positions, the following positions can be set:
  • Inlet channel section 2 to the inlet valve 3 all the way, outlet 8 of the exhaust gas recirculation channel 6;
  • Inlet channel section 2 fully open, outlet 8 fully open;
  • Inlet duct section 2 closed, outlet 8 fully open;
  • Inlet duct section 2 closed, outlet 8 closed.

Das Fenster 11 des Walzendrehschiebers 9 kann also ganz oder teilweise von Wandungen 18 des Zylinderkopfes abgedeckt und damit abgedichtet werden. Wie dies bereits bekannt ist, kann so der Frischgasstrom im Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 (Nebeneinlaßkanal) gedrosselt werden. Zusätzlich ist es jetzt möglich, durch ein und denselben Walzendrehschieber 9 auch den rückzuführenden Abgasstrom zu drosseln. Das zugrundeliegende Wirkprinzip ist in Fig. 3 schematisch verdeutlicht.The window 11 of the rotary roller valve 9 can therefore be covered in whole or in part by walls 18 of the cylinder head and thus sealed. As is already known, the fresh gas flow in the inlet duct section 2 (secondary inlet duct) can be throttled. In addition, it is now possible to throttle the exhaust gas flow to be recirculated by one and the same rotary rotary valve 9. The basic operating principle is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3.

Das Fenster 11 des Walzendrehschiebers 9 ist größer als die vom Walzendrehschieber 9 geschnittene Querschnittsfläche des Einlaßkanalabschnittes 2. So ist es möglich, ohne den Frischgasstrom zu drosseln, das zurückzuführende Abgas zu dosieren, in dem die Steuerkante 16 über den Auslaß 8 verdreht wird, bis dieser ggf. ganz frei ist. Bei weiterem Verdrehen des Walzendrehschiebers 9 bewegt sich die Steuerkante 17 in den Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 und der Frischgasstrom wird gedrosselt, wobei der Auslaß 8 des Abgasrückführkanales 6 unverändert frei bleibt. Die Verdrehung des Walzendrehschiebers 9 kann soweit erfolgen, bis sowohl der Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 als auch der Auslaß 8 von den Wandungen des Walzendrehschiebers 9 verschlossen ist. Somit ist die zuzuführende Frischluft genau bedarfsabhängig zu steuern, was im vorliegenden Fall Auswirkungen auf die Gasverteilung in der Brennkammer hat. Des weiteren kann in Abhängigkeit von den aktuellen Betriebsbedingungen eine angemessene, möglichst große Abgasmenge zurück in die Brennkammer geleitet werden. Beide Steuerungsvorgänge werden bei Einsatz nur weniger beweglicher Bauteile erreicht, wodurch Kostenvorteile erzielt werden und ein günstiges Verschleißverhalten zu erwarten ist. Durch die gesteuerte Abgasrückführung sind auch Probleme beherrschbar, die sich bei hohen Motorlasten hinsichtlich der Geräuschemission und des Klopfverhaltens ergeben.The window 11 of the rotary valve 9 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the inlet channel section 2 cut by the rotary valve 9. It is thus possible, without throttling the fresh gas flow, to meter the exhaust gas to be recycled by rotating the control edge 16 via the outlet 8 until the latter is possibly completely free. When the roller rotary valve 9 is rotated further, the control edge 17 moves into the inlet duct section 2 and the fresh gas flow is throttled, the outlet 8 of the exhaust gas recirculation duct 6 remaining unaffected. The rotation of the rotary valve 9 can take place until both the inlet channel section 2 and the outlet 8 are closed by the walls of the rotary valve 9. The fresh air to be supplied can thus be controlled precisely as required, which in the present case has an effect on the gas distribution in the combustion chamber. Furthermore, depending on the current operating conditions, an appropriate, as large as possible amount of exhaust gas can be directed back into the combustion chamber. Both control processes are achieved when only fewer moving components are used, which results in cost advantages and favorable wear behavior can be expected. Thanks to the controlled exhaust gas recirculation, problems can also be managed that arise with high engine loads with regard to noise emissions and knocking behavior.

