EP0675798A1 - Apparatus and method for compressing materials - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for compressing materialsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0675798A1 EP0675798A1 EP92924093A EP92924093A EP0675798A1 EP 0675798 A1 EP0675798 A1 EP 0675798A1 EP 92924093 A EP92924093 A EP 92924093A EP 92924093 A EP92924093 A EP 92924093A EP 0675798 A1 EP0675798 A1 EP 0675798A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spiral
- path
- disposed
- opening
- compaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/121—Screw constructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
- B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
- B30B11/246—Screw constructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/04—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams
- B30B9/10—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams without use of a casing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/16—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with two or more screws or worms
- B30B9/163—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with two or more screws or worms working in different chambers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/18—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing with means for adjusting the outlet for the solid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
- B30B9/3003—Details
- B30B9/3039—Fluid removing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
- B30B9/3082—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor with compression means other than rams performing a rectilinear movement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for receiving and compacting material according to the preamble to the independent claims.
- Hydraulic compactors are expensive, unwieldly and heavy, in addition to which the reduction in volume which is obtained is relatively slight. As regards, for example, domestic or commercial waste, the reduction involved is no greater than a factor of 3. This slight degree of compaction is because all material to be found in the transport container is compacted at the same time.
- screw compactors consisting of a mechanical shaft which is fitted with thread blades and is surrounded by a tubular casing. Compaction is achieved in that the screw compactor presses the material into a container which is filled in due course. When the container has been filled, the screw compactor is employed to continue to force material into the container and there is thereby obtained a certain degree of compression of the material which is located in the container.
- the level of compaction is relatively slight; nor does this technique exceed a level of compaction of a factor 3.
- the explanation for the slight degree of compaction is that those pressure forces which are exercised by the screw compactor are absorbed by substantially all material located in the container, with the result that those forces which act on each individual component will, naturally be relatively slight. Screw compactors have relatively low capacity in relation to their size, suffer from difficulties in handling large objects and require considerable power for their operation. In addition, screw compactors are large and heavy, as well as being expensive in both purchase and operation.
- spiral compactors are also employed for compacting material.
- the term spiral compactor is here taken to signify compactors including a spiral which is rotary about its longitudinal axis, which lacks a mechanical shaft and which includes a spiral or helical blade stood on its end and surrounded by a casing.
- the spiral and the casing form a precompaction zone where compaction of the material commences.
- the spiral has an outer diameter which is slightly less than the inner diameter of the casing. Thereby, the spiral closely approaches (with slight clearance) the surrounding casing.
- the precompaction zone is followed, in the direction of displacement of the material, by a region which has no spiral and in which the final compaction of the material takes place.
- Spiral compactors have a relatively simple design and construction which results in low practical and running costs, at the same time as the degree of compaction is considerably better than the above-disclosed factor of 3.
- the construction of spiral compactors described in the preceding paragraph entails, however, the disadvantage that, on varying material size, the material is occasionally jammed between the spiral and the casing. In particular when large-piece material is involved, blockages readily occur, with resultant operational disturbance or operational disruption.
- the present invention has for its object to devise a spiral compactor in which the above-disclosed drawbacks are obviated and in which the advantages afforded by the spiral compactor are attained.
- Fig. 1 shows one embodiment of a spiral compactor cut away in the longitudinal direction, provided with but a single spiral;
- Fig. 2 shows a section taken along the line 11—11 in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a spiral compactor cut away in the longitudinal direction, with two spirals
- Fig. 6 shows a section taken along the line VI—VI in Fig. 4.
- Figs. 1-3 show one embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention including a spiral 30 which is placed in path 10.
- the spiral is rotary about its geometric centre axis 31.
- the path has a lower portion 26 which is of a cross-section entailing that the lower region surrounds the spiral with relatively slight clearance.
- the cross-section of the lower portion is semicircular, in addition to which the lower portion merges into two substantially upstanding walls 28a,b, which form the upper portion 27 of the path.
- the one end 34 of the spiral, its driving end is connected, via a journal 16 in the one end, the drive end of the path 10, to drive means 60 for rotating the spiral.
- the spiral 30 includes a spiral blade 33 which is stood on its end and is, in the illustrated embodiment, composed of an inner part spiral blade 37 and an outer part spiral blade 38 connected with the inner part spiral blade.
- the arrows A indicate the direction of rotation of the spiral.
- the spiral blade 33 is journalled only in connection with its drive means 60, while its other end 39 is non-journalled.
- the non-journalled end will generally be designated the free end 39 of the spiral blade or the spiral.
- the free end 39 is located in or adjacent the discharge end 43 of the path.
- the jornal 16 is placed such that the spiral blade 33 rotates, most proximal the journal 16, without any mechanical contact with the lower portion 26 of the path or with the upwardly directed walls 28a, b of the path.
- the spiral On rotation, the spiral is disposed, with the exception of its portion located most proximally the journal, to abut with its outer defining edge 32, against the lower portion 26 of the path 10.
- the spiral blade abuts against only a limited region of the lower portion of the path, defined as that region of the lower portion with which the spiral blade 33 during rotation progressively alters its direction of movement from being substantially vertical to being substantially horizontal.
- This side of the path against which the spiral substantially abuts will hereafter be designated the support side.
- the spiral blade abuts against the path or is supported by the path 10 irrespective of whether the spiral blade 33 is in direct contact with the path or in contact via a material layer located between the spiral blade and the path.
- the journal 16 and the spiral blade 33 are, as a rule, designed so as, on heavy loading, to allow the spiral to be resiliently displaced in a radial direction.
- An infeed device 40 shown in Fig. 1 as a hopper-like device, connects to an opening 11 provided in the path, the infeed opening of the path.
- the infeed opening 11 is of a length which essentially corresponds to the entire length of the spiral 30.
- the spiral and the path form, in this region, a feed compartment 35 for the supplied material.
- the diameter and pitch of the spiral are then adapted such that the spiral has substantially but one spiral turn.
- a chamber 41 surrounded by a casing 42 in the circumferential direction.
- the compaction cell normally consists of a part of the chamber 41, but in certain embodiments a part of the feed compartment 35 is also included in the compaction cell.
- the cross-sectional configuration of the compaction cell is optional. It may, for example be circular, oval, include curved portions, be polygonal etc.
- the free end 39 of the spiral is disposed in the region of the transition 36 betv/een the opening 11 and the compaction cell 15.
- the intention here is to project the spiral a short distance into the chamber 41, at most approximately half of the length of the chamber and, as a rule, at most approximately one third of the length of the chamber.
- the free end 39 of the spiral is located in the region of a plane transversely of the axial direction of the spiral path the bounding definition of the infeed opening 11, most proximal the discharge opening 12.
- the spiral terminates ahead of the above-mentioned plane and at a distance therefrom corresponding to at most one third of a thread pitch, as a rule at most a quarter of a thread pitch.
- the chamber 41 surrounded by the casing 42 is dimensioned so as to eliminate the risk of jamming of material which is fed into the chamber. This is achieved in that the chamber 42 is given larger cross-section than the feed compartment 35. Primarily the upper bounding definition 46 of the chamber is raised in relation to the corresponding part of the feed compartment. As a rule, the side definitions 44a,b and lower definition 45 of the chamber are also placed at a greater distance from a geometric centre line 31 continuing from the spiral 30 than corresponding parts of the feed compartment in relation to the centre line. To this end, in certain embodiments the transition between the feed compartment and the chamber forms a step, while in other embodiments the transition diverges continually.
- the step is substantially replaced by the chamber 41 continually flaring towards the discharge opening 12 of the chamber (the apparatus).
- the upper bounding definition of the chamber is, as a rule, raised in comparison with the corresponding portion of the feed compartment.
- the chamber is provided with substantially continually tapering cross-sectional area after the step.
- baffle member 13a, b In connection with the discharge opening 12 of the casing there is disposed a baffle member 13a, b which prevents displacement of the material.
- the baffle members are designed to assume a position which does not prevent displacment of the material on a pressure loading which exceeds a certain value.
- Fig. 1 examples of alternative embodiments of the baffle member are shown in which these are journalled in the outer edge of the opening 12.
- baffle member 13a which is connected to the opening 12 of the compaction cell 15 in a journal 17.
- This is designed as a hinge with a built-in return spring, i.e. a spring which returns the baffle member to its starting position when the baffle member is not under the influence of external forces.
- the hinge is provided with means for adjusting the size of that force with which the integral spring of the hinge acts on the baffle member.
- baffle member 13b is journalled in a journal 16.
- the baffle member is provided with one or more projecting portions 20 which, via one or more spring members 18, hold the baffle member in the position illustrated in the Figure.
- the baffle can be of any optional design and also be connected to any optional suitable, fixed portion of the apparatus.
- means are provided in certain embodiments for pretensioning the spring members 18.
- At least one first mechanical guide member 50 is disposed substantially above the spiral 30 and in the region of the opening 11.