Es sind diverse Abwandlungen des beschriebenen Walzendrehschiebers 9 ausführbar. Diese sollen nur andeutungsweise genannt werden. Variationen bei der Größe des Fensters 11 führen zu funktionellen Änderungen. Wird das Fenster kleiner als in Fig. 3 gezeigt ausgebildet, wird der Frischgasstrom bereits während der Öffnung des Auslasses 8 gedrosselt, was sinnvoll sein kann. Es können mehrere radiale Fenster in der Umfangswandung des Walzendrehschiebers angeordnet werden, wobei beispielsweise ein Fenster ausschließlich zum Durchlaß von Frischgas und ein Fenster ausschließlich zum Durchlaß von Abgas vorgesehen ist. Der Abgasrückführkanal 6 kann mehrere Auslässe im Bereich des Steuerelementes 9 (Walzendrehschieber 9) aufweisen, die sich in verschiedenen Winkelpositionen relativ zum Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 befinden. Durch diese beispielhaft genannten Möglichkeiten können viele Mischungsverhältnisse zwischen Frisch- und Abgas eingestellt werden, wobei zusätzlich die Gasmenge regulierbar ist, die durch das Einlaßventil 3 der Brennkammer zugeführt wird.Various modifications of the rotary rotary valve 9 described can be carried out. These should only be mentioned in a hint. Variations in the size of window 11 result in functional changes. If the window is made smaller than shown in FIG. 3, the fresh gas flow is already throttled during the opening of the outlet 8, which can be useful. A plurality of radial windows can be arranged in the circumferential wall of the rotary rotary valve, for example one window exclusively for the passage of fresh gas and one Window is provided exclusively for the passage of exhaust gas. The exhaust gas recirculation channel 6 can have a plurality of outlets in the area of the control element 9 (roller rotary valve 9), which are located in different angular positions relative to the inlet channel section 2. Many of the mixing ratios between fresh and exhaust gas can be set by means of these options mentioned by way of example, and the amount of gas that is fed through the inlet valve 3 to the combustion chamber can also be regulated.

In Fig. 4 ist ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung gezeigt, wobei hier kein Walzendrehschieber 9, sondern eine Drosselklappe 19 als Steuerelement 19 zur Anwendung kommt. In dem (ausschließlich schematisch dargestellten) Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 ist eine Sperrfläche 20 um eine Achse 21 verschwenkbar. Sie kann etwa parallel zur Strömungsrichtung oder quer zu dieser stehen bzw. Zwischenstellungen einnehmen. Die Stellung der Drosselklappe 19 wird wiederum über eine hier nicht gezeigte Steuer- und Stellvorrichtung vorgegeben. Im Bereich der Drosselklappe 19 befindet sich ein Auslaß 22 eines Abgasrückführkanales 6. Der Auslaß 22 ist durch eine zusätzlich an der Drosselklappe 19 befindliche Dichtfläche 23 freigeb- bzw. verschließbar. Beim Verdrehen der Drosselklappe 19 um ihre Achse 21 verändert sich die Stellung der Sperrfläche 20 im Einlaßkanalabschnitt 2 sowie die Stellung der Dichtfläche 23 relativ zum Auslaß 22 des Abgasrückführkanales 6. Beide Gasströme sind mit nur einem Steuerelement 19 dosierbar. Die Möglichkeiten der voneinander unabhängigen Dosierung von Frisch- und Abgas sind bei dieser Bauvariante jedoch gegenüber dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel begrenzt.Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 4, wherein here not a rotary rotary valve 9 but a throttle valve 19 is used as control element 19. In the inlet channel section 2 (shown only schematically), a blocking surface 20 can be pivoted about an axis 21. It can be approximately parallel to the direction of flow or transverse to it, or assume intermediate positions. The position of the throttle valve 19 is in turn specified via a control and actuating device, not shown here. In the area of the throttle valve 19 there is an outlet 22 of an exhaust gas recirculation channel 6. The outlet 22 can be opened or closed by an additional sealing surface 23 located on the throttle valve 19. When the throttle valve 19 is rotated about its axis 21, the position of the blocking surface 20 in the inlet duct section 2 and the position of the sealing surface 23 relative to the outlet 22 of the exhaust gas recirculation duct 6 change. Both gas flows can be metered with only one control element 19. The possibilities of the independent metering of fresh and exhaust gas are limited in this construction variant compared to the first embodiment.

Insbesondere aus Fig. 1 wird deutlich, daß die Abgasrückführkanäle 6 direkt im Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine verlaufen. Da die Abgasrückführkanäle 6 ihren Einlaß 7 sehr nahe am Auslaßventil 5 besitzen, haben die Abgase eine noch sehr hohe Temperatur. Zur Kühlung sind im Zylinderkopf Kühlmittelkanäle 24 vorgesehen. Diese können permanent oder gesteuert von Kühlmittel durchflutet werden, wodurch der Zylinderkopf im Bereich der Abgasrückführkanäle 6 nicht überhitzt. Eine gesteuerte Kühlung kann beispielsweise in der Kaltstartphase sinnvoll sein, um zu erreichen, daß der Motor schnell seine optimale Betriebstemperatur erreicht.1 that the exhaust gas recirculation channels 6 run directly in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. Since the exhaust gas recirculation channels 6 have their inlet 7 very close to the exhaust valve 5, the exhaust gases have a very high temperature. Coolant channels 24 are provided in the cylinder head for cooling. These can be flooded with coolant permanently or in a controlled manner, as a result of which the cylinder head in the region of the exhaust gas recirculation channels 6 does not overheat. Controlled cooling can be useful, for example, in the cold start phase in order to ensure that the engine quickly reaches its optimal operating temperature.