- the guide member is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the spiral and is of a length which substantially corresponds to the length of the infeed opening in the longitudinal direction of the spiral. It further applies according to the invention that the guide member is disposed on the support side of the path, i.e. on that side against which the spiral blade 33 is displaced in a radial direction on rotation of the spiral.
- the disclosed displacement in a radial direction depends upon the direction of rotation (right or left-hand turn) of the spiral and those reaction forces which occur between the spiral and the material displaced by the spiral.
- the guide member 50 is located closely adjacent or abuts against the outer defining edge 32 of the spiral, at least when the spiral 30 rotates.
- the guide member also forms a scraper blade for material which accompanies the spiral on its rotation.
- the guide member prevents the spiral from being lifted up out of the path as a result of upwardly directed forces which may occur on rotation of the spiral.
- the minimum distance between the first guide member and the opposing wall 28a of the opening is generally less than the diameter of the spiral. Also in this embodiment, it is ensured that the spiral remains in its path if the spiral were to be exposed to upwardly directed forces.
- the first guide member 50 constitutes a sufficient obstacle preventing the spiral from being lifted up out of its path.
- at least one supplementary mechanical guide member 51 (second guide member) is provided in the region of the opening 11.
- the supplementary guide member is disposed on the opposite side of the opening 11 in relation to the previously mentioned (first) guide member.
- the second guide member is also of a length corresponding to the length of the first guide member and is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the spiral.
- the distance between the first guide member 50 and the second guide member 51 is less than the diameter of the spiral. It will hereby be ensured that the spiral is not lifted up out of its path as a result of possible upwardly directed forces which may occur in connection with rotation of the spiral.
- the path 10 and/or the casing 42 is provided with drainage apertures 14 through which liquid pressed out of the material leaves the feed compartment 35 and/or the compaction cell 15.
- drainage means 14, such as perforations, apertures etc, are provided in both the feed compartment and the compaction cell.
- Fig. 1 also shows one embodiment of the present invention in which the compaction cell 15 accommodating the feed compartment 35 and the chamber 41 consists of two separate parts which are interconnected by means of connection devices 19 and 21, respectively.
- connection devices 19 and 21 are shown in the Figure as flange elements, but it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that any appropriate design whatever of the connection devices may be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
- Figs. 4-6 show one embodiment of the present invention in which two mutually cooperating spirals 30a,b are provided for infeed of material to the compaction cell 15a.
- the apparatus is substantially constructed corresponding to that previously described with particular reference to Figs. 1-3.
- the same reference numerals will be employed for the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 as those previously used for devices corresponding to previously described devices.
- the path 10 for each respective spiral is of a design corresponding to that disclosed above for previously described embodiments, entailing that, in those areas v/here the spiral normally abuts against the path 10 or, in certain operational cases is brought into abutment against the path, the minimum radius of curvature of the path corresponds substantially to or exceeds half of the outer diameter of each respective spiral. Even though the expression radius of curvature has been employed here, the described principle is also applicable when only portions of the path form supports which are discrete in the longitudinal direction. Drive means 60 impart to the spirals counter-directed rotation (cf.
- the direction of rotation being selected so that the material, on displacement tov/ards - li ⁇ the compaction cell 15a, will also show a tendency to be displaced towards the region between the two spirals.
- material is accumulated in a central material strand which forces the spirals downwardly and assists in preventing the spirals from being raised up from the path 10a.
- the Figures show one embodiment of the compaction cell 15 which is suited for use when the apparatus includes two mutually cooperating spirals 30.
- the compaction cell 15 has, in the illustrated embodiment, a substantially planar upper bounding definition 46 and a substantially planar lower definition 45.
- the upper definition merges in the lower definition via bounding definitions 44a, b which, in their lower regions curve in towards the substantially planar lower definition 45.
- the guiding of the rotation of the spirals is designed such that rotation is terminated by each respective spiral being set in a reception position in which that portion of the spiral blade which is located beneath the central region of the infeed opening is located adjacent the lowermost part of each respective path.
- the guide member 50 (which closely approaches the spiral proper) prevents material from penetrating in betv/een the spiral and the path. On rotation of the spiral, material may occasionally adhere to the spiral blade but the guide member scrapes such material free from the spiral blade.
- a compaction apparatus will be of considerably smaller dimensions and display a higher degree of compaction than a screw compactor of corresponding capacity, since the screw compactor has a "flow area" for the material which is determined by the height of the thread blade, while the spiral compactor has a "flow area” which is substantially determined by the diameter of the spiral.
- An increase in the transport area in the compaction cell 15 in relation to the feed compartment 35 will eliminate the clog risk which occurs in prior art spiral compactors.
- the compact construction makes it possible to install the spiral conveyor in areas v/here available space does not permit installation of spiral compactors according to prior art technology for the material which passes into the compaction cell.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97117739A EP0820859A3 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1992-11-19 | Apparatus and method for compressing materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9103451A SE9103451L (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1991-11-19 | LOADING AND COMPRESSION DEVICE |
SE9103451 | 1991-11-19 | ||
PCT/SE1992/000802 WO1993009936A1 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1992-11-19 | Apparatus and method for compressing materials |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97117739A Division EP0820859A3 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1992-11-19 | Apparatus and method for compressing materials |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0675798A1 true EP0675798A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
EP0675798B1 EP0675798B1 (en) | 1998-09-23 |
Family
ID=20384397
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97117739A Withdrawn EP0820859A3 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1992-11-19 | Apparatus and method for compressing materials |
EP92924093A Expired - Lifetime EP0675798B1 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1992-11-19 | Apparatus and method for compressing materials |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97117739A Withdrawn EP0820859A3 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1992-11-19 | Apparatus and method for compressing materials |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0820859A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2860161B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE171417T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3053892A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2100673C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69227129T2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2267053B (en) |
HK (1) | HK21496A (en) |
SE (1) | SE9103451L (en) |
TW (1) | TW208677B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993009936A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9204059D0 (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1992-04-08 | Mcgreevy John M | Waste compacting device |
EP1238792A3 (en) * | 2001-01-13 | 2003-05-14 | Karl Schedlbauer | Method and apparatus for the continuous extrusion of solid or hollow profiles from small parts |
CN108906280B (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2024-03-15 | 广州晟启能源设备有限公司 | Stirring, crushing and strip extruding machine |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE604239C (en) * | 1932-11-16 | 1934-10-17 | Guillermo Cotti | Uninterrupted press for grapes and other fruits with feed rollers arranged in front of the pressure screw |
CH274052A (en) * | 1949-06-29 | 1951-03-15 | Scaler Ivan | Continuous press. |
US3780645A (en) * | 1972-08-02 | 1973-12-25 | Ward Foods Inc | Screw press assembly |
FR2265635A1 (en) * | 1974-03-27 | 1975-10-24 | Locaner Sa | Machine for shredding and compacting domestic refuse - has screw conveyor feed to inclined variable section compaction tube |
LU82574A1 (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1980-12-15 | Vandekerckhove Nv | SCREW PRESS |
SE446956B (en) * | 1984-04-19 | 1986-10-20 | Spirac Engineering Ab | DEVICE FOR TRANSFER OF MATERIALS BY AT LEAST ONE AXELLOS SPIRAL |
SE450104B (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1987-06-09 | Spirac Engineering Ab | DEVICE FOR COMPRESSING MATERIAL AND REDUCING ITS LIQUID CONTENT |
DE3915528C1 (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-12-13 | Noggerath & Co, 3061 Ahnsen, De | Screw conveyor with material moisture reduction - has spiral brush in grate region, matching pitch of conveyor screw |
DE9107404U1 (en) * | 1991-06-15 | 1991-08-08 | Wecker, Heinrich, 4782 Erwitte, De |
-
1991
- 1991-11-19 SE SE9103451A patent/SE9103451L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1992
- 1992-11-19 EP EP97117739A patent/EP0820859A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-11-19 EP EP92924093A patent/EP0675798B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-19 AT AT92924093T patent/ATE171417T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-19 AU AU30538/92A patent/AU3053892A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-19 DE DE69227129T patent/DE69227129T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-19 CA CA002100673A patent/CA2100673C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-19 JP JP5509212A patent/JP2860161B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-19 WO PCT/SE1992/000802 patent/WO1993009936A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1993
- 1993-01-09 TW TW082100100A patent/TW208677B/zh active
- 1993-06-10 GB GB9312012A patent/GB2267053B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-02-01 HK HK21496A patent/HK21496A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9309936A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK21496A (en) | 1996-02-09 |
EP0820859A2 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
GB2267053B (en) | 1994-10-12 |
CA2100673C (en) | 2000-02-15 |
AU3053892A (en) | 1993-06-15 |
EP0675798B1 (en) | 1998-09-23 |
SE9103451D0 (en) | 1991-11-19 |
EP0820859A3 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
DE69227129D1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
DE69227129T2 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
JPH07501016A (en) | 1995-02-02 |
SE9103451L (en) | 1993-05-20 |
TW208677B (en) | 1993-07-01 |
JP2860161B2 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
GB2267053A (en) | 1993-11-24 |
WO1993009936A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
GB9312012D0 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
ATE171417T1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
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