Wegen der relativ hohen Abgastemperaturen ist es vorgesehen, den Walzendrehschieber 9 und die Drosselklappe 19 ganz oder teilweise aus temperaturbeständigem Metall- oder Keramikwerkstoff zu fertigen. Somit wird hohem Verschleiß oder unzulässig großen Dehnungen der Steuerelemente 9, 19 vorgebeugt und das beschriebene System ist wartungsfrei.Because of the relatively high exhaust gas temperatures, it is provided that the rotary valve 9 and the throttle valve 19 are made entirely or partially from temperature-resistant metal or ceramic material. This prevents high wear or impermissibly large expansions of the control elements 9, 19 and the system described is maintenance-free.

Claims (12)

  1. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation, which comprises to every combustion chamber at least two inlet valves (3) arranged in inlet port sections (2) and at least one exhaust valve (5) arranged in an exhaust port (4), with a control element (9) for throttling the gas stream in one of the inlet port sections (2) as well as with an exhaust gas recirculating channel (6), the latter having an inlet (7) in the exhaust port (4) and an outlet (8) in the throttlable inlet port section (2), characterised in that the outlet (8) of the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) is located in the region of the control element (9), and both a gas volume stream coming from a main inlet port (1) and a gas volume stream passing through the outlet (8) of the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) are controllable each independently of the other by the control element (9), the control element (9) being in particular a rotary roller slide valve (9) which is rotatable in controlled fashion about a cylinder axis (10) and by the walls of which on the one hand the gas stream from the main inlet port (1) and on the other hand the exhaust gas stream through the outlet (8) of the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) can be throttled.
  2. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claim 1, characterised in that control of the movement of the rotary roller slide valve (9) takes place by means of a control device (13) and an adjusting device (14) in a manner known in the art as a function of operating characteristics of the engine.
  3. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the rotary roller slide valve (9) comprises at least one radial aperture (11) known in the art and an axial opening (12) known in the art in the region of the inlet valve (3), wherein at least one control edge (16, 17) of the rotary roller slide valve (9) is defined by edges of the aperture (11), and the aperture (11) depending on the position of the rotary roller slide valve (9) is closed by walls (18) of a cylinder head surrounding the rotary roller slide valve (9) with partial sealing.
  4. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the inlet port section (2) and the outlet (8) of the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) are opened or closed towards the inlet valve (3) in controlled fashion by only one aperture (11) of the rotary roller slide valve (9).
  5. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the aperture (11) is larger than the area of the inlet port section (2) intersected by the rotary roller slide valve (9).
  6. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the inlet port section (2) and the outlet (8) of the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) can be opened or closed towards the inlet valve (3) in controlled fashion by two apertures of the rotary roller slide valve (9).
  7. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) comprises several outlets in the inlet port section (2) and the outlets can be opened or closed selectively individually or simultaneously by at least one radial aperture of the rotary roller slide valve (9).
  8. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the rotary roller slide valve (9) is made of temperature-resistant metal or ceramic material.
  9. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation, which comprises to every combustion chamber at least two inlet valves (3) arranged in inlet port sections (2) and at least one exhaust valve (5) arranged in an exhaust port (4), with a control element (19) for throttling the gas stream in one of the inlet port sections (2) as well as with an exhaust gas recirculating channel (6), the latter having an inlet (7) in the exhaust port (4) and an outlet (22) in the throttlable inlet port section (2), characterised in that the outlet (22) of the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) is located in the region of the control element (19), and both a gas volume stream coming from a main inlet port (1) and a gas volume stream passing through the outlet (22) of the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) are controllable by the control element (19), the control element (19) being a throttle valve (19) which is pivotable about an axis (21) and arranged in the inlet port section (2) and by the special edge construction of which the outlet (22) of the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) can be opened or closed too, which takes place during a stage of movement of the throttle valve (19) in which there is no variation in throttling of the gas stream in the inlet port section (2).
  10. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claims 1 to 8 or 9, characterised in that the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) runs in the cylinder head of the engine.
  11. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claim 10, characterised in that coolant channels (24) are arranged near the exhaust gas recirculating channel (6) in the cylinder head.
  12. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation according to claims 10 and 11, characterised in that coolant flows permanently or in controlled fashion through the coolant channels (24).
EP95104425A 1994-04-09 1995-03-25 Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation Expired - Lifetime EP0676540B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4412280 1994-04-09
DE4412280A DE4412280A1 (en) 1994-04-09 1994-04-09 Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation

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EP0676540B1 true EP0676540B1 (en) 1997-07-23

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DE102009057497B4 (en) 2009-12-10 2018-06-14 Pierburg Gmbh Flap valve for initiating and controlling a fresh air flow and an exhaust gas recirculation flow
DE102016204499A1 (en) 2016-03-18 2017-09-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Device for exhaust gas recirculation for an internal combustion engine
DE102016223222A1 (en) * 2016-11-23 2018-05-24 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft A spark-ignition internal combustion engine, and method for operating a spark-ignition internal combustion engine

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DE59500405D1 (en) 1997-08-28
DE4412280A1 (en) 1995-10-12

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